This study discusses fluoride removal efficiency from phosphogypsum (PG) on lab-scale experiment matrix designed by Box-Behnken method. Temperature, solid/liquid ratio, and time were introduced as factors into various salt solution media to predict the fluoride removal efficiency from PG. Experiment matrices were designed according to salt solution types, namely sea water, 5% NaCl and 10% NaCl solutions. According to the factor- response analysis, results indicate that fluoride removal efficiency and temperature are directly proportional. The optimum fluoride removal conditions based on the experimental data obtained by the multi-variable design matrix were determined by the Design Expert v 12 software, in which temperature, time, and solid/liquid ratio were reported to be 80?C, 3 h and 0,174 in the case of sea water, respectively. 73,31% fluoride removal was predicted via the optimum conditions determined by the software, however experimental validation studies showed an actual 74,99% fluoride removal efficiency. Since the actual vs. predicted data show high consistency, results might also be useful when industrial-scale fluoride removal to a pre-determined level is required prior to a particular use of PG. This study provides a novel pre-industrial scale fluoride removal inventory especially for fertilizer and cement industry, in which PG has a high potential as an alternative raw material and fluoride removal might be of importance in recycling applications.
采用Box-Behnken法对磷石膏(PG)的除氟效果进行了实验研究。以温度、料液比、时间为影响因素，对不同盐溶液介质中PG的除氟效果进行了预测，并根据盐溶液类型，即海水、5% NaCl和10% NaCl，设计了实验基质。因子响应分析结果表明，除氟效率与温度成正比。基于多变量设计矩阵得到的实验数据，通过design Expert v 12软件确定最佳除氟条件，其中温度、时间、料液比为80?在海水的情况下，分别为3 h和0.174 h。通过软件确定的最佳条件预测除氟率为73,31%，但实验验证研究显示实际除氟率为74,99%。由于实际数据与预测数据显示出高度的一致性，因此当工业规模的氟化物去除需要在特定使用PG之前达到预先确定的水平时，结果也可能有用。本研究为化肥和水泥工业提供了一种新的工业规模的氟化物去除清单，其中PG作为替代原料具有很高的潜力，并且氟化物去除在回收应用中可能很重要。
{"title":"Fluoride removal from phosphogypsum: A study on pre-industrial scale and its mathematical analysis","authors":"Cemre Avşar, S. Ertunç","doi":"10.2298/ciceq230203009a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq230203009a","url":null,"abstract":"This study discusses fluoride removal efficiency from phosphogypsum (PG) on lab-scale experiment matrix designed by Box-Behnken method. Temperature, solid/liquid ratio, and time were introduced as factors into various salt solution media to predict the fluoride removal efficiency from PG. Experiment matrices were designed according to salt solution types, namely sea water, 5% NaCl and 10% NaCl solutions. According to the factor- response analysis, results indicate that fluoride removal efficiency and temperature are directly proportional. The optimum fluoride removal conditions based on the experimental data obtained by the multi-variable design matrix were determined by the Design Expert v 12 software, in which temperature, time, and solid/liquid ratio were reported to be 80?C, 3 h and 0,174 in the case of sea water, respectively. 73,31% fluoride removal was predicted via the optimum conditions determined by the software, however experimental validation studies showed an actual 74,99% fluoride removal efficiency. Since the actual vs. predicted data show high consistency, results might also be useful when industrial-scale fluoride removal to a pre-determined level is required prior to a particular use of PG. This study provides a novel pre-industrial scale fluoride removal inventory especially for fertilizer and cement industry, in which PG has a high potential as an alternative raw material and fluoride removal might be of importance in recycling applications.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68463492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ananthakumar, R. Barathiraja, J. Thiyagaraj, M. Ashokkumar
The primary aim of this study is to alternate between conventional fossil fuels and reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases and sulphur dioxide from the diesel engine. In the current study, in order to mitigate NOx emissions, the EGR technique was implemented utilizing hybrid alternate biodiesel at three varying proportions of 5%, 10% and 15% at an optimum compression ratio of 20:1. The findings demonstrate that for a hybrid alternative biodiesel at a compression ratio of 20:1 and fully loaded, the BTHE is 31.8% with 10% EGR. With 15% EGR, the peak pressure for the hybrid biodiesel is lower than it would be without EGR by around 2.28%. When EGR is increased, the ignition delay and NOx emissions are reduced slightly. With only an increase in EGR rates of up to 10%, BSFC values were reduced efficiently. The hybrid biodiesel with 10% EGR achieves a reduction in exhaust gas temperature to 341 ?C.
