Ger mination of sesame seeds in acidic and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) liquid mediums was investigated using single pulse 1H spectroscopy and chemical shift selection imaging. The spectra and images demonstrated high correlation and reliability. Chemical shift selection imaging allowed for an intuitive comprehension of the dynamic distribution of metabolites and structural changes during germination, leading to a clearer understanding of IAA’s regulation on sesame metabolites, when combined with 1H spectra. Results showed that exogenous hormones accelerated the decomposition of lipid macromolecules before rapid radicle growth, while IAA delayed sesame development at this stage. However, post-growth delay, the addition of IAA effectively accelerated germination. This study confirms that 1H spectroscopy and chemical shift selection imaging can interpret the metabolic response of plants to the change in their internal physiological state and help to determine the optimal time to add IAA.
{"title":"Dynamic Investigation of Auxin on Germination of Sesamum Indicum Seed by 1H Spectroscopy and Chemical Shift Selection Imaging","authors":"Yuhui Xiao, Wenliang Liao, Honghao Cai, Hui Ni","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.033","url":null,"abstract":"Ger mination of sesame seeds in acidic and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) liquid mediums was investigated using single pulse 1H spectroscopy and chemical shift selection imaging. The spectra and images demonstrated high correlation and reliability. Chemical shift selection imaging allowed for an intuitive comprehension of the dynamic distribution of metabolites and structural changes during germination, leading to a clearer understanding of IAA’s regulation on sesame metabolites, when combined with 1H spectra. Results showed that exogenous hormones accelerated the decomposition of lipid macromolecules before rapid radicle growth, while IAA delayed sesame development at this stage. However, post-growth delay, the addition of IAA effectively accelerated germination. This study confirms that 1H spectroscopy and chemical shift selection imaging can interpret the metabolic response of plants to the change in their internal physiological state and help to determine the optimal time to add IAA.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to improve the efficiency of biodiesel production from esterification of free fatty acids, an alternative to sulfuric acid has been explored in this study. These catalysts including three pyrrolidonium ionic liquids (ILs), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidonium hydrogen sulfate ([Hnmp]HSO4), 2-pyrrolidonium hydrogen sulfate ([Hnhp]HSO4), and 1-(3-sulfonic acid) propyl-2-pyrrolidonium hydrogen sulfate ([C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4), were applied as catalysts to produce biodiesel through the esterification reaction of oleic acid with methanol. The catalytic performances of the synthesized ILs for the esterification of oleic acid were evaluated, and [C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4 exhibited the best catalytic activity among all tested acidic ILs. Moreover, the esterification of oleic acid with methanol by the [C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4-catalyzed was systematically explored, and the reaction conditions were further optimized through a single-factor experiment, the Plackett-Burman design, and a response surface methodology. It was found that optimum response for oleic acid conversion was 97.4% under reaction condition of using catalyst dosage of 12.5%, methanol/oleic acid molar ratio of 9:1, reaction time at 4 h and reaction temperature at 70 °C. In addition, the catalytic activity of [C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4 still remained high level after 5 cycles. In a conclusion, the IL [C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4 has great potential as a catalyst for producing fatty acid methyl esters via the esterification reaction.
