Tungsten as key metal in various fields is indispensable metal resource for global economy. Sustainable exploitation of tungsten resources is still challenging. This work makes attempt to solve the difficulty in flotation separation of tungsten minerals from Yaogangxian tungsten ore. Systematical analysis of mineralogical properties of tungsten ore was performed. A process for tungsten flotation from tungsten ore was developed for exploitation of tungsten resources. The major valuable element in the ore is tungsten, and the grade of tungsten is 0.22%. The distribution of scheelite is nonuniform, and it is majorly distributed in 0.02~0.32 mm. The intergrowth and inclusion of scheelite occur with other minerals such as calcite, diopside, grossularite, and fluorite. The liberation of scheelite reaches 92.40% for -0.074 mm accounting for 75.48%. Process factors including Na2CO3, flotation collector, modified sodium silicate solution, and lead nitrate are studied, and the optimized conditions are Na2CO3 1600 g/t, GY-107 (640 g/t for roughing and 240 g/t for scavenging), modified sodium silicate solution 4200 g/t, and lead nitrate 400 g/t. The open-circuit and closed-circuit flotation processes for tungsten separation are designed, and it is verified for effective separation of tungsten minerals. For the closed-circuit flotation, the grade of tungsten concentrate is 7.30%, while the recovery reaches 85.89%. This work provides technical insights into tungsten separation from tungsten ore.
{"title":"A Novel Process of Tungsten Flotation for Sustainable Exploitation of Tungsten Resources","authors":"Yunbo Luo, Faming Zhang","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.056","url":null,"abstract":"Tungsten as key metal in various fields is indispensable metal resource for global economy. Sustainable exploitation of tungsten resources is still challenging. This work makes attempt to solve the difficulty in flotation separation of tungsten minerals from Yaogangxian tungsten ore. Systematical analysis of mineralogical properties of tungsten ore was performed. A process for tungsten flotation from tungsten ore was developed for exploitation of tungsten resources. The major valuable element in the ore is tungsten, and the grade of tungsten is 0.22%. The distribution of scheelite is nonuniform, and it is majorly distributed in 0.02~0.32 mm. The intergrowth and inclusion of scheelite occur with other minerals such as calcite, diopside, grossularite, and fluorite. The liberation of scheelite reaches 92.40% for -0.074 mm accounting for 75.48%. Process factors including Na2CO3, flotation collector, modified sodium silicate solution, and lead nitrate are studied, and the optimized conditions are Na2CO3 1600 g/t, GY-107 (640 g/t for roughing and 240 g/t for scavenging), modified sodium silicate solution 4200 g/t, and lead nitrate 400 g/t. The open-circuit and closed-circuit flotation processes for tungsten separation are designed, and it is verified for effective separation of tungsten minerals. For the closed-circuit flotation, the grade of tungsten concentrate is 7.30%, while the recovery reaches 85.89%. This work provides technical insights into tungsten separation from tungsten ore.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136278976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
De- oiled rice bran (DRB) is a by-product generated in a large amount from oil extraction processing. The DRB contains a high content of protein and is rich in phenolic components. Phenolic compounds were noticed to exhibit inhibitory activity against protease to some extent in protein hydrolysate production from rice bran. Therefore, this investigation aims to study the factors effecting the extraction of phenolic compounds from DRB and the inhibitory activities of the extracted phenolics against commercial proteases. The aqueous extraction process was employed for extraction of phenolic compounds from DRB. Three extraction factors, including time (30-180 min), temperature (60-80 °C), and pH level (2-10) were used using completely randomized design (CRD). Total phenolic content (TPC) and profiles, total flavonoids content (TFC), and antioxidant activities of all extracts were analyzed. Additionally, the commercial proteases (G6 and GN) inhibitory activities of phenolic extracts were determined. The optimum extraction time, temperature and pH that providing highest total phenolic content, flavonoid content antioxidant activities and protease inhibitory activities were observed at 150 min, 70°C and pH 10, respectively. TPC and TFC values were in the ranges of 2.50 to 5.76 mg GAE/g rice bran and 1.79 to 4.42 mg RTE/g rice bran, respectively. DPPH, ABTS and FRAP values were in the ranges of 0.44 to 0.82 mg GAE/g rice bran, 2.56 to 5.14 mg TE/g rice bran, and 4.40 to 8.10 mg TE/g rice bran, respectively. The main phenolic acids were ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, sinapic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The protease inhibitory activity of the DRB extract was 42% on protease G6 and 71% on protease GN. This result suggests that the phenolics and flavonoids from rice bran could exhibit protease inhibitory activities to some extent and these compounds might affect the hydrolysis process of protein during protein hydrolysate production.