{"title":"Effects of exhaust gas recirculation on diesel engine using hybrid biodiesel","authors":"S. Ananthakumar, R. Barathiraja, J. Thiyagaraj, M. Ashokkumar","doi":"10.2298/ciceq230303022a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq230303022a","url":null,"abstract":"The primary aim of this study is to alternate between conventional fossil fuels and reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases and sulphur dioxide from the diesel engine. In the current study, in order to mitigate NOx emissions, the EGR technique was implemented utilizing hybrid alternate biodiesel at three varying proportions of 5%, 10% and 15% at an optimum compression ratio of 20:1. The findings demonstrate that for a hybrid alternative biodiesel at a compression ratio of 20:1 and fully loaded, the BTHE is 31.8% with 10% EGR. With 15% EGR, the peak pressure for the hybrid biodiesel is lower than it would be without EGR by around 2.28%. When EGR is increased, the ignition delay and NOx emissions are reduced slightly. With only an increase in EGR rates of up to 10%, BSFC values were reduced efficiently. The hybrid biodiesel with 10% EGR achieves a reduction in exhaust gas temperature to 341 ?C.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68463936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ribeiro Menossi, Leandro da Rin de Sandre, Giancarlo de Souza Dias, Michelle da Cunha Abreu Xavier, A. D. de Almeida, E. D. da Silva, A. Maiorano, Rafael Firmani Perna, Sergio Andres Villalba Morales
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are fructose oligomers that are beneficial to human health and nutrition for being prebiotic sugars. Their production occurs by a transfructosylation reaction in sucrose molecules catalyzed by fructosyltransferase enzymes (FTase, E.C.2.4.1.9) adhered to microbial cells. The purpose of this work was to study the preparation, enzymatic activity, and stability of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked Aspergillus oryzae IPT-301 cells used as biocatalyst for the transfructosylation reaction of sucrose in a packed bed reactor (PBR), aiming at FOS production. The highest transfructosylation activity (AT) was presented by the biocatalyst prepared by crosslinking at 200 rpm and 45 min. The highest AT in the PBR were obtained at 50?C, flow rates from 3 mL min-1 to 5 mL min-1 and sucrose concentrations of 473 g L-1 and 500 g L-1. The enzymatic kinetics was described using the Michaelis-Menten model. Finally, the biocatalyst showed constant AT of approximately 75 U g-1 and 300 U g-1 for 12 h of reaction in the PBR operating in continuous and discontinuous flow, respectively. These results demonstrate a high potential of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked A. oryzae IPT-301 cells as heterogeneous biocatalysts for the continuous production of FOS in PBR reactors.
