Pub Date : 2015-06-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.02.004
Hongjin Liu, Jing Liu, Zhao-jun Fu, W. Xiong, Xiaoguang Xiao, Heng Zhang, Li Cui
Objective To explore the aeromedical evaluation standard of the aircrews with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods The clinic data of 16 cases of aircrews (students) with TBI were analyzed and related literatures were reviewed. Results In 16 TBI cases, the severe took 5 cases while the moderate and the mild was 2 and 9 respectively. The medical evaluation concluded 8 qualified cases and 1 temporarily grounding. The rest 7 were disqualified. ①Four of 5 severe TBI cases had cerebral contusion: one was complicated by intracranial hematoma and he suffered post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) by a traumatic brain injury 10 years later, one was combined with skull fracture, facial nerve and acoustic nerve damage, one was with olfactory nerve damage, and one was with epidural hematoma. The rest 1 had epidural hematoma combined with skull fracture. One case was qualified, 1 was temporarily grounding and 3 were disqualified. ②Two moderate cases had the lost consciousness experience for 30 min to 24 h. One had post-traumatic brain injury syndrome (PTBIS). One case was qualified and another one disqualified. ③Four of 9 mild cases were conscious, but 3 of them had PTBIS. Other five cases were unconsciousness within 30 min. Two of them had PTBIS and 1 had PTE. Six mild cases were qualified and another 3 were disqualified. Conclusions TBI aeromedical evaluation should be individually decided according to the severity, sequel and refer to aircraft type, duty in flight, experience and personal desire, as well as the related standards. Key words: Craniocerebral trauma; Eligibility determination; Aerospace medicine; Aircrews
{"title":"On aeromedical evaluation of 16 cases of aircrews (students) with traumatic brain injury and standard discussion","authors":"Hongjin Liu, Jing Liu, Zhao-jun Fu, W. Xiong, Xiaoguang Xiao, Heng Zhang, Li Cui","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To explore the aeromedical evaluation standard of the aircrews with traumatic brain injury (TBI). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The clinic data of 16 cases of aircrews (students) with TBI were analyzed and related literatures were reviewed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000In 16 TBI cases, the severe took 5 cases while the moderate and the mild was 2 and 9 respectively. The medical evaluation concluded 8 qualified cases and 1 temporarily grounding. The rest 7 were disqualified. ①Four of 5 severe TBI cases had cerebral contusion: one was complicated by intracranial hematoma and he suffered post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) by a traumatic brain injury 10 years later, one was combined with skull fracture, facial nerve and acoustic nerve damage, one was with olfactory nerve damage, and one was with epidural hematoma. The rest 1 had epidural hematoma combined with skull fracture. One case was qualified, 1 was temporarily grounding and 3 were disqualified. ②Two moderate cases had the lost consciousness experience for 30 min to 24 h. One had post-traumatic brain injury syndrome (PTBIS). One case was qualified and another one disqualified. ③Four of 9 mild cases were conscious, but 3 of them had PTBIS. Other five cases were unconsciousness within 30 min. Two of them had PTBIS and 1 had PTE. Six mild cases were qualified and another 3 were disqualified. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000TBI aeromedical evaluation should be individually decided according to the severity, sequel and refer to aircraft type, duty in flight, experience and personal desire, as well as the related standards. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Craniocerebral trauma; Eligibility determination; Aerospace medicine; Aircrews","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83523871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.01.004
Jie Liu, Wan-shi Zhang, L. Qian, Ming-xi Liu, Xian-rong Xu
Objective To provide physiological basis of cerebral function identification of pilots in hypoxic environment by observing the pilots' cerebral blood perfusion characteristics before and after hypoxic exposure. Methods Thirty-five healthy male pilots were subjected to normal and hypoxic exposure that the oxygen concentration was 14.5%. We inspected the cerebral blood perfusion by arterial spin labeling technology and compared the differences between the two states. Results After hypoxic exposure, the pulse was (63.97±10.43) beats/min (t=4.969, P<0.01), it was lower than before which was (71.46±10.63) beats/min. The oxygen saturation was (92.46±3.64)%, it was lower than before which was (96.31±1.23)% (t=6.437, P<0.01). Arterial spin labeling (ASL) in pilots after hypoxic exposure showed lower cerebral blood flow (CBF) values prominently in the following regions: the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, the bilateral middle temporal gyrus, the left inferior temporal gyrus, the right middle occipital gyrus, the right inferior occipital gyrus, the bilateral lingual gyrus, the right fusiform gyrus, the right cuneus and cerebellum (P<0.05). Conclusions The cerebral blood perfusion after hypoxic exposure is decreased mainly in the temporal and occipital lobe for the right side, and arterial spin-labeling technique can monitor CBF changes of the pilots in hypoxic exposure. Key words: Magnetic resonance imaging; Anoxia; Cerebrovascular circulation; Pulsatile flow; Hemoperfusion; Pilots
