Ramesh Basnet, Anping Du, Li Tan, Ling Guo, Yanglin Jin, Z. Yi, Tianfang Huang, Yang Fang, Hai Zhao
Duc kweeds are becoming an emerging plant protein source as it may be produced in a more efficient and eco-friendly manner than other major crops. Screening is essential for tapping the desired traits. We conducted the screening on 32 Lemna species and accessions available in the Gene Bank. It follows two steps screening, primary screening involved culturing in 1/5 strength Hoagland Solution (HS) for one week. Based on protein %, the best three strains were cultured two sets ammonium and nitrate nitrogen source. Based on both biomass and protein content, D0158 strain was identified as the best. Then, the strain was optimized in five different parameters. In our study, we found that a longer photoperiod resulted in greater biomass accumulation and a lower percentage of protein. There was a 6.51% increase in crude protein, rising from 30.97% to 33.13% and dry biomass growth rate increase of 54.48% from 4.35 to 6.72 g/m2/d. The findings can be used to enhance the duckweed indoor cultivation system. Additionally, this protocol can be applied to other duckweed strains for similar purposes.
{"title":"Investigation on Selection, Improvement of Biomass Production and Protein Content in Duckweeds (Lemna Strains)","authors":"Ramesh Basnet, Anping Du, Li Tan, Ling Guo, Yanglin Jin, Z. Yi, Tianfang Huang, Yang Fang, Hai Zhao","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.065","url":null,"abstract":"Duc kweeds are becoming an emerging plant protein source as it may be produced in a more efficient and eco-friendly manner than other major crops. Screening is essential for tapping the desired traits. We conducted the screening on 32 Lemna species and accessions available in the Gene Bank. It follows two steps screening, primary screening involved culturing in 1/5 strength Hoagland Solution (HS) for one week. Based on protein %, the best three strains were cultured two sets ammonium and nitrate nitrogen source. Based on both biomass and protein content, D0158 strain was identified as the best. Then, the strain was optimized in five different parameters. In our study, we found that a longer photoperiod resulted in greater biomass accumulation and a lower percentage of protein. There was a 6.51% increase in crude protein, rising from 30.97% to 33.13% and dry biomass growth rate increase of 54.48% from 4.35 to 6.72 g/m2/d. The findings can be used to enhance the duckweed indoor cultivation system. Additionally, this protocol can be applied to other duckweed strains for similar purposes.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bamboo shoots are a significant agricultural commodity in Thailand. Processing bamboo shoots generates considerable waste, which poses logistical and environmental challenges. This study explored the enhancement of physicochemical properties of dietary fiber (DF) extracted from bamboo shoot waste through various enzyme combinations and sequences. The shoot base and strip portions were treated with combinations of amylase, protease, glucoamylase, lipase, cellulase, and xylanase. The highest DF yields were obtained from the shoot base using amylase, protease, and lipase (APL; 15.37±0.22 g/100 g), and from the shoot strip using amylase, glucoamylase, and protease (AGP; 9.43±0.06 g/100 g). Lipase-containing treatments increased soluble DF (SDF) content. Color, water-holding capacity (WHC), swelling capacity (SC), and oil-binding capacity (OBC) were analyzed. WHC and SC were notably enhanced by lipase-containing treatments (bamboo shoot strip: WHC 14.06±1.80 g/g with APL-X and SC 11.89±2.11 mL/g with APL-G; bamboo shoot base: WHC 10.46±0.37 g/g with AGP-L and SC 8.71±0.30 mL/g with AGP-L). The findings demonstrate that specific enzyme combinations can significantly improve the functional properties of dietary fiber extracted from bamboo shoot waste. This valorization of waste material has the potential to create value-added food and supplement products.
