Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2026.107799
Zhimin Cui, Yaping Wang, Shaomin Xie
{"title":"Optimizing Integrated Energy Systems with a Virtual Energy Station Framework: Exergy-Based Scheduling and Multi-Energy Integration","authors":"Zhimin Cui, Yaping Wang, Shaomin Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.107799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.107799","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"294 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2026.107779
Dongyu Jia, Liwei Yang, Xiaoqing Gao, Shuyuan Ren
{"title":"Rooftop Photovoltaics in Western China: A Study on Temperature and Urban Heat Island Dynamics in a Typical Valley City","authors":"Dongyu Jia, Liwei Yang, Xiaoqing Gao, Shuyuan Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.107779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.107779","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146110761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2026.107784
Yang Liu, Meng Wei, Haitao Zhang, Yuwei Liu, Jiandong Liao
In high-altitude regions, low atmospheric pressure and air density markedly reduce ventilation efficiency during tunnel construction, causing CO accumulation and severe safety risks. Using the Gongga Tunnel, a national key project, as a case study, this study combines numerical simulation and field experiments to clarify the drift-type ventilation flow and CO migration in the main-pilot tunnel system under high-altitude conditions. The effects of ventilation parameters on system performance were analyzed, the optimal ventilation scheme was proposed, and its effectiveness was validated on site. The results indicate that vortices formed near the working face due to airflow conflict lead to CO concentration peaks 50-125 m from the face. CO migrates toward the tunnel portal as gas masses, expanding in volume and decreasing in peak concentration. Due to cross-sectional shape differences, diffusion in the main-pilot tunnels differs, but both show central CO peaks and lower edge concentrations, matching field tests. Comparative analysis shows that parameter influence on ventilation efficiency follows: duct-working face distance > duct outlet velocity > duct layout position. Optimal performance occurs when duct height is 7.1 m, outlet distance 50 m, velocity 20 m/s, reducing average CO peak concentration by about 22% after 360 s of ventilation.
{"title":"Study on CO Concentration Distribution and Ventilation Scheme Optimization in Ultra-Long Drift-Type High-Altitude Tunnel Construction","authors":"Yang Liu, Meng Wei, Haitao Zhang, Yuwei Liu, Jiandong Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.107784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.107784","url":null,"abstract":"In high-altitude regions, low atmospheric pressure and air density markedly reduce ventilation efficiency during tunnel construction, causing CO accumulation and severe safety risks. Using the Gongga Tunnel, a national key project, as a case study, this study combines numerical simulation and field experiments to clarify the drift-type ventilation flow and CO migration in the main-pilot tunnel system under high-altitude conditions. The effects of ventilation parameters on system performance were analyzed, the optimal ventilation scheme was proposed, and its effectiveness was validated on site. The results indicate that vortices formed near the working face due to airflow conflict lead to CO concentration peaks 50-125 m from the face. CO migrates toward the tunnel portal as gas masses, expanding in volume and decreasing in peak concentration. Due to cross-sectional shape differences, diffusion in the main-pilot tunnels differs, but both show central CO peaks and lower edge concentrations, matching field tests. Comparative analysis shows that parameter influence on ventilation efficiency follows: duct-working face distance > duct outlet velocity > duct layout position. Optimal performance occurs when duct height is 7.1 m, outlet distance 50 m, velocity 20 m/s, reducing average CO peak concentration by about 22% after 360 s of ventilation.","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2026.107793
Shorup Chanda, Sumon Saha, Nripendranath Biswas
{"title":"Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Ferrofluid Flow with Internal Heat Generation and Joule Heating in a Heater-Embedded Square Chamber","authors":"Shorup Chanda, Sumon Saha, Nripendranath Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.107793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.107793","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Enhancement of a Small Solar Desalination Still with Active Solar Tracking, Spray Evaporation, and Auxiliary Electrical Heating","authors":"Min-Wen Wang, Rui-Yun Hsu, Chi-Feng Hung, Tsung-Chieh Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.107792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.107792","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2026.107789
Xiaohan Zhou, Zirui Li, Xinrong Liu, Yan Wang, Libing Du
{"title":"Calculation model for the thermal conductivity of concrete considering microstructural characteristics","authors":"Xiaohan Zhou, Zirui Li, Xinrong Liu, Yan Wang, Libing Du","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.107789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2026.107789","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2026.107662
Hatem Gasmi , Khalil Hajlaoui , Ali M. Mohsen , As'ad Alizadeh , Mujtaba A. Flayyih , Mohamed Shaban , Walid Aich , Karim Kriaa
This study investigates the thermo-electrical performance and entropy generation of a hybrid PVT-TEG system cooled by a Jet Impingement Module (JIM) across four channel geometries and Re numbers (400–1600). The JIM system achieved superior thermal management, significantly reducing the average PV temperature by up to 3.4 K to a stable 305.3 K and lowering the thermal entropy generation by 15–25 %. However, this enhancement came with a substantial energy penalty. The parasitic power required for pumping surged by orders of magnitude, reaching over 2 W, which drastically reduced the net electrical output. Consequently, the system's net electrical power was nearly halved (1.92–2.16 W with JIM vs. ∼3.95 W without JIM), and the electrical exergy efficiency reduced to 7.7–8.6 % compared to 15.8–15.9 % for the non-JIM configuration. Furthermore, while thermal irreversibilities were reduced, frictional entropy generation became dominant, soaring to values between 819 and 1074 W/K due to the intense fluid friction in the JIM cooler. The results demonstrate a critical trade-off, where the significant pumping power consumption and associated frictional losses ultimately outweigh the benefits of improved heat transfer, rendering the simple channel without JIM more effective for net energy production.
