Hemibagrus wyckioides is recognized as an economically important freshwater fi sh in Thailand. However, there are no available comprehensive data regarding the geographic distribution and habitat suitability of H. wyckioides in Thailand. In addition, its natural population has tended to continuously decrease. This study aimed to predict the suitable distribution areas of H. wyckioides in the Chao Phraya River, Thailand, using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm based on climatic factors, including 11 temperature and 8 precipitation indices from the WorldClim database. Model performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The jackknife test was used to assess the contribution of each variable to the model. The results revealed that the MaxEnt model performed acceptably well, with an AUC value of 0.939, representing excellent accuracy in predicting the appropriate distribution areas of H. wyckioides in the Chao Phraya River. The potential distribution areas of H. wyckioides were observed mostly along the Chao Phraya River in Sing Buri and Ang Thong Provinces. According to the results of the jackknife test, 11 climatic variables impacted the distribution of H. wyckioides. The annual mean temperature (BIO1), precipitation of driest month (BIO14), and annual temperature range (BIO7) were the most important infl uencing variables, with impact values of 53.5%, 15.9%, and 11.9%, respectively. Therefore, understanding the potential distribution areas can assist researchers in monitoring, management, and conservation activities or with the development of new natural protected areas of H. wyckioides in high-quality areas in the Chao Phraya River.
Hemibagrus wyckioides 被认为是泰国一种具有重要经济价值的淡水鱼。然而，目前还没有关于泰国 Hemibagrus wyckioides 的地理分布和栖息地适宜性的全面数据。此外，其自然种群数量有持续减少的趋势。本研究旨在利用最大熵（MaxEnt）算法，基于气候因素（包括世界气候数据库中的 11 个温度指数和 8 个降水指数）预测 H. wyckioides 在泰国湄南河的适宜分布区域。模型性能通过接收器工作特征曲线下面积（AUC）进行评估。使用千斤顶检验来评估每个变量对模型的贡献。结果表明，MaxEnt 模型表现良好，AUC 值为 0.939，在预测湄南河中 H. wyckioides 的适当分布区方面具有极高的准确性。H. wyckioides 的潜在分布区主要位于新武里府和昂通府的湄南河沿岸。根据 jackknife 检验结果，有 11 个气候变量会影响 H. wyckioides 的分布。年平均气温（BIO1）、最干旱月份降水量（BIO14）和年温差（BIO7）是最重要的影响变量，影响值分别为 53.5%、15.9% 和 11.9%。因此，了解潜在的分布区有助于研究人员开展监测、管理和保护活动，或在湄南河的优质地区开发新的 H. wyckioides 自然保护区。
{"title":"Predicting the Potential Distribution Areas of the Asian Redtail Catfi sh (Hemibagrus wyckioides Fang and Chaux, 1949) in the Chao Phraya River, Thailand, using Maximum Entropy Modelling","authors":"Anupong Saeng-arun, Wut Taksintum","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.018","url":null,"abstract":"Hemibagrus wyckioides is recognized as an economically important freshwater fi sh in Thailand. However, there are no available comprehensive data regarding the geographic distribution and habitat suitability of H. wyckioides in Thailand. In addition, its natural population has tended to continuously decrease. This study aimed to predict the suitable distribution areas of H. wyckioides in the Chao Phraya River, Thailand, using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm based on climatic factors, including 11 temperature and 8 precipitation indices from the WorldClim database. Model performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The jackknife test was used to assess the contribution of each variable to the model. The results revealed that the MaxEnt model performed acceptably well, with an AUC value of 0.939, representing excellent accuracy in predicting the appropriate distribution areas of H. wyckioides in the Chao Phraya River. The potential distribution areas of H. wyckioides were observed mostly along the Chao Phraya River in Sing Buri and Ang Thong Provinces. According to the results of the jackknife test, 11 climatic variables impacted the distribution of H. wyckioides. The annual mean temperature (BIO1), precipitation of driest month (BIO14), and annual temperature range (BIO7) were the most important infl uencing variables, with impact values of 53.5%, 15.9%, and 11.9%, respectively. Therefore, understanding the potential distribution areas can assist researchers in monitoring, management, and conservation activities or with the development of new natural protected areas of H. wyckioides in high-quality areas in the Chao Phraya River.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent technological development allows a queue of vehicles to be driven safely close to each other, which increases road utilization and reduces air drag, thus, resulting in significant energy savings. The queue of vehicles that follow one another in close succession is called a vehicle platoon. In the early stages of connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) platooning, CAVs are expected to form platoons at their departure point according to an appropriate platoon formation policy. However, the effect of platoon formation policy on traffic capacity is rarely considered. This paper analyzes the effect of platoon formation policy and platoon size on the capacity of mixed traffic flow with CAVs, autonomous vehicles, and human-driven vehicles. First, given platoon size distribution, we derive the probability mass function for the position of an arbitrary CAV within a platoon and obtain mixed traffic capacity as a function of CAV penetration rate and average platoon size. The platoon size is heavily influenced by platoon formation policies. So, the platoon size distributions are derived for several platoon formation policies and are applied to obtain the mixed traffic capacities under the platoon formation policies. Some numerical examples are also provided to demonstrate how the key parameters of platoon formation policies affect the mixed traffic capacity.