{"title":"Enzymatic Modification of Dietary Fiber from Bamboo Shoot Byproduct","authors":"Kamonlak Chailangka, Rawisara Ruenwai, Trakul Prommajak, Ratana Attabhanyo","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.055","url":null,"abstract":"Bamboo shoots are a significant agricultural commodity in Thailand. Processing bamboo shoots generates considerable waste, which poses logistical and environmental challenges. This study explored the enhancement of physicochemical properties of dietary fiber (DF) extracted from bamboo shoot waste through various enzyme combinations and sequences. The shoot base and strip portions were treated with combinations of amylase, protease, glucoamylase, lipase, cellulase, and xylanase. The highest DF yields were obtained from the shoot base using amylase, protease, and lipase (APL; 15.37±0.22 g/100 g), and from the shoot strip using amylase, glucoamylase, and protease (AGP; 9.43±0.06 g/100 g). Lipase-containing treatments increased soluble DF (SDF) content. Color, water-holding capacity (WHC), swelling capacity (SC), and oil-binding capacity (OBC) were analyzed. WHC and SC were notably enhanced by lipase-containing treatments (bamboo shoot strip: WHC 14.06±1.80 g/g with APL-X and SC 11.89±2.11 mL/g with APL-G; bamboo shoot base: WHC 10.46±0.37 g/g with AGP-L and SC 8.71±0.30 mL/g with AGP-L). The findings demonstrate that specific enzyme combinations can significantly improve the functional properties of dietary fiber extracted from bamboo shoot waste. This valorization of waste material has the potential to create value-added food and supplement products.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hai Song Woon, Keerthan Naidu, L. S. Ewe, L. Ean, Kean Pah Lim
Iron o xide waste from acid regeneration plants (ARP) is often discarded due to its non-profitability. This research aims to introduce a value-added process to convert iron oxide waste into red pigment via rod milling process. The iron oxide waste collected from ARP was grinded with a rod milling machine at 30 rpm for 24 hours. The ground product was then mixed with industrial-grade red pigment in various ratios. The mixed samples were then rod-milled again into ultra-fine particles. A total of seven samples were prepared, applied onto a canvas and analysed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. From the analyses, the existence, composition, and orientation of iron oxide were established. The waste-derived red pigments were subsequently subjected to particle size analysis on a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) platform, with results showcasing the efficiency of the rod milling process. Colour-related properties of the samples before and after canvas application were investigated using the L*a*b* system with a chromameter. Empirical outcomes indicated that the a* value plays an important role in determining the redness of the sample. Overall, the a* values obtained were above 15 and gradually increased in accordance to the amount of industrial-grade red pigment added. The oil absorptivity of red pigments was also tested via an oil absorptivity test. Notably, the assay signified that particle size and porosity affect the amount of oil that can be absorbed by the pigment.
酸再生工厂（ARP）产生的氧化铁废料通常因其非营利性而被丢弃。本研究旨在引入一种增值工艺，通过棒磨工艺将氧化铁废料转化为红色颜料。从 ARP 收集的氧化铁废料用棒磨机以每分钟 30 转的转速研磨 24 小时。然后将研磨产品与工业级红色颜料按不同比例混合。然后将混合样品再次棒磨成超细颗粒。总共制备了七个样品，将其涂在画布上，并用能量色散 X 射线光谱法（EDX）和 X 射线衍射法（XRD）进行分析。通过分析，确定了氧化铁的存在、成分和取向。随后，在扫描电子显微镜（SEM）平台上对废物衍生红色颜料进行了粒度分析，结果显示了棒磨工艺的效率。使用色度计的 L*a*b* 系统对涂布前后样品的颜色相关特性进行了研究。经验结果表明，a* 值在确定样品的红度方面起着重要作用。总的来说，所获得的 a* 值都在 15 以上，并且随着工业级红色颜料添加量的增加而逐渐增大。此外，还通过吸油率测试对红色颜料的吸油率进行了检测。检测结果表明，颗粒大小和孔隙率会影响颜料的吸油量。
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Red Pigment from Acid Regeneration Plant (ARP) By-product Via Rod Milling Process","authors":"Hai Song Woon, Keerthan Naidu, L. S. Ewe, L. Ean, Kean Pah Lim","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.059","url":null,"abstract":"Iron o xide waste from acid regeneration plants (ARP) is often discarded due to its non-profitability. This research aims to introduce a value-added process to convert iron oxide waste into red pigment via rod milling process. The iron oxide waste collected from ARP was grinded with a rod milling machine at 30 rpm for 24 hours. The ground product was then mixed with industrial-grade red pigment in various ratios. The mixed samples were then rod-milled again into ultra-fine particles. A total of seven samples were prepared, applied onto a canvas and analysed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. From the analyses, the existence, composition, and orientation of iron oxide were established. The waste-derived red pigments were subsequently subjected to particle size analysis on a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) platform, with results showcasing the efficiency of the rod milling process. Colour-related properties of the samples before and after canvas application were investigated using the L*a*b* system with a chromameter. Empirical outcomes indicated that the a* value plays an important role in determining the redness of the sample. Overall, the a* values obtained were above 15 and gradually increased in accordance to the amount of industrial-grade red pigment added. The oil absorptivity of red pigments was also tested via an oil absorptivity test. Notably, the assay signified that particle size and porosity affect the amount of oil that can be absorbed by the pigment.