Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Structure optimization of a polygonal automobile exhaust thermoelectric generator considering in-vehicle compatibility","authors":"Rui Quan,&nbsp;Yulong Zhou,&nbsp;Shuyang Yao,&nbsp;Zixiang Feng,&nbsp;Jianglan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polygonal heat exchangers (HEXs) are more applicable to automobile exhaust thermoelectric generators (AETEGs) due to their symmetrical structure and low backpressure, but their structural parameters will directly affect the systems' performance. For the sake of accurately predicting the AETEG performance based on a polygonal HEX inserted with sickle-shaped fins, a comprehensive fluid-thermal-electric coupling model was established, and the effects of HEX widths and lengths on its fluid field, thermal field, and electric properties were numerically investigated. Results indicate that increasing HEX widths reduces the pressure drop, output power, and conversion efficiency of the AETEG system while increasing HEX length increases its pressure drop and decreases the conversion efficiency. According to the designed in-vehicle compatibility index considering temperature uniformity, backpressure, output power, and conversion efficiency, the optimal structural parameters for HEX are <em>H</em> = 130 mm, <em>N</em>_w = 1 row, and <em>N</em>_L = 8 columns. At an exhaust flow rate of 40 m/s and an input temperature of 600 K, the conversion efficiency, highest power, temperature uniformity, and backpressure of the AETEG system are 0.97 %, 118.24 W, 98.97 %, and 868.67 Pa, respectively. The findings provide an efficient approach to optimize the structural parameters of AETEGs with reduced backpressure in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105724"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental analysis of the exergetic performance of a solar air heater using separate liquid and solid sensible thermal storage media","authors":"Harikrishnan M ,&nbsp;R Ajith Kumar ,&nbsp;Rajesh Baby ,&nbsp;Dani Percy ,&nbsp;S. Ajith Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This experimental research examines the exergetic performance of a solar air heater utilizing liquid and solid sensible thermal storage (SES) mediums separately. The primary objective is to evaluate and compare the thermal and exergetic efficiencies of both storage mediums under varying operational conditions. Three models are studied: (i) SAHRR: A solar air heater without any sensible energy storage (SES) medium, (ii)SAHRR-WPBS: A solar air heater incorporating pebbles as the SES medium, (iii)SAHRR-WTH55: A solar air heater incorporating Therminol 55 as the SES medium. The studies were carried out by employing an indoor solar simulator with different mass flow rates of 0.01, 0.02,0.03 and 0.06 kg/s with solar insolation varying between 600 and 1000 W/m². By introducing SES mediums into the solar air heaters (SAHRR-WPBS.SAHRR-WTH55), the absorber plate's temperature was significantly lowered in comparison to the SAHRR, demonstrating the SES medium's thermal storage capabilities. For every mass flow rate taken into consideration, it was found that SAHRR-WPBS and SAHRR-WTH55 had more exergy efficiency than SAHRR. The outlet air temperature of SAHRR-WPBS and SAHRR-WTH55 stayed above the ambient temperature for 150 and 180 min, respectively, after operating for 2 h at 1000 W/m² with a flow rate of 0.01 kg/s, following which the solar simulator was switched off. This proves that both SAHRR-WPBS and SAHRR-WTH55 can extend functioning for period more than 2.5 h after sunset. The designed SAHRR-WPBS and SAHRR-WTH55 can generate hot air in the range between 45- 65°C with minimal temperature variation over extended periods, making it suitable for producing high-quality dried products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105709"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Garcinia drying using mixed-mode solar dryer technique: Drying kinetics, mathematical modeling and quality characteristics","authors":"Eleeyah Saniso ,&nbsp;Lutfee Sueni ,&nbsp;Muhammadkhoiri Hayibaka ,&nbsp;Somakorn Chaiwarakorn ,&nbsp;Abedeen Dasaesamoh ,&nbsp;Huseng Chaidana","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fresh Garcinia, with a high MC at 725.9 ± 36.3 % d.b, requires a reduction in its MC for storage before processing. This study aimed to evaluate the drying kinetics, mathematical models, and quality of dried sliced Garcinia using MMSD. The sliced Garcinia is dried using a MMSD system under natural airflow and airflow at 0.5, 1.0, and 0.5 m/s (trays switched), as well as OSD during daytime from 8.00 a.m. to 4.00 p.m. The results indicated that drying sliced Garcinia using MMSD at 0.5 m/s of airflow with the tray switched reduced the MC to 20–25 % d.b. within 12 h. The drying time was 25 % shorter compared to OSD. The Midilli &amp; Kucuk, two-term exponential and logarithmic models exhibited the best fit for MMSD and OSD drying. The D_eff of the sliced Garcinia dried by OSD and MMSD under various