{"title":"Optimization of Methyl Oleate Synthesis with Sulfonated Pyrrolidonium Ionic Liquids as Catalysts Using the Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Yujie ChenYang, Rui Cai, Kun Yang, Benyong Han","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.202.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.202.030","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve the efficiency of biodiesel production from esterification of free fatty acids, an alternative to sulfuric acid has been explored in this study. These catalysts including three pyrrolidonium ionic liquids (ILs), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidonium hydrogen sulfate ([Hnmp]HSO4), 2-pyrrolidonium hydrogen sulfate ([Hnhp]HSO4), and 1-(3-sulfonic acid) propyl-2-pyrrolidonium hydrogen sulfate ([C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4), were applied as catalysts to produce biodiesel through the esterification reaction of oleic acid with methanol. The catalytic performances of the synthesized ILs for the esterification of oleic acid were evaluated, and [C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4 exhibited the best catalytic activity among all tested acidic ILs. Moreover, the esterification of oleic acid with methanol by the [C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4-catalyzed was systematically explored, and the reaction conditions were further optimized through a single-factor experiment, the Plackett-Burman design, and a response surface methodology. It was found that optimum response for oleic acid conversion was 97.4% under reaction condition of using catalyst dosage of 12.5%, methanol/oleic acid molar ratio of 9:1, reaction time at 4 h and reaction temperature at 70 °C. In addition, the catalytic activity of [C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4 still remained high level after 5 cycles. In a conclusion, the IL [C3SO3Hnhp]HSO4 has great potential as a catalyst for producing fatty acid methyl esters via the esterification reaction.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Didsanutda Gonkhom, T. Luangharn, Marc Stadler, N. Thongklang
Hericium erinaceus, commonly known as “Lion’s Mane,” is widely edible, used for medicinal purposes, and has a long history of cultivation in China and Japan since 1990s. In this study, four strains of Hericium erinaceus (MFLUCC 21-0018, MFLCC 21-0019, MFLUCC 21-0020, and MFLUCC 21-0021) were grown for cultivation and proximate analysis. The mushroom was cultivated on three different substrate treatments, designed using a completely randomized design (CRD), harvested as fresh fruiting bodies, dried at 40–45 °C, and the total yield calculated. We pulverized the dried fruiting body for proximate composition and analyzed it according to standard procedures. The result showed that all H. erinaceus strains in three different substrate treatments produced mature fresh fruiting bodies when the temperature was 18–24 °C, while the second substrate treatment under conditions of the sawdust bag content 77% of para rubber sawdust, 15% of red sorghum, 3% of rice bran, 2% of yeast powder, 1% of lime (CaO), 1% of gypsum (CaSO4 • 2H2O), and 1% of molasses produced a high yield of 85.79–123.7 grams/bag. Proximate analysis of the dried mushroom powder showed high levels of protein content between 15.30% and 19.56%. The cultivation of H. erinaceus in Thailand is a significant achievement, as this type of mushroom is generally valued for its nutritional and therapeutic properties.
{"title":"Cultivation and Nutrient Compositions of Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus in Thailand","authors":"Didsanutda Gonkhom, T. Luangharn, Marc Stadler, N. Thongklang","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.028","url":null,"abstract":"Hericium erinaceus, commonly known as “Lion’s Mane,” is widely edible, used for medicinal purposes, and has a long history of cultivation in China and Japan since 1990s. In this study, four strains of Hericium erinaceus (MFLUCC 21-0018, MFLCC 21-0019, MFLUCC 21-0020, and MFLUCC 21-0021) were grown for cultivation and proximate analysis. The mushroom was cultivated on three different substrate treatments, designed using a completely randomized design (CRD), harvested as fresh fruiting bodies, dried at 40–45 °C, and the total yield calculated. We pulverized the dried fruiting body for proximate composition and analyzed it according to standard procedures. The result showed that all H. erinaceus strains in three different substrate treatments produced mature fresh fruiting bodies when the temperature was 18–24 °C, while the second substrate treatment under conditions of the sawdust bag content 77% of para rubber sawdust, 15% of red sorghum, 3% of rice bran, 2% of yeast powder, 1% of lime (CaO), 1% of gypsum (CaSO4 • 2H2O), and 1% of molasses produced a high yield of 85.79–123.7 grams/bag. Proximate analysis of the dried mushroom powder showed high levels of protein content between 15.30% and 19.56%. The cultivation of H. erinaceus in Thailand is a significant achievement, as this type of mushroom is generally valued for its nutritional and therapeutic properties.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mattanun Sangkhawasi, T. Remsungnen, Chonnikan Hanpaibool, R. P. Poo-arporn, Alisa S Vangnai, T. Rungrotmongkol
The development of green polymers is a crucial long-term solution to address the problem of plastic waste. In particular, the bio-based polymer polyethylene vanillic (PEV) has garnered interest due to its comparable mechanical and thermal properties to polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a widely used single-use plastic. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are commonly employed to study the molecular structure and dynamic properties of materials, offering cost-effective applications. However, the accuracy of MD simulation results heavily relies on the chosen force field model. The all-atom (AA) force field, while providing insights into molecular interactions, demands significant computational resources, especially for large systems like polymers. This study aimed to employ the united atom (UA) model with revised OPLS-UA force field parameters for the biopolymer PEV, aiming to reduce computational time in dynamic and physical investigations. Consequently, the UA model successfully folded the PEV polymer in a manner resembling the single-chain PEV treated with the AA model, while also predicting a glass transition temperature (Tg) close to the experimental value of 348 K. These findings underscore the potential of the UA model for simulating PEV and its promising implications.
