This study analyzes the consequences of first-order chemical reactions, radiation, and viscous dissipation on the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic natural convective flow of a viscous incompressible fluid over a vertically positioned semi-boundless oscillating plate with uniform mass diffusion and temperature. To solve a set of dimensionless, coupled, nonlinear partial differential equations, an implicit finite-difference technique is employed. The numerical results for fluid velocity, concentration, and temperature at the plate under different dimensionless parameters are graphically displayed. Due to first-order homogeneous chemical reactions, it has been discovered that the velocity rises at the time of a generative reaction and drops during a destructive reaction. A decline in velocity is observed with an increase in the phase angle, radiation parameter, and chemical reaction parameter. Further, it has been revealed that the flow behavior is significantly influenced by plate oscillation, radiation, chemical reactions, and the magnetic field.
{"title":"Impact of chemical reaction, viscous dissipation and thermal radiation on MHD flow past an oscillating plate","authors":"R. Rajaraman, R. Muthucumaraswamy","doi":"10.2298/ciceq230526025r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq230526025r","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the consequences of first-order chemical reactions, radiation, and viscous dissipation on the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic natural convective flow of a viscous incompressible fluid over a vertically positioned semi-boundless oscillating plate with uniform mass diffusion and temperature. To solve a set of dimensionless, coupled, nonlinear partial differential equations, an implicit finite-difference technique is employed. The numerical results for fluid velocity, concentration, and temperature at the plate under different dimensionless parameters are graphically displayed. Due to first-order homogeneous chemical reactions, it has been discovered that the velocity rises at the time of a generative reaction and drops during a destructive reaction. A decline in velocity is observed with an increase in the phase angle, radiation parameter, and chemical reaction parameter. Further, it has been revealed that the flow behavior is significantly influenced by plate oscillation, radiation, chemical reactions, and the magnetic field.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135952821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The catalytic production of diphenylmethane from the reaction of benzene with benzyl alcohol was investigated using HZSM-12 and desilicated HZSM-12 that was obtained by treating ZSM-12 with 0.2M NaOH solution at 85?C for 60 min. The untreated and alkaline treated ZSM-12 zeolites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia. The desilicated HZSM-12 showed promising catalytic performance with benzyl alcohol conversion of 100 %, selectivity to diphenylmethane of 74 % (in 4 h reaction time), and that of 87 % (in 8 h reaction time). The reaction parameters affecting benzyl alcohol conversion and product distribution were also presented. The activities of fresh and regenerated catalysts were compared and characterization results indicated that the occluded organic molecules decreased the number of acidic sites of the catalyst after the reaction and regeneration.
{"title":"Catalytic performance of desilicated HZSM-12 for benzylation reaction of benzene with benzyl alcohol","authors":"S. Akyalcin, L. Akyalçın, M. Bjørgen","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220620006a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220620006a","url":null,"abstract":"The catalytic production of diphenylmethane from the reaction of benzene with benzyl alcohol was investigated using HZSM-12 and desilicated HZSM-12 that was obtained by treating ZSM-12 with 0.2M NaOH solution at 85?C for 60 min. The untreated and alkaline treated ZSM-12 zeolites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia. The desilicated HZSM-12 showed promising catalytic performance with benzyl alcohol conversion of 100 %, selectivity to diphenylmethane of 74 % (in 4 h reaction time), and that of 87 % (in 8 h reaction time). The reaction parameters affecting benzyl alcohol conversion and product distribution were also presented. The activities of fresh and regenerated catalysts were compared and characterization results indicated that the occluded organic molecules decreased the number of acidic sites of the catalyst after the reaction and regeneration.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ananthakumar, R. Barathiraja, J. Thiyagaraj, M. Mathanbabu
The primary aim of this study is to alternate between conventional fossil fuels and reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases and smoke from the diesel engine. The current study aimed to improve the performance and emission characteristics of a VCR diesel engine operated with hybrid biodiesel. Experiments were done with the best hybrid biodiesel, which was made by mixing 20% RSO with 80% WPO. The tests were done at four compression ratios: 16:1, 17:1, 18:1, and 20:1. Under a compression ratio (CR) of 20:1 and at full load, the engine?s brake thermal efficiency went up by 30.5%, its brake-specific fuel consumption went down by 0.347 kg/kW-hr, and notably diminished emissions of carbon monoxide (0.43% volume), hydrocarbons (79 ppm), and smoke (22%). However, with increasing compression ratios, NOx emissions rose unfavourably (1092 ppm) compared to diesel (820 ppm). Also, diesel and clean waste plastic oil were compared to see how the CR values affected combustion, performance, and emissions. Compared to diesel, under maximum load and the CR of 20:1, hybrid biodiesel demonstrated approximately 3.7% higher brake thermal efficiency. The findings suggest potential applications for this hybrid biodiesel in the automobile sector, the power generation industry, and marine applications.