{"title":"Effects of Aqueous Extraction Factors on Commercial Protease Inhibitory Activities, Phenolic Acid Profiles and Chemical Properties of Hom Mali-105 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Bran Extract","authors":"Worachai Wongwatcharayothin, Supawan Thawornchinsombut, Akkasit Jongjareonrak","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.054","url":null,"abstract":"De- oiled rice bran (DRB) is a by-product generated in a large amount from oil extraction processing. The DRB contains a high content of protein and is rich in phenolic components. Phenolic compounds were noticed to exhibit inhibitory activity against protease to some extent in protein hydrolysate production from rice bran. Therefore, this investigation aims to study the factors effecting the extraction of phenolic compounds from DRB and the inhibitory activities of the extracted phenolics against commercial proteases. The aqueous extraction process was employed for extraction of phenolic compounds from DRB. Three extraction factors, including time (30-180 min), temperature (60-80 °C), and pH level (2-10) were used using completely randomized design (CRD). Total phenolic content (TPC) and profiles, total flavonoids content (TFC), and antioxidant activities of all extracts were analyzed. Additionally, the commercial proteases (G6 and GN) inhibitory activities of phenolic extracts were determined. The optimum extraction time, temperature and pH that providing highest total phenolic content, flavonoid content antioxidant activities and protease inhibitory activities were observed at 150 min, 70°C and pH 10, respectively. TPC and TFC values were in the ranges of 2.50 to 5.76 mg GAE/g rice bran and 1.79 to 4.42 mg RTE/g rice bran, respectively. DPPH, ABTS and FRAP values were in the ranges of 0.44 to 0.82 mg GAE/g rice bran, 2.56 to 5.14 mg TE/g rice bran, and 4.40 to 8.10 mg TE/g rice bran, respectively. The main phenolic acids were ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, sinapic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The protease inhibitory activity of the DRB extract was 42% on protease G6 and 71% on protease GN. This result suggests that the phenolics and flavonoids from rice bran could exhibit protease inhibitory activities to some extent and these compounds might affect the hydrolysis process of protein during protein hydrolysate production.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"234 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136271483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Apichaya Jakkoksung, Korrawat Attasopa, Chun-I Chiu, Y. Chanbang
The symptoms of “shot hole leaves” and “excess bud growth” in Arabica coffee have signifi cantly increased in northern Thailand since 2017, resulting in the death of shoots and reduced fl owering, ultimately leading to yield loss. This study investigates whether the “shot hole leaves” symptom is caused by the tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) by rearing tea mosquito bugs with coffee and reproducing the same symptoms under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, we examine whether the “shot hole leaves” symptom is associated with the “excess bud growth” symptom in the fi eld. Our results show that H. theivora can complete their life cycle on Arabica coffee trees. Female bugs lay an average of 87.60±41.82 eggs underneath the soft tissue near young leaves on coffee branches, with a hatching rate of 73.97±6.69%, and an average incubation period of 8.20±0.97 days. The longevity of the fi rst to fi fth nymphal stages was 4.02±1.58, 3.36±0.93, 3.27±0.74, 3.23±0.96, and 3.83±1.18 days, respectively. The adult bugs had a lifespan ranging from 2 to 24 days, with an average of 11.61±7.89 days. The “shot hole leaves” symptom appear approximately 14 days after H. theivora begin feeding on young coffee shoots. We found that the bud number is signifi cantly higher on twigs with the symptom, indicating that both symptoms are caused by H. theivora. The study concludes by discussing control practices of H. theivora on coffee trees.