开发绿色聚合物是解决塑料垃圾问题的重要长期解决方案。特别是生物基聚合物香草醛（PEV），由于其机械性能和热性能与广泛使用的一次性塑料聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）相当，因此引起了人们的兴趣。分子动力学（MD）模拟通常用于研究材料的分子结构和动态特性，具有成本效益。然而，分子动力学模拟结果的准确性在很大程度上取决于所选择的力场模型。全原子（AA）力场虽然可以深入了解分子间的相互作用，但需要大量的计算资源，尤其是对于聚合物等大型系统。本研究旨在针对生物聚合物 PEV 采用经修订的 OPLS-UA 力场参数的联合原子（UA）模型，以减少动态和物理研究中的计算时间。结果，UA 模型成功地折叠了 PEV 聚合物，其折叠方式与用 AA 模型处理的单链 PEV 相似，同时还预测了接近实验值 348 K 的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）。
{"title":"Advancing Sustainable Solutions: Exploring United Atom Model for Efficient Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Poly-ethylene Vanillic (PEV) Polymer","authors":"Mattanun Sangkhawasi, T. Remsungnen, Chonnikan Hanpaibool, R. P. Poo-arporn, Alisa S Vangnai, T. Rungrotmongkol","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.013","url":null,"abstract":"The development of green polymers is a crucial long-term solution to address the problem of plastic waste. In particular, the bio-based polymer polyethylene vanillic (PEV) has garnered interest due to its comparable mechanical and thermal properties to polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a widely used single-use plastic. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are commonly employed to study the molecular structure and dynamic properties of materials, offering cost-effective applications. However, the accuracy of MD simulation results heavily relies on the chosen force field model. The all-atom (AA) force field, while providing insights into molecular interactions, demands significant computational resources, especially for large systems like polymers. This study aimed to employ the united atom (UA) model with revised OPLS-UA force field parameters for the biopolymer PEV, aiming to reduce computational time in dynamic and physical investigations. Consequently, the UA model successfully folded the PEV polymer in a manner resembling the single-chain PEV treated with the AA model, while also predicting a glass transition temperature (Tg) close to the experimental value of 348 K. These findings underscore the potential of the UA model for simulating PEV and its promising implications.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khettawan Preecha, Sasirat Chaideesungnoen, P. Muangjunburee
This research focused on how filler metal and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) affected the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel welds, especially the fatigue behavior. Automatic TIG welding was used to fabricate the weld samples, and both AWS A5.28 ER90S-B3 (also known as B3) and AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 (commonly known as Inconel 625) were used as filler metals. The PWHT was performed at 690°C for one hour. That was the ideal condition for reducing the hardness of the heat affected zone (HAZ). The microstructure of the B3 weld metal and the HAZ was observed to alter from bainite to tempered bainite due to PWHT, resulting in a decrease in hardness (B3 WM: from 299.7 to 243.5 HV0.2 and HAZ: from 294.5 to 234.7 HV0.2). On the other hand, Inconel 625 weld metal showed an austenite microstructure: after PWHT, the formation of gamma prime increased its hardness (from 263.2 to 299.8 HV0.2). According to the tensile test results, the tensile strength of the welded samples was slightly lower than that of the original base metal, such as the UTS of the BM was 633.0 ± 3.0 MPa and that of the B3-PWHT sample was 601.4 ± 2.0 MPa. The effect of PWHT on tensile strength was negligible, but it significantly affected fatigue strength. For both filler metals, PWHT resulted in a decrease in fatigue strength. The fatigue strength of the B3 sample decreased from 290 to 120 MPa, while that of the IN625 sample reduced from 290 to 240 MPa. In comparison between two different materials, the fatigue strength of the Inconel 625 sample was greater than that of the B3 sample. Fatigue fracture surfaces can be classified into three stages: crack initiation, propagation, and fast fracture. The fatigue rupture was mostly initiated at the weld interface. The final fracture revealed a dimple appearance.