{"title":"Effect of combustion, emission and performance characteristics of hybrid biofuel at different compression ratios","authors":"S. Ananthakumar, R. Barathiraja, J. Thiyagaraj, M. Mathanbabu","doi":"10.2298/ciceq230203024a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq230203024a","url":null,"abstract":"The primary aim of this study is to alternate between conventional fossil fuels and reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases and smoke from the diesel engine. The current study aimed to improve the performance and emission characteristics of a VCR diesel engine operated with hybrid biodiesel. Experiments were done with the best hybrid biodiesel, which was made by mixing 20% RSO with 80% WPO. The tests were done at four compression ratios: 16:1, 17:1, 18:1, and 20:1. Under a compression ratio (CR) of 20:1 and at full load, the engine?s brake thermal efficiency went up by 30.5%, its brake-specific fuel consumption went down by 0.347 kg/kW-hr, and notably diminished emissions of carbon monoxide (0.43% volume), hydrocarbons (79 ppm), and smoke (22%). However, with increasing compression ratios, NOx emissions rose unfavourably (1092 ppm) compared to diesel (820 ppm). Also, diesel and clean waste plastic oil were compared to see how the CR values affected combustion, performance, and emissions. Compared to diesel, under maximum load and the CR of 20:1, hybrid biodiesel demonstrated approximately 3.7% higher brake thermal efficiency. The findings suggest potential applications for this hybrid biodiesel in the automobile sector, the power generation industry, and marine applications.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135401530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work studied the one-step conversion of ethane (C2H6) to ethylene oxide (EO) in an AC parallel plate dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system with two frosted glass plates under ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. EO is directly produced from C2H6 in a single step without the requirement to separate and recycle ethylene. The effects of the applied voltage, input frequency, and O2/C2H6 feed molar ratio on the EO synthesis performance were examined. The results showed that a higher applied voltage and lower input frequency generated more highly energetic electrons, resulting in a higher current. More electrons collided with reactant gas molecules to initiate plasma reactions, leading to increases in C2H6 and O2 conversions. The increased O2/C2H6 feed molar ratio enhanced both C2H6 and O2 conversions. The optimum conditions were found to be an applied voltage of 7 kV, input frequency of 550 Hz, and O2/C2H6 feed molar ratio of 1:1, which demonstrated the highest EO selectivity (42.6%), EO yield (19.4%), and lowest power consumption per EO molecule produced (6.7 x 10-18 Ws/molecule).
