Chemical Engineering Journal Advances最新文献_第8页

Radiation defect formation and effect on mechanical property in octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine investigated by molecular dynamics method 分子动力学方法研究八氢-1,3,5,7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四佐辛的辐射缺陷形成及其对力学性能的影响

IF 5.5 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2024.100653

Weiyi Li , Tao Wang , Wanxiao Guo , Miaosen Yu , Jintao Wang , Zongxiang Ma , Ning Gao

Energetic materials (EMs) are generally used in various conditions including under the neutron irradiation environment. To understand the radiation damages and related effects on mechanical property of EMs is important and necessary for their further applications under radiation conditions. In this paper, the displacement cascades are firstly simulated with molecular dynamics method in an octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) with the maximum energy of a primary knock-on atom (PKA) up to around 5 keV. The bond breaking, formation of free radicals, new gas molecules and interstitial and vacancy clusters, are all observed after displacement cascades, which can be used to explain the change of color and release of gas after irradiation as reported in experiments. Furthermore, the effect of above defect formation on mechanical property is calculated based on tensile stress simulations on damaged HMX. The results clearly show the appearance of strong stress gradient around defect formation region, resulting in lower external stress needed to deform the system. Thus, the radiation softening can be explored according to these results, same to experimental reports. Therefore, all these results indicate the radiation damages induced by energetic particles should be considered seriously for further application of energetic materials in nuclear conditions.

高能材料（EMs）通常用于各种条件下，包括中子辐照环境下。了解辐射损伤及其对电磁材料力学性能的相关影响对于电磁材料在辐射条件下的进一步应用是非常重要和必要的。本文首先用分子动力学方法模拟了八氢-1,3,5,7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四佐辛（HMX）在一次击穿原子（PKA）的最大能量达到 5 keV 左右时的位移级联。在位移级联之后，可以观察到键的断裂、自由基的形成、新气体分子以及间隙和空位簇，这些都可以用来解释实验中报告的辐照后颜色的变化和气体的释放。此外，根据对受损 HMX 的拉伸应力模拟，计算了上述缺陷形成对机械性能的影响。结果清楚地表明，在缺陷形成区域周围出现了很强的应力梯度，导致系统变形所需的外应力降低。因此，根据这些结果可以探索辐射软化，这与实验报告相同。因此，所有这些结果表明，在核条件下进一步应用高能材料时，应认真考虑高能粒子诱发的辐射损伤。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the ring-opening metathesis polymerization process by kinetic Monte Carlo simulation 通过动力学蒙特卡罗模拟探索开环偏聚聚合过程

IF 5.5 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2024.100654

Ákos Szabó, Béla Iván, Ervin Kovács

Investigating the kinetics of polymerization reactions is a powerful tool to obtain information for the engineering design of such processes. It provides insights into how the relative rates of elementary reactions which influence both the kinetics of the reactions and thus characteristics of the products as well, particularly when the reaction parameters of these reactions are unknown. Among polymerization processes, ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) has gained broad academic and industrial interest, due to its mild conditions to obtain a wide range of polymer products. In this study, kinetic Monte Carlo simulation was applied to reveal the effect of the elementary reactions of ROMP on the kinetics and product distribution. Both the propagation and the cross-metathesis reactions were considered, with the latter leading to the formation of various types of macrospecies whose population levels were also monitored. Relevant tendencies were observed regarding how the variations in the reaction parameters of the elementary reactions of this polymerization process, such as reaction probabilities, monomer addition method, catalyst-to-monomer ratio, and reaction time, affect the kinetics of the polymerization process and the product distributions. These variations also influence the key macromolecular parameters of the resulting polymeric materials, including chain length distribution (CLD), population levels, and polymer functionalities. The results of this study indicate that this simulation technique is a valuable tool for mapping the tailoring possibilities of modifying the reaction parameters of ROMP to achieve desired properties. These properties include number average molecular weight, polydispersity, chain end functionality, and macrocycle-free products.

