Chemical Engineering Journal Advances最新文献_第8页

Improving sensitive-reactant efficiency in site-specific PEGylation via semi-batch processing: simulation-based evaluation under throughput constraints 通过半批处理提高位点特异性聚乙二醇化的敏感反应物效率：在吞吐量限制下基于模拟的评估

IF 7.1 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100965

Salem Alkanaimsh , Abdullah M. AlSalal

Semi-batch reactors are preferred for highly exothermic reactions, consecutive/parallel reaction networks, and sensitive reactants. For instance, site-specific PEGylation can benefit from semi-batch reactions through the feeding of sensitive, activated methoxy maleimide polyethylene glycol (MAL-PEG) esters into the reactor. Batch-mode PEGylation with a MAL-PEG:protein molar ratio of 10:1 considerably affects PEGylated protein’s cost of goods. Herein, we aimed to reduce the total required amount of MAL-PEG for equivalent throughput by feeding MAL-PEG into the reaction. Excess initial MAL-PEG was ineffective because of deactivation and lack of native protein recovery scheme from the discharge. Introducing a native protein recovery and ensuring excess protein notably decreased the required MAL-PEG molar excess. Moreover, a low volumetric flow rate improved the accumulative and cyclic yields while minimizing deactivation, further reducing the required MAL-PEG molar excess. Higher feed and initial reactor concentrations reduced the time to reach the target throughput. The screening phase showed that compared to the batch mode, a 63 % decrease in the required MAL-PEG molar excess was achieved with a 2-mM MAL-PEG feed and a reciprocal time of 1/64 min⁻¹. Subsequently, different discharge percentages and decay profiles of different intensities were tested. Lower discharge percentages resulted in decreased MAL-PEG molar excess but longer reaction time. Similar effects were observed for the decay profiles. A scoring assessment was used to determine the optimal discharge ratio and decay profile based on MAL-PEG molar excess savings and reaction duration. Our findings provide a framework for reactions using sensitive reactants that can benefit from semi-batch reactor operations.

半间歇反应器适用于高放热反应、连续/平行反应网络和敏感反应物。例如，位点特异性聚乙二醇化可以通过将敏感的、活化的甲氧基马来酰亚胺聚乙二醇（MAL-PEG）酯送入反应器中进行半批反应。MAL-PEG：蛋白质摩尔比为10:1的批量聚乙二醇化极大地影响了聚乙二醇化蛋白质的商品成本。在这里，我们的目标是通过将MAL-PEG加入到反应中来减少等效吞吐量所需的MAL-PEG总量。过量的初始MAL-PEG是无效的，因为失活和缺乏天然蛋白质从放电中恢复方案。引入天然蛋白质回收并确保多余的蛋白质显著降低了所需的MAL-PEG摩尔过量。此外，低体积流量提高了累积产率和循环产率，同时最大限度地减少了失活，进一步减少了所需的MAL-PEG摩尔过量。较高的进料浓度和初始反应器浓度减少了达到目标吞吐量的时间。筛选阶段表明，与批处理模式相比，使用2 mm的MAL-PEG进料和1/64 min−1的倒数时间，所需的MAL-PEG摩尔过量减少了63%。随后，测试了不同放电率和不同强度下的衰减曲线。较低的放电百分比减少了MAL-PEG的摩尔过量，但延长了反应时间。在衰变曲线上也观察到类似的效果。基于MAL-PEG的摩尔剩余储蓄和反应持续时间，采用评分评估来确定最佳放电比和衰减曲线。我们的发现为使用敏感反应物的反应提供了一个框架，可以从半批式反应器操作中受益。

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引用次数: 0

Bio-composite-mediated chromium (VI) removal from aqueous solutions: nonlinear isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic study 生物复合材料介导的铬（VI）从水溶液中去除：非线性等温线，动力学和热力学研究

IF 7.1 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100930

Hirpha Adugna Areti , Lata Deso Abo , Abdisa Jabesa , Mani Jayakumar , Abas Siraj Hamda , Dessalegn Legese Negewo , Oliyad Bedasa , Boki Tesfaye Geleta , Gurunathan Baskar , Subramanian Manivannan