本文研究了在常温常压条件下，由两块磨砂玻璃板组成的交流平行板介质阻挡放电(DBD)系统中乙烷(C2H6)一步转化为环氧乙烷(EO)的过程。环氧乙烷直接由C2H6一步制得，不需要分离和回收乙烯。考察了施加电压、输入频率和O2/C2H6进料摩尔比对环氧乙烷合成性能的影响。结果表明，较高的施加电压和较低的输入频率会产生更多的高能电子，从而产生较大的电流。更多的电子与反应物气体分子碰撞，引发等离子体反应，导致C2H6和O2转化的增加。O2/C2H6进料摩尔比的增加提高了C2H6和O2的转化率。结果表明，在电压为7 kV，输入频率为550 Hz, O2/C2H6摩尔比为1:1的条件下，环氧乙烷选择性最高(42.6%)，收率最高(19.4%)，每分子环氧乙烷的功耗最低(6.7 x 10-18 w /分子)。
{"title":"One-step conversion of ethane to ethylene oxide in ac parallel plate dielectric barrier discharge","authors":"Thitiporn Suttikul, Sirimas Manthung, Sasikarn Nuchdang, Dussadee Rattanaphra, Thongchai Photsathian","doi":"10.2298/ciceq230228026s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq230228026s","url":null,"abstract":"This work studied the one-step conversion of ethane (C2H6) to ethylene oxide (EO) in an AC parallel plate dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system with two frosted glass plates under ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. EO is directly produced from C2H6 in a single step without the requirement to separate and recycle ethylene. The effects of the applied voltage, input frequency, and O2/C2H6 feed molar ratio on the EO synthesis performance were examined. The results showed that a higher applied voltage and lower input frequency generated more highly energetic electrons, resulting in a higher current. More electrons collided with reactant gas molecules to initiate plasma reactions, leading to increases in C2H6 and O2 conversions. The increased O2/C2H6 feed molar ratio enhanced both C2H6 and O2 conversions. The optimum conditions were found to be an applied voltage of 7 kV, input frequency of 550 Hz, and O2/C2H6 feed molar ratio of 1:1, which demonstrated the highest EO selectivity (42.6%), EO yield (19.4%), and lowest power consumption per EO molecule produced (6.7 x 10-18 Ws/molecule).","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135956279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two modes of electrochemical harvesting for microalgae were investigated in the current work. A sacrificial anode (aluminum) was used to study the electrocoagulation-flotation process, and a nonsacrificial anode (graphite) was used to investigate the electroflotation process. The study inspected the effect of chloride ions concentration and the interelectrode distance on the performance of the electrochemical harvesting processes. The results demonstrated that both electrodes achieved maximum harvesting efficiency with a 2 g/L NaCl concentration. Interestingly, by increasing the NaCl concentration to 5 g/L, the harvesting efficiency reduced dramatically to its lowest value. Generally, the energy consumption decreased with increasing of NaCl concentration. Moreover, the energy consumption achieved with aluminum anodes is lower than that achieved with graphite. However, by increasing the gap between the electrodes from 15 mm to 30 mm, the time required to achieve the maximum efficiency doubled, and energy consumption increased consequently.
{"title":"Electrochemical harvesting of Chlorella sp.: Electrolyte concentration and interelectrode distance","authors":"Atheer Al-Yaqoobi, Muna Al-Rikabey","doi":"10.2298/ciceq210815010a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq210815010a","url":null,"abstract":"Two modes of electrochemical harvesting for microalgae were investigated in the current work. A sacrificial anode (aluminum) was used to study the electrocoagulation-flotation process, and a nonsacrificial anode (graphite) was used to investigate the electroflotation process. The study inspected the effect of chloride ions concentration and the interelectrode distance on the performance of the electrochemical harvesting processes. The results demonstrated that both electrodes achieved maximum harvesting efficiency with a 2 g/L NaCl concentration. Interestingly, by increasing the NaCl concentration to 5 g/L, the harvesting efficiency reduced dramatically to its lowest value. Generally, the energy consumption decreased with increasing of NaCl concentration. Moreover, the energy consumption achieved with aluminum anodes is lower than that achieved with graphite. However, by increasing the gap between the electrodes from 15 mm to 30 mm, the time required to achieve the maximum efficiency doubled, and energy consumption increased consequently.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134902454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to determine whether drying is a suitable preservation method for gilaburu fruit and to determine the changes in the bioactive components of gilaburu fruit (Viburnum opulus L.) at the end of the drying process. In this study, gilaburu fruits were dried in cabinet dryer at different temperatures (50,60 and 70?C). The analyses of trans-resveratrol, water-soluble vitamins, organic acids and phenolic compounds were made by using the HPLC method while total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity were spectrophotometric. As a result of drying of gilaburu fruit at 50, 60 and 70?C, the highest component loss was observed at 70?C. A loss of 73.64% and 84.08%, respectively, was detected in the total phenolic substance and antioxidant capacity content of gilaburu fruit after drying at 70?C. While the trans-resveratrol content was 1.26?0.05 (g/100 g dry weight (DW)) in fresh fruit, it reduced to 0.31?0.03, 0.30?0.01 and 0.21?0.01 after drying at 50, 60 and 70?C, respectively. In terms of vitamins, the highest loss was seen in niacin. The contents of ascorbic acid, pyridoxine, niacin and thiamine contents of fresh gilaburu fruit decreased from 0.78, 3.14, 0.12 and 0.30 g/100 g to 0.24, 0.75, 0 and 0.14 g/100 g, respectively, after drying at 70?C. In addition, drying kinetics of water-soluble vitamins, total phenolic contents, antioxidant activity and trans-resveratrol were modeled. The Page model best described the drying behavior of fruits at 70?C, and the Parabolic model at both 50?C and 60?. Thermal degradation of water-soluble vitamins, total phenolic contents, antioxidant activity and trans-resveratrol were fitted the first-order kinetic model.