{"title":"Energy–exergy and entropy generation analysis of a PVT-TEG module using a sinusoidal channel combined with jet-impingement cooling","authors":"Hatem Gasmi , Khalil Hajlaoui , Ali M. Mohsen , As'ad Alizadeh , Mujtaba A. Flayyih , Mohamed Shaban , Walid Aich , Karim Kriaa","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.107662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.107662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the thermo-electrical performance and entropy generation of a hybrid PVT-TEG system cooled by a Jet Impingement Module (JIM) across four channel geometries and Re numbers (400–1600). The JIM system achieved superior thermal management, significantly reducing the average PV temperature by up to 3.4 K to a stable 305.3 K and lowering the thermal entropy generation by 15–25 %. However, this enhancement came with a substantial energy penalty. The parasitic power required for pumping surged by orders of magnitude, reaching over 2 W, which drastically reduced the net electrical output. Consequently, the system's net electrical power was nearly halved (1.92–2.16 W with JIM vs. ∼3.95 W without JIM), and the electrical exergy efficiency reduced to 7.7–8.6 % compared to 15.8–15.9 % for the non-JIM configuration. Furthermore, while thermal irreversibilities were reduced, frictional entropy generation became dominant, soaring to values between 819 and 1074 W/K due to the intense fluid friction in the JIM cooler. The results demonstrate a critical trade-off, where the significant pumping power consumption and associated frictional losses ultimately outweigh the benefits of improved heat transfer, rendering the simple channel without JIM more effective for net energy production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 107662"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2026.107663
Jiayang Wang , Zhuoyang Zhao , Li Wang
This research develops a comprehensive financial risk management framework integrating multiple asset classes and derivative instruments for institutional portfolio optimization. The study employs advanced quantitative methods including Value-at-Risk (VaR), Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR), and stochastic optimization to construct resilient investment portfolios under market uncertainty. We analyze risk-return tradeoffs across equity, fixed-income, commodity, and alternative investment vehicles while incorporating dynamic hedging strategies. Using Monte Carlo simulation and copula-based dependency modeling, we assess portfolio performance under various macroeconomic scenarios including inflation shocks, interest rate volatility, and currency fluctuations. The framework demonstrates superior risk-adjusted returns with a Sharpe ratio of 1.85, Information ratio of 0.92, and maximum drawdown reduction of 18.7 % compared to benchmark indices. Tail risk metrics show CVaR improvements of 24.3 % through optimal derivative overlay strategies. The integrated system provides real-time risk monitoring, stress testing capabilities, and automated rebalancing mechanisms for institutional asset managers.
