Warunee Khampa, Woraprom Passatorntaschakorn, Wongsathon Musikpan, A. Gardchareon, P. Ruankham, D. Wongratanaphisan
T he electron transporting layer (ETL) is a critical component for carbon-based planar Cs0.17FA0.83Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs), as it facilitates efficient charge transport between the perovskite material and the cathode. The low temperature processed TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) ETL (150°C) are widely employed in C-PSCs. However, the dispersion of commercial TiO2 NPs in colloid solution is often unstable, leading to particle agglomeration and sedimentation, which negatively affects the performance of C-PSCs. Therefore, it is crucial to achieve stable dispersion of TiO2 NPs in colloid solution before their application as ETL in C-PSCs. Furthermore, the surface properties of the TiO2 ETL such as the uniformity of film significantly impact the overall performance of C-PSCs. The objective of this study was to optimize the TiO2 ETL by investigating the dispersion of TiO2 NPs and varying their concentration in the solution for applying in ambient-atmosphere fabricated C-PSCs. The TiO2 NPs were dispersed in different solvents, including isopropanol, ethanol, and water. As a result, ethanol was the most effective solvent for dispersing TiO2 NPs, demonstrating the best dispersion stability. The concentration of TiO2 NPs in ethanol was then varied between 10-70 mg/ml. The results showed that the optimal concentration was 50 mg/ml, as it produced a high-quality ETL with a more uniform TiO2 film. This optimized TiO2 ETL in C-PSCs resulted in the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.10% with FF, VOC, and JSC values of 65.50%, 1.02 V, and 19.52 mA/cm2, respectively.
{"title":"Optimal TiO2 Nanoparticles Electron Transporting Layer for Highly Efficient Ambient-atmosphere Fabricated Carbon-based Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Warunee Khampa, Woraprom Passatorntaschakorn, Wongsathon Musikpan, A. Gardchareon, P. Ruankham, D. Wongratanaphisan","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.072","url":null,"abstract":"T he electron transporting layer (ETL) is a critical component for carbon-based planar Cs0.17FA0.83Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs), as it facilitates efficient charge transport between the perovskite material and the cathode. The low temperature processed TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) ETL (150°C) are widely employed in C-PSCs. However, the dispersion of commercial TiO2 NPs in colloid solution is often unstable, leading to particle agglomeration and sedimentation, which negatively affects the performance of C-PSCs. Therefore, it is crucial to achieve stable dispersion of TiO2 NPs in colloid solution before their application as ETL in C-PSCs. Furthermore, the surface properties of the TiO2 ETL such as the uniformity of film significantly impact the overall performance of C-PSCs. The objective of this study was to optimize the TiO2 ETL by investigating the dispersion of TiO2 NPs and varying their concentration in the solution for applying in ambient-atmosphere fabricated C-PSCs. The TiO2 NPs were dispersed in different solvents, including isopropanol, ethanol, and water. As a result, ethanol was the most effective solvent for dispersing TiO2 NPs, demonstrating the best dispersion stability. The concentration of TiO2 NPs in ethanol was then varied between 10-70 mg/ml. The results showed that the optimal concentration was 50 mg/ml, as it produced a high-quality ETL with a more uniform TiO2 film. This optimized TiO2 ETL in C-PSCs resulted in the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.10% with FF, VOC, and JSC values of 65.50%, 1.02 V, and 19.52 mA/cm2, respectively.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"211 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dorkrak Chaisarn, N. Suwannarach, S. Lumyong, S. Youpensuk, W. Pathom-aree
L eaf spot disease was observed on Riceberry rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the San Pa-Tong District of Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand during the rainy season in September 2015. A single strain of Curvularia was isolated from disease symptoms. To confirm its pathogenicity, the isolated fungus was used to inoculate healthy Riceberry rice leaves. Subsequently, the same fungus was re-isolated from the leaves, displaying similar symptoms to those observed in the field. Morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of nuclear ribosomal DNA, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RBP2) genes were applied to identify the pathogen as Curvularia hominis. This finding represents the first report of C. hominis as the causal agent of leaf spot disease on Riceberry rice in Thailand.