{"title":"Hot-air drying and degradation kinetics of bioactive compounds of gilaburu (Viburnum opulus L.) fruit","authors":"Aslı Dönmez, Ç. Kadakal","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220614011d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220614011d","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to determine whether drying is a suitable preservation method for gilaburu fruit and to determine the changes in the bioactive components of gilaburu fruit (Viburnum opulus L.) at the end of the drying process. In this study, gilaburu fruits were dried in cabinet dryer at different temperatures (50,60 and 70?C). The analyses of trans-resveratrol, water-soluble vitamins, organic acids and phenolic compounds were made by using the HPLC method while total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity were spectrophotometric. As a result of drying of gilaburu fruit at 50, 60 and 70?C, the highest component loss was observed at 70?C. A loss of 73.64% and 84.08%, respectively, was detected in the total phenolic substance and antioxidant capacity content of gilaburu fruit after drying at 70?C. While the trans-resveratrol content was 1.26?0.05 (g/100 g dry weight (DW)) in fresh fruit, it reduced to 0.31?0.03, 0.30?0.01 and 0.21?0.01 after drying at 50, 60 and 70?C, respectively. In terms of vitamins, the highest loss was seen in niacin. The contents of ascorbic acid, pyridoxine, niacin and thiamine contents of fresh gilaburu fruit decreased from 0.78, 3.14, 0.12 and 0.30 g/100 g to 0.24, 0.75, 0 and 0.14 g/100 g, respectively, after drying at 70?C. In addition, drying kinetics of water-soluble vitamins, total phenolic contents, antioxidant activity and trans-resveratrol were modeled. The Page model best described the drying behavior of fruits at 70?C, and the Parabolic model at both 50?C and 60?. Thermal degradation of water-soluble vitamins, total phenolic contents, antioxidant activity and trans-resveratrol were fitted the first-order kinetic model.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerical simulations of the flow surrounding particle agglomerates were carried out using computational fluid dynamics to assess the ability of five RANS turbulence models to estimate the drag coefficient in particle agglomerates. Simulations were carried out in steady conditions for Reynolds numbers between 1 and 1500. Streamlines showed that symmetrical agglomerates present a velocity profile similar to the single sphere profile. Results showed that both Spalart-Allmaras and SST k-? turbulence models can represent the flow profile not only in the regions near and far from the walls of the agglomerates but also the wake region in the rear of the agglomerates. The RNG k-? model showed poor quality to predict both the velocity profile and the drag coefficient. The drag coefficient obtained by simulations presented a trend better represented by the Tran-Cong model, also showing that deviations from the predictions decreased as the packing density of the agglomerate increased. The use of steady RANS simulations showed to be a feasible and efficient method to predict, with low computational cost, the drag coefficient in particle agglomerates. For the transition and turbulent flows, results presented good agreement, with deviations between -15% and 13%, while for lower Reynolds numbers, deviations varied between -25% and 5%.