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silv er nanoparticles (AgNPs) are already used as antibacterial agents for medical devices and food packaging materials. However, concerns about its toxicity still exist. AgNPs can be incorporated into ultrathin polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films to minimize this risk. With PEMs, full surface coverage can be achieved with minimal AgNPs, minimizing human exposure. In this study, a simple protocol to fabricate ultrathin PEM/AgNP films using sodium ascorbate as a reductant was developed. The effects of the number of bilayers and ionic strength (0.05 to 0.50 M) on film thickness and amount of AgNPs were investigated. UV/VIS spectra show that increasing the number of bilayers from 1 to 5 would lead to a corresponding increase in film thickness and amount of synthesized AgNPs. Thicker layers and more AgNPs were deposited when the films were fabricated under higher ionic strengths. Films with thicknesses ranging from 15.67 to 87.13 nm were fabricated. The sizes of the incorporated AgNPs were between 54.32 and 259.26 nm, as characterized by scanning electron microscopy. All films were stable when submerged in water for 240 h, suggesting the migration of Ag/Ag+ from the films was minimal. The antibacterial efficacy of the films against Staphylococcus aureus was also assessed. Only the PEM/AgNP films fabricated with the highest salt concentration (0.50 M) showed antibacterial activity under resazurin assay. However, the Kirby Bauer method showed inhibition zones for all films fabricated under all salt concentrations, indicating antibacterial activity at the interface of the bacterial lawn and the films, even with the slow migration of Ag/Ag+. Thus, PEM/AgNP films have the potential to be used as an antibacterial coating.
{"title":"Ultrathin Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films with Silver Nanoparticles as a Potential Antibacterial Coating","authors":"Meluzvia Marie Amora, N. G. Fundador, E. Fundador","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.061","url":null,"abstract":"Silv er nanoparticles (AgNPs) are already used as antibacterial agents for medical devices and food packaging materials. However, concerns about its toxicity still exist. AgNPs can be incorporated into ultrathin polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films to minimize this risk. With PEMs, full surface coverage can be achieved with minimal AgNPs, minimizing human exposure. In this study, a simple protocol to fabricate ultrathin PEM/AgNP films using sodium ascorbate as a reductant was developed. The effects of the number of bilayers and ionic strength (0.05 to 0.50 M) on film thickness and amount of AgNPs were investigated. UV/VIS spectra show that increasing the number of bilayers from 1 to 5 would lead to a corresponding increase in film thickness and amount of synthesized AgNPs. Thicker layers and more AgNPs were deposited when the films were fabricated under higher ionic strengths. Films with thicknesses ranging from 15.67 to 87.13 nm were fabricated. The sizes of the incorporated AgNPs were between 54.32 and 259.26 nm, as characterized by scanning electron microscopy. All films were stable when submerged in water for 240 h, suggesting the migration of Ag/Ag+ from the films was minimal. The antibacterial efficacy of the films against Staphylococcus aureus was also assessed. Only the PEM/AgNP films fabricated with the highest salt concentration (0.50 M) showed antibacterial activity under resazurin assay. However, the Kirby Bauer method showed inhibition zones for all films fabricated under all salt concentrations, indicating antibacterial activity at the interface of the bacterial lawn and the films, even with the slow migration of Ag/Ag+. Thus, PEM/AgNP films have the potential to be used as an antibacterial coating.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ara Fatima A. Carbonera, L. Atienza, M. Estacio, S. M. Duque, Rona Camille M. Lizardo-Agustin, K. Castillo-Israel
