{"title":"Vorschau auf Heft 1/2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202470603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.202470603","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 6","pages":"387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ciuz.202470603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ob der Physiker Erwin Schrödinger ein Katzenfreund war, ist nicht eindeutig dokumentiert. Sein weltberühmtes Gedankenexperiment mit der Katze war wohl eher eine theoretische Konstruktion, um die Paradoxien der Quantenmechanik in der makroskopischen Welt zu verdeutlichen, und weniger ein Hinweis auf seine persönlichen Vorlieben für Haustiere. Katze Q als Protagonistin eines digitalen Lernspiels und inzwischen auch eines Escape-Rooms zur Quantenpysik scheint jedenfalls für das schwierige Thema zu begeistern.
{"title":"Quantenphysik spielerisch lernen mit Katze Q","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202410018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.202410018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ob der Physiker Erwin Schrödinger ein Katzenfreund war, ist nicht eindeutig dokumentiert. Sein weltberühmtes Gedankenexperiment mit der Katze war wohl eher eine theoretische Konstruktion, um die Paradoxien der Quantenmechanik in der makroskopischen Welt zu verdeutlichen, und weniger ein Hinweis auf seine persönlichen Vorlieben für Haustiere. Katze Q als Protagonistin eines digitalen Lernspiels und inzwischen auch eines Escape-Rooms zur Quantenpysik scheint jedenfalls für das schwierige Thema zu begeistern.</p>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 6","pages":"373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Die hier vorgestellte Aufgabe soll eine Einführung in grundlegende Berechnungen zu Elementarzellen und Kernspaltungsprozessen geben. Inspiration dazu stiftet die Architektur und Bedeutungsebene des Atomiums.
本文介绍的任务是介绍基本细胞和核分裂过程的基本计算。原子的结构和意义水平提供了灵感。
{"title":"Riesige Elementarzelle mitten in Brüssel","authors":"Frederike Saal, Jonas Florian Wunsch","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202400037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.202400037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Die hier vorgestellte Aufgabe soll eine Einführung in grundlegende Berechnungen zu Elementarzellen und Kernspaltungsprozessen geben. Inspiration dazu stiftet die Architektur und Bedeutungsebene des Atomiums.</p>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 6","pages":"374-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Die Entwicklungsbiologen Victor Ambros und Gary Ruvkun entdeckten das Prinzip der posttranskriptionalen Regulation von Genaktivitäten durch mikroRNA. Dieser Regulationsmechanismus ist bei vielzelligen Tieren nicht nur für die Individualentwicklung, sondern auch für die Physiologie adulter Organismen bedeutsam. Die Arbeitsteilung von Geweben innerhalb eines Organismus basiert auf der Ausbildung spezialisierter Zellen, deren unterschiedliche Funktionen die jedem Zelltyp eigene Ausstattung an Proteinen sicherstellt. Dessen ungeachtet ist das Genom aller Zellen primär identisch. Für die Differenzierung von Zellen während der Embryonalentwicklung müssen deshalb Proteine kodierende Gene zeitlich und zellspezifisch aktiviert werden.
{"title":"Die Regulation der Genaktivität durch mikroRNA","authors":"Annette Hille-Rehfeld","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202410016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.202410016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Die Entwicklungsbiologen Victor Ambros und Gary Ruvkun entdeckten das Prinzip der posttranskriptionalen Regulation von Genaktivitäten durch mikroRNA. Dieser Regulationsmechanismus ist bei vielzelligen Tieren nicht nur für die Individualentwicklung, sondern auch für die Physiologie adulter Organismen bedeutsam. Die Arbeitsteilung von Geweben innerhalb eines Organismus basiert auf der Ausbildung spezialisierter Zellen, deren unterschiedliche Funktionen die jedem Zelltyp eigene Ausstattung an Proteinen sicherstellt. Dessen ungeachtet ist das Genom aller Zellen primär identisch. Für die Differenzierung von Zellen während der Embryonalentwicklung müssen deshalb Proteine kodierende Gene zeitlich und zellspezifisch aktiviert werden.</p>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 6","pages":"332-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Der Nobelpreis für Chemie 2024 geht an drei Wissenschaftler, die bahnbrechende Ergebnisse in der Proteinforschung erzielt haben. David Baker wird für seine Arbeit zum Design von Proteinstrukturen ausgezeichnet. Mit computergestützten Methoden ist es ihm gelungen, völlig neue Proteine mit gewünschter Form zu entwerfen. Seit seiner Entdeckung sind Forscherteams weltweit in der Lage, immer neue Strukturen gezielt zu bilden. John Jumper und Demis Hassabis werden für die Entwicklung von Google DeepMinds Software AlphaFold2 geehrt, die als Revolution bei der Vorhersage von dreidimensionalen Proteinstrukturen aus der Aminosäuresequenz gilt. Das Deep-Learning-Tool wurde bisher von mehr als 2 Millionen Menschen aus 190 Ländern benutzt. Mittlerweile gibt es eine neue Version (AlphaFold3), die zusätzlich in der Lage ist, die Interaktionen von Proteinen mit anderen Biomolekülen vorauszusagen.