{"title":"Effect of simulated hypoxic exposure on cerebral blood perfusion of pilots","authors":"Jie Liu, Wan-shi Zhang, L. Qian, Ming-xi Liu, Xian-rong Xu","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To provide physiological basis of cerebral function identification of pilots in hypoxic environment by observing the pilots' cerebral blood perfusion characteristics before and after hypoxic exposure. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Thirty-five healthy male pilots were subjected to normal and hypoxic exposure that the oxygen concentration was 14.5%. We inspected the cerebral blood perfusion by arterial spin labeling technology and compared the differences between the two states. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000After hypoxic exposure, the pulse was (63.97±10.43) beats/min (t=4.969, P<0.01), it was lower than before which was (71.46±10.63) beats/min. The oxygen saturation was (92.46±3.64)%, it was lower than before which was (96.31±1.23)% (t=6.437, P<0.01). Arterial spin labeling (ASL) in pilots after hypoxic exposure showed lower cerebral blood flow (CBF) values prominently in the following regions: the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, the bilateral middle temporal gyrus, the left inferior temporal gyrus, the right middle occipital gyrus, the right inferior occipital gyrus, the bilateral lingual gyrus, the right fusiform gyrus, the right cuneus and cerebellum (P<0.05). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000The cerebral blood perfusion after hypoxic exposure is decreased mainly in the temporal and occipital lobe for the right side, and arterial spin-labeling technique can monitor CBF changes of the pilots in hypoxic exposure. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Magnetic resonance imaging; Anoxia; Cerebrovascular circulation; Pulsatile flow; Hemoperfusion; Pilots","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75043315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective To investigate the alteration of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ ceramide (Cer) and its role in vasoconstriction of the common carotid arteries (CA) of simulated weightless rats. Methods Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats that matched for weight were randomly assigned to suspended group (n=18) and control group (n=18). Suspended group was in simulated weightless by tail suspension for 4 wk. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were conducted to examine the content and distribution of ASM and Cer. Isometric force recording system was used to detect the vasoconstriction and vasodilation functions. Dihydroethidium fluorescent probe was used to evaluate the level of superoxide anion () in arteries. Results Four-week suspension made the ASM protein and Cer level in the CA of suspended group significantly decreased as compared with that of control group (t=3.626-9.922, P<0.01 or <0.05), while vasoconstriction response to KCl and phenylephrine or vasodilation response to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside did not change much in two groups. Incubation with C6-ceramide (C6-Cer) did not significantly change the Cer level, vasoconstriction, vasodilation and level of CA in control group but increased Cer level, vasoconstriction response to KCl and level in suspended group (t=3.015-7.088, P<0.05). The suspension influenced less on vasodilation response to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Conclusions Simulated weightlessness makes the drop on ASM/Cer level and the level in CA as well as its vasoconstriction adaptation. Key words: Weightlessness simulation; Carotid artery, common; Phospholipases; Ceramides; Oxidative stress; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
{"title":"Modulation effects of acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide on the common carotid arteries of simulated weightless rats","authors":"Yaoping Cheng, Xiao-ping Xie, L. Xue, Zhongchao Wang, Huan Liu, Hai-Jun Zhang, Yao-ming Chang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the alteration of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ ceramide (Cer) and its role in vasoconstriction of the common carotid arteries (CA) of simulated weightless rats. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats that matched for weight were randomly assigned to suspended group (n=18) and control group (n=18). Suspended group was in simulated weightless by tail suspension for 4 wk. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were conducted to examine the content and distribution of ASM and Cer. Isometric force recording system was used to detect the vasoconstriction and vasodilation functions. Dihydroethidium fluorescent probe was used to evaluate the level of superoxide anion () in arteries. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Four-week suspension made the ASM protein and Cer level in the CA of suspended group significantly decreased as compared with that of control group (t=3.626-9.922, P<0.01 or <0.05), while vasoconstriction response to KCl and phenylephrine or vasodilation response to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside did not change much in two groups. Incubation with C6-ceramide (C6-Cer) did not significantly change the Cer level, vasoconstriction, vasodilation and level of CA in control group but increased Cer level, vasoconstriction response to KCl and level in suspended group (t=3.015-7.088, P<0.05). The suspension influenced less on vasodilation response to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Simulated weightlessness makes the drop on ASM/Cer level and the level in CA as well as its vasoconstriction adaptation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Weightlessness simulation; Carotid artery, common; Phospholipases; Ceramides; Oxidative stress; Rats, Sprague-Dawley","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84543758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.01.010
Wei Chen, Chunyan Yang, Qing Tian, D. Shao, Qing-hong Yang, Jia-Jie He
Objective To observe the relationship between pilots' physiological data of anterior eye segments and flying time in order to provide a reference basis for better ophthalmological health care. Methods The ophthalmological data of the fighter pilots who were in the physical examination for transformation in General Hospital of Air Force or in annual examination but hospitalized due to non-ophthalmological reasons. Pilots were divided into 1 000 h group (n=23). Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 19.0 software. Results Pilots of different age groups had no statistic differences in visual acuity, axial length and mean corneal curvature (P>0.05). The ratio of astigmatism with the rule and astigmatism against the rule between age groups also showed insignificant difference (χ2=0.013, P>0.05). Pilots in 0.05). Axial length negatively correlated to mean corneal curvature in all pilots (r=-0.813). Conclusions Pilots' physiological data of anterior eye segments are mainly correlated with age but with flying time. Key words: Refraction, ocular; Myopia; Anterior chamber; Corneal; Pilots
{"title":"Relationship between pilots' physiological data of anterior eye segments and flying time","authors":"Wei Chen, Chunyan Yang, Qing Tian, D. Shao, Qing-hong Yang, Jia-Jie He","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.01.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To observe the relationship between pilots' physiological data of anterior eye segments and flying time in order to provide a reference basis for better ophthalmological health care. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The ophthalmological data of the fighter pilots who were in the physical examination for transformation in General Hospital of Air Force or in annual examination but hospitalized due to non-ophthalmological reasons. Pilots were divided into 1 000 h group (n=23). Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 19.0 software. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Pilots of different age groups had no statistic differences in visual acuity, axial length and mean corneal curvature (P>0.05). The ratio of astigmatism with the rule and astigmatism against the rule between age groups also showed insignificant difference (χ2=0.013, P>0.05). Pilots in 0.05). Axial length negatively correlated to mean corneal curvature in all pilots (r=-0.813). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Pilots' physiological data of anterior eye segments are mainly correlated with age but with flying time. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Refraction, ocular; Myopia; Anterior chamber; Corneal; Pilots","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72402464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.01.002
Xiang-kan Zhou, Min Di, Lifen Zhang, Xueli Du, Hua-Fu Zhao, Y. Zhong, Ying-Hui Shang, Xiaochun Zhou
Objective To investigate the resistance to acute hypobaric hypoxia of Saussurea involucrata cultured cell extracts and the underlying mechanism. Methods Thirty-six Wistar rats were averagely divided into blank control group, negative control group and Saussurea involucrate cultured cell extracts group according to random number table. The Saussurea involucrate cultured cell extracts were infused to the rats of Saussurea involucrate cultured cell extracts group with the dose of 500 mg/kg for 14 d while the distilled water was fed to other 2 groups in the period. Except blank control group, the rats of other groups were exposed in simulative 8 000 m altitude experiencing acute hypobaric hypoxia after 14 d infusion. Then the rats of all groups were killed and sampled blood serum and brain tissue. The changes