研究聚合反应的动力学是获取此类工艺工程设计信息的有力工具。它让我们深入了解基本反应的相对速率如何影响反应的动力学，从而影响产物的特性，尤其是在这些反应的反应参数未知的情况下。在聚合过程中，开环偏聚（ROMP）因其温和的条件可获得多种聚合物产品而受到学术界和工业界的广泛关注。本研究采用蒙特卡洛动力学模拟揭示了 ROMP 基本反应对动力学和产物分布的影响。传播反应和交叉甲基化反应都被考虑在内，后者导致形成各种类型的大分子，其数量水平也受到监测。在该聚合过程的基本反应的反应参数变化（如反应概率、单体添加方法、催化剂与单体的比例和反应时间）如何影响聚合过程的动力学和产物分布方面，观察到了相关的趋势。这些变化也会影响所生成聚合物材料的关键大分子参数，包括链长分布 (CLD)、种群水平和聚合物官能度。研究结果表明，这种模拟技术是一种宝贵的工具，可用于绘制修改 ROMP 反应参数的定制可能性图，以获得所需的特性。这些特性包括平均分子量、多分散性、链端官能度和无大环产品。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced syngas production through dry reforming of methane with Ni/CeZrO2 catalyst: Kinetic parameter investigation and CO2-rich feed simulation 使用 Ni/CeZrO2 催化剂对甲烷进行干转化，提高合成气产量：动力学参数研究和富含二氧化碳的进料模拟

IF 5.5 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2024.100655

Intan Clarissa Sophiana , Soen Steven , Rawiyah Khairunida’ Shalihah , Ferry Iskandar , Hary Devianto , Elvi Restiawaty , Norikazu Nishiyama , Yogi Wibisono Budhi

Natuna's natural gas reserve, which contains 70 %–v CO₂ and 30 %–v CH_4, opens a prospective method for producing syngas through the dry reforming of methane (DRM). This study used the equation and determination of kinetic parameters in a fixed-bed reactor to develop the operating conditions for the DRM process. The catalyst used was 10 %Ni/CeZrO₂ and followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, with CH₄ dissociation (activation of C–H bonds) on the Ni catalyst as the rate-determining step. According to the results, the simulation and experimental data have error values of ≤ 5 % and RMSE < 0.046. This indicates that the equation and kinetic parameters used in the simulation are valid for reactor modeling. Steady-state modeling was then conducted using a 1D quasihomogeneous model. The feed composition of CO₂:CH₄ = 70:30 (Natuna gas field composition) has optimized results with temperature 700 °C, CH₄ conversion at 92 %, CO₂ conversion at 28 %, and H₂/CO ratio 1.42, and carbon formation at 7.1 mgC/gcat. This study also found that a higher CO₂:CH₄ feed ratio could reduce carbon formation during DRM.

纳土纳的天然气储量含有 70%-v CO2 和 30%-v CH4，这为通过甲烷干重整（DRM）生产合成气开辟了前景广阔的方法。本研究利用固定床反应器中的方程和动力学参数的确定来制定 DRM 工艺的操作条件。使用的催化剂为 10 %Ni/CeZrO2 并遵循 Langmuir-Hinshelwood 机理，Ni 催化剂上的 CH4 解离（C-H 键活化）是决定速率的步骤。结果表明，模拟数据和实验数据的误差值≤ 5 %，RMSE < 0.046。这表明模拟中使用的方程和动力学参数在反应器建模中是有效的。然后使用一维准均质模型进行了稳态建模。CO2:CH4 = 70:30（纳土纳气田成分）的进料成分产生了最佳结果，温度为 700 °C，CH4 转化率为 92%，CO2 转化率为 28%，H2/CO 比率为 1.42，碳形成率为 7.1 mgC/gcat。该研究还发现，较高的 CO2:CH4 进料比可减少 DRM 过程中的碳形成。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning-enabled techno-economic uncertainty analysis of sustainable aviation fuel production pathways 通过机器学习对可持续航空燃料生产途径进行技术经济不确定性分析