{"title":"Effect of Platoon Formation Policy and Platoon Size for Connected Autonomous Vehicles on Mixed Traffic Capacity","authors":"Yutae Lee","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.005","url":null,"abstract":"Recent technological development allows a queue of vehicles to be driven safely close to each other, which increases road utilization and reduces air drag, thus, resulting in significant energy savings. The queue of vehicles that follow one another in close succession is called a vehicle platoon. In the early stages of connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) platooning, CAVs are expected to form platoons at their departure point according to an appropriate platoon formation policy. However, the effect of platoon formation policy on traffic capacity is rarely considered. This paper analyzes the effect of platoon formation policy and platoon size on the capacity of mixed traffic flow with CAVs, autonomous vehicles, and human-driven vehicles. First, given platoon size distribution, we derive the probability mass function for the position of an arbitrary CAV within a platoon and obtain mixed traffic capacity as a function of CAV penetration rate and average platoon size. The platoon size is heavily influenced by platoon formation policies. So, the platoon size distributions are derived for several platoon formation policies and are applied to obtain the mixed traffic capacities under the platoon formation policies. Some numerical examples are also provided to demonstrate how the key parameters of platoon formation policies affect the mixed traffic capacity.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139590940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weitong Zhang, R. Riffiani, K. Sotome, Takayuki Wada, N. Shimomura, S. Boonlue, T. Aimi
Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii is a bipolar mushroom with monokaryons can form clamp cells, regardless of the mating type. Previously, only HD2-18 was identifi ed and characterized at the A locus of Maspi18 (A1). In this study, unlike the A locus in strain Maspi18, HD1-7-like gene (Mahd1-7) and HD2-7 gene (Mahd2-7) were identifi ed at the A locus of the compatible strain Maspi7 (A2), but the nine fl anking genes were highly conserved, suggesting that recombination events may have occurred between HD1 and HD2 genes over evolutionary time. Following phylogenetic and HD protein structural comparisons with other basidiomycetes, homeodomains were identifi ed in HD2-7 and HD2-18, but the former lacked nuclear localization signals (NLS) whereas the latter, like the HD1-7-like protein, did not. These fi ndings indicated that one homeodomain and several NLS on the same or different HD proteins is the minimum suffi cient for driving clamp cell formation in M. aitchisonii. The fi ndings implied that over evolutionary time, unlike HD2, the homeodomain in HD1 does not play a major role in clamp cell formation, and that HD1-7 performs the function of carrying the NLS. Herein, we propose a new hypothesis for clamp cell formation in M. aitchisonii. The fi ndings of this study provide a foundation for understanding the role of heterokaryonization in basidiomycete mushrooms.
Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii 是一种双孢蘑菇，无论交配类型如何，单核子都能形成钳形细胞。此前，只有 HD2-18 在 Maspi18（A1）的 A 基因座上被鉴定和定性。在本研究中，与菌株 Maspi18 的 A 基因座不同，在相容菌株 Maspi7（A2）的 A 基因座上发现了 HD1-7 样基因（Mahd1-7）和 HD2-7 基因（Mahd2-7），但这 9 个基因高度保守，表明在进化过程中，HD1 和 HD2 基因之间可能发生了重组事件。通过系统进化和与其他基枝菌的 HD 蛋白结构比较，在 HD2-7 和 HD2-18 中发现了同源结构域，但前者缺乏核定位信号（NLS），而后者与 HD1-7 样蛋白一样没有。这些发现表明，在相同或不同的 HD 蛋白上有一个同源结构域和几个 NLS，这是驱动 M. aitchisonii 中钳形细胞形成的最起码条件。这些发现意味着，随着进化时间的推移，与 HD2 不同，HD1 中的同源染色体在钳形细胞形成过程中并不发挥主要作用，HD1-7 承担着携带 NLS 的功能。在此，我们对 M. aitchisonii 的钳形细胞形成提出了一个新的假设。本研究的发现为理解基生真菌蘑菇中异核化的作用奠定了基础。
{"title":"Comparative Structural Analysis of The Homeodomain Protein in the Bipolar Basidiomycete, Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii (Bunaharitake)","authors":"Weitong Zhang, R. Riffiani, K. Sotome, Takayuki Wada, N. Shimomura, S. Boonlue, T. Aimi","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.014","url":null,"abstract":"Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii is a bipolar mushroom with monokaryons can form clamp cells, regardless of the mating type. Previously, only HD2-18 was identifi ed and characterized at the A locus of Maspi18 (A1). In this study, unlike the A locus in strain Maspi18, HD1-7-like gene (Mahd1-7) and HD2-7 gene (Mahd2-7) were identifi ed at the A locus of the compatible strain Maspi7 (A2), but the nine fl anking genes were highly conserved, suggesting that recombination events may have occurred between HD1 and HD2 genes over evolutionary time. Following phylogenetic and HD protein structural comparisons with other basidiomycetes, homeodomains were identifi ed in HD2-7 and HD2-18, but the former lacked nuclear localization signals (NLS) whereas the latter, like the HD1-7-like protein, did not. These fi ndings indicated that one homeodomain and several NLS on the same or different HD proteins is the minimum suffi cient for driving clamp cell formation in M. aitchisonii. The fi ndings implied that over evolutionary time, unlike HD2, the homeodomain in HD1 does not play a major role in clamp cell formation, and that HD1-7 performs the function of carrying the NLS. Herein, we propose a new hypothesis for clamp cell formation in M. aitchisonii. The fi ndings of this study provide a foundation for understanding the role of heterokaryonization in basidiomycete mushrooms.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco, or terap, is an indigenous fruit of Borneo that is popular for its strong fruity aroma and sweet juicy flesh, which is gaining visibility in the local fruit industry. Due to increasing demands and attributes of this fruit in recent years locally and internationally, the species has great potential to be commercialized. Selecting an appropriate substrate is one of the most pivotal stages in producing quality seedlings in a nursery. Consequently, the present study focuses on evaluating the synergistic effects of the substrate composition with effective microorganisms, i.e., Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and in all possible combinations, on the growth and development of the A. odoratissimus seedlings. The pot experiment was designed following the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight replications per treatment. Among the substrates, significantly higher (p<0.05) plant height was recorded in the seedlings treated with combined inoculants, T7 (Soil + AMF + T. harzianum + B. subtilis) at 47.13±10.80 cm or in a single inoculant, T3 (Soil + B. subtilis) at 46.83±2.63 cm. Subsequently, T7 and T3 have significantly improved the collar diameter and leaf area of A. odoratissimus seedlings. Concerning the physiological parameters, the synergistic triple treatment (T7) improved the underground fresh and dry biomass production at 32.33±3.21 g and 11.66±1.08 g, respectively. The same combination exhibited a more significant (p<0.05) Dickson’s Quality Index (0.72±0.03), improving the original development of A. odoratissimus seedlings. Microbial application tended to mitigate ion imbalances in plants and significantly affected the soil total nitrogen, available P, and available K and pH. These effects were most prominent in the treatments comprising triple inoculations of T7. Results suggest that the combination of T. harzianum, B. subtilis, and AMF leads to interactions that may potentially improve seedling development and crop productivity in A. odoratissimus.
Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco 或 terap 是婆罗洲的一种土著水果，因其浓郁的果香和甜美多汁的果肉而广受欢迎，在当地水果行业的知名度越来越高。由于近年来当地和国际上对这种水果的需求和属性不断增加，该品种具有很大的商业化潜力。选择合适的基质是苗圃培育优质幼苗最关键的阶段之一。因此，本研究的重点是评估基质成分与有效微生物（即毛霉菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和丛枝菌根真菌（AMF））的各种可能组合对 A. odoratissimus 幼苗生长和发育的协同效应。盆栽实验采用完全随机设计法（CRD），每个处理有八个重复。在各种基质中，使用联合接种剂 T7（土壤 + AMF + T. harzianum + B. subtilis）处理的幼苗的株高为 47.13±10.80 厘米，使用单一接种剂 T3（土壤 + B. subtilis）处理的幼苗的株高为 46.83±2.63 厘米。随后，T7 和 T3 显著改善了 A. odoratissimus 幼苗的叶领直径和叶面积。在生理参数方面，三重协同处理（T7）提高了地下鲜、干生物量产量，分别为（32.33±3.21）克和（11.66±1.08）克。同样的组合表现出更显著的迪克森质量指数（0.72±0.03）（p<0.05），改善了 A. odoratissimus 幼苗的原始发育。施用微生物往往能缓解植物体内的离子失衡，并对土壤全氮、可利用磷、可利用钾和 pH 值产生显著影响。这些影响在三重接种 T7 的处理中最为突出。研究结果表明，T. harzianum、枯草芽孢杆菌和AMF的组合会产生相互作用，有可能改善A. odoratissimus的幼苗发育和作物产量。
{"title":"Synergistic Effects of Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms on Growth and Development of Terap (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) Seedlings","authors":"Goh Ei Ping, S. D. Ramaiya, M. Zakaria","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.071","url":null,"abstract":"Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco, or terap, is an indigenous fruit of Borneo that is popular for its strong fruity aroma and sweet juicy flesh, which is gaining visibility in the local fruit industry. Due to increasing demands and attributes of this fruit in recent years locally and internationally, the species has great potential to be commercialized. Selecting an appropriate substrate is one of the most pivotal stages in producing quality seedlings in a nursery. Consequently, the present study focuses on evaluating the synergistic effects of the substrate composition with effective microorganisms, i.e., Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and in all possible combinations, on the growth and development of the A. odoratissimus seedlings. The pot experiment was designed following the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight replications per treatment. Among the substrates, significantly higher (p<0.05) plant height was recorded in the seedlings treated with combined inoculants, T7 (Soil + AMF + T. harzianum + B. subtilis) at 47.13±10.80 cm or in a single inoculant, T3 (Soil + B. subtilis) at 46.83±2.63 cm. Subsequently, T7 and T3 have significantly improved the collar diameter and leaf area of A. odoratissimus seedlings. Concerning the physiological parameters, the synergistic triple treatment (T7) improved the underground fresh and dry biomass production at 32.33±3.21 g and 11.66±1.08 g, respectively. The same combination exhibited a more significant (p<0.05) Dickson’s Quality Index (0.72±0.03), improving the original development of A. odoratissimus seedlings. Microbial application tended to mitigate ion imbalances in plants and significantly affected the soil total nitrogen, available P, and available K and pH. These effects were most prominent in the treatments comprising triple inoculations of T7. Results suggest that the combination of T. harzianum, B. subtilis, and AMF leads to interactions that may potentially improve seedling development and crop productivity in A. odoratissimus.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wen-Hua Lu, S. Tibpromma, J. Kumla, Dong-Qin Dai, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Xiao-Yan Wang
During t he investigation of Basidiomycetes at Qujing, Yunnan Province, China, some interesting mushroom specimens were collected at the Qujing Normal University premises. Based on their unique morphology, we preliminarily identified them as Agaricus species. Further analyses based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and micro-morphological characteristics confirmed that the collected specimens represent two known species viz. A. andrewii and A. xanthodermulus belonged to Agaricus sections Agaricus and Xanthodermatei, respectively. These two species are reported here as new records to China. Full Descriptions, color plates, and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of two species are provided.