2015 年 9 月雨季期间，在泰国北部清迈府 San Pa-Tong 县的水稻（Oryza sativa L.）上观察到叶斑病。从病害症状中分离出一株 Curvularia。为确认其致病性，分离出的真菌被用于接种健康的水稻叶片。随后，从叶片中再次分离出相同的真菌，其症状与田间观察到的症状相似。通过形态学特征以及核糖体 DNA 内部转录间隔（ITS）和大亚基（LSU）、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（GPDH）和 RNA 聚合酶 II 第二大亚基（RBP2）基因的多基因系统发育分析，确定病原体为 Curvularia hominis。这一发现是泰国首次报道 C. hominis 是稻米叶斑病的病原菌。
{"title":"First Report of Curvularia hominis as a Causal Agent of Riceberry Rice Leaf Spot in Northern Thailand","authors":"Dorkrak Chaisarn, N. Suwannarach, S. Lumyong, S. Youpensuk, W. Pathom-aree","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.066","url":null,"abstract":"L eaf spot disease was observed on Riceberry rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the San Pa-Tong District of Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand during the rainy season in September 2015. A single strain of Curvularia was isolated from disease symptoms. To confirm its pathogenicity, the isolated fungus was used to inoculate healthy Riceberry rice leaves. Subsequently, the same fungus was re-isolated from the leaves, displaying similar symptoms to those observed in the field. Morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of nuclear ribosomal DNA, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RBP2) genes were applied to identify the pathogen as Curvularia hominis. This finding represents the first report of C. hominis as the causal agent of leaf spot disease on Riceberry rice in Thailand.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"119 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139204544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mantira Suksirt, Kasirapat Ariyaanundech, C. Jantasuriyarat
Rice is the most widely consumed staple food in the world, feeding over half of global population. Thailand has long been an important rice producer and exporter, ranked 6th in the world regarding total milled rice yield. Unfortunately, the major problem of rice production worldwide is rice blast disease which caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The most effective method for managing rice blast disease is using resistant rice varieties. One of Thai rice variety that show highly resistance against various rice blast fungus isolates is Jao Hom Nin (JHN) rice, containing broad-spectrum resistance gene, Pi7. However, the identification of resistance genes other than the R gene will confer long-lasting and sustainable resistance to the plant, which lead to identification of genes involved in the plant’s defense against the rice blast fungus in this study. JHN were previously mutagenized with fast-neutron radiation. 2,200 JHN M4 lines were inoculated with mixture of five Thai rice blast fungus isolates. Five susceptible lines lost their resistance due to mutations in the Pi7 gene, while one susceptible line with an intact Pi7 gene could not be characterized as it failed to produce an F1 population. Two moderate resistance lines with intact Pi7 gene were sent for whole-genome resequencing along with JHN wildtype. The sequence comparison between JHN and two mutant lines revealed 491,759 Indel variants. The Indel variants, whose nucleotide sequences differed by less than 10 bp between JHN and mutants, were filtered out. Consequently 33 candidate rice blast defense response genes were predicted to contain high-impact effect Indels, with only 15 of them having predicted functions. Eleven genes were identified as transposons or retrotransposons. Four genes with predicted functions stand out as interesting candidates for future characterization.