Bigna y is a Philippine indigenous berry rich in phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. This can be dehydrated and used as a functional ingredient, but dehydration followed by digestion results to changes in the bioactive compounds modifying their bioaccessibility. Most bioaccessibility studies are on different fresh berries and fruits while very limited on dried or processed fruits. Thus, this study investigated the effect of simulated digestion on the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of freeze dried, oven dried, and spray dried bignay as well as cookies with added dehydrated bignay. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays were determined. The TPC, TFC, TAC, and antioxidant activity of the dehydrated bignay and cookies showed significant differences (p≤ 0.05) at the end of each digestion stage. Among the dehydrated samples, the freeze dried bignay had the highest TPC, TFC, TAC and antioxidant activity after the gastric and intestinal stages resulting in a bioaccessibility of 66.39 % for TPC, 78.93 % for TFC, and 70.43 % for TAC along with a bioaccessibility of 81.45 % for DPPH, 82.28 % for FRAP, and 75.64 % for ABTS. Furthermore, the cookies with the added freeze dried bignay had the highest TPC, TFC, TAC and antioxidant activity at the end of both gastric and intestinal stages. This resulted in a bioaccessibility of 48.85 % for TPC, 47.26 % for TFC, 33.16 % for TAC, 62.60 % for DPPH, 64.39 % for FRAP, and 36.39 % for ABTS. Simulated digestion favored the release of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity, although the contents were lower than that obtained before the simulated digestion. The total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanin, and antioxidant activity were better preserved by freeze drying followed by oven drying and least by spray drying.
{"title":"Effects of Simulated Digestion on the Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Dehydrated Bignay [Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng]","authors":"Ara Fatima A. Carbonera, L. Atienza, M. Estacio, S. M. Duque, Rona Camille M. Lizardo-Agustin, K. Castillo-Israel","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.032","url":null,"abstract":"Bigna y is a Philippine indigenous berry rich in phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. This can be dehydrated and used as a functional ingredient, but dehydration followed by digestion results to changes in the bioactive compounds modifying their bioaccessibility. Most bioaccessibility studies are on different fresh berries and fruits while very limited on dried or processed fruits. Thus, this study investigated the effect of simulated digestion on the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of freeze dried, oven dried, and spray dried bignay as well as cookies with added dehydrated bignay. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays were determined. The TPC, TFC, TAC, and antioxidant activity of the dehydrated bignay and cookies showed significant differences (p≤ 0.05) at the end of each digestion stage. Among the dehydrated samples, the freeze dried bignay had the highest TPC, TFC, TAC and antioxidant activity after the gastric and intestinal stages resulting in a bioaccessibility of 66.39 % for TPC, 78.93 % for TFC, and 70.43 % for TAC along with a bioaccessibility of 81.45 % for DPPH, 82.28 % for FRAP, and 75.64 % for ABTS. Furthermore, the cookies with the added freeze dried bignay had the highest TPC, TFC, TAC and antioxidant activity at the end of both gastric and intestinal stages. This resulted in a bioaccessibility of 48.85 % for TPC, 47.26 % for TFC, 33.16 % for TAC, 62.60 % for DPPH, 64.39 % for FRAP, and 36.39 % for ABTS. Simulated digestion favored the release of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity, although the contents were lower than that obtained before the simulated digestion. The total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanin, and antioxidant activity were better preserved by freeze drying followed by oven drying and least by spray drying.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiraporn Paoaiang, Prukraya Pongyeela, Nirana Chairerk, J. Chungsiriporn
Hydrogen sulfi de (H2S) is a hazardous gas commonly found in biogas systems; it causes problems in biogas utilization because H2S is highly corrosive to engines, gas storage tanks, and generators. The purpose of this research was to study the biogas upgrading by removing H2S using SCM440 type steel wool (Fe2O3) adsorption combined with water absorption. The biogas upgrading column was operated at a biogas fl ow rate of 0.5–3 l/min, with 10–50 g of treated Fe2O3 adsorbent packed in the middle of the column, and 60–300 ml of water contained at the bottom of the column. The optimal conditions obtained by the RSM for maximum H2S removal were 1 l/min gas fl ow rate, 40 g Fe2O3 and 240 ml water, can be H2S removal of 50.79 g/m3 biogas. Statistical, ANOVA analysis showed that Fe2O3 was the most signifi cant factor followed by water and gas fl ow rate. RSM models showed acceptable prediction of experimental data with maximum R2 value of 0.9804. The Fe2O3 regeneration conditions were examined at air fl ow rates of 1–4 l/min, regeneration times of 1–4 h, and 1–4 repeated uses for H2S removal. The optimum condition was found at a 2 l/min air fl ow rate for 2 h, resulting in a maximum H2S removal of 97.39%. Hence, the Fe2O3 adsorbent combined with water absorption technique has high potential for environmentally friendly and low-cost removal of H2S from biogas at an industrial level.