IF 5.5 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2024.100650

Chao Wu , Yuxi Wang , Ling Tao

Stochastic techno-economic analysis (TEA) is pivotal in assessing the financial viability and risks inherent in biofuel production processes. In this method, the Monte Carlo approach entails the random sampling of input variables and multiple runs of the TEA model to create probability distributions of economic metrics. However, traditional Monte Carlo TEA, reliant on iterative calls to process simulation, is resource-intensive and time-consuming, hindering widespread adoption. To address these challenges, we present an accessible framework that harnesses machine learning methods to estimate techno-economic uncertainty in biofuel production pathways. Our approach streamlines the conventional simulation process by automating dataset generation and machine learning model training. These trained models enable rapid predictions of minimum fuel selling prices at any scale, accommodating randomized input variables based on their defined distributions. We illustrate the efficacy of our framework through examples from sustainable aviation fuel production pathways. Our research entails identifying the primary factors influencing uncertainties in minimum selling prices, exploring the synergistic effects of pathway inputs, and assessing how price variability is impacted by financial, technical, and supply chain factors. These examples underscore the framework's effectiveness in addressing breakeven price uncertainties in biofuel production across diverse input scenarios.

随机技术经济分析（TEA）在评估生物燃料生产过程的财务可行性和固有风险方面至关重要。在这种方法中，蒙特卡罗方法需要对输入变量进行随机抽样，并多次运行 TEA 模型，以创建经济指标的概率分布。然而，传统的蒙特卡罗 TEA 依赖于迭代调用流程模拟，资源密集且耗时，阻碍了其广泛应用。为了应对这些挑战，我们提出了一个利用机器学习方法估算生物燃料生产路径中技术经济不确定性的便捷框架。我们的方法通过自动生成数据集和训练机器学习模型，简化了传统的模拟过程。这些训练有素的模型能够快速预测任何规模下的最低燃料销售价格，并根据定义的分布适应随机输入变量。我们通过可持续航空燃料生产途径的实例来说明我们框架的功效。我们的研究需要确定影响最低销售价格不确定性的主要因素，探索途径输入的协同效应，并评估价格变化如何受到金融、技术和供应链因素的影响。这些例子证明了该框架在解决不同投入情景下生物燃料生产的盈亏平衡价格不确定性方面的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Microplastics in freshwater systems: A review of classification, sources, and environmental impacts 淡水系统中的微塑料：分类、来源和环境影响综述

IF 5.5 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2024.100649

K. Bexeitova , A. Baimenov , E.A. Varol , K. Kudaibergenov , U. Zhantikeyev , Y. Sailaukhanuly , K. Toshtay , Z. Tauanov , S. Azat , R. Berndtsson

The globally increasing contents of microplastics (MP) in ecosystems have become a serious environmental problem with far-reaching and at present unpredictable consequences for both aquatic life and human well-being. Until recently, most research on MP focused on marine ecosystems. Research on the occurrence of MP has lately started to focus on freshwater environments. This comprehensive and critical review examines the multifaceted problem of MP pollution in freshwater ecosystems, delving into its diverse sources, transport mechanisms, environmental impacts, detection methods, and mitigation strategies. The environmental impacts of MP pollution span a spectrum of impacts on aquatic life, food webs, and biodiversity in general. In addition, human health concerns have arisen due to potential exposures resulting from the consumption of contaminated freshwater and biological resources. The review summarizes analytical methods and technologies used to detect and quantify MP in freshwater samples, while recognizing the challenges and new innovations in this area. Mitigation and management strategies are explored, ranging from waste management and recycling initiatives to engineering solutions such as wastewater treatment and stormwater management. Legislative measures aimed at curbing MP pollution are also reviewed. Reviewed case studies highlight regional differences, and the unique challenges faced by different freshwater ecosystems. The review concludes by highlighting the urgent need for global awareness, further research, and coordinated action to address the growing problem of MP pollution in freshwater. As humanity faces this complex environmental challenge, interdisciplinary approaches, and international collaboration are essential for sustainable solutions and protection of freshwater ecosystems and health of the planet.