{"title":"Life Cycle and Damage Patterns of Tea Mosquito Bug (Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse), a Newly Recorded Pest on Arabica coff ee in Northern Thailand","authors":"Apichaya Jakkoksung, Korrawat Attasopa, Chun-I Chiu, Y. Chanbang","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.047","url":null,"abstract":"The symptoms of “shot hole leaves” and “excess bud growth” in Arabica coffee have signifi cantly increased in northern Thailand since 2017, resulting in the death of shoots and reduced fl owering, ultimately leading to yield loss. This study investigates whether the “shot hole leaves” symptom is caused by the tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) by rearing tea mosquito bugs with coffee and reproducing the same symptoms under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, we examine whether the “shot hole leaves” symptom is associated with the “excess bud growth” symptom in the fi eld. Our results show that H. theivora can complete their life cycle on Arabica coffee trees. Female bugs lay an average of 87.60±41.82 eggs underneath the soft tissue near young leaves on coffee branches, with a hatching rate of 73.97±6.69%, and an average incubation period of 8.20±0.97 days. The longevity of the fi rst to fi fth nymphal stages was 4.02±1.58, 3.36±0.93, 3.27±0.74, 3.23±0.96, and 3.83±1.18 days, respectively. The adult bugs had a lifespan ranging from 2 to 24 days, with an average of 11.61±7.89 days. The “shot hole leaves” symptom appear approximately 14 days after H. theivora begin feeding on young coffee shoots. We found that the bud number is signifi cantly higher on twigs with the symptom, indicating that both symptoms are caused by H. theivora. The study concludes by discussing control practices of H. theivora on coffee trees.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85414161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kanokwan Jitpimai, L. Ngiwsara, Weeranuch Lang, Thanawan Panichpat, Ratchanee Mingma, Jisnuson Svasti, J. Wongchawalit
Mucuna pruriens L. DC. Var. utilis (velvet bean), a medicinal Indian plant that has been longterm applied for the treatment of some neurological disorders including Parkinson’s disease. This plant is rich in phytochemical compounds and considered to provide more pharmaceutical medication but those details especially for the velvet bean seeds of the Thai cultivar are still unclear. In this study, the velvet bean seeds extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities towards three human cancer cell lines. The extractions were performed by ethanol 70% (EVBS70) and 95% (EVBS95), methanol with 70% (MVBS70) and 95% (MVBS95) and hydrochloric acid (HVBS). The quantitative analysis revealed that the highest total phenolic compounds were obtained in MVBS70 with 1,186.37 mg/g gallic acid equivalent. Levodopa (L-Dopa), a major phytochemical in Mucuna seed, was found in EVBS70, MVBS70, MVBS95 and HVBS but not in EVBS95. Since the extraction by EVBS95 appeared an oil-liked substance (EVBS95oil), four fatty acids including palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid were detected by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The fractions of EVBS70, EVBS95, and MVBS95 exhibited an antibacterial activity for Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi. Furthermore, the radical scavenging assay using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl as a free radical demonstrated that all extracts presented a higher activity against DPPH than that of the commercially available as L-Dopa, gallic acid, quercetin and catechin. Additionally, all extracts exhibited a dosedependent cytotoxic effect towards A549, HepG2 and SW480 cell lines, while EVBS70 showed the most potent cytotoxic effect. All extracts except HVBS showed the greatest effect on SW480 with IC50 values ranging from 105-205 μg/ml. This study provides additional effects of the alcoholic extracts on various pharmaceutical activities, in which velvet bean in Thailand is a promising economic plant for medical applications and industrial purposes.