of various biochemical factors in brain tissue and blood serum, such as glutamic acid (GLU), lactic acid (LD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathion peroxidase (GSH-PX) were tested. Results Comparing with those of blank control group, the GLU, NO, LD, LDH and MDA in blood serum and brain tissue of negative control group were significantly increased (P<0.01), and Na+ -K+ -ATPase, Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase, T-AOC, SOD and GSH-PX were significantly decreased (P<0.01). The GLU, NO, LD, LDH and MDA of Saussurea involucrate cultured cell extracts group were significantly lower than those of negative control group (P<0.01) but with significantly higher Na+ -K+ -ATPase, Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase, T-AOC, SOD and GSH-PX (P<0.01). Conclusions For simulated 8 000 m hypoxia exposure, Saussurea involucrata cultured cell extracts can effectively remove or inhibit the generation of excessive oxygen free radicals and may prevent glutamic acid and lactic acid from accumulating in rat brain tissue and blood serum. By protecting the function of Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase on cell membrane and preventing the consequent toxic reaction induced by energy metabolism disorder, they can alleviate cell edema, protect the integrity and function of brain tissues and cells and effectively ease acute hypobaric hypoxia. Key words: Rats, Wistar; Cells, cultured; Cell extracts; Anoxia; Saussurea involucrate
{"title":"Mechanism research for the resistant effects of Saussurea involucrate cultured cell extracts on acute hypobaric hypoxia","authors":"Xiang-kan Zhou, Min Di, Lifen Zhang, Xueli Du, Hua-Fu Zhao, Y. Zhong, Ying-Hui Shang, Xiaochun Zhou","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the resistance to acute hypobaric hypoxia of Saussurea involucrata cultured cell extracts and the underlying mechanism. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Thirty-six Wistar rats were averagely divided into blank control group, negative control group and Saussurea involucrate cultured cell extracts group according to random number table. The Saussurea involucrate cultured cell extracts were infused to the rats of Saussurea involucrate cultured cell extracts group with the dose of 500 mg/kg for 14 d while the distilled water was fed to other 2 groups in the period. Except blank control group, the rats of other groups were exposed in simulative 8 000 m altitude experiencing acute hypobaric hypoxia after 14 d infusion. Then the rats of all groups were killed and sampled blood serum and brain tissue. The changes of various biochemical factors in brain tissue and blood serum, such as glutamic acid (GLU), lactic acid (LD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathion peroxidase (GSH-PX) were tested. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Comparing with those of blank control group, the GLU, NO, LD, LDH and MDA in blood serum and brain tissue of negative control group were significantly increased (P<0.01), and Na+ -K+ -ATPase, Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase, T-AOC, SOD and GSH-PX were significantly decreased (P<0.01). The GLU, NO, LD, LDH and MDA of Saussurea involucrate cultured cell extracts group were significantly lower than those of negative control group (P<0.01) but with significantly higher Na+ -K+ -ATPase, Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase, T-AOC, SOD and GSH-PX (P<0.01). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000For simulated 8 000 m hypoxia exposure, Saussurea involucrata cultured cell extracts can effectively remove or inhibit the generation of excessive oxygen free radicals and may prevent glutamic acid and lactic acid from accumulating in rat brain tissue and blood serum. By protecting the function of Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase on cell membrane and preventing the consequent toxic reaction induced by energy metabolism disorder, they can alleviate cell edema, protect the integrity and function of brain tissues and cells and effectively ease acute hypobaric hypoxia. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Rats, Wistar; Cells, cultured; Cell extracts; Anoxia; Saussurea involucrate","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86461029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.01.008
H. Xue, X. Zhu, Hong Xue, Weidong Li