{"title":"Numerical study of turbulence on drag coefficient determination for particle agglomerates","authors":"R. Oliveira, J.H. Zanata, G. Lopes","doi":"10.2298/ciceq221206021o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq221206021o","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical simulations of the flow surrounding particle agglomerates were carried out using computational fluid dynamics to assess the ability of five RANS turbulence models to estimate the drag coefficient in particle agglomerates. Simulations were carried out in steady conditions for Reynolds numbers between 1 and 1500. Streamlines showed that symmetrical agglomerates present a velocity profile similar to the single sphere profile. Results showed that both Spalart-Allmaras and SST k-? turbulence models can represent the flow profile not only in the regions near and far from the walls of the agglomerates but also the wake region in the rear of the agglomerates. The RNG k-? model showed poor quality to predict both the velocity profile and the drag coefficient. The drag coefficient obtained by simulations presented a trend better represented by the Tran-Cong model, also showing that deviations from the predictions decreased as the packing density of the agglomerate increased. The use of steady RANS simulations showed to be a feasible and efficient method to predict, with low computational cost, the drag coefficient in particle agglomerates. For the transition and turbulent flows, results presented good agreement, with deviations between -15% and 13%, while for lower Reynolds numbers, deviations varied between -25% and 5%.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68463188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present work aims to retrofit an existing Egyptian oilfield plant to improve desalter performance and reduce the power of crude oil shipping pumps. In this work waste heat in disposed water that represents a value is used in heating brackish water injected over desalter and in heating crude oil before shipping. ASPEN HYSYS version 11 simulation software was used. The retrofit of the considered oilfield plant is based on the implementation of two new heat exchangers to recover waste heat in the disposed water. The results showed that the use of waste heat in heating the brackish water in the desalter from 30 to 71.11?C will increase the operating temperature of the desalter and thus increase the sedimentation and separation rate. On the other hand, using waste heat in heating the crude oil before shipping from 37.78 to 71.11?C reduces the oil viscosity from 1.536 to 0.9735 cSt. Reducing the viscosity of the crude oil will reduce the pressure drop of the shipping pumps, and therefore the power required to pump the oil will be reduced. The presented retrofit design can be used as a guide in upgrading existing plants and plants under the design phase.
{"title":"Energy saving in oilfields by using waste heat in the disposed water","authors":"W. Shehata, M. Helal, F. Gad","doi":"10.2298/ciceq211201019s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq211201019s","url":null,"abstract":"The present work aims to retrofit an existing Egyptian oilfield plant to improve desalter performance and reduce the power of crude oil shipping pumps. In this work waste heat in disposed water that represents a value is used in heating brackish water injected over desalter and in heating crude oil before shipping. ASPEN HYSYS version 11 simulation software was used. The retrofit of the considered oilfield plant is based on the implementation of two new heat exchangers to recover waste heat in the disposed water. The results showed that the use of waste heat in heating the brackish water in the desalter from 30 to 71.11?C will increase the operating temperature of the desalter and thus increase the sedimentation and separation rate. On the other hand, using waste heat in heating the crude oil before shipping from 37.78 to 71.11?C reduces the oil viscosity from 1.536 to 0.9735 cSt. Reducing the viscosity of the crude oil will reduce the pressure drop of the shipping pumps, and therefore the power required to pump the oil will be reduced. The presented retrofit design can be used as a guide in upgrading existing plants and plants under the design phase.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alanna de Moraes, Gabriela Oliveira Poncinelli, Aron Seixas Rodrigues, Couto do Couto, S. Fávaro, Rita de Colman
The successful synthesis of AMn2O4 (A = Co, Cu and Ni) spinels via solution combustion synthesis was achieved in less time than other methods. All catalysts with the same nitrate fuel ratio were used in the oxidation of toluene and the relationship between their proprieties and activities was investigated. Among all, nickel manganite exhibited the most promising activity and by changing the fuel ratio, it was sought to obtain the most appropriate structure for the reaction studied. Physico-chemical analysis, were used to define the characteristics of the synthesized catalysts. The results showed the successful synthesis of spinels and indicated that other materials peaks (single oxide phases) exist in the catalyst structure. BET-BJH analyzes reveal the mesoporous structures and given the limitations of the equipment were all classified as less than 10 m2/g. The influence of the urea content used is evidenced by the observation of the images by SEM. The particle size increases as the fuel ratio is higher. Samples of NiMn1.67 and NiMn2.08 showed larger and denser, sparsely dispersed clusters. By simultaneously considering reactor analysis and test results, it was found that the synthesized catalyst with a fuel n ratio of 0.5 has the best performance on toluene oxidation.