Mucuna pruriens L. DC。鹿茸豆，一种药用印度植物，长期用于治疗包括帕金森病在内的一些神经系统疾病。这种植物富含植物化学化合物，被认为可以提供更多的药物治疗，但这些细节，特别是泰国品种的丝绒豆种子，目前还不清楚。本研究对丝绒豆种子提取物对三种人类癌细胞的抑菌、抗氧化和细胞毒活性进行了研究。采用70%乙醇(EVBS70)和95%乙醇(EVBS95)、70%甲醇(MVBS70)和95%甲醇(MVBS95)和盐酸(HVBS)进行提取。定量分析表明，MVBS70中总酚类化合物含量最高，其没食子酸当量为1186.37 mg/g。在EVBS70、MVBS70、MVBS95和HVBS中均发现左旋多巴(L-Dopa)，而在EVBS95中未发现。由于EVBS95提取液中出现油状物质(EVBS95油)，采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术检测了棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸和硬脂酸4种脂肪酸。EVBS70、EVBS95和MVBS95对蜡样芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和伤寒沙门氏菌均有抑菌活性。此外，以1,1-二苯基-2-苦酰肼为自由基的自由基清除实验表明，所有提取物对DPPH的活性都高于市售的左旋多巴、没食子酸、槲皮素和儿茶素。此外，所有提取物对A549、HepG2和SW480细胞系均表现出剂量依赖性的细胞毒作用，其中EVBS70的细胞毒作用最强。除HVBS外，其余提取物对SW480的IC50值均在105 ~ 205 μg/ml之间。本研究提供了酒精提取物对各种药物活性的额外影响，其中泰国丝绒豆是一种有前景的药用和工业用途的经济植物。
{"title":"Evaluation of Alcoholic Extracts of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Var. utilis for Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities toward Human Cancer Cell Lines","authors":"Kanokwan Jitpimai, L. Ngiwsara, Weeranuch Lang, Thanawan Panichpat, Ratchanee Mingma, Jisnuson Svasti, J. Wongchawalit","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.045","url":null,"abstract":"Mucuna pruriens L. DC. Var. utilis (velvet bean), a medicinal Indian plant that has been longterm applied for the treatment of some neurological disorders including Parkinson’s disease. This plant is rich in phytochemical compounds and considered to provide more pharmaceutical medication but those details especially for the velvet bean seeds of the Thai cultivar are still unclear. In this study, the velvet bean seeds extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities towards three human cancer cell lines. The extractions were performed by ethanol 70% (EVBS70) and 95% (EVBS95), methanol with 70% (MVBS70) and 95% (MVBS95) and hydrochloric acid (HVBS). The quantitative analysis revealed that the highest total phenolic compounds were obtained in MVBS70 with 1,186.37 mg/g gallic acid equivalent. Levodopa (L-Dopa), a major phytochemical in Mucuna seed, was found in EVBS70, MVBS70, MVBS95 and HVBS but not in EVBS95. Since the extraction by EVBS95 appeared an oil-liked substance (EVBS95oil), four fatty acids including palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid were detected by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The fractions of EVBS70, EVBS95, and MVBS95 exhibited an antibacterial activity for Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi. Furthermore, the radical scavenging assay using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl as a free radical demonstrated that all extracts presented a higher activity against DPPH than that of the commercially available as L-Dopa, gallic acid, quercetin and catechin. Additionally, all extracts exhibited a dosedependent cytotoxic effect towards A549, HepG2 and SW480 cell lines, while EVBS70 showed the most potent cytotoxic effect. All extracts except HVBS showed the greatest effect on SW480 with IC50 values ranging from 105-205 μg/ml. This study provides additional effects of the alcoholic extracts on various pharmaceutical activities, in which velvet bean in Thailand is a promising economic plant for medical applications and industrial purposes.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"02 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88360280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammd Amine Meraou, Fatimah Alshahrani, I. Almanjahie, M. Attouch
In the real world, many applications require enhanced variants of well-known distributions. The new distributions are generally more adaptable for simulating real-world data with high skewness and kurtosis. Choosing the best statistical distribution for modeling data is very important and demanding. In this paper, we provide a new fl exible model for modeling lifetime data that is achieved by adding a component to baseline distributions. The new model has three parameters, known as the exponential T-X Gompertz distribution. Its probability density function could be skewed and unimodal. Reliability, hazard rate, quantile, and the moment generating function are just a few of the distributional properties that can be inferred from the suggested model. To estimate the unknown parameters, maximum likelihood estimation is utilized. In addition, Monte Carlo simulation experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators. Finally, two real-world data sets are shown to evaluate the proposed model’s potential with that of various existing models.
