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Pioniere der medizinischen mRNA-Technologie 药物mri的先锋
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202310016
Annette Hille-Rehfeld

Den Nobelpreis für Physiologie oder Medizin teilen sich in diesem Jahr die Biochemikerin Katalin Karikó und der Immunologe Drew Weissman für „Erkenntnisse über Nucleosid-Basenmodifikationen, die die Entwicklung wirksamer mRNA-Impfstoffe gegen COVID-19 ermöglichten“.

诺贝尔生理学或医学奖地区在今年产生的生物化学家Katalin KarikóImmunologe德鲁Weissman先生为“了解Nucleosid-Basenmodifikationen规避研发有效mRNA-Impfstoffe COVID-19使" .
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引用次数: 0
Kalter Krieg und heiße Brühe 冷战与热汤
IF 0.9 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202100054
Dr. Günter Matter

Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg war die Versorgung der Bevölkerung in der Sowjetzone besonders schwierig. Die Menschen litten Hunger, Fleisch war ein rarer Artikel. Das veranlasste die Chemiker des Elektrochemischen Kombinates Bitterfeld (EKB), aus Schlachtabfällen durch Eiweißhydrolyse Ersatzprodukte zu schaffen. Die unter dem Markennamen BINO auf den Markt gebrachten Speisewürzen, Brühwürfel, Eiweißpulver und weitere Produkte bereicherten das Lebensmittelangebot (Abbildung 1). Für das EKB war BINO eine Erfolgsgeschichte, Umsatz und Gewinn stimmten. Doch durch Falschmeldungen in der westdeutschen Presse wurden die BINO-Produkte in Misskredit gebracht. Auch die ostdeutsche Konkurrenz beschwerte sich bei den staatlichen Stellen der DDR darüber, wie ein chemischer Großbetrieb, der Grundchemikalien, Düngemittel, Biozide und Herbizide herstellt, Lebensmittel produzieren darf.

第二次世界大战结束后,苏维埃地区人口的供应尤为困难。人们忍饥挨饿,肉类成为稀缺商品。这促使比特费尔德电化学联合企业(EKB)的化学家们利用屠宰场的废料通过蛋白质水解制造出替代产品。以 BINO 品牌销售的调味料、汤块、蛋白粉和其他产品丰富了食品种类(图 1)。BINO 对 EKB 来说是一个成功的故事,销售和利润都很好。然而,西德媒体的不实报道使 BINO 产品声名狼藉。东德的竞争对手也向东德国家当局投诉,称一家生产基础化学品、化肥、杀菌剂和除草剂的大型化工公司怎么能生产食品。
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引用次数: 0
Wertvolle Baumrinde für gutes Leder – vom Handwerk eines Lohmüllers 优质皮制品
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202200047
Dieter Sicker

Durch Lohgerbung gewonnenes Leder hat eine warme hell- bis rotbraune Farbe.

穿上防晒毛衣,可使颜色从亮蓝色到红棕色。
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引用次数: 0
Moral, Verantwortung, Nachhaltigkeit 道德、责任、可持续性
IF 0.9 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202100051
Prof. Dr. D. Wöhrle

In the Anthropocene increasingly dramatic changes for the state of planet Earth occurred due to the consequences of industrialisation. The global economy and human behaviour also led to environmental stress and damage in the limited Earth system. A rethink in many areas must take place to avoid further consequences. Because of the importance of chemistry also in the future, ethics must be anchored as a moral value system. This is where scientists are called upon through their responsibility in applying the results of science. Sustainability is also important for the preservation of the regenerative capacity of ecosystems and the careful use of resources. It is necessary that schools and universities deal with ethics in chemistry in connection with moral, responsibility and sustainability.

在 "人类世",由于工业化带来的后果,地球的状态发生了日益剧烈的变化。全球经济和人类行为也给有限的地球系统带来了环境压力和破坏。为了避免进一步的后果,必须对许多领域进行重新思考。由于化学在未来的重要性,必须将伦理作为一种道德价值体系。这也是科学家在应用科学成果时需要承担的责任。可持续性对于保护生态系统的再生能力和谨慎使用资源也很重要。学校和大学有必要将化学伦理与道德、责任和可持续性联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Es ist angerichtet 一切就绪
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202310013
Gerhard Karger

Ausschnitt aus „Der Mensch als Industriepalast“ (Lehrtafel von Fritz Kahn, dem „Pionier der Infografik“ aus dem Jahr 1926. Schematischer Querschnitt eines armlosen Rumpfs; Bereiche des Körpers sind als Arbeitsräume gestaltet; die organischen Funktionen verglich Kahn mit industriellen Vorgängen oder alltäglichen Bürosituationen, um komplizierte Abläufe einfach darzustellen. An komplexen Prozessen wie dem Zuckerstoffwechsel in der Leber sind Arbeiter-Homunkuli beteiligt.