Objective To evaluate the influence of plateau hypoxia environment on the parameters of liver, renal, cardiac and metabolic functions of fighter pilots, and provide the basis for the high altitude aeromedical service. Methods Serum biochemical indices were examined and compared among 35 fighter pilots before and after 3-month high altitude training by automatic biochemistry analyzer and the results were analyzed by paired t-test. Results Compared with those before plateau training, pilots' fasting serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels after plateau training were decreased slightly or significantly (t=2.042, 10.329, 2.275, P<0.05 or <0.01), but were still in the normal range. Direct bilirubin (DBIL), creatinine (Cr), Beta2-microglobuline (β2-MG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK), total cholesterol (TC) were significantly higher than those before the training (t=3.792-12.454, P<0.01), but were basically in the normal range or approaching to upper limits; uric acid (UA) was significantly higher than that before training and the normal (t=4.373, P<0.01); alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), total protein (TP), cystatin C (Cys C), glucose (Glu), triglycerides (TG) levels did not change significantly. Conclusions This study elucidated that high altitude environment can affect pilot's partial liver, renal, cardiac and metabolic functions. So the preventive measures should be strengthened. Key words: altitude; liver function tests; kidney function tests; uric acid; pilots
{"title":"Serum biochemical changes in fighter pilots before and after plateau training","authors":"H. Xue, X. Zhu, Hong Xue, Weidong Li","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.01.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To evaluate the influence of plateau hypoxia environment on the parameters of liver, renal, cardiac and metabolic functions of fighter pilots, and provide the basis for the high altitude aeromedical service. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Serum biochemical indices were examined and compared among 35 fighter pilots before and after 3-month high altitude training by automatic biochemistry analyzer and the results were analyzed by paired t-test. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Compared with those before plateau training, pilots' fasting serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels after plateau training were decreased slightly or significantly (t=2.042, 10.329, 2.275, P<0.05 or <0.01), but were still in the normal range. Direct bilirubin (DBIL), creatinine (Cr), Beta2-microglobuline (β2-MG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK), total cholesterol (TC) were significantly higher than those before the training (t=3.792-12.454, P<0.01), but were basically in the normal range or approaching to upper limits; uric acid (UA) was significantly higher than that before training and the normal (t=4.373, P<0.01); alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), total protein (TP), cystatin C (Cys C), glucose (Glu), triglycerides (TG) levels did not change significantly. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000This study elucidated that high altitude environment can affect pilot's partial liver, renal, cardiac and metabolic functions. So the preventive measures should be strengthened. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000altitude; liver function tests; kidney function tests; uric acid; pilots","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80808072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.01.007
Sheng Zhang, Ke-liang Zhou, Yan Dong, Jinpeng Ma
Objective To investigate the prevalence of daily neck pain (DNP) and fly-related neck pain(FNP) in fighter pilots and to estimate how neck symptoms influenced operational flying in fighter pilots, so as to provide elementary data for further investigation of risk factors and preventive measure. Methods Two hundred and thirty-three fighter pilots, including 94 high-performance fighter pilots and 139 conventional fighter pilots, were surveyed on self-reported prevalence of DNP and FNP in past 1-yr. The pilots were grouped into with DNP and healthy groups by prevalence of DNP, and the FNP prevalence was compared between these two groups. The prevalences of DNP and FNP were compared between high-performance fighter pilots and conventional fighter pilots. Pilots also described how FNP influenced operational flying. Results Among all pilots, 32.6% had experienced DNP, 59.7% had experienced FNP and 17.2% had experienced frequent FNP. DNP pilots had statistically higher FNP and frequent FNP prevalence than healthy pilots (χ2=41.665, 54.669, P<0.01). Comparing with conventional fighter pilots, high performance fighter pilots had no statistically different DNP and FNP prevalence, but had statistically different frequent FNP prevalence(χ2=7.753, P<0.01). Among the pilots with FNP, 18.7% reported neck pain impacted flying endurance, 20.1% reported impacted ability of concentration or stamina, 37.4% reported impacted ability of observation or target searching, 59.7% reported impacted agile operation or high G maneuvers. Among high performance fighter pilots with FNP, 67.8% reported restricted air combat maneuvers resulted from FNP. Conclusions Prevalence of daily neck pain and fly-related neck pain are considerably high in fighter pilots. Pilots with daily neck pain are more easily to experience fly-related neck pain, indicating that their neck functions are steadily weakened and require prompt and effective intervention. High performance fighter pilots are more easily to experience frequent fly-related neck pain. The fly-related neck pain affects operational flying in many ways. Those findings highlight the stricter demand of neck function for high performance fighter pilots and the necessary support to air service. Key words: Neck pain; Prevalence; Epidemiologic studies; Aviation; Pilots