{"title":"The Exponential T-X Gompertz Model for Modeling Real Lifetime Data: Properties and Estimation","authors":"Mohammd Amine Meraou, Fatimah Alshahrani, I. Almanjahie, M. Attouch","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.048","url":null,"abstract":"In the real world, many applications require enhanced variants of well-known distributions. The new distributions are generally more adaptable for simulating real-world data with high skewness and kurtosis. Choosing the best statistical distribution for modeling data is very important and demanding. In this paper, we provide a new fl exible model for modeling lifetime data that is achieved by adding a component to baseline distributions. The new model has three parameters, known as the exponential T-X Gompertz distribution. Its probability density function could be skewed and unimodal. Reliability, hazard rate, quantile, and the moment generating function are just a few of the distributional properties that can be inferred from the suggested model. To estimate the unknown parameters, maximum likelihood estimation is utilized. In addition, Monte Carlo simulation experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators. Finally, two real-world data sets are shown to evaluate the proposed model’s potential with that of various existing models.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86007881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized under different pH and reaction time using the Garcinia cowa aqueous leaf extract. The formation, crystal structure and morphology of synthesized AgNPs were investigated using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The UV-Vis result indicated that the AgNPs were synthesized using Garcinia cowa aqueous leaf extract at all pH conditions within 10 min. The synthesis of AgNPs was signifi cantly affected by pH condition which was shown by the TEM micrographs. The particle sizes of AgNPs were in a nano-sized range; 6.30 ± 3.52 nm for pH 4, 3.87 ± 2.51 nm for pH 7 and 13.97 ± 11.84 nm for pH 10. Furthermore, the AgNPs prepared in pH 4, pH 7 and pH 10 (120 min reaction time) at different concentrations were assessed for their antifungal activity against durian dieback pathogen. It was found that the 800 mL/L of AgNPs prepared at pH 7, the smallest particle size and good dispersion, showed the highest inhibition mycelial growth at 47.33%, whereas the larger nanoparticles prepared at pH 4 and pH 10 conditions showed lower inhibition of mycelial growth at 43.22% and 32.55%, respectively.