The rapid growth of industrialization and urbanization has led to significant water contamination by toxic heavy metals, notably hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). This study investigates the potential of an eco-friendly bio-composite adsorbent synthesized from agricultural waste for the efficient removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed the presence of key functional groups (CO, C–O, –OH) and a favorable surface morphology, respectively. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted by varying Cr(VI) concentration (20–100 mg/L), contact time (15–95 min), pH (2–10), and adsorbent dosage (0.1–1.3 g). A removal efficiency of 90 ± 0.64 % was achieved using 0.7 g of adsorbent at 20 mg/L Cr(VI), pH 2, and 45 min of contact time, resulting in a maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of 18.944 mg/g. The nonlinear Temkin model (RMSE = 0.238, χ² = 0.009, R² = 0.999) provided the best fit to the adsorption data, while the pseudo-first-order kinetic model (RMSE= 0.173, χ² = 0.02946, R² = 0.925) most accurately described the adsorption kinetics. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that a positive value of ΔH° (+0.0854 kJ/mol) suggests that the adsorption of Cr(VI) ions onto the adsorbent is endothermic. This implies that increasing the temperature enhances adsorption efficiency by providing the energy required for interactions. A negative entropy value (ΔS° = –0.27 J/mol ^○K) indicates decreased randomness at the solid–solution interface, while ΔG < 0 across the entire temperature range signifies that the adsorption process is spontaneous. Overall, the bio-composite exhibited high adsorption potential and presents a sustainable approach for the removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater.

工业化和城市化的快速发展导致了严重的有毒重金属污染，特别是六价铬（Cr(VI)）。本研究探讨了从农业废弃物中合成的生态友好型生物复合吸附剂的潜力，该吸附剂可有效去除水溶液中的Cr（VI）。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和扫描电镜（SEM）表征分别证实了关键官能团（CO, C-O, -OH）的存在和良好的表面形貌。通过Cr（VI）浓度（20 ~ 100 mg/L）、接触时间（15 ~ 95 min）、pH（2 ~ 10）、吸附剂用量（0.1 ~ 1.3 g）进行批量吸附实验。在Cr（VI）为20 mg/L、pH为2、接触时间为45 min的条件下，吸附剂用量为0.7 g，去除率为90±0.64%，最大吸附量（Qm）为18.944 mg/g。非线性Temkin模型（RMSE= 0.238, χ²= 0.009,R²= 0.999）对吸附数据拟合最佳，拟一阶动力学模型（RMSE= 0.173, χ²= 0.02946,R²= 0.925）对吸附动力学描述最准确。热力学分析表明，吸附剂对Cr（VI）离子的吸附为吸热吸附，其值为ΔH°（+0.0854 kJ/mol）。这意味着提高温度可以通过提供相互作用所需的能量来提高吸附效率。负熵值（ΔS°= -0.27 J/mol〇K）表明固溶界面的随机性降低，而在整个温度范围内ΔG <； 0表明吸附过程是自发的。总体而言，该生物复合材料具有较高的吸附潜力，是一种可持续去除废水中Cr（VI）的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Hydride-assisted molten salt synthesis of metal nanopowders possessing large specific surface areas via calcium templating 氢化物辅助熔盐通过钙模板法合成具有大比表面积的金属纳米粉末

IF 7.1 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100938

Yasukazu Kobayashi

Ni, Ru, Rh, Ir, Pt, Pd, Ag, and Au metal nanopowders possessing large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas of 103, 154, 121, 51, and 27 m²/g, respectively, are prepared by reducing Ca-containing oxide precursors using CaH₂ or LiH in molten salts at 360–600 °C. The BET surface area increases with the calcium content in oxide precursors. CO uptake measurements, which reflect the catalytic performance, reveal a good correlation between the BET surface area and adsorbed CO amount of the prepared nanopowders. The adsorbed CO amount of the as-formed Ru nanopowder is eight times higher than that of commercial Ru black. Therefore, the prepared nanopowders possess catalytically active surfaces and are promising for catalyst applications.