用溶液燃烧法合成AMn2O4 (A = Co, Cu和Ni)尖晶石的时间比其他方法短。采用相同硝态氮燃料比的各种催化剂进行甲苯氧化反应，考察了其性能与活性的关系。其中，锰镍矿表现出最有希望的活性，通过改变燃料比，寻求获得最适合所研究反应的结构。通过理化分析，确定了合成催化剂的性质。结果表明，尖晶石的成功合成表明，催化剂结构中存在其他材料峰(单氧化物相)。BET-BJH分析揭示了介孔结构，并且考虑到设备的限制，都被归类为小于10 m2/g。用扫描电镜观察了尿素含量的影响。颗粒尺寸随燃料比的增大而增大。NiMn1.67和NiMn2.08样品显示出更大、更密集、稀疏分散的簇。同时考虑反应器分析和试验结果，发现燃料n比为0.5的合成催化剂对甲苯的氧化性能最好。
{"title":"Study of catalytic oxidation of toluene using Cu-Mn, Co-Mn and Ni-Mn mixed oxides catalysts","authors":"Alanna de Moraes, Gabriela Oliveira Poncinelli, Aron Seixas Rodrigues, Couto do Couto, S. Fávaro, Rita de Colman","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220419031m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220419031m","url":null,"abstract":"The successful synthesis of AMn2O4 (A = Co, Cu and Ni) spinels via solution combustion synthesis was achieved in less time than other methods. All catalysts with the same nitrate fuel ratio were used in the oxidation of toluene and the relationship between their proprieties and activities was investigated. Among all, nickel manganite exhibited the most promising activity and by changing the fuel ratio, it was sought to obtain the most appropriate structure for the reaction studied. Physico-chemical analysis, were used to define the characteristics of the synthesized catalysts. The results showed the successful synthesis of spinels and indicated that other materials peaks (single oxide phases) exist in the catalyst structure. BET-BJH analyzes reveal the mesoporous structures and given the limitations of the equipment were all classified as less than 10 m2/g. The influence of the urea content used is evidenced by the observation of the images by SEM. The particle size increases as the fuel ratio is higher. Samples of NiMn1.67 and NiMn2.08 showed larger and denser, sparsely dispersed clusters. By simultaneously considering reactor analysis and test results, it was found that the synthesized catalyst with a fuel n ratio of 0.5 has the best performance on toluene oxidation.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lv Chao, Yin Hongxin, Liu Yanlong, Cheng Xuxin, Sun Minghe, Zhao Hongliang
Spray pyrolysis method has a disadvantage of nozzle plugging and conventional heating model causes a large temperature gradient, which leads to uneven heated reactants. In this study, cerium chloride heptahydrate and Venturi reactor were used as raw material and core equipment, respectively. The technology of microwave heating was combined to prepare single-phase sphere-like cerium oxide. The mean size of the particles was near 80nm. The product was characterized via the technology of XRD, SEM and EDS. The purity, morphology and energy consumption were compared with the conventional spray pyrolysis. Fluent software coupled with HFSS was employed to simulate the effects of different process conditions on products? purity and temperature field in the reactor. There was a good correspondence between experimental and simulated results. The results showed that as gas velocity Vg increased, the tendency of the temperature field distribution did not change. The lowest mass fraction of chlorine element reached 0.13% when the gas inlet velocity reached 1.7 m/s. When the material inlet velocity was 0.05 m/s, the mass fraction of chlorine element was below 0.1%, which indicated that the reactants had a complete reaction. It has been calculated that the heating cost, energy consumption and CO2 emission were decreased sharply, which compared with spray pyrolysis method.
{"title":"Process study of CeO2 preparation by jet-flow pyrolysis via microwave heating","authors":"Lv Chao, Yin Hongxin, Liu Yanlong, Cheng Xuxin, Sun Minghe, Zhao Hongliang","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220510034c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220510034c","url":null,"abstract":"Spray pyrolysis method has a disadvantage of nozzle plugging and conventional heating model causes a large temperature gradient, which leads to uneven heated reactants. In this study, cerium chloride heptahydrate and Venturi reactor were used as raw material and core equipment, respectively. The technology of microwave heating was combined to prepare single-phase sphere-like cerium oxide. The mean size of the particles was near 80nm. The product was characterized via the technology of XRD, SEM and EDS. The purity, morphology and energy consumption were compared with the conventional spray pyrolysis. Fluent software coupled with HFSS was employed to simulate the effects of different process conditions on products? purity and temperature field in the reactor. There was a good correspondence between experimental and simulated results. The results showed that as gas velocity Vg increased, the tendency of the temperature field distribution did not change. The lowest mass fraction of chlorine element reached 0.13% when the gas inlet velocity reached 1.7 m/s. When the material inlet velocity was 0.05 m/s, the mass fraction of chlorine element was below 0.1%, which indicated that the reactants had a complete reaction. It has been calculated that the heating cost, energy consumption and CO2 emission were decreased sharply, which compared with spray pyrolysis method.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：