drying airflow was from 4.14 <span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span> 10⁻⁶ to 7.98 <span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span> 10⁻⁶ m²/h. The sliced Garcinia dried by MMSD exhibited an apparent golden-yellow color, while those dried by OSD exhibited an apparent reddish-yellow color. Furthermore, the overall polyphenols, phenolics, and flavonoids content in dried sliced Garcinia using MMSD and OSD showed an insignificant difference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105711"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal behavior of silica aerogel-paraffin nanocomposites in a nanochannel under varying magnetic fields: A molecular dynamics study","authors":"Yi Ru ,&nbsp;Ali B.M. Ali ,&nbsp;Shahram Babadoust ,&nbsp;Rasha Abed Hussein ,&nbsp;Mohammed Al-Bahrani ,&nbsp;Barno Abdullaeva ,&nbsp;Soheil Salahshour ,&nbsp;S. Mohammad Sajadi ,&nbsp;Sh Esmaeili","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for efficient energy conservation methods is growing amid rising fuel costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Phase change materials are essential for thermal energy storage, and silica aerogels, when combined with these materials, are particularly effective for insulation. This study presented a novel analysis of how various magnetic field strengths (ranging from 0 to 0.5 T) affected the thermal behavior of a nanostructure composed of silica aerogel, paraffin, and CuO nanoparticles in a cylindrical tube. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we examined the magnetic field's effect on key thermal properties, including density, temperature, heat flux, thermal conductivity, and the charging and discharging times. Results indicate that increasing the magnetic field strength to 0.5 T led to a decrease in maximum density from 0.1385 to 0.1372 atoms/ų. Additionally, the maximum velocity increased to 0.0142 Å/fs, while the maximum temperature and heat flux rose to 646 K and 72.13 W/m², respectively. The observed charging and discharging times were 5.91 ns and 8.52 ns, with stronger magnetic fields expediting the charging phase. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing thermal energy storage systems through magnetic field modulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105778"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transport efficiency in rheology of radiated casson material due to porous shrinking cylinder","authors":"Muhammad Yasir ,&nbsp;N. Ameer Ahammad ,&nbsp;Aisha M. Alqahtani ,&nbsp;Yahia Said","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In several industrial and thermal management systems, maintaining continuous thermal propagation is essential because it makes thermal engineering mechanisms and machinery more efficient. It is therefore a promising development for the augmentation of thermal power energy to use thermal radiation, heat source/sink, and nanoparticles in a heat-carrying dynamics of non-Newtonian fluids. This article presents a unique contribution by thoroughly examining the mass transfer and thermal properties of Casson fluid in motile microorganism suspensions over a shrinking cylinder. The physical characteristics of the problem are governed by partial differential equations, which are converted to ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity variables. To find the duality of solutions, the Bvp4c solver from MATLAB is used in the solution approach. The various flow characteristics of Casson fluid have been illustrated with graphs. The engineering quantities, such as friction factor, Sherwood number, Nusselt number, and density number have also been computed and graphically depicted. The study's main finding reveals that higher suction strength enhanced the skin friction coefficient and transportation rate in the shrinking zone. It is noteworthy that a higher Eckert number and thermal radiation decreased the thermal transport rate, whereas reaction rate increased the solutal transfer rate. The results also demonstrated that in the second branch solution, with increasing magnetic and Casson factors, the fluid flow velocity distribution decreases, while in the first branch solution, it increases. These findings add important insights into optimizing heat transport in modern systems of engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105777"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of cold storage process via Galerkin approach implementing nanoparticles","authors":"Wajdi Rajhi ,&nbsp;Ali Basem ,&nbsp;Ziyad Jamil Talabany ,&nbsp;Hussein A.Z. AL-bonsrulah ,&nbsp;Moaz Al-lehaibi ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Ali Alsayer ,&nbsp;Awatif M.A. Elsiddieg ,&nbsp;Lioua Kolsi","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this research is to simulate the unsteady cold storage process in a tank with wavy walls and fins, designed to improve the solidification of the working fluid. The loading of alumina nanoparticles within water significantly accelerates the freezing process, improving