{"title":"Integrated financial risk management framework: A quantitative portfolio optimization analysis","authors":"Jiayang Wang , Zhuoyang Zhao , Li Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.107663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.107663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research develops a comprehensive financial risk management framework integrating multiple asset classes and derivative instruments for institutional portfolio optimization. The study employs advanced quantitative methods including Value-at-Risk (VaR), Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR), and stochastic optimization to construct resilient investment portfolios under market uncertainty. We analyze risk-return tradeoffs across equity, fixed-income, commodity, and alternative investment vehicles while incorporating dynamic hedging strategies. Using Monte Carlo simulation and copula-based dependency modeling, we assess portfolio performance under various macroeconomic scenarios including inflation shocks, interest rate volatility, and currency fluctuations. The framework demonstrates superior risk-adjusted returns with a Sharpe ratio of 1.85, Information ratio of 0.92, and maximum drawdown reduction of 18.7 % compared to benchmark indices. Tail risk metrics show CVaR improvements of 24.3 % through optimal derivative overlay strategies. The integrated system provides real-time risk monitoring, stress testing capabilities, and automated rebalancing mechanisms for institutional asset managers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 107663"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.csite.2026.107727
Shifan Luo , Weili Li , Baowang Huang , Jianfeng Hong , Lianxin Wang , Haibin Wang
Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) in electric vehicles operate within highly constrained installation spaces, leading to compact volumes, elevated stator winding current densities, increased losses, and a heightened risk of excessive local temperature rise. This paper investigates a 250 kW double-V interior PMSM for electric vehicle applications. A three-dimensional lumped parameter thermal network (LPTN) model of a single-port housing water jacket cooled PMSM is first developed for both constant-torque and constant-power operating regions. Thermal resistance parameters and heat transfer coefficients for each component are incorporated to calculate the temperature distribution of the stator windings and permanent magnets. To mitigate end-winding overheating under single-port cooling, a dual-port configuration combining housing water jacket cooling and outer-surface oil spray for the end-windings is proposed, and its corresponding LPTN model is established. The hotspot temperature migration under combined water-oil cooling is analyzed. Furthermore, to minimize the temperature difference between the inner and outer end-winding surfaces and enhance rotor cooling, a shaft oil-slinging path is introduced. Integrating this with the previous two methods forms a three-port hybrid cooling architecture that enables coordinated temperature control of the stator straight section, end-windings, and rotor shaft system. During model development, an innovative thermal management evaluation method and an “environmental envelope” concept are incorporated into the LPTN framework to unify the heat exchange boundary between multiple cooling paths and the ambient environment, thereby improving calculation accuracy and model scalability. Finally, an experimental platform for stator-rotor temperature measurement is built. Temperature tests under various operating conditions are compared with simulation results, confirming the accuracy and validity of the proposed three-port cooling LPTN model. The results provide theoretical guidance and engineering reference for temperature rise control and cooling system optimization in high-speed, high-power-density PMSMs for electric vehicles.
{"title":"Study on temperature distribution of permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles under three-port hybrid cooling structure","authors":"Shifan Luo , Weili Li , Baowang Huang , Jianfeng Hong , Lianxin Wang , Haibin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.107727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2026.107727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) in electric vehicles operate within highly constrained installation spaces, leading to compact volumes, elevated stator winding current densities, increased losses, and a heightened risk of excessive local temperature rise. This paper investigates a 250 kW double-V interior PMSM for electric vehicle applications. A three-dimensional lumped parameter thermal network (LPTN) model of a single-port housing water jacket cooled PMSM is first developed for both constant-torque and constant-power operating regions. Thermal resistance parameters and heat transfer coefficients for each component are incorporated to calculate the temperature distribution of the stator windings and permanent magnets. To mitigate end-winding overheating under single-port cooling, a dual-port configuration combining housing water jacket cooling and outer-surface oil spray for the end-windings is proposed, and its corresponding LPTN model is established. The hotspot temperature migration under combined water-oil cooling is analyzed. Furthermore, to minimize the temperature difference between the inner and outer end-winding surfaces and enhance rotor cooling, a shaft oil-slinging path is introduced. Integrating this with the previous two methods forms a three-port hybrid cooling architecture that enables coordinated temperature control of the stator straight section, end-windings, and rotor shaft system. During model development, an innovative thermal management evaluation method and an “environmental envelope” concept are incorporated into the LPTN framework to unify the heat exchange boundary between multiple cooling paths and the ambient environment, thereby improving calculation accuracy and model scalability. Finally, an experimental platform for stator-rotor temperature measurement is built. Temperature tests under various operating conditions are compared with simulation results, confirming the accuracy and validity of the proposed three-port cooling LPTN model. The results provide theoretical guidance and engineering reference for temperature rise control and cooling system optimization in high-speed, high-power-density PMSMs for electric vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 107727"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146047878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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