{"title":"https://epg.science.cmu.ac.th/ejournal/journal-detail.php?id=11761","authors":"Wen-Hua Lu, S. Tibpromma, J. Kumla, Dong-Qin Dai, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Xiao-Yan Wang","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.061","url":null,"abstract":"During t he investigation of Basidiomycetes at Qujing, Yunnan Province, China, some interesting mushroom specimens were collected at the Qujing Normal University premises. Based on their unique morphology, we preliminarily identified them as Agaricus species. Further analyses based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and micro-morphological characteristics confirmed that the collected specimens represent two known species viz. A. andrewii and A. xanthodermulus belonged to Agaricus sections Agaricus and Xanthodermatei, respectively. These two species are reported here as new records to China. Full Descriptions, color plates, and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of two species are provided.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rizky Arif Fajar Husandy Ritonga, B. Arifin, P. Sugita, S. Achmadi, L. Irfana
A ryltetralin and arylnaphthalene lignans consisting of methylenedioxy or trimethoxy groups, such as podophyllotoxin and phyllanthusmin C, are known to have effective anticancer properties. The synthesis of these compounds can be achieved through intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions on cinnamyl cinnamate ester derivatives. Furthermore, this ester is commonly synthesized through an esterification reaction between cinnamoyl halide and cinnamyl alcohol. In this study, cinnamyl cinnamate only produced a 41% yield, while a nearly quantitative yield of 98% was obtained using the Steglich reaction with N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4-dimethylaminopyridine. This reaction was used to synthesize eight cinnamyl cinnamate ester derivatives, which consisted of methylenedioxy and trimethoxy groups, following a combinatorial synthesis. 3,4-Methylenedioxy- and 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamyl alcohols were obtained by reducing methyl 3,4-methylenedioxycinnamate and 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid, respectively. The results showed that the ester yields were excellent, except for the ester derivatives of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamyl alcohol. This alcohol was unstable during column chromatography, leading to the direct esterification of the crude reduction products. A side product with Rf adjacent to the ester was obtained, thereby reducing the ester yield. The identification of this by-product and the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction on the products obtained were described in this study. Computational studies showed that transforming reactants into products led to the production of one intermediate compound and two transition states (TS). Each TS represented the intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction and migration of [1,3]-hydrogen. Thermodynamic studies consistently revealed that a solvent environment could effectively reduce the activation energy associated with a chemical process.
{"title":"Steglich Esterification of Activated Cinnamyl Cinnamate Derivatives and Computational Studies of Intramolecular Diels-Alder for Lignan Synthesis","authors":"Rizky Arif Fajar Husandy Ritonga, B. Arifin, P. Sugita, S. Achmadi, L. Irfana","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.058","url":null,"abstract":"A ryltetralin and arylnaphthalene lignans consisting of methylenedioxy or trimethoxy groups, such as podophyllotoxin and phyllanthusmin C, are known to have effective anticancer properties. The synthesis of these compounds can be achieved through intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions on cinnamyl cinnamate ester derivatives. Furthermore, this ester is commonly synthesized through an esterification reaction between cinnamoyl halide and cinnamyl alcohol. In this study, cinnamyl cinnamate only produced a 41% yield, while a nearly quantitative yield of 98% was obtained using the Steglich reaction with N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4-dimethylaminopyridine. This reaction was used to synthesize eight cinnamyl cinnamate ester derivatives, which consisted of methylenedioxy and trimethoxy groups, following a combinatorial synthesis. 3,4-Methylenedioxy- and 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamyl alcohols were obtained by reducing methyl 3,4-methylenedioxycinnamate and 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid, respectively. The results showed that the ester yields were excellent, except for the ester derivatives of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamyl alcohol. This alcohol was unstable during column chromatography, leading to the direct esterification of the crude reduction products. A side product with Rf adjacent to the ester was obtained, thereby reducing the ester yield. The identification of this by-product and the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction on the products obtained were described in this study. Computational studies showed that transforming reactants into products led to the production of one intermediate compound and two transition states (TS). Each TS represented the intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction and migration of [1,3]-hydrogen. Thermodynamic studies consistently revealed that a solvent environment could effectively reduce the activation energy associated with a chemical process.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatimah Alshahrani, O. Fetitah, I. Almanjahie, M. Attouch