低聚果糖是一种果糖低聚物，作为益生元糖，对人体健康和营养有益。它们的产生是通过附着在微生物细胞上的果糖基转移酶(FTase, E.C.2.4.1.9)催化蔗糖分子的转果糖基化反应进行的。本研究的目的是研究戊二醛交联米曲霉IPT-301细胞的制备、酶活性和稳定性，该细胞作为生物催化剂在填充床反应器(PBR)中用于蔗糖的转果糖基化反应，以生产FOS。交联制备的生物催化剂在转速为200转/分、转速为45 min时转果糖基化活性最高。C，流速为3ml min-1至5ml min-1，蔗糖浓度为473 g L-1和500 g L-1。采用Michaelis-Menten模型描述酶促动力学。最后，生物催化剂在连续和不连续流动的PBR中反应12小时的恒定AT分别约为75 U g-1和300 U g-1。这些结果表明，戊二醛交联的m.o yzae IPT-301细胞作为PBR反应器中连续生产FOS的非均相生物催化剂具有很高的潜力。
{"title":"Crosslinked whole cells for the sucrose transfructosylation reaction in a continuous reactor","authors":"Ribeiro Menossi, Leandro da Rin de Sandre, Giancarlo de Souza Dias, Michelle da Cunha Abreu Xavier, A. D. de Almeida, E. D. da Silva, A. Maiorano, Rafael Firmani Perna, Sergio Andres Villalba Morales","doi":"10.2298/ciceq221220015m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq221220015m","url":null,"abstract":"Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are fructose oligomers that are beneficial to human health and nutrition for being prebiotic sugars. Their production occurs by a transfructosylation reaction in sucrose molecules catalyzed by fructosyltransferase enzymes (FTase, E.C.2.4.1.9) adhered to microbial cells. The purpose of this work was to study the preparation, enzymatic activity, and stability of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked Aspergillus oryzae IPT-301 cells used as biocatalyst for the transfructosylation reaction of sucrose in a packed bed reactor (PBR), aiming at FOS production. The highest transfructosylation activity (AT) was presented by the biocatalyst prepared by crosslinking at 200 rpm and 45 min. The highest AT in the PBR were obtained at 50?C, flow rates from 3 mL min-1 to 5 mL min-1 and sucrose concentrations of 473 g L-1 and 500 g L-1. The enzymatic kinetics was described using the Michaelis-Menten model. Finally, the biocatalyst showed constant AT of approximately 75 U g-1 and 300 U g-1 for 12 h of reaction in the PBR operating in continuous and discontinuous flow, respectively. These results demonstrate a high potential of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked A. oryzae IPT-301 cells as heterogeneous biocatalysts for the continuous production of FOS in PBR reactors.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68463426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irena Rakic, Ž. Kevrešan, Renata Kovač, S. Kravić, Z. Svirčev, Ana Djurovic, Z. Stojanović
Nowadays various industrial and urban activities are resulting in discharging of enormous quantities of various pollutants and their accumulation in the environment. Considering that the presence of heavy metals in wastewater is a serious threat to the environment and human health and that conventional methods for their removal are not highly efficient, the current study mainly focuses to estimate cyanobacterial capability to accumulate different heavy metals from water and compare bioaccumulation and biosorption processes. Cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. was used and five heavy metals were selected for this experiment (Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Zn2+). Examined concentrations of HMs were 20, 80 and 200 mg/dm3 for the bioaccumulation study while for biosorption experiments 20 and 80 mg/dm3 of each HMs were used. Living cells of Nostoc sp. have the highest affinity for Pb2+ (98.15%) and Cu2+ (95.14%) removal from the solution by bioaccumulation. During the biosorption process, dried biomass of Nostoc sp., besides Pb2+ (92.27%) and Cu2+ (96.00%), shows a high affinity for Cd2+ (91.00%) removal. Living cyanobacterial cells of Nostoc sp. was capable to accumulate 82% of Zn, while dried biomass adsorbs 87% of Zn2+. The highest bioaccumulation of Ni2+ was only 38% while using the process of biosorption it was significantly higher (63.80%). These results could provide a preliminary study for further investigation in the direction of the development of immobilized biosorbents which could be used for industrial effluent treatment.