在360 ~ 600℃的熔融盐中，用CaH2或LiH还原含ca氧化物前驱体，制备了Ni、Ru、Rh、Ir、Pt、Pd、Ag和Au金属纳米粉体，其BET表面积分别为103、154、121、51和27 m2/g。BET表面积随氧化物前体中钙含量的增加而增加。CO吸收量测量反映了纳米粉体的催化性能，表明制备的纳米粉体的BET表面积与吸附CO量之间存在良好的相关性。形成的纳米钌粉吸附CO的量是商品钌黑的8倍。因此，所制备的纳米粉体具有催化活性表面，具有很好的催化应用前景。

引用次数: 0

Enhancing sensor performance through the surface functionalization of SBA-15 with 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde and sulphaguanidine verified via DFT insights 通过DFT验证了SBA-15与2-氯喹啉-3-乙醛和磺胺胍的表面功能化，增强了传感器的性能

IF 7.1 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100923

Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani , Ala Arvish , Zahra Panahande , Alireza Badiei , Mehran Feizi-Dehnayebi

A novel fluorescent nanomaterial, SBA-Pr-CQC-SG, was synthesized by functionalizing SBA-15 with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, followed by modification with 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde and sulfaguanidine. The material was systematically characterized by FT-IR, EDX, SEM, N₂ adsorption-desorption, and TGA, confirming its successful fabrication, structural stability, and porosity. Fluorescence studies demonstrated that SBA-Pr-CQC-SG exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity toward Pb²⁺ ions in aqueous media. To gain molecular-level insight into the sensing mechanism, DFT calculations were performed. Geometry optimization, MEP mapping, Mulliken charge distribution, and FMO analyses all confirmed that Pb²⁺ preferentially interacts with the N3 and O1 atoms of the probe. The practical applicability of the sensor was validated using real water samples. Overall, these findings demonstrate that SBA-Pr-CQC-SG is a robust, selective, and efficient sensing platform for Pb²⁺ detection, offering both strong theoretical validation and reliable performance in real environmental samples.

以（3-氨基丙基）三乙氧基硅烷对SBA-15进行功能化，再以2-氯喹啉-3-乙醛和磺胺嘧啶进行修饰，合成了一种新型荧光纳米材料SBA-Pr-CQC-SG。通过FT-IR、EDX、SEM、N2吸附-解吸和TGA等手段对该材料进行了系统表征，证实了该材料的制备成功、结构稳定性和孔隙率。荧光研究表明，SBA-Pr-CQC-SG对水中Pb2+离子具有较高的灵敏度和选择性。为了深入了解分子水平的传感机制，进行了DFT计算。几何优化、MEP映射、Mulliken电荷分布和FMO分析都证实了Pb2+优先与探针的N3和O1原子相互作用。通过实际水样验证了传感器的实用性。总体而言，这些发现表明SBA-Pr-CQC-SG是一种稳健、选择性和高效的Pb2+检测传感平台，在实际环境样品中提供了强大的理论验证和可靠的性能。

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引用次数: 0

An efficient chemical pulping method for optimal resource utilization and improved pulp properties in packaging-grade paper production 一种有效的化学制浆方法，以优化资源利用和改善包装级纸的纸浆性能

IF 7.1 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100933

Atanu Kumar Das, Lars Sundvall

Reducing the loss of cellulosic material during pulping remains a significant challenge for the pulp and paper industry. Achieving high-kappa pulp with minimal rejects is crucial for the efficient utilization of wood resources. This study explored the application of high-alkali impregnation combined with green (non-dried) wood chips as a strategy to achieve these objectives. The results demonstrated that this method yields a pulp with a 52.3 % yield, an exceptionally low reject content of 0.2 %, and a kappa number of 54.2. Furthermore, the hot-pressed (250 °C) hand sheets produced from the high-alkali-impregnated, high-kappa pulp (HAICK-50) exhibited an improved tensile index of 111 kN·m/kg compared to 96.9 kN·m/kg and 108 kN·m/kg for the pulp of reference cook with kappa 30 (REFCK-30) and kappa 50 (REFCK-50), respectively, highlighting the potential of this approach to improve both material efficiency and product quality in the pulping process.