{"title":"Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Garcinia cowa Aqueous Leaf Extract and Their Antifungal Activity Against Durian Dieback Pathogen","authors":"Usa Sukkha, Awadol Khejonrak, Phitsamai Kamonpha, Anuchit Ruangvittayanon, Sirichatnach Pakdeepromma, Pornprapa Kongtragoul","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.046","url":null,"abstract":"Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized under different pH and reaction time using the Garcinia cowa aqueous leaf extract. The formation, crystal structure and morphology of synthesized AgNPs were investigated using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The UV-Vis result indicated that the AgNPs were synthesized using Garcinia cowa aqueous leaf extract at all pH conditions within 10 min. The synthesis of AgNPs was signifi cantly affected by pH condition which was shown by the TEM micrographs. The particle sizes of AgNPs were in a nano-sized range; 6.30 ± 3.52 nm for pH 4, 3.87 ± 2.51 nm for pH 7 and 13.97 ± 11.84 nm for pH 10. Furthermore, the AgNPs prepared in pH 4, pH 7 and pH 10 (120 min reaction time) at different concentrations were assessed for their antifungal activity against durian dieback pathogen. It was found that the 800 mL/L of AgNPs prepared at pH 7, the smallest particle size and good dispersion, showed the highest inhibition mycelial growth at 47.33%, whereas the larger nanoparticles prepared at pH 4 and pH 10 conditions showed lower inhibition of mycelial growth at 43.22% and 32.55%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136249308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Er-Fu Yang, Zhengbao Zhao, S. Karunarathna, A. Karunarathna, S. Tibpromma, Ze-lin Sun, Chengjiao Dao, Jiu-mei Ma, Ling-pan Du, Kai Yan
The discharge of phosphorus from abandoned mining sites has resulted in a signifi cant ecological problem within the southern watershed of Dianchi Lake, Yunnan Province, China. The latest research has revealed a signifi cant prevalence of Saccharum rufi pilum in soil contaminated with phosphorus. In our investigation, we isolated an endophytic fungus from the root of Saccharum rufi pilum in an open-pit phosphate mining region in Yunnan, China, and the isolated strain well fi ts the concept of genus Bipolaris (Pleosporaceae). Morphological characteristics combined with the phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF-1α) gene revealed that the fungus is Bipolaris panici-miliacei. This article presents a comprehensive description, a color photo plate and a phylogenetic tree of B. panici-miliacei. This research is valuable for restoring vegetation in abandoned phosphate mining sites.
{"title":"A New Host Record of Bipolaris panici-miliacei from the Roots of a Pioneer Plant (Saccharum rufi pilum) in an Abandoned Phosphate Mining Site in Southwest China","authors":"Er-Fu Yang, Zhengbao Zhao, S. Karunarathna, A. Karunarathna, S. Tibpromma, Ze-lin Sun, Chengjiao Dao, Jiu-mei Ma, Ling-pan Du, Kai Yan","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.044","url":null,"abstract":"The discharge of phosphorus from abandoned mining sites has resulted in a signifi cant ecological problem within the southern watershed of Dianchi Lake, Yunnan Province, China. The latest research has revealed a signifi cant prevalence of Saccharum rufi pilum in soil contaminated with phosphorus. In our investigation, we isolated an endophytic fungus from the root of Saccharum rufi pilum in an open-pit phosphate mining region in Yunnan, China, and the isolated strain well fi ts the concept of genus Bipolaris (Pleosporaceae). Morphological characteristics combined with the phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF-1α) gene revealed that the fungus is Bipolaris panici-miliacei. This article presents a comprehensive description, a color photo plate and a phylogenetic tree of B. panici-miliacei. This research is valuable for restoring vegetation in abandoned phosphate mining sites.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79704284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natthawat Sritongon, S. Boonlue, W. Mongkolthanaruk, S. Jogloy, N. Riddech
The application of organic amendments can improve soil quality and influence bacterial communities, contributing to enhanced soil health in agricultural systems. This study investigated the effect of using rain tree leaf, corn husk, and peat moss as soil amendments, supplemented with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on communities of bacteria in the tissue and rhizosphere of Jerusalem artichoke. The plants were observed for 120 days after transplanting. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique was used to investigate the impact of both organic amendments and bacterial consortium with comparative profiles. Comparison DGGE profile by clustering analysis did not clearly separate each organic amendment and bacterial inoculation, but principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that plant age had an influence on tissue and rhizosphere bacterial communities. The results indicated that soil amendments and bacterial inoculation had no effect on bacterial community shifts. Interestingly, the genera of bacteria able to most colonize in the tissue and rhizosphere were the uncultured bacteria. Thus, we provide promising data for boosting Jerusalem artichoke growth and soil quality with potential organic amendments to improve soil with sustainable strategies.