{"title":"Microstructure and Fatigue Behavior of Cr-Mo Steel Weld Joints with Automatic TIG Welding","authors":"Khettawan Preecha, Sasirat Chaideesungnoen, P. Muangjunburee","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.021","url":null,"abstract":"This research focused on how filler metal and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) affected the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel welds, especially the fatigue behavior. Automatic TIG welding was used to fabricate the weld samples, and both AWS A5.28 ER90S-B3 (also known as B3) and AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 (commonly known as Inconel 625) were used as filler metals. The PWHT was performed at 690°C for one hour. That was the ideal condition for reducing the hardness of the heat affected zone (HAZ). The microstructure of the B3 weld metal and the HAZ was observed to alter from bainite to tempered bainite due to PWHT, resulting in a decrease in hardness (B3 WM: from 299.7 to 243.5 HV0.2 and HAZ: from 294.5 to 234.7 HV0.2). On the other hand, Inconel 625 weld metal showed an austenite microstructure: after PWHT, the formation of gamma prime increased its hardness (from 263.2 to 299.8 HV0.2). According to the tensile test results, the tensile strength of the welded samples was slightly lower than that of the original base metal, such as the UTS of the BM was 633.0 ± 3.0 MPa and that of the B3-PWHT sample was 601.4 ± 2.0 MPa. The effect of PWHT on tensile strength was negligible, but it significantly affected fatigue strength. For both filler metals, PWHT resulted in a decrease in fatigue strength. The fatigue strength of the B3 sample decreased from 290 to 120 MPa, while that of the IN625 sample reduced from 290 to 240 MPa. In comparison between two different materials, the fatigue strength of the Inconel 625 sample was greater than that of the B3 sample. Fatigue fracture surfaces can be classified into three stages: crack initiation, propagation, and fast fracture. The fatigue rupture was mostly initiated at the weld interface. The final fracture revealed a dimple appearance.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Eadmusik, Sabaipear Thongprathuang, Tanimas Luekhuntod, Pimrajika Didbunjong, C. Phungamngoen
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seed oil gains an industrial’s attention although other parts of the seed also have economical and nutritional potentials. This study was aimed to produce instant beverage powder based on sacha inchi by formula optimization and investigation the effect of drumdrying conditions on its physicochemical and sensorial properties. Results from a mixture design showed that the most suitable formula composed of 64% sacha inchi seed extraction, 20% sweet corn and 16% instant oat, in addition a penalty analysis revealed that the most preferable sugar adding level was 8% (w/w). In term of drum-drying condition, rotation speed and maltodextrin concentration strongly infl uenced moisture content, ΔE* and water solubility index (WSI) while they had no effect on rehydration ratio. The physicochemical and sensorial properties of the instant beverage powder obtained from this study were similar to those of commercial product except for WSI. This study demonstrates that, besides seed oil, sacha inchi seed can be valorized and utilized as a novel food ingredient for an instant beverage powder production.
{"title":"Development of Instant Beverage Powder Based on Sacha Inchi","authors":"S. Eadmusik, Sabaipear Thongprathuang, Tanimas Luekhuntod, Pimrajika Didbunjong, C. Phungamngoen","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.017","url":null,"abstract":"Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seed oil gains an industrial’s attention although other parts of the seed also have economical and nutritional potentials. This study was aimed to produce instant beverage powder based on sacha inchi by formula optimization and investigation the effect of drumdrying conditions on its physicochemical and sensorial properties. Results from a mixture design showed that the most suitable formula composed of 64% sacha inchi seed extraction, 20% sweet corn and 16% instant oat, in addition a penalty analysis revealed that the most preferable sugar adding level was 8% (w/w). In term of drum-drying condition, rotation speed and maltodextrin concentration strongly infl uenced moisture content, ΔE* and water solubility index (WSI) while they had no effect on rehydration ratio. The physicochemical and sensorial properties of the instant beverage powder obtained from this study were similar to those of commercial product except for WSI. This study demonstrates that, besides seed oil, sacha inchi seed can be valorized and utilized as a novel food ingredient for an instant beverage powder production.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nitrification, a crucial step in nitrogen cycle of ecosystems, is an important issue that attracts many attentions. In this research, the nitrification process is investigated by developing a new dynamical model which couples the kinetics of ammonia oxidation process and nitrite oxidation process. With the application of literature-based parameter values, the dynamical characteristics of nitrification process in aquatic and soil environments are studied. Stable coexistent equilibrium, periodic oscillations, as well as more complex nitrification dynamics, such as quasiperiodic and chaotic oscillations, are predicted in both environments under seasonal variations. The projected levels of ammonia and nitrite ions are similarly aligned with previously reported observations in natural ecosystems. By uncovering the dynamical complexity of nitrification process, this research can advance our comprehension of the nonlinear mechanisms underlying microbial nitrification in ecosystems.