在制浆过程中减少纤维素材料的损失仍然是制浆造纸工业面临的一个重大挑战。以最小的废品率获得高卡帕纸浆对木材资源的有效利用至关重要。本研究探索了高碱浸渍结合绿色（未干燥）木屑作为实现这些目标的策略。结果表明，该方法制浆得率为52.3%，废品率极低，为0.2%，kappa值为54.2。此外，由高碱浸渍、高卡帕纸浆（HAICK-50）生产的热压（250°C）手纸的拉伸指数提高了111 kN·m/kg，而kappa 30 （REFCK-30）和kappa 50 （REFCK-50）的参考煮浆的拉伸指数分别为96.9 kN·m/kg和108 kN·m/kg，突出了该方法在制浆过程中提高材料效率和产品质量的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Electrostatic-based separation system for negatively charged cellulose nanocrystals 负电荷纤维素纳米晶体的静电分离系统

IF 7.1 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100922

Sutthida Sukaiem , Benyapha Kheawmanee , Supaporn Guntha , Parinton Jangtawee , Sanong Ekgasit , Tewarak Parnklang

A filtration-free and non-destructive electrostatic-based separation and preconcentration system for bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs) dispersed in aqueous media have been developed by harnessing the electrostatic interactions between negatively charged BCNCs and the positively charged graphite electrode. BCNCs are extracted from Nata de Coco by sulfuric acid hydrolysis and exhibit an average hydrodynamic diameter of 342 nm and an average zeta potential of −56 mV. The extracted BCNCs exhibit needle-like morphology as characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The electrostatic separation apparatus consists of three main components including a programmable direct-current power supply, two graphite electrodes arranged in a parallel-plate configuration, and a 3D-printed electrode holder. Upon applying uniform electric fields with constant electrical voltages, BCNC particles are subjected to electrophoretic motion and accumulated on the graphite anode as an opaque white gel. The deposited BCNC gel could be easily separated from the dispersing medium. The mass concentration of the separated BCNC gel could be enhanced up to 7.5 % (w/w). The quantity of deposited BCNC particles on the graphite anode tends to increase with the applied electric field strength, the treatment duration, and the thickness of the graphite electrode. Under optimized conditions, the developed process does not cause significant alterations in morphology, chemical functional groups, surface charge, colloidal stability, and crystallinity of the BCNCs as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta-potential analysis, conductometric titration, and X-ray diffraction. The electrostatically separated BCNCs could be redispersed in various polar solvents and exhibit good colloidal stability.

利用带负电荷的细菌纤维素纳米晶体与带正电荷的石墨电极之间的静电相互作用，开发了一种无过滤、无损的细菌纤维素纳米晶体（BCNCs）分离和预富集系统。通过硫酸水解从椰树中提取bcnc，其平均水动力直径为342 nm，平均zeta电位为- 56 mV。提取的BCNCs在透射电镜下表现为针状形态。该静电分离装置由三个主要部件组成，包括可编程直流电源、以平行板结构排列的两个石墨电极和3d打印电极支架。施加恒定电压的均匀电场后，BCNC颗粒受到电泳运动，并以不透明的白色凝胶形式积聚在石墨阳极上。沉积的BCNC凝胶可以很容易地从分散介质中分离出来。分离后的BCNC凝胶的质量浓度可提高到7.5% （w/w）。在石墨阳极上沉积BCNC颗粒的数量随外加电场强度、处理时间和石墨电极厚度的增加而增加。通过透射电子显微镜、红外光谱、动态光散射、ζ电位分析、电导滴定和x射线衍射证实，在优化的条件下，所开发的工艺对bcnc的形貌、化学官能团、表面电荷、胶体稳定性和结晶度没有显著的改变。静电分离的BCNCs可在各种极性溶剂中再分散，并具有良好的胶体稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning-enhanced breakthrough modeling of malachite green adsorption onto superparamagnetic activated carbon 机器学习增强的孔雀石绿吸附在超顺磁活性炭上的突破性建模