{"title":"Impact of Rhizobacterial Inoculants and Organic Amendment on Bacterial Communities of Jerusalem artichoke Tissue and Rhizosphere by using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis","authors":"Natthawat Sritongon, S. Boonlue, W. Mongkolthanaruk, S. Jogloy, N. Riddech","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.051","url":null,"abstract":"The application of organic amendments can improve soil quality and influence bacterial communities, contributing to enhanced soil health in agricultural systems. This study investigated the effect of using rain tree leaf, corn husk, and peat moss as soil amendments, supplemented with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on communities of bacteria in the tissue and rhizosphere of Jerusalem artichoke. The plants were observed for 120 days after transplanting. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique was used to investigate the impact of both organic amendments and bacterial consortium with comparative profiles. Comparison DGGE profile by clustering analysis did not clearly separate each organic amendment and bacterial inoculation, but principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that plant age had an influence on tissue and rhizosphere bacterial communities. The results indicated that soil amendments and bacterial inoculation had no effect on bacterial community shifts. Interestingly, the genera of bacteria able to most colonize in the tissue and rhizosphere were the uncultured bacteria. Thus, we provide promising data for boosting Jerusalem artichoke growth and soil quality with potential organic amendments to improve soil with sustainable strategies.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73462020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Banana Fusarium wilt is a devastating banana disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), seriously threatening the global banana industry. However, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity and the interaction between the host and Foc is limited. In this study, we confi rmed the changes in gene expression and pathways in the Cavendish banana variety “Brazilian” during early infection with Foc1 and Foc4 by comparative transcriptomic analysis, including pathogenesisrelated protein genes, leucine-rich repeat type genes, and plant hormone genes. In the early stages of Foc inoculation, more differentially expressed genes were identifi ed in roots infected with Foc1 than in those infected with Foc4. According to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, bananas with Foc1 infection caused differential accumulation and expression of various defence-related compounds and genes at the early stage of infection. In contrast, changes in the expression of defence-related genes in the early stages of Foc4 infection were small or weak and were not apparent until 24 h post-infection. Therefore, plant immune responses may occur at this stage of infection. This study could help clarify the interaction between banana plants and Foc and develop control measures for banana Fusarium wilt.
香蕉枯萎病是由香蕉尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Foc)引起的一种破坏性香蕉病害，严重威胁着全球香蕉产业。然而，对致病性的分子机制和宿主与Foc之间的相互作用的了解有限。在这项研究中，我们通过比较转录组学分析，证实了卡文迪什香蕉品种“巴西”在感染Foc1和Foc4的早期基因表达和通路的变化，包括致病相关蛋白基因、富含亮氨酸的重复型基因和植物激素基因。在接种Foc的早期阶段，感染Foc1的根中发现的差异表达基因多于感染Foc4的根。根据基因本体和京都基因与基因组百科全书分析，感染Foc1的香蕉在感染早期引起了各种防御相关化合物和基因的差异积累和表达。相比之下，防御相关基因在Foc4感染早期的表达变化较小或较弱，直到感染后24 h才明显。因此，植物免疫反应可能发生在感染的这个阶段。本研究有助于阐明香蕉植株与Foc的相互作用，制定香蕉枯萎病的防治措施。
{"title":"Transcriptome Analysis of Early Pathogenetic Responsive Genes in Cavendish Bananas During Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense Race 1 and Race 4 Infection","authors":"Xiao-yi Li, Mei Luo, Han-da Song, ZHANG-YONG Dong","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.052","url":null,"abstract":"Banana Fusarium wilt is a devastating banana disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), seriously threatening the global banana industry. However, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity and the interaction between the host and Foc is limited. In this study, we confi rmed the changes in gene expression and pathways in the Cavendish banana variety “Brazilian” during early infection with Foc1 and Foc4 by comparative transcriptomic analysis, including pathogenesisrelated protein genes, leucine-rich repeat type genes, and plant hormone genes. In the early stages of Foc inoculation, more differentially expressed genes were identifi ed in roots infected with Foc1 than in those infected with Foc4. According to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, bananas with Foc1 infection caused differential accumulation and expression of various defence-related compounds and genes at the early stage of infection. In contrast, changes in the expression of defence-related genes in the early stages of Foc4 infection were small or weak and were not apparent until 24 h post-infection. Therefore, plant immune responses may occur at this stage of infection. This study could help clarify the interaction between banana plants and Foc and develop control measures for banana Fusarium wilt.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82825185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arporn Panase, M. Thirabunyanon, J. Promya, Dušan Palić, C. Chitmanat