{"title":"Modelling Microbial Nitrification and Exploring Nonlinear Mechanism by Dynamical Complexity","authors":"Xiumin Zhang, Huayong Zhang","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.001","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrification, a crucial step in nitrogen cycle of ecosystems, is an important issue that attracts many attentions. In this research, the nitrification process is investigated by developing a new dynamical model which couples the kinetics of ammonia oxidation process and nitrite oxidation process. With the application of literature-based parameter values, the dynamical characteristics of nitrification process in aquatic and soil environments are studied. Stable coexistent equilibrium, periodic oscillations, as well as more complex nitrification dynamics, such as quasiperiodic and chaotic oscillations, are predicted in both environments under seasonal variations. The projected levels of ammonia and nitrite ions are similarly aligned with previously reported observations in natural ecosystems. By uncovering the dynamical complexity of nitrification process, this research can advance our comprehension of the nonlinear mechanisms underlying microbial nitrification in ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139590784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Territorial damselfi sh are herbivorous fi sh that help maintain algal diversity and abundance by aggressive territorial defense and algal farming. We investigated the effect of territorial damselfi sh on algal diversity and abundance on a reef at Ko Taen, Surat Thani Province, Thailand. Ten permanent patches (20 × 20 cm2) were set up inside and ten outside damselfi sh territory and monitored bimonthly. We found 22 macroalgal species with fi ve dominant species: Polysiphonia sp., Padina minor, Ulva compressa, Gelidium pusillum, and Lobophora variegata. The abundance of Polysiphonia sp. was signifi cantly higher inside damselfi sh territory than outside. In contrast, the abundances of Gelidium pusillum, Padina minor, and Ulva compressa were slightly higher outside the territory. It might be perhaps because their feeding behavior, territorial defense, and farming activities altered the benthic community. These damselfi shes exclude other herbivorous fi shes from their territories and remove unpalatable algae and maintain their algal food crop. For species diversity, there was no signifi cant difference between algal species diversity outside and inside damselfi sh territories. Our results indicated that damselfi shes have a strong effect on algal abundance and composition.
{"title":"Benthic Algal Assemblages Associated with Damselfi sh Territories in The Gulf of Thailand","authors":"Jatdilok Titioatchasai, Jeong Ha Kim, J. Mayakun","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.015","url":null,"abstract":"Territorial damselfi sh are herbivorous fi sh that help maintain algal diversity and abundance by aggressive territorial defense and algal farming. We investigated the effect of territorial damselfi sh on algal diversity and abundance on a reef at Ko Taen, Surat Thani Province, Thailand. Ten permanent patches (20 × 20 cm2) were set up inside and ten outside damselfi sh territory and monitored bimonthly. We found 22 macroalgal species with fi ve dominant species: Polysiphonia sp., Padina minor, Ulva compressa, Gelidium pusillum, and Lobophora variegata. The abundance of Polysiphonia sp. was signifi cantly higher inside damselfi sh territory than outside. In contrast, the abundances of Gelidium pusillum, Padina minor, and Ulva compressa were slightly higher outside the territory. It might be perhaps because their feeding behavior, territorial defense, and farming activities altered the benthic community. These damselfi shes exclude other herbivorous fi shes from their territories and remove unpalatable algae and maintain their algal food crop. For species diversity, there was no signifi cant difference between algal species diversity outside and inside damselfi sh territories. Our results indicated that damselfi shes have a strong effect on algal abundance and composition.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139590775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Thanomsit, S. Saowakoon, Witchuda Prasatkaew, Sawipa Ruttanakorn, J. Nanuam, Chanpim Kangpanich, Kosit Sreeputhorn, P. Meemon
In this study, a Frequency Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (FD-OCT) system was utilized for non-invasive imaging of the giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) to analyze its anatomy and physiology. Seven tissue parts were examined: both stalked eyes (compound eyes), both sides of the carapace, the middle and lower ventral abdominal segments, and the uropod. The results indicated that FD-OCT was effective in detecting all the tissues studied. The deepest area detected was the eyestalks, with a range of approximately 930-1000 μm, while the shallowest detected areas were the ventral and dorsal segments, ranging from approximately 0-100 μm to 300-500 μm. This variance in detection range may be attributed to the dense exoskeleton and muscle bundles, which result in lower penetration in the ventral and dorsal segments compared to the eyestalks. Overall, this study demonstrated that FD-OCT can provide valuable insights into the tissue structure of giant river prawns and other crustaceans, offering significant benefits for further anatomical and physiological research.