As weather warms up in China, ozone pollution rises to the top of the list of air pollutants. In this research, we examine the spatiotemporal variability of particulate matter components using contemporary functional data analysis techniques. The technique models the yearly pollutant profiles to describe their dynamic behavior over time and location. These cutting-edge methods offer dimension reduction for better data display and permit us to forecast annual profiles for locations and years for which data are lacking. In order to accurately estimate hourly ozone concentrations for 12 stations in China over two years (2015-2016), this study set out to showcase the best prediction models currently available. To accurately predict Ozone concentration, several methods are used, including Kernel Functional Classical Estimation (KFCE), Kernel Functional Quantile estimation (KFQE), Semi-Partial Linear Functional Classical Estimation (SPLFCE), Semi-Partial Linear Functional Quantile Estimation (SPLFQE), and Semi-Partial Linear Functional Expectile Estimation (SPLFEE). These functional models were chosen based on their ability to establish a forecast region with a given level of confidence. In terms of prediction accuracy, we may conclude that the Semi-Partial linear models outperform conventional models.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal Analysis of Ozone Concentration Using Semi-Functional Partial Linear Models","authors":"Fatimah Alshahrani, O. Fetitah, I. Almanjahie, M. Attouch","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.075","url":null,"abstract":"As weather warms up in China, ozone pollution rises to the top of the list of air pollutants. In this research, we examine the spatiotemporal variability of particulate matter components using contemporary functional data analysis techniques. The technique models the yearly pollutant profiles to describe their dynamic behavior over time and location. These cutting-edge methods offer dimension reduction for better data display and permit us to forecast annual profiles for locations and years for which data are lacking. In order to accurately estimate hourly ozone concentrations for 12 stations in China over two years (2015-2016), this study set out to showcase the best prediction models currently available. To accurately predict Ozone concentration, several methods are used, including Kernel Functional Classical Estimation (KFCE), Kernel Functional Quantile estimation (KFQE), Semi-Partial Linear Functional Classical Estimation (SPLFCE), Semi-Partial Linear Functional Quantile Estimation (SPLFQE), and Semi-Partial Linear Functional Expectile Estimation (SPLFEE). These functional models were chosen based on their ability to establish a forecast region with a given level of confidence. In terms of prediction accuracy, we may conclude that the Semi-Partial linear models outperform conventional models.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139209038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M ultimetallic nanocatalysts have remarkably revealed activities in various catalytic applications. Herein, the ternary nanocatalysts based on palladium-vanadium-cobalt were successfully synthesized through the reduction of their salts with the combination of sodium borohydride and ethylene glycol as reducing agents, including impregnating of activated carbon (AC) substrate with colloid solution of metallic nanoparticles (PdVCo/C). The immobile of trimetallic PdVCo on AC was evidenced by XRD, EDX analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and specific surface area (BET). Therein, TEM imaging showed that the PdVCo particles size is about 7 nm. The trimetallic nanocatalysts were evaluated in the hydrodechlorination of dichlorinated substrates which was defined by GC (FID detector). The obtained result was that the conversion of 2,4-dichlorophenol was over 91% in the case of PdVCo nano-catalyst in the presence of potassium hydroxide and the high catalytic stability was observed.
{"title":"Carbon-supported Ternary Nanocatalyst Palladium-Vanadium-Cobalt for Hydrodechlorination of 2,4-Dichlorophenol","authors":"Thi Duyen Diep, Thi Yen Nhi Nguyen, T. Co","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.069","url":null,"abstract":"M ultimetallic nanocatalysts have remarkably revealed activities in various catalytic applications. Herein, the ternary nanocatalysts based on palladium-vanadium-cobalt were successfully synthesized through the reduction of their salts with the combination of sodium borohydride and ethylene glycol as reducing agents, including impregnating of activated carbon (AC) substrate with colloid solution of metallic nanoparticles (PdVCo/C). The immobile of trimetallic PdVCo on AC was evidenced by XRD, EDX analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and specific surface area (BET). Therein, TEM imaging showed that the PdVCo particles size is about 7 nm. The trimetallic nanocatalysts were evaluated in the hydrodechlorination of dichlorinated substrates which was defined by GC (FID detector). The obtained result was that the conversion of 2,4-dichlorophenol was over 91% in the case of PdVCo nano-catalyst in the presence of potassium hydroxide and the high catalytic stability was observed.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139200157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An amperometric bi-enzyme biosensor based on α-chymotrypsin (CHY) and alcohol oxidase (AOX) was developed for detection of aspartame in a flow injection analysis (FIA) system. The CHY and AOX were separately immobilized on bead supports using an adsorption technique. The cleavage of aspartame was catalyzed by CHY to produce methanol that was converted by AOX to formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The formed hydrogen peroxide was detected amperometrically at a platinum electrode. The biosensor performance was optimized with respect to enzyme immobilization and operating conditions. The most suitable conditions for enzyme immobilization were 250 U/mL CHY and 100 U/mL AOX with 60 min immobilization time. The optimal conditions for operating the developed aspartame biosensor were a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and pH 8.0 at an applied potential of +0.70 V versus Ag/AgCl. Under the optimal conditions, the developed biosensor showed a linear response over the aspartame concentration range 0.15–1.0 mM (coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.9941) with a sensitivity of 5.52 μA/mM·cm2 and a detection limit of 0.10 mM. The developed biosensor was successfully applied in the determination of aspartame in commercial samples.