{"title":"Screening of Fast-Neutron Mutant Population to Identify Candidate Rice Blast Defense Response Genes","authors":"Mantira Suksirt, Kasirapat Ariyaanundech, C. Jantasuriyarat","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.074","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is the most widely consumed staple food in the world, feeding over half of global population. Thailand has long been an important rice producer and exporter, ranked 6th in the world regarding total milled rice yield. Unfortunately, the major problem of rice production worldwide is rice blast disease which caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The most effective method for managing rice blast disease is using resistant rice varieties. One of Thai rice variety that show highly resistance against various rice blast fungus isolates is Jao Hom Nin (JHN) rice, containing broad-spectrum resistance gene, Pi7. However, the identification of resistance genes other than the R gene will confer long-lasting and sustainable resistance to the plant, which lead to identification of genes involved in the plant’s defense against the rice blast fungus in this study. JHN were previously mutagenized with fast-neutron radiation. 2,200 JHN M4 lines were inoculated with mixture of five Thai rice blast fungus isolates. Five susceptible lines lost their resistance due to mutations in the Pi7 gene, while one susceptible line with an intact Pi7 gene could not be characterized as it failed to produce an F1 population. Two moderate resistance lines with intact Pi7 gene were sent for whole-genome resequencing along with JHN wildtype. The sequence comparison between JHN and two mutant lines revealed 491,759 Indel variants. The Indel variants, whose nucleotide sequences differed by less than 10 bp between JHN and mutants, were filtered out. Consequently 33 candidate rice blast defense response genes were predicted to contain high-impact effect Indels, with only 15 of them having predicted functions. Eleven genes were identified as transposons or retrotransposons. Four genes with predicted functions stand out as interesting candidates for future characterization.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arif Tjahjono, Nadya Salsabila Frendyta, P. A. Paristiawan
R esearch has been carried out to eliminate of the carbide phase (FeMn)3C at the grain boundaries through a double solution treatment. The process begins, which is heating the steel to a temperature of 1000°C with a holding time of 100 minutes, then hot rolling is carried out by 28%. Furthermore, the steel reheated from room temperature to 1100°C with a holding time of 20 minutes, followed by a double solution treatment process, which is heating the steel gradually from room temperature to 730°C with a holding time of 30 minutes, then heating is continued to a temperature of 1000°C with a holding time of 15 minutes, and quenching by water. SEM mapping shows steel contains Fe, Mn, C, S, Si and Ni elements. XRD characterization showed that the double solution treatment process did not change the constituent phases in the form of Fe3O4, γ-Mn, γ-Fe, α-Fe and MnO2, but reduce the crystalline size from 0.0247 to 0.0223 μm. Based on optical microscope and SEM observations, it can be seen that the double solution treatment process was also able to reduce the grain size from 5.33 to 1.30 μm and remove the carbide (FeMn)3C phase at the grain boundaries, as well as successfully change the morphology from cleavage areas to dimple areas.
{"title":"The Effect of Double Solution Treatment on Changes in the Microstructure of Austenitic Manganese Steel","authors":"Arif Tjahjono, Nadya Salsabila Frendyta, P. A. Paristiawan","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.060","url":null,"abstract":"R esearch has been carried out to eliminate of the carbide phase (FeMn)3C at the grain boundaries through a double solution treatment. The process begins, which is heating the steel to a temperature of 1000°C with a holding time of 100 minutes, then hot rolling is carried out by 28%. Furthermore, the steel reheated from room temperature to 1100°C with a holding time of 20 minutes, followed by a double solution treatment process, which is heating the steel gradually from room temperature to 730°C with a holding time of 30 minutes, then heating is continued to a temperature of 1000°C with a holding time of 15 minutes, and quenching by water. SEM mapping shows steel contains Fe, Mn, C, S, Si and Ni elements. XRD characterization showed that the double solution treatment process did not change the constituent phases in the form of Fe3O4, γ-Mn, γ-Fe, α-Fe and MnO2, but reduce the crystalline size from 0.0247 to 0.0223 μm. Based on optical microscope and SEM observations, it can be seen that the double solution treatment process was also able to reduce the grain size from 5.33 to 1.30 μm and remove the carbide (FeMn)3C phase at the grain boundaries, as well as successfully change the morphology from cleavage areas to dimple areas.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"127 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139206837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kritchanon Suanjan, W. Liamlaem, Nutta Sangnarin Hamjinda, C. Polprasert