{"title":"Survey study on the neck pain in fighter pilots and its influences to operational flying","authors":"Sheng Zhang, Ke-liang Zhou, Yan Dong, Jinpeng Ma","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2015.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the prevalence of daily neck pain (DNP) and fly-related neck pain(FNP) in fighter pilots and to estimate how neck symptoms influenced operational flying in fighter pilots, so as to provide elementary data for further investigation of risk factors and preventive measure. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Two hundred and thirty-three fighter pilots, including 94 high-performance fighter pilots and 139 conventional fighter pilots, were surveyed on self-reported prevalence of DNP and FNP in past 1-yr. The pilots were grouped into with DNP and healthy groups by prevalence of DNP, and the FNP prevalence was compared between these two groups. The prevalences of DNP and FNP were compared between high-performance fighter pilots and conventional fighter pilots. Pilots also described how FNP influenced operational flying. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Among all pilots, 32.6% had experienced DNP, 59.7% had experienced FNP and 17.2% had experienced frequent FNP. DNP pilots had statistically higher FNP and frequent FNP prevalence than healthy pilots (χ2=41.665, 54.669, P<0.01). Comparing with conventional fighter pilots, high performance fighter pilots had no statistically different DNP and FNP prevalence, but had statistically different frequent FNP prevalence(χ2=7.753, P<0.01). Among the pilots with FNP, 18.7% reported neck pain impacted flying endurance, 20.1% reported impacted ability of concentration or stamina, 37.4% reported impacted ability of observation or target searching, 59.7% reported impacted agile operation or high G maneuvers. Among high performance fighter pilots with FNP, 67.8% reported restricted air combat maneuvers resulted from FNP. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Prevalence of daily neck pain and fly-related neck pain are considerably high in fighter pilots. Pilots with daily neck pain are more easily to experience fly-related neck pain, indicating that their neck functions are steadily weakened and require prompt and effective intervention. High performance fighter pilots are more easily to experience frequent fly-related neck pain. The fly-related neck pain affects operational flying in many ways. Those findings highlight the stricter demand of neck function for high performance fighter pilots and the necessary support to air service. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Neck pain; Prevalence; Epidemiologic studies; Aviation; Pilots","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88932608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of flexible ureteroscopy in the treatment of small kidney stones in single-seat fighter pilots.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records and follow-up data of 3 male single-seat fighter pilots (respectively aged 23,25 and 27 yr),who accepted flexible ureteroscopy diagnosis and treatment for small kidney stones in our hospital from December 2009 to April 2012.Results There were 1 case of small stone in left kidney and 2 in right.The CT scan showed that the lengths of the stones were ranged from 0.2-0.4 cm.All stone cases were diagnosed in annual health examination.Neither flank pain,urinary irritation symptoms nor visible hematuria was found in all patients.By means of flexible ureteroscopy,2 patients were diagnosed as renal papilla calcifications and 1 was diagnosed as kidney stone accompany with renal papilla calcification.The kidney stone was shattered by the holmium laser.3 patients recovered well and were permitted to fly.The 6-22 months follow-up indicated that all patients flied safely and the recheck of CT scan showed that the renal papilla calcification did not change anymore.Conclusions Flexible ureteroscopy is a safe and effective therapeutic method for treating small kidney stones in single-seat fighter pilots.It can help the pilots recovering to flight,then avoiding pilot grounding or aircraft transition. Key words: Ureteroscopy; Kidney calculi; Eligibility determination; Pilots