T he primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of combining fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and Bacillus subtilis as the synbiotic effect on the growth, innate immunity functions, and protection against Streptococcus agalactiae in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). During the 56-day feeding trial, tilapia with an average weight of 24.5 ± 1.6 g were fed four different types of diets, including a control diet (G1) and three other diets (G2, G3, G4) supplemented with varying levels of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and Bacillus subtilis at doses of 1 g FOS /kg feed + 1x109 CFU B. subtilis /g feed (G2), 3 g FOS /kg feed + 3x109 CFU B. subtilis /g feed (G3), and 5 g FOS /kg feed + 5x109 CFU B. subtilis /g feed (G4), respectively. Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was utilized to quantify the expression levels of immune-related genes in the liver tissue of tilapia at the end of the feeding trial. The immune-related genes evaluated comprised complement C3, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and hsp70. Following the experimental feeding, tilapia were intraperitoneally injected with S. agalactiae. The results showed that the synbiotic feeding did not significantly impact the growth performances or survival of the fish (p > 0.05). However, tilapia fed with G3 and G4 diets exhibited significantly higher lysozyme and respiratory burst activities (p < 0.05). Tilapia fed with synbiotic additives showed significant modulation of immune-related genes and slightly higher survival rates after the challenge with S. agalactiae compared to the control group. These findings suggest that synbiotic supplementation may enhance the innate immune responses of tilapia against S. agalactiae infection.
{"title":"Synergistic Effects of Fructooligosaccharide and Bacillus subtilis Dietary Supplementation on Growth, Innate Immune Responses, and Protection against Streptococcus agalactiae in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"Arporn Panase, M. Thirabunyanon, J. Promya, Dušan Palić, C. Chitmanat","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.050","url":null,"abstract":"T he primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of combining fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and Bacillus subtilis as the synbiotic effect on the growth, innate immunity functions, and protection against Streptococcus agalactiae in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). During the 56-day feeding trial, tilapia with an average weight of 24.5 ± 1.6 g were fed four different types of diets, including a control diet (G1) and three other diets (G2, G3, G4) supplemented with varying levels of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and Bacillus subtilis at doses of 1 g FOS /kg feed + 1x109 CFU B. subtilis /g feed (G2), 3 g FOS /kg feed + 3x109 CFU B. subtilis /g feed (G3), and 5 g FOS /kg feed + 5x109 CFU B. subtilis /g feed (G4), respectively. Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was utilized to quantify the expression levels of immune-related genes in the liver tissue of tilapia at the end of the feeding trial. The immune-related genes evaluated comprised complement C3, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and hsp70. Following the experimental feeding, tilapia were intraperitoneally injected with S. agalactiae. The results showed that the synbiotic feeding did not significantly impact the growth performances or survival of the fish (p > 0.05). However, tilapia fed with G3 and G4 diets exhibited significantly higher lysozyme and respiratory burst activities (p < 0.05). Tilapia fed with synbiotic additives showed significant modulation of immune-related genes and slightly higher survival rates after the challenge with S. agalactiae compared to the control group. These findings suggest that synbiotic supplementation may enhance the innate immune responses of tilapia against S. agalactiae infection.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84299768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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