IF 7.1 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100932

Sujesh Sudarsan , N.R. Srinivasan , Ramesh Vinayagam , Raja Selvaraj

The efficient removal of toxic dyes from industrial effluents remains a persistent environmental challenge, necessitating the development of high-performance and recyclable adsorbents. In this study, a superparamagnetic activated carbon derived from Spathodea campanulata flowers (SCMAC) was synthesized via a sustainable low-temperature carbonization–magnetization route and employed for the fixed-bed adsorption of Malachite Green (MG) dye. The influence of key operational parameters, including bed height (Z:1–3 cm), flow rate (Q:3–5 mL/min), and inlet concentration (C₀:20–60 mg/L), was systematically investigated. Increasing the bed height from 1 to 3 cm prolonged the breakthrough time and enhanced dye removal (34.32 to 50.37 %), while higher flow rates and feed concentrations accelerated saturation. The optimal conditions (Z = 2 cm, Q = 4.2 mL/min, C₀ = 40 mg/L), yielded a maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity of 108.06 mg/g. Breakthrough modeling using the Thomas, Yoon–Nelson, Adams–Bohart, Clark, and Bed Depth Service Time models showed excellent agreement with experimental data, validating the adsorption kinetics and mass-transfer dynamics. To further improve predictive capability, advanced machine-learning models were developed, with CatBoost (R² = 0.9965) identified as the most accurate predictor. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and Partial Dependence Plots (PDP) analyses revealed time as the dominant parameter influencing MG breakthrough behavior. These findings establish SCMAC as a magnetically separable, high-efficient adsorbent and introduce a data-driven modeling framework for optimizing continuous adsorption systems for dye-laden wastewater remediation.

从工业废水中有效去除有毒染料仍然是一个持续的环境挑战，因此有必要开发高性能和可回收的吸附剂。本研究采用可持续低温碳化-磁化的方法合成了以钟花为原料的超顺磁活性炭，并将其用于孔雀石绿（MG）染料的固定床吸附。系统考察了床高（Z:1 ~ 3 cm）、流速（Q:3 ~ 5 mL/min）、进口浓度（c0:20 ~ 60 mg/L）等关键操作参数的影响。当床层高度从1 cm增加到3 cm时，突破时间延长，染料去除率提高（34.32% ~ 50.37%），而更高的流速和进料浓度加速了饱和。最佳条件为Z = 2 cm, Q = 4.2 mL/min, C0 = 40 mg/L，最大平衡吸附量为108.06 mg/g。采用Thomas、Yoon-Nelson、Adams-Bohart、Clark和床深服务时间模型的突破性建模与实验数据非常吻合，验证了吸附动力学和传质动力学。为了进一步提高预测能力，开发了先进的机器学习模型，其中CatBoost （R2 = 0.9965）被确定为最准确的预测器。SHapley加性解释（SHAP）和部分依赖图（PDP）分析表明，时间是影响MG突破行为的主要参数。这些发现确立了SCMAC是一种磁性可分离的高效吸附剂，并引入了数据驱动的建模框架，用于优化染料废水处理的连续吸附系统。

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引用次数: 0

Carbothermal reduction of hematite involving biogenic carbon sourced from CO2 赤铁矿的碳热还原涉及来自CO2的生物碳

IF 7.1 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100925

Matilde Bastide d’Izard, Stéphane Abanades

The reduction of hematite (Fe₂O₃) to metallic iron via a carbothermal process was investigated with the aim of using carbon derived from captured or recycled CO₂. This CO₂-sourced carbon can be obtained by pyrolysis either directly from biomass or methane (issued from biogas or via a synthetic methanation route, through the Sabatier reaction). The carbon can ultimately serve as the reducing agent in a carbon-neutral solar thermal process. A comparative study was conducted to assess the thermodynamic and kinetic behavior of Fe₂O₃ reduction using four distinct carbon materials: carbon black, activated charcoal, graphite, and biochar. The influence of heating rate and carbon-to-oxide molar ratio (C/Fe₂O₃) was analyzed. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to examine the reaction kinetics and mechanisms, while independent experiments in a tubular reactor further validated the results. These techniques enabled the synthesis of metallic iron and provided valuable insights into the reaction sequence, gas evolution rates (CO, CO₂), and phase transformations under controlled conditions. The expected phase transformation sequence: Fe₂O₃ → Fe₃O₄ → FeO → Fe was evidenced by gas phase analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis of the solid products confirmed nearly complete conversion of Fe₂O₃ to Fe at a C/Fe₂O₃ molar ratio of 3.0 or higher. The heating rate did not significantly affect reduction efficiency, whereas a carbon excess promoted near-complete reduction. At a fixed C/Fe₂O₃ ratio of 4.5, conversion profiles showed slight variations based on the carbon type used. Graphite exhibited a sharp conversion increase at ∼1110 °C, while the other reductants displayed more gradual and similar conversion profiles with stepwise release of CO₂ and CO according to a three-stage mechanism. Notably, a lower onset reduction temperature (∼959 °C) was observed with biochar, indicating the potential of bio-sourced materials conversion for green ironmaking.