{"title":"Bioaccumulation and biosorption study of heavy metals removal by Cyanobacteria Nostoc sp.","authors":"Irena Rakic, Ž. Kevrešan, Renata Kovač, S. Kravić, Z. Svirčev, Ana Djurovic, Z. Stojanović","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220511002r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220511002r","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays various industrial and urban activities are resulting in discharging of enormous quantities of various pollutants and their accumulation in the environment. Considering that the presence of heavy metals in wastewater is a serious threat to the environment and human health and that conventional methods for their removal are not highly efficient, the current study mainly focuses to estimate cyanobacterial capability to accumulate different heavy metals from water and compare bioaccumulation and biosorption processes. Cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. was used and five heavy metals were selected for this experiment (Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Zn2+). Examined concentrations of HMs were 20, 80 and 200 mg/dm3 for the bioaccumulation study while for biosorption experiments 20 and 80 mg/dm3 of each HMs were used. Living cells of Nostoc sp. have the highest affinity for Pb2+ (98.15%) and Cu2+ (95.14%) removal from the solution by bioaccumulation. During the biosorption process, dried biomass of Nostoc sp., besides Pb2+ (92.27%) and Cu2+ (96.00%), shows a high affinity for Cd2+ (91.00%) removal. Living cyanobacterial cells of Nostoc sp. was capable to accumulate 82% of Zn, while dried biomass adsorbs 87% of Zn2+. The highest bioaccumulation of Ni2+ was only 38% while using the process of biosorption it was significantly higher (63.80%). These results could provide a preliminary study for further investigation in the direction of the development of immobilized biosorbents which could be used for industrial effluent treatment.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dayse da Silva, J. V. F. L. Cavalcanti, Adalberto Freire Júnior do Nascimento, S. Peres, Marileide Alves, M. Benachour
The potential of biogas production using fish waste (FW) and its effect on greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction and on energy production were evaluated on this research. FW was co-digested with anaerobic sewage sludge (SS). The FW was collected in the city of Bragan?a, northern Brazil, in which the fish industry is the main activity with a FW production of approximately 9,000 kg?day-1. The experimental part included five SS/FW ratios, and in two experiments hydrogen was added. The experiments were carried out for 30 days and the effect on the cumulative biogas and methane yields were analyzed. The GHG reduction was estimated using the amount of FW not discarded in the Bragan?a open dump; and the electricity generation was calculated using the methane yield. Besides, two kinetic models were performed. The results presented a GHG reduction of 1,619 tons of CO2e and an electricity production of 372 to 956 MWh?year-1. The analysis of variance indicated that the methane production was highly dependent on the SS/FW ratios which ranged from 76 to 138 mL?gvs-1. Finally, this research showed the benefit of using FW to generate biogas and electricity while reducing GHG emissions in a city where there is no energy project.
{"title":"Biogas production and greenhouse gas mitigation using fish waste from Bragança/Brazil","authors":"Dayse da Silva, J. V. F. L. Cavalcanti, Adalberto Freire Júnior do Nascimento, S. Peres, Marileide Alves, M. Benachour","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220614004s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220614004s","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of biogas production using fish waste (FW) and its effect on greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction and on energy production were evaluated on this research. FW was co-digested with anaerobic sewage sludge (SS). The FW was collected in the city of Bragan?a, northern Brazil, in which the fish industry is the main activity with a FW production of approximately 9,000 kg?day-1. The experimental part included five SS/FW ratios, and in two experiments hydrogen was added. The experiments were carried out for 30 days and the effect on the cumulative biogas and methane yields were analyzed. The GHG reduction was estimated using the amount of FW not discarded in the Bragan?a open dump; and the electricity generation was calculated using the methane yield. Besides, two kinetic models were performed. The results presented a GHG reduction of 1,619 tons of CO2e and an electricity production of 372 to 956 MWh?year-1. The analysis of variance indicated that the methane production was highly dependent on the SS/FW ratios which ranged from 76 to 138 mL?gvs-1. Finally, this research showed the benefit of using FW to generate biogas and electricity while reducing GHG emissions in a city where there is no energy project.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68462794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents modeling of thin layer drying of micropropagated O. basilicum L., some quality characteristics of dried product, and energy consumption analysis for the dryer used. In the statistical analyses, the experimental drying data obtained from a previous article were used. Modeling studies were statistically carried out using the experimental data at 1 m/s airflow rate and at the temperature of 30-50?C. The statistical analysis results showed that Verma equation was the best fit model having the lowest chi-square (?2) and AIC values at all temperatures studied. From statistical analyses using derived drying models, it was found that D9 equation having ?2 value of 0.0146 and AIC value of -528.022 was the best model fitting to experimental data. The total phenolic content, flavonoid, and antioxidant capacity of dried basil samples were measured as 2.538 ? 0.029 mg GAE/g, 2.017 ? 0.088 mg quercetin/g, and 2.263 ? 0.001 mmol TEAC/100 g DW, respectively. From FTIR spectra, dried basil samples had typical functional groups. SEM images showed that a collapse in the surface of the leaves occurred. But, this collapse is not affect the functional groups of the surface of the leaves. From energy consumption analyses, optimum drying optimum drying temperature was found to be 40?C. The SMER, MER, and SEC values calculated from energy consumption analysis at 40?C were 0.0043 kg/kWh, 0.0007 kg/h, and 234.81 kWh/kg, respectively.