{"title":"H2S Removal from Biogas using Steel Wool (Fe2O3) Adsorption Combined with Water Absorption: Experimental and Modelling via RSM","authors":"Jiraporn Paoaiang, Prukraya Pongyeela, Nirana Chairerk, J. Chungsiriporn","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.027","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen sulfi de (H2S) is a hazardous gas commonly found in biogas systems; it causes problems in biogas utilization because H2S is highly corrosive to engines, gas storage tanks, and generators. The purpose of this research was to study the biogas upgrading by removing H2S using SCM440 type steel wool (Fe2O3) adsorption combined with water absorption. The biogas upgrading column was operated at a biogas fl ow rate of 0.5–3 l/min, with 10–50 g of treated Fe2O3 adsorbent packed in the middle of the column, and 60–300 ml of water contained at the bottom of the column. The optimal conditions obtained by the RSM for maximum H2S removal were 1 l/min gas fl ow rate, 40 g Fe2O3 and 240 ml water, can be H2S removal of 50.79 g/m3 biogas. Statistical, ANOVA analysis showed that Fe2O3 was the most signifi cant factor followed by water and gas fl ow rate. RSM models showed acceptable prediction of experimental data with maximum R2 value of 0.9804. The Fe2O3 regeneration conditions were examined at air fl ow rates of 1–4 l/min, regeneration times of 1–4 h, and 1–4 repeated uses for H2S removal. The optimum condition was found at a 2 l/min air fl ow rate for 2 h, resulting in a maximum H2S removal of 97.39%. Hence, the Fe2O3 adsorbent combined with water absorption technique has high potential for environmentally friendly and low-cost removal of H2S from biogas at an industrial level.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ant hracene and pyrene derivatives have been widely studied as emitting materials in optoelectronic devices due to their excellent fluorescence properties. In the present study, two novel blue fluorophores from anthracene and pyrene (PAP and PTATP) were successfully synthesized using a Suzuki-cross coupling reaction and their photophysical properties were elucidated. PTATP with an extended p-conjugation system had a fluorescence emission maximum in green-blue region at 475 nm, whereas PAP, with a shorter conjugation length, emitted pure-blue emission peak at 442 nm. The study of absorption and emission spectra in various solvents found that both compounds produced solvent-independent spectra due to their non-polar molecules. In addition, the aggregation-caused quenching phenomenon was observed, when the emission spectra were recorded in high water fraction solvent.
蒽和芘衍生物因其优异的荧光特性而被广泛研究用作光电器件中的发光材料。本研究利用铃木交叉偶联反应成功合成了两种新型蒽和芘蓝色荧光团（PAP 和 PTATP），并阐明了它们的光物理特性。具有加长 p 共轭体系的 PTATP 在 475 纳米波长处具有绿蓝色区域的荧光发射最大值，而共轭长度较短的 PAP 则在 442 纳米波长处发出纯蓝色发射峰。在各种溶剂中对吸收和发射光谱的研究发现，这两种化合物都能产生与溶剂无关的光谱，这是因为它们都是非极性分子。此外，在高水分溶剂中记录发射光谱时，还观察到了聚集引起的淬灭现象。
{"title":"Anthracene and Pyrene Derivatives as Blue Fluorophores: Synthesis, Characterization and Photophysical Properties","authors":"Teadkait Kaewpuang, Sarinya Hadsadee, Siriporn Jungsuttiwong, Tanika Khanasa","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.020","url":null,"abstract":"Ant hracene and pyrene derivatives have been widely studied as emitting materials in optoelectronic devices due to their excellent fluorescence properties. In the present study, two novel blue fluorophores from anthracene and pyrene (PAP and PTATP) were successfully synthesized using a Suzuki-cross coupling reaction and their photophysical properties were elucidated. PTATP with an extended p-conjugation system had a fluorescence emission maximum in green-blue region at 475 nm, whereas PAP, with a shorter conjugation length, emitted pure-blue emission peak at 442 nm. The study of absorption and emission spectra in various solvents found that both compounds produced solvent-independent spectra due to their non-polar molecules. In addition, the aggregation-caused quenching phenomenon was observed, when the emission spectra were recorded in high water fraction solvent.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teow Chong Teoh, M. Rizman-Idid, H. J. Wong, N. Mohamad-Fauzi, Nurlizah Abu Bakar, Jerzy Smykla, Siti Aisyah Alias