通过碳热法研究了赤铁矿（Fe2O3）还原为金属铁的方法，目的是利用捕获或回收的二氧化碳产生的碳。这种二氧化碳来源的碳可以通过热解直接从生物质或甲烷中获得（从沼气中产生或通过Sabatier反应通过合成甲烷化途径产生）。碳最终可以在碳中性太阳能热过程中作为还原剂。对比研究了四种不同的碳材料：炭黑、活性炭、石墨和生物炭对Fe2O3还原的热力学和动力学行为。分析了升温速率和碳氧化物摩尔比（C/Fe2O3）的影响。采用热重分析对反应动力学和机理进行了检验，并在管式反应器中进行了独立实验，进一步验证了结果。这些技术使金属铁的合成成为可能，并为在受控条件下的反应顺序、气体释放速率（CO, CO 2）和相变提供了有价值的见解。气相分析证实了预期的相变顺序：Fe2O3→Fe3O4→FeO→Fe。固体产物的x射线衍射分析证实，当C/Fe2O3摩尔比为3.0或更高时，Fe2O3几乎完全转化为Fe。加热速率对还原效率没有显著影响，而碳过量则促进了近乎完全的还原。在固定的C/Fe2O3比为4.5时，不同碳类型的转化曲线略有不同。石墨在~ 1110°C时表现出急剧的转化，而其他还原剂表现出更渐进和相似的转化曲线，根据三阶段机制逐步释放CO2和CO。值得注意的是，用生物炭观察到较低的起始还原温度（~ 959°C），表明生物源材料转化为绿色炼铁的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Magnetite-enabled self-assembled microbial networks for centimeter-scale electron transfer in a soil bioelectrochemical system 土壤生物电化学系统中厘米级电子转移的磁铁矿自组装微生物网络

IF 7.1 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100945

Marco Resitano , Matteo Tucci , Ghada Sellami , Habib Chouchane , Carolina Cruz Viggi , Luca Niccolini , Bruna Matturro , Ugo Marzocchi , Federico Aulenta

Electroactive biofilms (EABs) play a pivotal role in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), enabling microbial respiration on solid electrodes. However, the spatial limitations of electron transfer often constrain biofilm development and performance, particularly in porous, heterogeneous environments. In this study, we investigated the effect of magnetite nanoparticles on the formation and electrochemical behavior of EABs in continuous-flow reactors packed with sand or a sand–magnetite mixture. Chronoamperometry revealed that the magnetite-amended reactor produced significantly higher electric currents (up to 2.6-fold) alongside increased acetate removal rates (up to 2.2-fold) and prolonged electron discharge following substrate depletion, indicative of enhanced electron storage and release. Cyclic voltammetry confirmed greater bioelectrocatalytic activity and revealed an over fourfold increase in anode capacitance, suggesting the development of a more extensive and electrochemically active biofilm. Spatial profiling with a titanium probe demonstrated that electrocatalytic activity extended up to 1.8 cm from the anode only in the presence of magnetite, consistent with the formation of a biologically mediated conductive network beyond the electrode surface. In line with these evidences, a higher abundance of electroactive microorganisms was detected within the packing material surrounding the anode. These findings provide the first experimental support for the concept of Diffuse Electro–Conductive Zones (DECZs) and suggest a viable strategy to extend the radius of electrode influence in soil BESs. This approach may enhance the effectiveness of in situ bioremediation technologies by enabling mesoscale redox connectivity in complex subsurface environments.