{"title":"Investigation of the thin layer drying of micropropagated Ocimum basilicum L: Modeling by derived equations, quality characteristics, and energy efficiency","authors":"M. Kalender, A. Topdemir","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220722003k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220722003k","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents modeling of thin layer drying of micropropagated O. basilicum L., some quality characteristics of dried product, and energy consumption analysis for the dryer used. In the statistical analyses, the experimental drying data obtained from a previous article were used. Modeling studies were statistically carried out using the experimental data at 1 m/s airflow rate and at the temperature of 30-50?C. The statistical analysis results showed that Verma equation was the best fit model having the lowest chi-square (?2) and AIC values at all temperatures studied. From statistical analyses using derived drying models, it was found that D9 equation having ?2 value of 0.0146 and AIC value of -528.022 was the best model fitting to experimental data. The total phenolic content, flavonoid, and antioxidant capacity of dried basil samples were measured as 2.538 ? 0.029 mg GAE/g, 2.017 ? 0.088 mg quercetin/g, and 2.263 ? 0.001 mmol TEAC/100 g DW, respectively. From FTIR spectra, dried basil samples had typical functional groups. SEM images showed that a collapse in the surface of the leaves occurred. But, this collapse is not affect the functional groups of the surface of the leaves. From energy consumption analyses, optimum drying optimum drying temperature was found to be 40?C. The SMER, MER, and SEC values calculated from energy consumption analysis at 40?C were 0.0043 kg/kWh, 0.0007 kg/h, and 234.81 kWh/kg, respectively.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68463132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The machining of extremely hard material in conventional machining requires high energy. Therefore stress-free, burr-free, and high-accuracy machining technique like Electro Chemical Micro Machining (ECMM) with extra features is recommended. To improve efficiency, various electrolytes such as Magnet Associated Electrolytes (MGAE), Metal Particle Mixed Electrolytes (MPME), and Carbon Pellets Mixed Electrolytes (CPME) are employed. The micro-holes were drilled over the work material MONEL 400 alloy. The parameters for the studies are electrolyte type, concentration (g/l), machining voltage (V), and duty cycle (%). The responses of ECMM are estimated through material removal rate (MRR) in ?m/sec and overcut in ?m. The results are optimized using Multi-objective optimization based on ratio analysis (MOORA) and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR). Both techniques produce the same optimal parameter, 18th experiment CPME, 50% duty cycle, 11 V machining voltage, and 28 g/l electrolyte concentration. It is the best optimal parameter solution for machining. According to the ANOVA table of both, the type of electrolyte plays a 62.6 % and 60.37% contribution, respectively, to machining performance. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image analysis perused on the micro holes to extend the effect of different electrolytes on machining surfaces.