Polar micro-fungi are known to have developed protective mechanisms and responses against the harmful effects of UV radiation. In this study, physiological, cellular, and transcriptomic responses of an Arctic fungal strain of Pseudogymnoascus australis towards UV-B radiation were examined. Fungal isolate was cultured on 0.45μm nylon membranes overlayed on Czapex-Dox agar (CDA) at 15ºC for 10 d in dark condition to reach the mid-log phase. To assess DNA damage and recovery, the isolates were exposed to UV-B radiation (UV dosage of 6.1 kj m-2 d-1) for 130 min, followed by 0, 2 and 6 hr incubation under light condition. Differential gene expression in DNA repair after UV-B treatment at these time points was analysed based on RNA-Seq data output of 40 million reads per sample from an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 system platform. The results revealed that radiation-repair (RAD) genes were upregulated and the photoreactivation (PHR1) gene was downregulated after UV-B exposure in light condition. Downregulation of oxidoreductase activity was observed from the GO enrichment analysis. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis exhibited upregulation of base excision repair (BER) genes and nucleotide excision repair (NER) genes upon UV-B exposure. This is the fi rst RNASeq transcriptomic study on the DNA repair mechanisms employed by a polar fungus to mitigate UV-induced DNA damage.
{"title":"Transcriptomic Evidence of Base and Nucleotide Excision Repair Mechanisms in Response to UV-B Radiation in an Arctic Fungus Pseudogymnoascus australis Strain HNDR4","authors":"Teow Chong Teoh, M. Rizman-Idid, H. J. Wong, N. Mohamad-Fauzi, Nurlizah Abu Bakar, Jerzy Smykla, Siti Aisyah Alias","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.029","url":null,"abstract":"Polar micro-fungi are known to have developed protective mechanisms and responses against the harmful effects of UV radiation. In this study, physiological, cellular, and transcriptomic responses of an Arctic fungal strain of Pseudogymnoascus australis towards UV-B radiation were examined. Fungal isolate was cultured on 0.45μm nylon membranes overlayed on Czapex-Dox agar (CDA) at 15ºC for 10 d in dark condition to reach the mid-log phase. To assess DNA damage and recovery, the isolates were exposed to UV-B radiation (UV dosage of 6.1 kj m-2 d-1) for 130 min, followed by 0, 2 and 6 hr incubation under light condition. Differential gene expression in DNA repair after UV-B treatment at these time points was analysed based on RNA-Seq data output of 40 million reads per sample from an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 system platform. The results revealed that radiation-repair (RAD) genes were upregulated and the photoreactivation (PHR1) gene was downregulated after UV-B exposure in light condition. Downregulation of oxidoreductase activity was observed from the GO enrichment analysis. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis exhibited upregulation of base excision repair (BER) genes and nucleotide excision repair (NER) genes upon UV-B exposure. This is the fi rst RNASeq transcriptomic study on the DNA repair mechanisms employed by a polar fungus to mitigate UV-induced DNA damage.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140366330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental changes can significantly affect heavy metals behave in soil. Currently, we know little about the impact of crude oil contamination on heavy metal fractions in soil, with few studies available on heavy metal fraction transformation under the composite action of freeze-thaw and crude oil contamination. In this study, soil samples were collected from the Momoge Wetland in the Songnen Plain. Properties including pH, cation exchange capacity, calcium carbonate, free iron oxide, dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and cadmium (Cd) fractions under freeze-thaw, crude oil contamination, and the two combined (composite action) were analysed. The results show that under freeze-thaw, crude oil contamination, and composite action, soil properties changed significantly; soil water-soluble Cd content significantly increased by 54.17%, 62.50%, and 33.33% from control levels, respectively; soil ion-exchangeable Cd content decreased significantly by 10.90%, 23.73%, and 18.64% from control levels, respectively; soil residual Cd content significantly increased by 80.36%, 94.64%, and 132.14% from control levels, respectively; carbonate-bound, humic acid-bound, Fe-Mn oxide-bound, and strongly organic-bound Cd did not change significantly. Soil dissolved organic carbon, pH, CaCO3, and free iron oxide were significantly correlated with water-soluble, ion-exchangeable, carbonate-bound, and Fe-Mn oxide-bound Cd, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for evaluating soil Cd behaves in crude oil contaminated wetlands in cold regions.