生态系统中的微塑料（MP）含量在全球范围内不断增加，已成为一个严重的环境问题，对水生生物和人类福祉造成了深远且目前无法预测的后果。直到最近，有关 MP 的研究大多集中在海洋生态系统。最近，有关 MP 发生的研究开始关注淡水环境。这篇全面而严谨的综述研究了淡水生态系统中 MP 污染的多方面问题，深入探讨了 MP 的各种来源、迁移机制、环境影响、检测方法和缓解策略。MP 污染对环境的影响涉及水生生物、食物网和整个生物多样性。此外，由于食用受污染的淡水和生物资源可能导致的接触，人类健康也受到了关注。本综述总结了用于检测和量化淡水样本中 MP 的分析方法和技术，同时也认识到这一领域所面临的挑战和新的创新。还探讨了缓解和管理策略，包括从废物管理和回收利用倡议到废水处理和雨水管理等工程解决方案。还回顾了旨在遏制 MP 污染的立法措施。审查的案例研究突出了地区差异以及不同淡水生态系统所面临的独特挑战。综述最后强调，迫切需要全球意识、进一步研究和协调行动，以解决日益严重的淡水多孔介质污染问题。当人类面临这一复杂的环境挑战时，跨学科方法和国际合作对于可持续的解决方案、保护淡水生态系统和地球健康至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the efficiency of caprylic acid and quaternary ammonium salt-based deep eutectic solvents for separation of CO2 and H2S from gas mixtures using molecular dynamics simulations and COSMO-RS 利用分子动力学模拟和 COSMO-RS 探索辛酸和季铵盐基深共晶溶剂从气体混合物中分离 CO2 和 H2S 的效率

IF 5.5 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2024.100646

Samaneh Barani Pour , Mitra Dabbagh Hosseini pour , Jaber Jahanbin Sardroodi , Alireza Rastkar Ebrahimzadeh , Gholamreza Pazuki , Mohammad Sadegh Avestan

In the present study, quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) and caprylic acid based deep eutectic solvents (DES) were employed for the separation of CO₂ and H₂S from natural gas (NG). To elucidate the extraction mechanisms of H₂S from natural gas (NG), we employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the intermolecular interactions between the gases and the eutectic solvents. Our comprehensive analysis aimed at enhancing the understanding of quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) absorption capability in H₂S extractions including combined distribution functions (CDFs), which encompass radial distribution functions (RDFs), angular distribution functions (ADFs), hydrogen-bonding networks, density profiles, spatial distribution functions (SDFs), and the non-bond energies between H₂S and the DES components, all measured at 310 K. Additionally, we calculated the solubility of H₂S and CO₂ gases as well as the solubility selectivity and diffusivity selectivity parameters to evaluate the performance of the QAS-based DES in sweetening processes of NG. The results represent that eutectic solvents based on quaternary ammonium chloride are effective for H₂S adsorption and show selectivity for H₂S in gas mixtures. Furthermore, the COSMO-RS model was used to predict the solubility of various gases (H₂S/CO₂) in the QAS-based DES, providing further insights into their effectiveness.