{"title":"Experimental investigation of micro-ECM on MONEL 400 alloy using particles mixed electrolyte","authors":"L. Gokulanathan, A. Jegan","doi":"10.2298/ciceq221115013g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq221115013g","url":null,"abstract":"The machining of extremely hard material in conventional machining requires high energy. Therefore stress-free, burr-free, and high-accuracy machining technique like Electro Chemical Micro Machining (ECMM) with extra features is recommended. To improve efficiency, various electrolytes such as Magnet Associated Electrolytes (MGAE), Metal Particle Mixed Electrolytes (MPME), and Carbon Pellets Mixed Electrolytes (CPME) are employed. The micro-holes were drilled over the work material MONEL 400 alloy. The parameters for the studies are electrolyte type, concentration (g/l), machining voltage (V), and duty cycle (%). The responses of ECMM are estimated through material removal rate (MRR) in ?m/sec and overcut in ?m. The results are optimized using Multi-objective optimization based on ratio analysis (MOORA) and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR). Both techniques produce the same optimal parameter, 18th experiment CPME, 50% duty cycle, 11 V machining voltage, and 28 g/l electrolyte concentration. It is the best optimal parameter solution for machining. According to the ANOVA table of both, the type of electrolyte plays a 62.6 % and 60.37% contribution, respectively, to machining performance. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image analysis perused on the micro holes to extend the effect of different electrolytes on machining surfaces.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68463159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Bensebia, F. Chaouche, O. Bensebia, S. Moustefaï
In this work, the hydrodynamics of the turbulent bed contractor (TBC) have been studied in terms of bed expansion (Hd/Hst) using a particular approach for the prediction of this important property for the design of such equipment. The study is based on 1604 sets of experimental data of the bed expansion, obtained by varying the operating variables (gas velocity, liquid spray, packing characteristics, static bed height and free opening of the supporting grid. The prediction of the bed expansion necessitates the estimation of gas and liquid holdups. To achieve this, we employed a variety of correlations derived from existing literature, comprising six equations for gas holdup and twenty equations for liquid holdup estimation. Out of a total of 120 cases, bed expansion was estimated, and the accuracy of the model was evaluated by calculating the mean absolute error in percentage (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), correlation coefficient (?XY), and explained variance (VECV). This study enabled the identification of suitable correlations for gas and liquid holdups, leading to predictions with acceptable errors. Furthermore, statistical analysis was employed in a subsequent phase of the study to determine the most appropriate correlations for predicting bed expansion among those proposed by various authors.
{"title":"Bed expansion in turbulent bed contactor: Experiments and prediction","authors":"B. Bensebia, F. Chaouche, O. Bensebia, S. Moustefaï","doi":"10.2298/ciceq230304010b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq230304010b","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the hydrodynamics of the turbulent bed contractor (TBC) have been studied in terms of bed expansion (Hd/Hst) using a particular approach for the prediction of this important property for the design of such equipment. The study is based on 1604 sets of experimental data of the bed expansion, obtained by varying the operating variables (gas velocity, liquid spray, packing characteristics, static bed height and free opening of the supporting grid. The prediction of the bed expansion necessitates the estimation of gas and liquid holdups. To achieve this, we employed a variety of correlations derived from existing literature, comprising six equations for gas holdup and twenty equations for liquid holdup estimation. Out of a total of 120 cases, bed expansion was estimated, and the accuracy of the model was evaluated by calculating the mean absolute error in percentage (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), correlation coefficient (?XY), and explained variance (VECV). This study enabled the identification of suitable correlations for gas and liquid holdups, leading to predictions with acceptable errors. Furthermore, statistical analysis was employed in a subsequent phase of the study to determine the most appropriate correlations for predicting bed expansion among those proposed by various authors.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68463943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The data acquisition from the freeze-drying process is important for obtaining freeze-dried samples with the desired final moisture content under various operating conditions. The current study presents in extensive detail a simple and low-cost methodology for the implementation of a data acquisition system in a laboratory-scale freeze dryer. The results showed that the use of higher drying temperatures (40?C) increased the errors involved in the measurements of the mass of material; nevertheless, the application of correction blank curves statistically significantly reduced those errors. In general, the system developed provided precise and accurate measurements of the temporal changes in the sample mass and temperature, and chamber pressure variations, allowing monitoring of the production process of freeze-dried samples with low final moisture contents.