the system's overall efficiency. This paper focuses on analyzing the effects of two critical factors: the fraction (ϕ) and the diameter (dp) of the additives. The simulations, performed using the Galerkin method, include a dynamically adapted mesh to accurately track the solidification front. Results show that initially increasing the nanoparticle diameter (dp) enhances the freezing rate by around 20.77 %. However, beyond a certain size, further augments in dp lead to a reduction in freezing rate by about 50.33 %. Thus, the optimal nanoparticle size for this system is identified as 40 nm. Moreover, increasing ϕ expedite rates the freezing process, reducing the total freezing time by approximately 41.13 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105758"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal control for high sensitivity terahertz detection module: Design, simulation and experimental verification","authors":"Yantang Hua ,&nbsp;Chunlong Liu ,&nbsp;Min Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Yang ,&nbsp;Richa Hu ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Lu ,&nbsp;Liang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the overall configuration characteristics of the terahertz detection module and the thermal environmental conditions during the detection mission, particularly the thermal control challenges such as multiple heat sources, high heat dissipation, and compact internal component installation, an effective thermal control design scheme has been proposed. A comparative analysis of the simulation and thermal balance test results of the terahertz detection module under extreme low and extreme high temperature conditions were conducted. The thermal balance test results indicate that the temperatures of the terahertz detection module's framework and internal components meet the thermal control requirements, with the deviation between simulated and tested temperatures being less than 2.8 °C. This indicates that the thermal analysis of the terahertz detection module is reasonable and effective, and the thermal design is correct and feasible. To address the issues of uneven temperature distribution on the heat dissipation plate and the high local temperature of the compressor unit, an improvement measure has been proposed to fill the lightweight grooves of the module's heat dissipation plate. Simulation analysis shows that this measure is effective to some extent. This research provides an important theoretical foundation and research experience for the thermal design of space probe with multiple heat sources and high heat dissipation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105756"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar still double slope evaporation improvement using palm kernel as sensible heat storage material","authors":"Yogie Probo Sibagariang ,&nbsp;Oo Abdul Rosyid ,&nbsp;Himsar Ambarita ,&nbsp;Adjat Sudrajat ,&nbsp;M. Rosyid Ridlo ,&nbsp;Nelly Malik Lande ,&nbsp;Ma'arif Hasan ,&nbsp;Ahmad Fudholi","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The scarcity of fresh water encouraged researchers to look for alternatives sourced from renewable energy. Solar stills were an alternative that could be used to help overcome the shortage of fresh water. The novelty of this research lay in the utilisation of palm kernels as a heat storage material in a solar still. In order to achieve this objective, four solar stills were constructed and evaluated under identical environmental circumstances in Medan City, Indonesia. The palm kernels with different mass variations (1 kg, 3 kg, 5 kg) were placed in a solar still. The four solar stills were evaluated for energy, exergy, and economy analysis. From the experimental results, palm kernels were able to increase the temperature inside the solar still, thereby increasing the evaporation process inside the solar still. The productivity of freshwater solar stills with palm kernel kernels increased by 30.1 %, energy efficiency increased 4.9 %–15.9 %, and freshwater production costs fell by 23.17 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105705"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the transitory performance of mixed convective heat and mass transfer around spherical region in the presence of fluctuating streams","authors":"Hossam A. Nabwey ,&nbsp;Sahar Anwar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ashraf ,&nbsp;A.M. Rashad","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The core intention of this novel study is to scrutinize the mixed convective fluid flow at distinct locations around a sphere with fluctuating streams of velocity, heat, and mass. This mechanism of heat and mass transfer is of great importance in thermal management systems, biomedical technology, and particle dispersion in environmental flows with many others. It also offers a great understanding of predicting the pollutant and heat spread in the environment. Further, this mechanism will help to observe the steady as well as oscillating nature of the