本研究采用季铵盐（QAS）和辛酸基深共晶溶剂（DES）分离天然气（NG）中的 CO2 和 H2S。为了阐明天然气（NG）中 H2S 的萃取机理，我们采用分子动力学（MD）模拟来研究气体与共晶溶剂之间的分子间相互作用。我们的综合分析旨在加深对季铵盐（QAS）在 H2S 萃取过程中吸收能力的理解，包括组合分布函数（CDF），其中包括径向分布函数（RDF）、角分布函数（ADF）、氢键网络、密度曲线、空间分布函数（SDF）以及 H2S 与 DES 成分之间的非键能，所有这些都是在 310 K 条件下测量的。此外，我们还计算了 H2S 和 CO2 气体的溶解度以及溶解度选择性和扩散选择性参数，以评估基于 QAS 的 DES 在 NG 增甜过程中的性能。结果表明，基于季铵氯化物的共晶溶剂能有效吸附 H2S，并显示出对混合气体中 H2S 的选择性。此外，还利用 COSMO-RS 模型预测了各种气体（H2S/CO2）在基于季铵盐的 DES 中的溶解度，从而进一步了解了其有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Recovery of lithium from oxalic acid leachate produced from black mass of spent electric vehicle Li-ion batteries 从电动汽车废锂离子电池黑块产生的草酸浸出液中回收锂

IF 5.5 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2024.100648

Usman Saleem , Vanja Buvik , Hanna K. Knuutila , Sulalit Bandyopadhyay

Lithium (Li) demand is surging due to the adaptation of Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles (EV). To ease the supply from virgin sources and meet new legislative recycling targets it's imperative to secure supply from secondary sources. Recently oxalic acid leaching has been reported for early-stage recovery of Li from black mass (BM) of spent EV LIBs. Such processes often face challenges in electrodes separation, thermal treatment of cathode material, and leachate up-concentration. Herein, the synergistic application of benzoyltrifluoroacetone (HBTA) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) to extract Li from oxalate streams of an industrial BM has been demonstrated for the first time. Under optimum conditions, ∼92 % Li was extracted from the leachate in 6mins, aqueous/organic (A/O) phase ratio 1, and pH 11. McCabe Thiele diagram indicated two counter-current stages for the complete extraction of Li at A/O 1. The slope analysis method indicated equal moles of HBTA required to extract Li and FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the synergism of the extractants. The organic phase was scrubbed with Li salt and stripped with hydrochloric acid (HCl) resulting in a concentrated (Li ∼4 mol/L) solution precipitated as lithium carbonate (>99 % pure). The transition metals during oxalic acid leaching were reduced and precipitated as respective oxalates due to low solubility. They were successfully recovered using a second leaching step with HCl. The excess acid was recovered as oxalic acid by cooling crystallization, not reported earlier for BM recycling streams, facilitating a closed-loop process. The developed flowsheet significantly advances the early-stage Li recovery processes from BM.

由于锂离子电池（LIB）在电动汽车（EV）中的应用，锂（Li）的需求急剧增加。为了减少原始资源的供应，并满足新的立法回收目标，必须确保二次资源的供应。最近有报道称，草酸浸出法可用于从废旧电动汽车锂离子电池（LIB）的黑块（BM）中进行早期锂回收。此类工艺通常在电极分离、阴极材料热处理和浸出液浓缩方面面临挑战。在此，我们首次展示了苯甲酰基三氟丙酮（HBTA）和三辛基氧化膦（TOPO）的协同应用，以从工业 BM 的草酸盐流中提取锂。在最佳条件下，水相/有机相（A/O）比例为 1，pH 值为 11，6 分钟内就能从浸出液中提取出 ∼92 % 的锂。McCabe Thiele 图显示，在水相/有机相比率为 1 时，有两个逆流阶段可以完全萃取锂。斜率分析法表明萃取锂所需的 HBTA 的摩尔数相等，傅立叶变换红外光谱证实了萃取剂的协同作用。有机相用锂盐洗涤，并用盐酸（HCl）剥离，得到浓缩（锂 ∼ 4 mol/L）溶液，沉淀为碳酸锂（纯度为 99%）。在草酸浸出过程中，过渡金属因溶解度低而被还原并沉淀为相应的草酸盐。使用盐酸进行第二步浸出后，过渡金属被成功回收。过量的酸通过冷却结晶以草酸形式回收，这是早先未报道过的 BM 回收流，从而促进了闭环工艺。所开发的流程大大推进了从 BM 中回收锂的早期工艺。