{"title":"Development and Optimization of an Amperometric Bi-enzyme Biosensor for Aspartame Determination","authors":"Tanaporn Tangtawewipat, S. Thanachasai","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.064","url":null,"abstract":"An amperometric bi-enzyme biosensor based on α-chymotrypsin (CHY) and alcohol oxidase (AOX) was developed for detection of aspartame in a flow injection analysis (FIA) system. The CHY and AOX were separately immobilized on bead supports using an adsorption technique. The cleavage of aspartame was catalyzed by CHY to produce methanol that was converted by AOX to formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The formed hydrogen peroxide was detected amperometrically at a platinum electrode. The biosensor performance was optimized with respect to enzyme immobilization and operating conditions. The most suitable conditions for enzyme immobilization were 250 U/mL CHY and 100 U/mL AOX with 60 min immobilization time. The optimal conditions for operating the developed aspartame biosensor were a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and pH 8.0 at an applied potential of +0.70 V versus Ag/AgCl. Under the optimal conditions, the developed biosensor showed a linear response over the aspartame concentration range 0.15–1.0 mM (coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.9941) with a sensitivity of 5.52 μA/mM·cm2 and a detection limit of 0.10 mM. The developed biosensor was successfully applied in the determination of aspartame in commercial samples.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139206918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jenjinta Punyasurb, S. Wattanasiriwech, D. Wattanasiriwech
In order to reduce the negative impact of waste glass and urban heat on the environment, this research aims to use waste glass cullet as an aggregate in concrete paving blocks. This work aims to produce porous pavement using two sizes of waste glass and ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Two layers of paving blocks with different aggregate sizes were planned. The first part of the work was to determine the best OPC content. The results showed that the largest aggregate-based porous paving block had the highest compressive strength and acceptable permeability. Then, designed porous block (DPB) was designed, which consisted of two layers, with the upper layer consisting of small aggregates and the lower layer consisting of large aggregates, and cement mortar (80 wt% cement powder and 20 wt% glass powder) was used as the binder. Compressive strength and permeability were the criteria. The pavement can release heat better than conventional pavements and is safe because of the skid resistance, which meets the criteria.
{"title":"Permeable Blocks with Waste Glass as Coarse Aggregate","authors":"Jenjinta Punyasurb, S. Wattanasiriwech, D. Wattanasiriwech","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.062","url":null,"abstract":"In order to reduce the negative impact of waste glass and urban heat on the environment, this research aims to use waste glass cullet as an aggregate in concrete paving blocks. This work aims to produce porous pavement using two sizes of waste glass and ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Two layers of paving blocks with different aggregate sizes were planned. The first part of the work was to determine the best OPC content. The results showed that the largest aggregate-based porous paving block had the highest compressive strength and acceptable permeability. Then, designed porous block (DPB) was designed, which consisted of two layers, with the upper layer consisting of small aggregates and the lower layer consisting of large aggregates, and cement mortar (80 wt% cement powder and 20 wt% glass powder) was used as the binder. Compressive strength and permeability were the criteria. The pavement can release heat better than conventional pavements and is safe because of the skid resistance, which meets the criteria.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：