T his research evaluated performance of a solar-based electrochemical system as a post-treatment of hospital wastewater contaminated with Ciprofloxacin (CIP), an antibiotic drug. Two laboratory-scale electrochemical units, and consisting of 2-5 anode and 1-4 cathode plates, were employed. Two types of electrode plates, aluminum (Al) and stainless steel (Ss), were installed in the units and their treatment efficiencies were investigated. Optimum conditions of the electrochemical system were determined by using a synthetic wastewater containing 0.01-20 mg/L of CIP (batch system); these experimental results were validated by using an actual hospital wastewater and a solar-based electrochemical system (continuous system). The experimental results of the batch system showed that the maximum CIP removal of 69% could be achieved at 10 minutes of hydraulic retention time (HRT), 18 volts in a voltage of power source (VPS), 83 A/m2 of current density (CD), and 1 cm of inter-electrode distance (IED) on Al plates. Similar results in the continuous system were obtained when the electrochemical system was fed with hospital wastewater containing CIP of about 350 ng/L. Application of solar-based energy in the electrochemical system showed similar efficiency of CIP removal, suggesting the applicability of the clean energy system for post-treatment of hospital wastewater containing antibiotic drugs
{"title":"Performance of Solar-based Electrochemical System as Post-treatment of Hospital Wastewater Contaminated with Ciprofloxacin","authors":"Kritchanon Suanjan, W. Liamlaem, Nutta Sangnarin Hamjinda, C. Polprasert","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.057","url":null,"abstract":"T his research evaluated performance of a solar-based electrochemical system as a post-treatment of hospital wastewater contaminated with Ciprofloxacin (CIP), an antibiotic drug. Two laboratory-scale electrochemical units, and consisting of 2-5 anode and 1-4 cathode plates, were employed. Two types of electrode plates, aluminum (Al) and stainless steel (Ss), were installed in the units and their treatment efficiencies were investigated. Optimum conditions of the electrochemical system were determined by using a synthetic wastewater containing 0.01-20 mg/L of CIP (batch system); these experimental results were validated by using an actual hospital wastewater and a solar-based electrochemical system (continuous system). The experimental results of the batch system showed that the maximum CIP removal of 69% could be achieved at 10 minutes of hydraulic retention time (HRT), 18 volts in a voltage of power source (VPS), 83 A/m2 of current density (CD), and 1 cm of inter-electrode distance (IED) on Al plates. Similar results in the continuous system were obtained when the electrochemical system was fed with hospital wastewater containing CIP of about 350 ng/L. Application of solar-based energy in the electrochemical system showed similar efficiency of CIP removal, suggesting the applicability of the clean energy system for post-treatment of hospital wastewater containing antibiotic drugs","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"1 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wannachai Chatan, Chanapon Khunwong, S. Kupittayanant, Sasitorn Kerdsuknirund, C. Rojviriya, W. Promprom
Dioscorea alata L., commonly known as water yam, has attracted the attention of scientific researchers for its potential anti-diabetic and estrogenic properties. However, the existing literature lacks specific studies on the anti-diabetic and estrogenic effects of D. alata in the context of type 2 diabetic ovariectomized rats. Thus, Our research focuses on investigating the influence of D. alata on the antidiabetic and estrogenic properties in rats. These rats have developed diabetes through a high-fat diet and streptozotocin induction and have also undergone ovariectomy, making them type 2 diabetic ovariectomized rats (T2DM OVX). This comprehensive study both in vitro and in vivo methodologies. We conducted a phytochemical analysis, revealing the presence of key bioactive constituents, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and steroids. The results of our phytochemical screening confirm the remarkable antidiabetic properties of the D. alata extract, as it effectively inhibits α-glucosidase activity, leading to a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose levels. Additionally, it enhances body weight, serum insulin levels, and pancreatic islet size. The extract also demonstrates notable estrogenic effects by significantly increasing uterine wet weight, endometrial and myometrium thickness, bone calcium, and overall bone density, while reducing bone porosity in the T2DM OVX rats. It is important to note that while the D. alata extract exhibits slightly less potent α-glucosidase inhibition compared to acarbose, it showcases potent antidiabetic activity at a dose of 1,000 mg/kg body weight, comparable to Metformin (250 mg/kg body weight). In terms of estrogenic activity, it is slightly less potent than 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg body weight). These findings provide robust evidence supporting the traditional use of D. alata and its efficacy in the context of antidiabetic and estrogenic properties within the T2DM OVX model.