{"title":"System development for monitoring the production process of freeze-dried samples: A simple and low-cost approach","authors":"Vanessa Dal-Bó, Heitor Nogueira Altino, J. Freire","doi":"10.2298/ciceq220821016d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220821016d","url":null,"abstract":"The data acquisition from the freeze-drying process is important for obtaining freeze-dried samples with the desired final moisture content under various operating conditions. The current study presents in extensive detail a simple and low-cost methodology for the implementation of a data acquisition system in a laboratory-scale freeze dryer. The results showed that the use of higher drying temperatures (40?C) increased the errors involved in the measurements of the mass of material; nevertheless, the application of correction blank curves statistically significantly reduced those errors. In general, the system developed provided precise and accurate measurements of the temporal changes in the sample mass and temperature, and chamber pressure variations, allowing monitoring of the production process of freeze-dried samples with low final moisture contents.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68463261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present numerical study aims to present the effect of using a titled oscillating thin plate with different angles of inclination on the Al2O3-water nanofluid flow and heat transfer performance. The subsequent work establishes methods for forming fluid-structure interactions by impact of Al2O3-water nanofluid at 0.1-1.0 vol. % volume fraction upon the thin plate using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4. The turbulent model is solved using the (k-?) model and the assembly of the flow around the thin plate obstacle has been confirmed at Reynolds number of Re=4?104. It exemplifies how Nanofluid flow interaction can distort structures. The current study donates to the study of the turbulent, two-dimensional, stationary and incompressible flow around an oscillating thin plate that has inclined angles with upstream and downstream that mounted inside a horizontal channel. The numerical study includes investigation the effect of five inclination angles of the thin plate as (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150?) on the pressure, velocity, and temperatures contours of the Al2O3-water nanofluid. Also, the study presented the profile of the drag and left force of the thin plate that causing by the fluid flow. The results showed that the occurrence of a titled oscillating thin plate inside the flow direction leads to an increase pressure drop, von mises deformation stress, x-displacement and drag force fields and the Nusselt number. Where the pressure increased from 2.61?103 to 6.21?103 pa, the von mises stress increased from 4.43?106 to 1.78?107 N/m, and the X-displacement increased from 1.6 to 5.5 mm when increasing the plate angle from 30 to 90?.
{"title":"Numerical simulation of the oscillating thin plate impact on nanofluids flow in channel","authors":"K. Jehhef, M. Rasheed, M. Siba","doi":"10.2298/ciceq230401017j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ciceq230401017j","url":null,"abstract":"The present numerical study aims to present the effect of using a titled oscillating thin plate with different angles of inclination on the Al2O3-water nanofluid flow and heat transfer performance. The subsequent work establishes methods for forming fluid-structure interactions by impact of Al2O3-water nanofluid at 0.1-1.0 vol. % volume fraction upon the thin plate using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4. The turbulent model is solved using the (k-?) model and the assembly of the flow around the thin plate obstacle has been confirmed at Reynolds number of Re=4?104. It exemplifies how Nanofluid flow interaction can distort structures. The current study donates to the study of the turbulent, two-dimensional, stationary and incompressible flow around an oscillating thin plate that has inclined angles with upstream and downstream that mounted inside a horizontal channel. The numerical study includes investigation the effect of five inclination angles of the thin plate as (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150?) on the pressure, velocity, and temperatures contours of the Al2O3-water nanofluid. Also, the study presented the profile of the drag and left force of the thin plate that causing by the fluid flow. The results showed that the occurrence of a titled oscillating thin plate inside the flow direction leads to an increase pressure drop, von mises deformation stress, x-displacement and drag force fields and the Nusselt number. Where the pressure increased from 2.61?103 to 6.21?103 pa, the von mises stress increased from 4.43?106 to 1.78?107 N/m, and the X-displacement increased from 1.6 to 5.5 mm when increasing the plate angle from 30 to 90?.","PeriodicalId":9716,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68463514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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