{"title":"Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Alterations Choice for Aquatic Organism Anatomy and Morphology Analysis: A Case Study of A Giant River Prawn (Macrobrachium Rosenbergii)","authors":"C. Thanomsit, S. Saowakoon, Witchuda Prasatkaew, Sawipa Ruttanakorn, J. Nanuam, Chanpim Kangpanich, Kosit Sreeputhorn, P. Meemon","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.202.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.202.019","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a Frequency Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (FD-OCT) system was utilized for non-invasive imaging of the giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) to analyze its anatomy and physiology. Seven tissue parts were examined: both stalked eyes (compound eyes), both sides of the carapace, the middle and lower ventral abdominal segments, and the uropod. The results indicated that FD-OCT was effective in detecting all the tissues studied. The deepest area detected was the eyestalks, with a range of approximately 930-1000 μm, while the shallowest detected areas were the ventral and dorsal segments, ranging from approximately 0-100 μm to 300-500 μm. This variance in detection range may be attributed to the dense exoskeleton and muscle bundles, which result in lower penetration in the ventral and dorsal segments compared to the eyestalks. Overall, this study demonstrated that FD-OCT can provide valuable insights into the tissue structure of giant river prawns and other crustaceans, offering significant benefits for further anatomical and physiological research.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140473509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jemisha Dudhat, Napapohn Kajadpai, Jirameth Angchuan, Varunya Sakpuntoon, N. Srisuk
The diversity of yeasts isolated from food waste at 40 °C was investigated and a total of 393 isolates were obtained. Yeasts were identifi ed using the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene analysis. Only one (0.25%) basidiomycetous yeast was found, whereas the rest of the yeast isolates (99.75%) were ascomycetous. Candida tropicalis was the most prevalent species, with the highest frequency of occurrence, 86.67%, and the highest relative frequency, 26.97%. The yeast community in food waste exhibits great species diversity and evenness, as shown by the Shannon– Wiener index of 3.03 and Shannon’s Equitability index of 0.89. All yeast isolates were screened for their thermotolerance. Among 393 yeast isolates, 114 were found to be thermotolerant. Three yeasts, viz. Candida parapsilosis JS2-5, Wickerhamiella infanticola JS2-2, and C. parapsilosis JED8-65 were found to be high amylase, lipase, and protease producers on agar plates, yielding 946.97 ± 29.35 amylase U/mL, 153.93 ± 5.43 lipase U/mL, and 7.86 ± 0.02 protease U/mL under submerged cultivation at 40 °C. The overall fi ndings emphasize the species diversity of the yeast community and hydrolytic enzyme-producing capabilities within the thermotolerant yeast of food waste.
{"title":"Diversity of Yeasts from Food Waste and Their Potential for Thermotolerance and Hydrolytic Enzyme Production","authors":"Jemisha Dudhat, Napapohn Kajadpai, Jirameth Angchuan, Varunya Sakpuntoon, N. Srisuk","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.012","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity of yeasts isolated from food waste at 40 °C was investigated and a total of 393 isolates were obtained. Yeasts were identifi ed using the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene analysis. Only one (0.25%) basidiomycetous yeast was found, whereas the rest of the yeast isolates (99.75%) were ascomycetous. Candida tropicalis was the most prevalent species, with the highest frequency of occurrence, 86.67%, and the highest relative frequency, 26.97%. The yeast community in food waste exhibits great species diversity and evenness, as shown by the Shannon– Wiener index of 3.03 and Shannon’s Equitability index of 0.89. All yeast isolates were screened for their thermotolerance. Among 393 yeast isolates, 114 were found to be thermotolerant. Three yeasts, viz. Candida parapsilosis JS2-5, Wickerhamiella infanticola JS2-2, and C. parapsilosis JED8-65 were found to be high amylase, lipase, and protease producers on agar plates, yielding 946.97 ± 29.35 amylase U/mL, 153.93 ± 5.43 lipase U/mL, and 7.86 ± 0.02 protease U/mL under submerged cultivation at 40 °C. The overall fi ndings emphasize the species diversity of the yeast community and hydrolytic enzyme-producing capabilities within the thermotolerant yeast of food waste.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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