{"title":"Dioscorea alata L. Tubers Ethanol Extract Improves Insulin Resistance and Estrogen Defectively in Type 2 Diabetic Ovariectomized Rats","authors":"Wannachai Chatan, Chanapon Khunwong, S. Kupittayanant, Sasitorn Kerdsuknirund, C. Rojviriya, W. Promprom","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.076","url":null,"abstract":"Dioscorea alata L., commonly known as water yam, has attracted the attention of scientific researchers for its potential anti-diabetic and estrogenic properties. However, the existing literature lacks specific studies on the anti-diabetic and estrogenic effects of D. alata in the context of type 2 diabetic ovariectomized rats. Thus, Our research focuses on investigating the influence of D. alata on the antidiabetic and estrogenic properties in rats. These rats have developed diabetes through a high-fat diet and streptozotocin induction and have also undergone ovariectomy, making them type 2 diabetic ovariectomized rats (T2DM OVX). This comprehensive study both in vitro and in vivo methodologies. We conducted a phytochemical analysis, revealing the presence of key bioactive constituents, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and steroids. The results of our phytochemical screening confirm the remarkable antidiabetic properties of the D. alata extract, as it effectively inhibits α-glucosidase activity, leading to a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose levels. Additionally, it enhances body weight, serum insulin levels, and pancreatic islet size. The extract also demonstrates notable estrogenic effects by significantly increasing uterine wet weight, endometrial and myometrium thickness, bone calcium, and overall bone density, while reducing bone porosity in the T2DM OVX rats. It is important to note that while the D. alata extract exhibits slightly less potent α-glucosidase inhibition compared to acarbose, it showcases potent antidiabetic activity at a dose of 1,000 mg/kg body weight, comparable to Metformin (250 mg/kg body weight). In terms of estrogenic activity, it is slightly less potent than 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg body weight). These findings provide robust evidence supporting the traditional use of D. alata and its efficacy in the context of antidiabetic and estrogenic properties within the T2DM OVX model.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"130 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139206591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biodiesel is a r enewable, biodegradable, and non-toxic fuel derived from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking oils. Biodiesel can be used as a direct replacement for diesel in diesel engines with minimal or no modification, and it has several advantages over conventional diesel. Eggshells, on the other hand, are composed mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), a valuable resource for various industrial and agricultural applications. Improper disposal of eggshells can cause environmental pollution and discarding of eggshells in landfills takes up valuable space and emits potent greenhouse gases such as methane. The current study focuses on biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO) using heterogeneous catalysts from eggshells impregnated with Zinc (Zn) metal. The transesterification process can produce biodiesel using WCO in the presence of a catalyst. The free fatty acid (FFA) of WCO is 0.45 mg KOH/g lower, enabling the transesterification process. The CaCO3 present in the eggshell will be converted into calcium oxide (CaO) after calcination. SEM analysis showed the catalyst’s morphology (CaO and CaO/Zn) changes after undergoing calcination and zinc impregnation processes. In this study, eggshells were utilized as a potential solid catalyst for biodiesel synthesis through transesterification. The reusability of the catalyst was also investigated. The reused catalyst produced an average yield of 65%.
{"title":"Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil using Heterogeneous CaO/Zn Catalyst: Yield and Reusability Performance","authors":"N. A. Ali, Nozieana Khairuddin","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.070","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel is a r enewable, biodegradable, and non-toxic fuel derived from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking oils. Biodiesel can be used as a direct replacement for diesel in diesel engines with minimal or no modification, and it has several advantages over conventional diesel. Eggshells, on the other hand, are composed mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), a valuable resource for various industrial and agricultural applications. Improper disposal of eggshells can cause environmental pollution and discarding of eggshells in landfills takes up valuable space and emits potent greenhouse gases such as methane. The current study focuses on biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO) using heterogeneous catalysts from eggshells impregnated with Zinc (Zn) metal. The transesterification process can produce biodiesel using WCO in the presence of a catalyst. The free fatty acid (FFA) of WCO is 0.45 mg KOH/g lower, enabling the transesterification process. The CaCO3 present in the eggshell will be converted into calcium oxide (CaO) after calcination. SEM analysis showed the catalyst’s morphology (CaO and CaO/Zn) changes after undergoing calcination and zinc impregnation processes. In this study, eggshells were utilized as a potential solid catalyst for biodiesel synthesis through transesterification. The reusability of the catalyst was also investigated. The reused catalyst produced an average yield of 65%.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139198883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jian Liu, Jingwen Rong, Xiaoli Ji, Boyang Chen, Yuan Wang