fluid flow around a sphere. For this purpose, the coupled partial differential equations are first non-dimensionalized and their steady and oscillatory components are separated. Then these are transformed into more manageable forms via appropriate primitive variable formulation. To obtain the computational solution, the transformed equations are discretized by employing the FDM (Finite Difference Method). The obtained results for the Prandtl number <span><math><mrow><mi>Pr</mi></mrow></math></span>, Schmidt number <span><math><mrow><mtext>Sc</mtext></mrow></math></span>, mixed convection parameter <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>λ</mi><mi>T</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> and modified mixed convection parameter <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>λ</mi><mi>C</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> are illustrated in graphical format at different locations at <span><math><mrow><mi>X</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1.5</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow></math></span> radian for both steady and transient flow and tabular form for the steady flow. The fluid's velocity in steady flow achieved its peak value at the location <span><math><mrow><mi>X</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1.5</mn></mrow></math></span> rad while mass and temperature distribution attained their maximum at the location <span><math><mrow><mi>X</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.1</mn></mrow></math></span> rad for all the parameters. The skin friction with the transport rates of energy and mass dropped for ascending values of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>λ</mi><mi>T</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>λ</mi><mi>C</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> at location <span><math><mrow><mi>X</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1.5</mn></mrow></math></span> rad. For the fluctuating unsteady part, the transient skin friction has an adequately smaller oscillation amplitude at distinct locations for all parameters. The transient rate of heat transport has a higher amplitude and increasing trend for incrementing <span><math><mrow><mi>Pr</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mtext>Sc</mtext></mrow></math></span>. Whereas, the transient rate of mass transport exhibits a rising trend for <span><math><mrow><mi>Pr</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>λ</mi><mi>C</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> at specified locations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105720"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal analysis of transient MHD ferrofluid flow and natural convection in a Porous cavity with a cylindrical barrier","authors":"Pan Zhang ,&nbsp;Hassan Roshani ,&nbsp;Payam Jalili ,&nbsp;Bahram Jalili ,&nbsp;Hammad. Alotaibi ,&nbsp;Davood Domiri Ganji","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of Darcy, Rayleigh, and Hartmann numbers on the time-dependent <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.15</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> This article investigates the ferrofluid flow behavior in a porous square cavity with a cylindrical barrier filled with 5 % iron oxide III ferroparticles (Fe3O4) and water (H2O) as the base fluid. The governing equations for the ferrofluid flow have been solved using Galerkin's finite element method. The boundary conditions are the cylindrical barrier, a part of the lower face of the cavity having a high temperature, the side faces of the cavity having a low temperature, and the remaining parts adiabatic. While observing the non-slip condition in all geometry surfaces, the square cavity, cylindrical barrier, and ferrofluid inside are under the magnetic field's influence. The range of Rayleigh numbers studied in the article is <span><math><mrow><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>≤</mo><mi>R</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>≤</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>5</mn></msup></mrow></math></span>, Darcy number <span><math><mrow><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup><mo>≤</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>≤</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and Hartmann number <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>20</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>100</mn></mrow></math></span>, and finally, their effect on heat transfer and flow behavior has been investigated. The results show that increasing the Darcy number affected the velocity profiles in each Rayleigh and Hartmann number. Also, changes in ferrofluid velocity with respect to time according to different Rayleigh, Darcy, and Hartmann numbers were significant, while temperature changes with time were less compared to velocity changes with time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105693"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}