{"title":"Research on the Transformation Mechanism of Soil Cadmium Fractions under the Conditions of Freeze-thaw and Crude Oil Contamination in Wetlands in the Songnen Plain, China","authors":"Yazhi Song, Tiejun Song, Yang Hao","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.031","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental changes can significantly affect heavy metals behave in soil. Currently, we know little about the impact of crude oil contamination on heavy metal fractions in soil, with few studies available on heavy metal fraction transformation under the composite action of freeze-thaw and crude oil contamination. In this study, soil samples were collected from the Momoge Wetland in the Songnen Plain. Properties including pH, cation exchange capacity, calcium carbonate, free iron oxide, dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and cadmium (Cd) fractions under freeze-thaw, crude oil contamination, and the two combined (composite action) were analysed. The results show that under freeze-thaw, crude oil contamination, and composite action, soil properties changed significantly; soil water-soluble Cd content significantly increased by 54.17%, 62.50%, and 33.33% from control levels, respectively; soil ion-exchangeable Cd content decreased significantly by 10.90%, 23.73%, and 18.64% from control levels, respectively; soil residual Cd content significantly increased by 80.36%, 94.64%, and 132.14% from control levels, respectively; carbonate-bound, humic acid-bound, Fe-Mn oxide-bound, and strongly organic-bound Cd did not change significantly. Soil dissolved organic carbon, pH, CaCO3, and free iron oxide were significantly correlated with water-soluble, ion-exchangeable, carbonate-bound, and Fe-Mn oxide-bound Cd, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for evaluating soil Cd behaves in crude oil contaminated wetlands in cold regions.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Abdullah, Nur Aisyah Shafie, M. N. A. Seman, S. B. Abdullah
Forward osmosis (FO) has become a technology with great potential for numerous applications, including water desalination. One of the critical factors in determining the FO performance is the selection of the appropriate membrane material that compatible with draw solution. In this study, commercial cellulose triacetate (CTA) and aquaporin-based membranes, as well as a fabricated PES/PVP membrane, were used, with 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]) as the thermo-responsive ionic liquid (TRIL) draw solution. The bench scale of FO system was setup upon co-currently flow rate of 60.0 mL/ min at room temperature. The 7 % PVP with 15 % PES had the best performance, with the highest water flux (Jw) (4.93 LMH), lowest reverse solute diffusion (RSD) (0.43 gMH). The fabricated membrane demonstrated a significantly higher performance compared to the commercial aquaporin-based FO membrane, with an improvement of approximately 60%.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Forward Osmosis Membranes for Desalination Applications","authors":"M. A. Abdullah, Nur Aisyah Shafie, M. N. A. Seman, S. B. Abdullah","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2024.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.026","url":null,"abstract":"Forward osmosis (FO) has become a technology with great potential for numerous applications, including water desalination. One of the critical factors in determining the FO performance is the selection of the appropriate membrane material that compatible with draw solution. In this study, commercial cellulose triacetate (CTA) and aquaporin-based membranes, as well as a fabricated PES/PVP membrane, were used, with 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]) as the thermo-responsive ionic liquid (TRIL) draw solution. The bench scale of FO system was setup upon co-currently flow rate of 60.0 mL/ min at room temperature. The 7 % PVP with 15 % PES had the best performance, with the highest water flux (Jw) (4.93 LMH), lowest reverse solute diffusion (RSD) (0.43 gMH). The fabricated membrane demonstrated a significantly higher performance compared to the commercial aquaporin-based FO membrane, with an improvement of approximately 60%.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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