T o solve the problems of low compressive strength and unstable sealing capability of traditional hole sealing materials in the early stage of underground coal mines, a new cement-based sealing material was developed in this study by mixing ordinary Portland cement with nanomaterial, water-soluble polymer and lithium salt as additives. The early strength and the microstructure evolution of the as-prepared cement material were investigated with uniaxial compression test, scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the ternary composite material (nano silicon carbide, polyvinyl alcohol and lithium sulfate) can effectively improve the early strength of cement. The 1-day compressive strength increased from 8.56 to 14.21 MPa, pointing out an improvement rate of 66.00%. It can be seen from the SEM images that a large number of fibrous C-S-H crystals and rod-shaped AFt crystals formed in the ternary composite cement sample. The nanosized silicon carbide (SiC) can accelerate the generation of hydration products through forming nucleation sites. As a dispersing agent polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can effectively prevent the agglomeration of SiC nanoparticles and the formation of cement particle flocculation structure. On the other hand, the lithium cations and the sulfate anions of lithium sulfate could penetrate the hydration film structure and react with the hydration product Ca(OH)2, respectively, which promotes the hydration reaction. The promotion effect of the ternary composite material on the formation of hydration products results in a clearly improved early strength of the new cement-based sealing material.
为解决煤矿井下早期传统封孔材料抗压强度低、封孔能力不稳定等问题，本研究以纳米材料、水溶性聚合物和锂盐为添加剂，掺入普通硅酸盐水泥，研制了一种新型水泥基封孔材料。通过单轴压缩试验、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、热重分析和 X 射线衍射（XRD）对制备的水泥材料的早期强度和微观结构演变进行了研究。结果表明，三元复合材料（纳米碳化硅、聚乙烯醇和硫酸锂）能有效提高水泥的早期强度。1 天抗压强度从 8.56 兆帕提高到 14.21 兆帕，提高率达 66.00%。从扫描电镜图像可以看出，三元复合水泥样品中形成了大量纤维状的 C-S-H 晶体和棒状的 AFt 晶体。纳米碳化硅（SiC）可通过形成成核点加速水化产物的生成。作为分散剂的聚乙烯醇（PVA）可有效防止 SiC 纳米颗粒的团聚和水泥颗粒絮凝结构的形成。另一方面，硫酸锂中的锂阳离子和硫酸根阴离子可渗透水化膜结构，分别与水化产物 Ca(OH)2 发生反应，从而促进水化反应。三元复合材料对水化产物形成的促进作用使新型水泥基密封材料的早期强度明显提高。
{"title":"Synergetic Effect Of Ternary Mixture Of Nano Silicon Carbide-Polyvinyl Alcohol-Lithium Sulfate On Early Strength Of Cement","authors":"Jian Liu, Jingwen Rong, Xiaoli Ji, Boyang Chen, Yuan Wang","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.065","url":null,"abstract":"T o solve the problems of low compressive strength and unstable sealing capability of traditional hole sealing materials in the early stage of underground coal mines, a new cement-based sealing material was developed in this study by mixing ordinary Portland cement with nanomaterial, water-soluble polymer and lithium salt as additives. The early strength and the microstructure evolution of the as-prepared cement material were investigated with uniaxial compression test, scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the ternary composite material (nano silicon carbide, polyvinyl alcohol and lithium sulfate) can effectively improve the early strength of cement. The 1-day compressive strength increased from 8.56 to 14.21 MPa, pointing out an improvement rate of 66.00%. It can be seen from the SEM images that a large number of fibrous C-S-H crystals and rod-shaped AFt crystals formed in the ternary composite cement sample. The nanosized silicon carbide (SiC) can accelerate the generation of hydration products through forming nucleation sites. As a dispersing agent polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can effectively prevent the agglomeration of SiC nanoparticles and the formation of cement particle flocculation structure. On the other hand, the lithium cations and the sulfate anions of lithium sulfate could penetrate the hydration film structure and react with the hydration product Ca(OH)2, respectively, which promotes the hydration reaction. The promotion effect of the ternary composite material on the formation of hydration products results in a clearly improved early strength of the new cement-based sealing material.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"240 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139204419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Chungsiriporn, Prukraya Pongyeela, Nirana Chairerk, Jutarut Iewkittayakorn, Wiriya Duangsuwan