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引用次数: 0

Lifetime of nitric oxide produced by surface dielectric barrier discharge in controlled atmospheres: Role of O2 content 在可控气氛中通过表面介质阻挡放电产生的一氧化氮的寿命：二氧化氮含量的作用

IF 5.5 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2024.100647

Jin Hee Bae , Seong-Cheol Huh , Joo Young Park , Seungil Park , Sangheum Eom , Seungmin Ryu , Hyungyu Lee , Sanghoo Park

Nitric oxide (NO) is an invaluable multifunctional chemical in agri-food applications; for example, it plays a role in plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. One of the interesting implications of NO is the suppression of fruit ripening and the resulting increase in shelf life. Since a high concentration of NO is producible in atmospheric plasmas, increasing attempts in plasma agriculture have been made to study several types of plasma reactors operated in air. However, as NO is rapidly oxidized by oxygen (O₂) and/or ozone (O₃), the use of NO produced in atmospheric plasmas is naturally nontrivial, and the lifetime of NO is highly sensitive to the reactor environments. Here, we investigated the time development of O₃ and nitrogen oxides (NO_x_=1–3) in a surface dielectric barrier discharge (sDBD) reactor with respect to the O₂ content of the controlled atmosphere (N₂+O₂). In situ optical absorption spectroscopy enabled the observation of the dynamics of O₃ and NO_x under gas-tight conditions. In these plasma reactors, NO became a dominant species after the chemical mode transition from O₃ to NO occurred. We found that a lower O₂ content correlated to a faster appearance of NO in the plasma reactor. The NO lifetime significantly increased as the O₂ content decreased from 20 to 5 % in the plasma reactor, while the maximum concentration of NO decreased. Our findings indicated that the appropriate control of the O₂ content is essential in atmospheric plasma reactors dependent on O₃ and/or NO_x applications.

一氧化氮（NO）是一种在农业食品应用中非常宝贵的多功能化学物质，例如，它在植物生长、发育和抗逆性方面发挥作用。一氧化氮的一个有趣影响是抑制水果成熟，从而延长保质期。由于在大气等离子体中可以产生高浓度的 NO，等离子体农业领域越来越多地尝试研究在空气中运行的几种类型的等离子体反应器。然而，由于氮氧化物会迅速被氧气（O2）和/或臭氧（O3）氧化，利用大气等离子体中产生的氮氧化物自然不是一件容易的事，而且氮氧化物的寿命对反应器环境非常敏感。在这里，我们研究了表面介质阻挡放电（sDBD）反应器中 O3 和氮氧化物（NOx=1-3）的时间发展与受控大气（N2+O2）中 O2 含量的关系。通过原位光学吸收光谱，可以观察到气密条件下 O3 和 NOx 的动态变化。在这些等离子体反应器中，从 O3 到 NO 的化学模式转变发生后，NO 成为主要物种。我们发现，在等离子体反应器中，O2 含量越低，NO 的出现速度越快。当等离子体反应器中的氧气含量从 20% 降至 5% 时，NO 的寿命会明显延长，而 NO 的最大浓度则会降低。我们的研究结果表明，在依赖于 O3 和/或 NOx 应用的大气等离子体反应器中，适当控制氧气含量至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review on anticorrosive behaviour of surfactants across diverse metals using multiple techniques: Current insights and future horizons 利用多种技术全面评述表面活性剂对各种金属的防腐性能：当前见解与未来展望