{"title":"Künstliche Intelligenz in der Proteinforschung","authors":"Kira Welter","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202400038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.202400038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Der Nobelpreis für Chemie 2024 geht an drei Wissenschaftler, die bahnbrechende Ergebnisse in der Proteinforschung erzielt haben. David Baker wird für seine Arbeit zum Design von Proteinstrukturen ausgezeichnet. Mit computergestützten Methoden ist es ihm gelungen, völlig neue Proteine mit gewünschter Form zu entwerfen. Seit seiner Entdeckung sind Forscherteams weltweit in der Lage, immer neue Strukturen gezielt zu bilden. John Jumper und Demis Hassabis werden für die Entwicklung von Google DeepMinds Software AlphaFold2 geehrt, die als Revolution bei der Vorhersage von dreidimensionalen Proteinstrukturen aus der Aminosäuresequenz gilt. Das Deep-Learning-Tool wurde bisher von mehr als 2 Millionen Menschen aus 190 Ländern benutzt. Mittlerweile gibt es eine neue Version (AlphaFold3), die zusätzlich in der Lage ist, die Interaktionen von Proteinen mit anderen Biomolekülen vorauszusagen.</p>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 6","pages":"328-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatty acids are characterised by a wide variety of structures and properties. Their functions and the effects of their metabolites in and on the skin are correspondingly diverse. They range from physical protection to local hormonal effects. In addition to the biochemistry of the fatty acids in the epidermis, synergistic influences of the skin microbiome play a major role in physiologically intact skin.
{"title":"Langweilig oder Spannend? Eine Reise Durch Die Fettsäure-Chemie der Haut","authors":"Hans Lautenschläger","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202400008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.202400008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fatty acids are characterised by a wide variety of structures and properties. Their functions and the effects of their metabolites in and on the skin are correspondingly diverse. They range from physical protection to local hormonal effects. In addition to the biochemistry of the fatty acids in the epidermis, synergistic influences of the skin microbiome play a major role in physiologically intact skin.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"59 2","pages":"64-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Large amounts of data can be processed and analyzed by methods based on Artificial Intelligence (AI). Thus, many processes in the lab can become faster and more efficient. However, one should be aware of the limits of such computer-based applications. We demonstrate how an AI-based program can first be trained with real images to be able to recognize and analyze particles on electron microscopic images on its own with high precision.
{"title":"Partikelanalyse Leicht Gemacht: Künstliche Intelligenz und Elektronenmikroskopie","authors":"Nina Gumbiowski, Kateryna Loza, Matthias Epple","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202400012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.202400012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Large amounts of data can be processed and analyzed by methods based on Artificial Intelligence (AI). Thus, many processes in the lab can become faster and more efficient. However, one should be aware of the limits of such computer-based applications. We demonstrate how an AI-based program can first be trained with real images to be able to recognize and analyze particles on electron microscopic images on its own with high precision.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"59 1","pages":"10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Wolfgang Gerhartz, Prof. Dr. Heribert Offermanns
Chemists have a very special relationship to colours. They determined the structure of natural dyes, developed total syntheses for them, e.g., indigo, invented new dyes, e.g., Prussian blue or phthalocyanines, which do not occur in nature, and worked out dyeing processes. In analytics, they created colour indicators. Many important natural scientists, researched the theoretical basis for recording, processing, classifying and assigning colour phenomena and colouring principles and created colour theories. The crowning of their love to colours is probably, when chemists leave their laboratory temporarily or for good in order to paint in a studio or in nature, Part 1: Chemists and Painters “ (Chem. unserer Zeit 2023, 57 (1), 2).Many chemists have also distinguished themselves as art collectors and have compiled significant collections, Part 2: Chemists and art collectors.
{"title":"Labor oder Atelier","authors":"Dr. Wolfgang Gerhartz, Prof. Dr. Heribert Offermanns","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202400017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.202400017","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chemists have a very special relationship to colours. They determined the structure of natural dyes, developed total syntheses for them, e.g., indigo, invented new dyes, e.g., Prussian blue or phthalocyanines, which do not occur in nature, and worked out dyeing processes. In analytics, they created colour indicators. Many important natural scientists, researched the theoretical basis for recording, processing, classifying and assigning colour phenomena and colouring principles and created colour theories. The crowning of their love to colours is probably, when chemists leave their laboratory temporarily or for good in order to paint in a studio or in nature, Part 1: Chemists and Painters “ (Chem. unserer Zeit <b><i>2023</i></b>, 57 (1), 2).Many chemists have also distinguished themselves as art collectors and have compiled significant collections, Part 2: Chemists and art collectors.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 6","pages":"352-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds great potential in leveraging complex relationships within large datasets. The primary challenge lies in identifying relevant features in abstract data such as molecules, compounds or spectra. Models are trained and tested using supervised or unsupervised learning methods. Active learning and iterative processes enhance accuracy. AI offers the potential for precise predictions and innovation in both research and industry.
{"title":"Von Daten zu Entdeckungen: Künstliche Intelligenz in der Chemie","authors":"Prof. Dr. Franziska Hess","doi":"10.1002/ciuz.202400021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.202400021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds great potential in leveraging complex relationships within large datasets. The primary challenge lies in identifying relevant features in abstract data such as molecules, compounds or spectra. Models are trained and tested using supervised or unsupervised learning methods. Active learning and iterative processes enhance accuracy. AI offers the potential for precise predictions and innovation in both research and industry.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9911,"journal":{"name":"Chemie in Unserer Zeit","volume":"58 6","pages":"334-341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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