Dr ying is an essential process for preserving agricultural products. Most natural biological compounds are sensitive and easily degraded under drying conditions. This study investigated the effects of drying temperature (40, 50, 60, and 70°C), air velocity (0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 m/s), and feed amount (0.60, 0.80, 1.00, and 1.30 kg/m2) on the moisture ratio, drying rate, mitragynine (MG) content, and specific energy consumption (SEC) of kratom leaves. The results showed that temperature, air velocity, and the quantity of kratom leaves significantly affected the drying process. The drying kinetics of kratom leaves were best explained by the Midilli-Kucuk model. The R2, reduced χ2, SSE, and RMSE values of the Midilli-Kucuk model under hot air drying varied from 0.9965 to 0.9993, 0.000075 to 0.000358, 0.001124 to 0.007869, and 0.007692 to 0.01740, respectively, for kratom leaves dried at 40, 50, 60, and 70°C. The MG content of dried kratom leaves at 40°C was the highest at 10.10 mg/g. The lowest SEC values, which corresponded to the highest amount of MG in the dried leaves, were achieved at a drying temperature of 40°C, an air velocity of 0.2 m/s, and a kratom leaves feed amount of 0.60 kg/m2.
{"title":"Drying Characteristics and Mitragynine Content of Kratom Leaves","authors":"J. Chungsiriporn, Prukraya Pongyeela, Nirana Chairerk, Jutarut Iewkittayakorn, Wiriya Duangsuwan","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.059","url":null,"abstract":"Dr ying is an essential process for preserving agricultural products. Most natural biological compounds are sensitive and easily degraded under drying conditions. This study investigated the effects of drying temperature (40, 50, 60, and 70°C), air velocity (0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 m/s), and feed amount (0.60, 0.80, 1.00, and 1.30 kg/m2) on the moisture ratio, drying rate, mitragynine (MG) content, and specific energy consumption (SEC) of kratom leaves. The results showed that temperature, air velocity, and the quantity of kratom leaves significantly affected the drying process. The drying kinetics of kratom leaves were best explained by the Midilli-Kucuk model. The R2, reduced χ2, SSE, and RMSE values of the Midilli-Kucuk model under hot air drying varied from 0.9965 to 0.9993, 0.000075 to 0.000358, 0.001124 to 0.007869, and 0.007692 to 0.01740, respectively, for kratom leaves dried at 40, 50, 60, and 70°C. The MG content of dried kratom leaves at 40°C was the highest at 10.10 mg/g. The lowest SEC values, which corresponded to the highest amount of MG in the dried leaves, were achieved at a drying temperature of 40°C, an air velocity of 0.2 m/s, and a kratom leaves feed amount of 0.60 kg/m2.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"66 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139196797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phukjira Chan-in, Benjamaporn Wangkaew, Nattawat Anankul, Yuenyad Teerawatsakul, V. Thiyagaraja, N. Tamakaew, P. Withee, S. Haituk, R. Cheewangkoon, Tonapha Pusadee
Gumm y stem blight (GSB) caused by Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum is the most destructive fungal disease affecting cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) production. In Thailand, cucumber is one of the most popularly marketed vegetables and the cultivation of cucumbers or Cucurbitaceae often face impact epidemics and insect infestation. Furthermore, global climatic or climate change affects crop production too, which increases the frequency and severity of disease and pest outbreaks. Silicon (Si) enhances plant resistance against insect pests and fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases although Si is not the only beneficial element for plants but also it does play an important role in improving plant health and increasing resistance against pests and diseases. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Si-application at two levels i.e., 50 ppm, and 100 ppm on yield, yield components, aroma, Si-concentration and disease response of cucumber under greenhouse condition in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Results, when compared with control, depicted that the highest fruit weight, marketable yield, fruit length, fruit width, and pith length were found under 50 ppm Si. Moreover, higher Si-levels resulted in increased aroma in rind (exocarp) and increased percentage of Si-concentrations in rind (exocarp), leaves, and shoot. Further in this research, the response of Gummy stem blight disease (GSB) in cucumber was also investigated the response of. The taxonomic identification of Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum was confirmed based on the evidence from morpho-molecular analyses and the pathogenicity test was performed to confirm its potential pathogenicity. The results showed that the varying treatments of Si affects the disease development. The 50 ppm Si caused the lowest disease response on cucumber fruits. This study can be used as a guideline for modifying Si-fertilizer application inputs to plants to increase disease resistance and fruit quality.