IF 5.5 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2024.100645

Pavitra Shenoy, Namitha Kedimar, Suma A. Rao

Corrosion is one of the crucial topics of concern, as it has caused a lot of economic losses in many countries across the world. Various measures have been taken over the years to tackle corrosion, amongst which corrosion inhibitors have taken the limelight. As far as we know, there hasn't been any published work that brings together all the research on how different types of surfactants can prevent corrosion on different materials. This review covers 100+ surfactants acting as corrosion inhibitors for different metals, providing a comprehensive and accessible resource. Surfactants possess unique properties such as their adequate hydrophilic to hydrophobic ratio, presence of halogen atoms, and diversity due to charge variations, making them a potential corrosion inhibitor. Surfactants containing long hydrophobic tails, electronegative atoms, and smaller spacer sizes showed increased inhibition efficacy. This paperarticle summarizes the type of metal and medium upon which the surfactant acted and hence protected metal corrosion. In addition, studies have explained about the type of surfactants, the electrochemical, spectroscopic, computational simulations, and different adsorption isotherms. The significance of the literature is to provide the readers with a library of surfactants possessing corrosion inhibition properties against various materials and to maintain sustainability.

腐蚀是人们关注的重要话题之一，因为它给世界上许多国家造成了巨大的经济损失。多年来，人们采取了各种措施来解决腐蚀问题，其中缓蚀剂成为人们关注的焦点。据我们所知，目前还没有任何公开发表的著作汇集了关于不同类型的表面活性剂如何防止不同材料腐蚀的所有研究成果。这篇综述涵盖了 100 多种可用作不同金属缓蚀剂的表面活性剂，提供了一个全面且易于获取的资源库。表面活性剂具有独特的性质，例如足够的亲水与疏水比例、卤素原子的存在以及电荷变化所导致的多样性，这使它们成为一种潜在的缓蚀剂。含有长疏水尾部、电负性原子和较小间隔尺寸的表面活性剂具有更高的抑制效果。本文总结了表面活性剂作用的金属和介质类型，从而保护金属免受腐蚀。此外，研究还解释了表面活性剂的类型、电化学、光谱、计算模拟以及不同的吸附等温线。这些文献的意义在于为读者提供了一个对各种材料具有缓蚀特性的表面活性剂资料库，并保持其可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental measurement of the size distribution of microbubbles prepared by reciprocating syringe technique 用往复式注射器技术制备的微气泡尺寸分布的实验测量

IF 5.5 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2024.100643

Zhengbin Pan , Yiting Xiao , Yijian He , Bo Kong , Yiyi Liang

Microbubbles have captured the attention of scholars due to their exceptional physical and chemical properties that exhibit practical applications. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound is a diagnostic tool used in clinical medicine to identify patent foramen ovale (PFO) heart disease caused by incomplete fusion of primary and secondary septum after birth, using microbubbles. The volume of gas and size of the bubbles determine the consequences of air entering the bloodstream. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate stable and efficient microbubble generation technology. The team designed and developed a new type of bubble generator and performed basic research on the flow and mixing rules in the gas-liquid two-phase system in the syringe. The shadow imaging method was used to explore the influence of the equipment operation parameters on the experimental system's microbubble flow process. After analyzing multiple sets of experimental data, it was found that the diameter of bubbles decreases as the frequency increases. After ten times of high-frequency reciprocating movement of the equipment, the microbubble size distribution is mainly between 10–100 μm, the mean diameter is between 23–26 μm, and the relative standard deviation is less than 4.5 %. Compared to manual methods, the device exhibits good accuracy and repeatability.

微气泡因其特殊的物理和化学性质而受到学者们的关注，并显示出实际应用价值。经颅多普勒超声是临床医学中的一种诊断工具，利用微气泡来识别因出生后主隔膜和次隔膜未完全融合而导致的卵圆孔未闭（PFO）心脏病。气泡的体积和大小决定了空气进入血液的后果。因此，研究稳定高效的微气泡生成技术势在必行。研究小组设计并开发了一种新型气泡发生器，并对注射器中气液两相系统的流动和混合规律进行了基础研究。利用阴影成像法探讨了设备运行参数对实验系统微气泡流动过程的影响。在对多组实验数据进行分析后发现，气泡的直径随着频率的增加而减小。设备高频往复运动十次后，微气泡的大小分布主要在 10-100 μm 之间，平均直径在 23-26 μm 之间，相对标准偏差小于 4.5%。与人工方法相比，该装置具有良好的准确性和可重复性。

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