China CDC Weekly最新文献

What is already known about this topic?: Vaccine effectiveness (VE) is positively correlated with the number of administered co-purified diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) doses. A matched case-control study conducted in Zhongshan City revealed that the co-purified DTaP VE against pertussis-related illnesses in children aged 4-11 months was 42% for one dose, 88% for two doses, and 95% for three doses, respectively.

What is added by this report?: The results of this study contribute to the current body of research. We found that the VE of co-purified DTaP against pertussis-related illness and hospitalization increased substantially, ranging from 24%-26% after one dose to 86%-87% after four doses.

What are the implications for public health practice?: The results of this study underscore the significance of prompt and comprehensive immunization using co-purified DTaP to decrease the incidence of pertussis. Additionally, these findings offer evidence supporting the modification of China's pertussis vaccination approach.

What is already known on this topic?: Limited data exist regarding the coverage of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in China. A lack of official statistics, coupled with an insufficient body of published literature, hinders the accurate depiction of the current situation.

What is added by this report?: This study investigated the utilization of PCV13 and estimated its coverage in nine provinces across eastern, central, and western China between 2019 and 2021. Despite an annual increase in PCV13 usage during this period, the overall coverage remained suboptimal.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Consideration should be given to incorporating vaccines into the Expanded Program of Immunization, reducing vaccine prices, and addressing the vaccination coverage gap between eastern and western regions when there is an adequate supply of PCV13, particularly with domestic vaccines.

What is already known about this topic?: A considerable percentage of the population has received both primary and booster vaccinations, which could potentially provide protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron infections and related symptoms.

What is added by this report?: The self-reported infection rate, as determined from an online survey, reached its peak (15.5%) between December 19 and 21, 2022, with an estimated 82.4% of individuals in China being infected as of February 7, 2023. During the epidemic, the effectiveness of booster vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection was found to be 49.0% within three months of vaccination and 37.9% between 3 and 6 months following vaccination. Furthermore, the vaccine effectiveness of the booster vaccination in relation to symptom prevention varied from 48.7% to 83.2% within three months and from 25.9% to 69.0% between 3 and 6 months post-booster vaccination.

What are the implications for public health practice?: The development and production of efficacious vaccines, together with prompt vaccinations or emergency vaccinations, have the potential to mitigate the epidemic's impact and safeguard public health.

What is already known about this topic?: Chronic pain has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Evidence shows that adopting a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the cardiometabolic risks associated with chronic pain.

What is added by this report?: Results from this cohort study suggest a positive association between chronic pain and the development of new-onset metabolic-related multimorbidity, specifically metabolic multimorbidity and cardiometabolic comorbidity, within middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Furthermore, adopting healthy lifestyles can potentially mitigate or even reverse these associations.

What are the implications for public health practice?: The results of our study emphasize the importance of promoting healthy lifestyles among older Chinese adults as a preventative measure against the medical burdens and cardiometabolic risks associated with chronic pain.

What is already known about this topic?: The prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) exhibits a disparity between urban and rural areas, which is commonly associated with various factors, such as demographic and socio-environmental factors. However, the specific contribution of each factor has not yet been elucidated.

What is added by this report?: This study demonstrates that the primary factors contributing to urban-rural differences in the prevalence of APOs are population structure, parental age, parity, and regional development.

What are the implications for public health practice?: Future prevention and control measures should be directed toward considering population structure and regional differences. Accurate interventions will enhance the efficiency of public health services.

What is already known about this topic?: Intimate partner violence (IPV) represents a significant global public health concern.

What is added by this report?: The burden of HIV/AIDS related to IPV demonstrated an upward trend from 1990 to 2019, exhibiting an annual growth of 4.66% in age-standardized death rates (ASDR) and 4.42% in age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates. Notably, the age groups 30-34 and 50-54 experienced a higher IPV burden compared to other age groups.

What are the implications for public health practice?: There is a pressing need for public health policymakers to develop efficacious interventions aimed at bolstering the surveillance and prevention of IPV targeted at women in China.

What is already known about this topic?: In 2015, only 18.9% of adult women underwent breast cancer screening in China.

What is added by this report?: Breast cancer screening coverage for women aged 20 years and above in China reached 22.3% during 2018-2019. Women with lower socioeconomic status had lower screening coverage. There were significant variations across the provincial-level administrative divisions.

What are the implications for public health practice?: The promotion of breast cancer screening requires the maintenance of national and local policies, as well as financial support for screening services. In addition, there is a need for the strengthening of health education and the improvement of accessibility to health services.

Introduction: This study reported the trends in female breast cancer incidence and mortality rates in China, and analyzed the corresponding age-period-cohort effects.

Methods: Data from 22 population-based cancer registries in China between 2003 and 2017 were analyzed. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and mortality rates (ASMR) were calculated using Segi's world standard population. Joinpoint regression was employed to evaluate trends, and age-period-cohort effects were examined using the intrinsic estimator method.

Results: The ASIR for female breast cancer exhibited a more rapid increase in rural areas compared to urban areas across all age groups. The most substantial increase was observed in the 20-34 age group in rural areas [annual percent change (APC)=9.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.0%-11.0%, P<0.001]. The ASMR for females under 50 years old remained stable from 2003 to 2017 in both urban and rural areas. However, the ASMR for females over 50 in rural areas and those over 65 in urban areas demonstrated a significant increase, with the most pronounced increase observed among females over 65 in rural areas (APC=4.9%, 95% CI: 2.8%-7.0%, P<0.001). Age-period-cohort analysis revealed increasing period effects and decreasing cohort effects for female breast cancer incidence and mortality rates in both urban and rural settings. Notably, the cohort effect for incidence displayed a slight upward trend for females born between 1983 and 1992 in rural areas.

Conclusions: Our study revealed a rapid increase in breast cancer incidence among younger generations and an accelerated mortality rate in older populations residing in rural areas. To effectively address the growing burden of female breast cancer in China, it is essential to develop and implement targeted intervention strategies.