由 Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum 引起的茎枯病（GSB）是影响黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L. ）生产的最具破坏性的真菌病害。在泰国，黄瓜是最畅销的蔬菜之一，黄瓜或葫芦科植物的种植经常面临流行病和虫害的影响。此外，全球气候或气候变化也会影响作物生产，增加病虫害爆发的频率和严重程度。硅（Si）能增强植物对害虫、真菌、细菌和病毒性疾病的抵抗力，虽然硅不是唯一对植物有益的元素，但它在改善植物健康和增强对病虫害的抵抗力方面也发挥着重要作用。因此，本研究旨在通过 4 次重复的随机完全区组设计，研究在两个水平（即 50 ppm 和 100 ppm）施用硅对温室条件下黄瓜产量、产量成分、香气、硅浓度和病害反应的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，50 ppm Si 的果重、上市产量、果长、果宽和髓长最高。此外，Si 含量越高，果皮（外果皮）的香气越浓，果皮（外果皮）、叶片和嫩枝中的 Si 浓度百分比也越高。此外，该研究还调查了黄瓜茎枯病（GSB）的反应。根据形态-分子分析的证据，确认了葫芦拟囊孢菌的分类鉴定，并进行了致病性试验，以确认其潜在的致病性。结果表明，不同处理的 Si 会影响病害的发展。50 ppm Si 对黄瓜果实的病害反应最小。这项研究可作为调整植物施硅肥投入量的指南，以提高抗病性和果实品质。
{"title":"Effect of Silicon on the Fruit Quality and Disease Response to Gummy Stem Blight in Cucumber","authors":"Phukjira Chan-in, Benjamaporn Wangkaew, Nattawat Anankul, Yuenyad Teerawatsakul, V. Thiyagaraja, N. Tamakaew, P. Withee, S. Haituk, R. Cheewangkoon, Tonapha Pusadee","doi":"10.12982/cmjs.2023.073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.073","url":null,"abstract":"Gumm y stem blight (GSB) caused by Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum is the most destructive fungal disease affecting cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) production. In Thailand, cucumber is one of the most popularly marketed vegetables and the cultivation of cucumbers or Cucurbitaceae often face impact epidemics and insect infestation. Furthermore, global climatic or climate change affects crop production too, which increases the frequency and severity of disease and pest outbreaks. Silicon (Si) enhances plant resistance against insect pests and fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases although Si is not the only beneficial element for plants but also it does play an important role in improving plant health and increasing resistance against pests and diseases. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Si-application at two levels i.e., 50 ppm, and 100 ppm on yield, yield components, aroma, Si-concentration and disease response of cucumber under greenhouse condition in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Results, when compared with control, depicted that the highest fruit weight, marketable yield, fruit length, fruit width, and pith length were found under 50 ppm Si. Moreover, higher Si-levels resulted in increased aroma in rind (exocarp) and increased percentage of Si-concentrations in rind (exocarp), leaves, and shoot. Further in this research, the response of Gummy stem blight disease (GSB) in cucumber was also investigated the response of. The taxonomic identification of Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum was confirmed based on the evidence from morpho-molecular analyses and the pathogenicity test was performed to confirm its potential pathogenicity. The results showed that the varying treatments of Si affects the disease development. The 50 ppm Si caused the lowest disease response on cucumber fruits. This study can be used as a guideline for modifying Si-fertilizer application inputs to plants to increase disease resistance and fruit quality.","PeriodicalId":9884,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai Journal of Science","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139201344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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