电活性生物膜（EABs）在生物电化学系统（BESs）中起着关键作用，使微生物能够在固体电极上呼吸。然而，电子转移的空间限制往往限制了生物膜的发展和性能，特别是在多孔、非均质环境中。在这项研究中，我们研究了磁铁矿纳米颗粒对连续流反应器中沙子或沙子-磁铁矿混合物中EABs形成和电化学行为的影响。计时安培法显示，磁石修饰的反应器产生了显著更高的电流（高达2.6倍），同时增加了醋酸盐去除率（高达2.2倍），并且在底物耗尽后延长了电子放电时间，表明电子存储和释放增强。循环伏安法证实了更大的生物电催化活性，并显示阳极电容增加了四倍以上，表明发展了更广泛和电化学活性更强的生物膜。钛探针的空间分析表明，只有在磁铁矿存在的情况下，电催化活性才会从阳极延伸到1.8厘米，这与电极表面外生物介导的导电网络的形成一致。与这些证据一致，在阳极周围的包装材料中检测到更高丰度的电活性微生物。这些发现为扩散导电区（DECZs）的概念提供了第一个实验支持，并提出了一种可行的策略来扩大电极在土壤BESs中的影响半径。这种方法可以通过在复杂的地下环境中实现中尺度氧化还原连通性来提高原位生物修复技术的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Smart ultrafiltration: pH-modulated polyacrylic acid-grafted polyethersulfone (PAA-g-PES) membranes for efficient natural organic matter (NOM) foul mitigation and cleaning process 智能超滤：ph调制聚丙烯酸接枝聚醚砜（PAA-g-PES）膜，用于高效的天然有机物（NOM）恶臭缓解和清洁过程

IF 7.1 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100935

Funeka Matebese, Meladi L. Motloutsi, Mabore J. Raseala, Richard M. Moutloali

The presence of natural organic matter (NOMs) in surface water complicates drinking water treatment by forming toxic byproducts, posing significant health-related problems. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of pH-responsive membranes in mitigating fouling and facilitating backwashing of NOM deposits on and within the membrane surface. NOM is predominantly hydrophobic, necessitating the use of hydrophilic membranes to prevent fouling and improve rejection and backwashing processes. Polymeric membranes were fabricated using polyacrylic acid-grafted polyethersulfone (PAA-g-PES). PAA is known for its hydrophilic and pH-sensitive properties. The characteristics of the PAA-g-PES polymer and its ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were confirmed through TGA, FTIR, zeta potential, SEM, and AFM, respectively. Their pH sensitivity was confirmed by degree of swelling (DOS), water contact angle (WCA), and pure water flux studies. To assess the impact of the pH-responsiveness of PAA brushes, NOM-impacted surface water was tested at different pH levels (3, 7, and 9). Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (FEEM) analysis revealed that the presence of PAA improved NOM removal, achieving an average removal rate of 65.6% across all components. This enhanced NOM removal can be attributed to swollen grafts, increased surface hydrophilicity, and electrostatic repulsion interactions. At low pH levels, dominant hydrophobic interactions caused graft shrinkage, resulting in high-water permeation. The best-performing membrane exhibited a flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 84.4% after more than 9 hours of fouling and cleaning, demonstrating the efficacy of pH-sensitive membranes. High pH solutions showed improved fouling resistance and backwashing efficiency, proving to be an effective approach for widespread use.

地表水中天然有机物的存在通过形成有毒副产物使饮用水处理复杂化，造成重大的健康相关问题。本研究的目的是评估ph响应膜在减轻污染和促进膜表面和膜内的NOM沉积物反冲洗方面的效率。NOM主要是疏水性的，因此需要使用亲水膜来防止污染并改善排斥和反冲洗过程。采用聚丙烯酸接枝聚醚砜（PAA-g-PES）制备了聚合物膜。PAA以其亲水性和ph敏感性而闻名。通过热重分析（TGA）、红外光谱（FTIR）、zeta电位（zeta potential）、扫描电镜（SEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）对PAA-g-PES聚合物及其超滤膜的性能进行了表征。通过溶胀度（DOS）、水接触角（WCA）和纯水通量研究证实了它们的pH敏感性。为了评估PAA刷的pH响应性的影响，在不同的pH水平（3,7和9）下测试了nom影响的地表水。荧光激发发射矩阵（FEEM）分析表明，PAA的存在提高了NOM的去除率，在所有组分中平均去除率达到65.6%。这种增强的NOM去除可以归因于膨胀的接枝，增加的表面亲水性和静电排斥相互作用。在低pH水平下，主要的疏水相互作用导致接枝收缩，导致高水渗透率。在9小时以上的污染和清洗后，性能最好的膜通量回收率（FRR）为84.4%，证明了ph敏感膜的有效性。高pH溶液具有较好的抗污性和反洗效率，是一种广泛应用的有效方法。

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