{"title":"Flexible ureteroscopy application in the treatment of small kidney stones in single-seat fighter pilots","authors":"Jian-ye Li, Jing-min Yan, Hong-Ming Liu, Bin Sun, Heqing Guo, Jianchang Wang, Gaobiao Zhou","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of flexible ureteroscopy in the treatment of small kidney stones in single-seat fighter pilots.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records and follow-up data of 3 male single-seat fighter pilots (respectively aged 23,25 and 27 yr),who accepted flexible ureteroscopy diagnosis and treatment for small kidney stones in our hospital from December 2009 to April 2012.Results There were 1 case of small stone in left kidney and 2 in right.The CT scan showed that the lengths of the stones were ranged from 0.2-0.4 cm.All stone cases were diagnosed in annual health examination.Neither flank pain,urinary irritation symptoms nor visible hematuria was found in all patients.By means of flexible ureteroscopy,2 patients were diagnosed as renal papilla calcifications and 1 was diagnosed as kidney stone accompany with renal papilla calcification.The kidney stone was shattered by the holmium laser.3 patients recovered well and were permitted to fly.The 6-22 months follow-up indicated that all patients flied safely and the recheck of CT scan showed that the renal papilla calcification did not change anymore.Conclusions Flexible ureteroscopy is a safe and effective therapeutic method for treating small kidney stones in single-seat fighter pilots.It can help the pilots recovering to flight,then avoiding pilot grounding or aircraft transition. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Ureteroscopy; Kidney calculi; Eligibility determination; Pilots","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74691561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-15DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.001
K. Men, Dan Xiao, Tiecheng Yan
Objective To compare the disease spectrums of helicopter pilots and fighter pilots in 2012,to investigate the difference,and thus to provide scientific basis for aeromedical service.Methods Six hundred and fifty-two helicopter pilots of Army and 830 fighter pilots of Air Force,who attended the annual physical examination,were cluster randomly selected and recruited into this study.The prevalence and age-specific (20-29 yr,30-39 yr and older than 40 yr) prevalence of the top 10 diseases in helicopter pilots and fighter pilots were calculated and compared.The proportion of each disease system in helicopter pilots and fighter pilots was calculated and compared.Results ① Hyperlipidemia,fatty liver,hyperuricemia and gall bladder polyps were the top four most prevalent diseases both in helicopter pilots and fighter pilots,with the incidence in helicopter pilots was respectively 15.64％,14.57％,6.44％ and 5.37％,and in fighter pilots was respectively 24.22％,19.85％,14.08％ and 9.17％.②Hyperlipidemia and fatty liver were the top two diseases in age-specific disease spectrum both in helicopter pilots and fighter pilots.③Digestive diseases and endocrine system diseases ranked the top two in the disease spectrums of helicopter pilots and fighter pilots,with the incidence of 45.66％ and 26.91％ in helicopter pilots,and 39.69％ and 28.37％ in fighter pilots.Conclusions The main system diseases of helicopter pilots and fightcr pilots are similar,both are the digestive system disease and endocrine system disease,and hyperlipidemia and fatty liver rank the top two diseases.Endocrine system disease has become the main diseases that threaten the health of Army helicopter pilots. Key words: Prevalence; Physical examination; Epidemiologic studies; Occupational exposure; Pilots
{"title":"Comparison of disease spectrum in the annual physical examination of pilots","authors":"K. Men, Dan Xiao, Tiecheng Yan","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To compare the disease spectrums of helicopter pilots and fighter pilots in 2012,to investigate the difference,and thus to provide scientific basis for aeromedical service.Methods Six hundred and fifty-two helicopter pilots of Army and 830 fighter pilots of Air Force,who attended the annual physical examination,were cluster randomly selected and recruited into this study.The prevalence and age-specific (20-29 yr,30-39 yr and older than 40 yr) prevalence of the top 10 diseases in helicopter pilots and fighter pilots were calculated and compared.The proportion of each disease system in helicopter pilots and fighter pilots was calculated and compared.Results ① Hyperlipidemia,fatty liver,hyperuricemia and gall bladder polyps were the top four most prevalent diseases both in helicopter pilots and fighter pilots,with the incidence in helicopter pilots was respectively 15.64％,14.57％,6.44％ and 5.37％,and in fighter pilots was respectively 24.22％,19.85％,14.08％ and 9.17％.②Hyperlipidemia and fatty liver were the top two diseases in age-specific disease spectrum both in helicopter pilots and fighter pilots.③Digestive diseases and endocrine system diseases ranked the top two in the disease spectrums of helicopter pilots and fighter pilots,with the incidence of 45.66％ and 26.91％ in helicopter pilots,and 39.69％ and 28.37％ in fighter pilots.Conclusions The main system diseases of helicopter pilots and fightcr pilots are similar,both are the digestive system disease and endocrine system disease,and hyperlipidemia and fatty liver rank the top two diseases.Endocrine system disease has become the main diseases that threaten the health of Army helicopter pilots. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Prevalence; Physical examination; Epidemiologic studies; Occupational exposure; Pilots","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85182065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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