摘自 "信息图先驱 "弗里茨-卡恩 1926 年创作的 "工业宫殿中的人"(教育展板)。 无臂躯干的示意横截面;身体的各个区域被设计为工作空间;卡恩将有机功能与工业流程或日常办公环境进行了比较,以简单描述复杂的流程。工人同体参与复杂的过程,如肝脏中的糖代谢。
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引用次数: 0
Überleben im Giftgasnebel 在毒气迷雾中求生
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202300033
Larissa Tetsch

Bienenwölfe legen ihre Eier auf einer erbeuteten Honigbiene ab, die den schlüpfenden Larven als Nahrung dient. Für ihr Überleben sind sie auf bakterielle Symbionten angewiesen, die in der Bruthöhle von der Mutter auf die Larven übertragen werden. Doch in der Höhle herrschen für Mikroben tödliche Bedingungen, vor denen der Bienenwolf seine Symbionten schützen muss.

蜂狼在捕获的蜜蜂身上产卵,蜜蜂是孵化幼虫的食物。它们的生存依赖于细菌共生体,这种共生体在育雏洞穴中从母体转移到幼虫体内。然而,洞穴中的环境对微生物来说是致命的,蜂狼必须保护它的共生体。
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引用次数: 0
Stress in der Fritteuse 油炸锅里的压力
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202300036
Sylvia Feil

Bei einem Wort wie Frittenfett erinnern viele sich an ein bestimmtes Geruchs- und Geschmacksprofil. Allerdings gibt es keine klaren Parameter dafür, wann Gastronomen das Öl in der Fritteuse auswechseln sollten. Wie sich die Qualität jedoch einfach und treffend feststellen lässt, war Ziel einer Studie in Wuppertal und Detmold.

很多人一听到油条油脂这个词,就会想起某种气味和味道。然而,对于餐饮业何时应该更换油炸锅中的油,却没有明确的参数。不过,伍珀塔尔和德特莫尔德的一项研究旨在找出如何轻松准确地确定油的质量。
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引用次数: 0
Wasserstofflogistik: flüssige organische Wasserstoffträger 氢物流:液态有机氢载体
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202300017
Dr. Michael Geißelbrecht, Dr. Franziska Auer, Stephan Kiermaier, Prof. Dr. Peter Wasserscheid

Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs) represent a promising alternative for the storage and transport of the green energy carrier hydrogen. Compared to conventional methods, such as compression and liquefaction, the LOHC technology offers advantages in terms of safety and loss-free storage at comparable volumetric energy density. Due to reversible chemical bonding of the hydrogen in the LOHC fluid, the latter can be regarded as a liquid returnable bottle. The storage and release take place in each case via a chemical reaction. In this article, various application scenarios of the LOHC technology and related current projects are presented. In summary, it can be stated that the supply of buildings with electricity and heat can be realised by combining LOHC dehydrogenation and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The climate-neutral supply of industrial parks can be improved by integrating a seasonal LOHC storage system into an existing heating network. The coupling with a combined heat and power plant enables the use of all heat flows and a high storage efficiency. In addition, the LOHC technology can contribute to the realisation of safe, cheap and emission-free rail transport on non-electrified lines. In contrast to the use of gaseous hydrogen as fuel, the existing infrastructure for diesel can be further used for refuelling trains with the liquid LOHC storage medium.

液态有机氢载体(LOHC)是储存和运输绿色能源载体氢的一种很有前途的替代方法。与压缩和液化等传统方法相比,液态有机氢载体技术在安全和无损耗存储方面具有优势,而且体积能量密度相当。由于 LOHC 流体中氢的化学键是可逆的,因此后者可被视为液态可回收瓶。在每种情况下,储存和释放都是通过化学反应进行的。本文介绍了 LOHC 技术的各种应用场景和当前的相关项目。总之,LOHC 脱氢技术与固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)相结合,可以为建筑物提供电力和热能。通过在现有供热网络中集成一个季节性 LOHC 储存系统,可以改善工业园区的气候中和供应。通过与热电联产装置的耦合,可以利用所有热流并实现较高的存储效率。此外,LOHC 技术还有助于在非电气化线路上实现安全、廉价和无排放的铁路运输。与使用气态氢作为燃料不同的是,现有的柴油基础设施可进一步用于使用液态 LOHC 储存介质为列车加油。
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引用次数: 0
Der Rote Keulenkopf 红咋了
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202310014
Dr. Frank Petersen

All starting compounds for ergot drugs, lysergic acids being the most critical, could solely be generated by cultivating sclerotia on rye. In 1960 and 1964, Italian project teams led by the German-British chemist Ernst Boris Chain and the natural products research group at Sandoz AG in Basel accomplished a breakthrough in the submers cultivation production of lysergic acid-related compounds in bioreactors. In the USA, the German chemist Heinz Floss resolved the biosyntheses of lysergic acid and further ergotalkaloids by feeding radioactively labelled building blocks to liquid cultures of ergot. In 1999 the research teams of Paul Tudzynski (University of Münster) and Ullrich Keller (TU Berlin) identified the complete gene cluster in the ergot genome encoding the enzymes of the ergotamine biosynthesis and orchestrating the enzymatic steps to ergotamine. Today, ergotoxicosis of man still occurs sporadically in developing countries, where suitable measures for the reduction of sclerotia in the harvest and the continuous monitoring of cereals for toxin control cannot be constantly upheld. The gangrenous ergotism generated by contaminated forage grasses is still a worldwide problem for agricultural farms and nurseries. The receptors by which ergotalkaloids convey the gangrenous toxicosis are now well understood. The striking similarity between the symptoms of convulsive ergotism and the drug-induced “Serotonin-Syndrom”, as shown by the Australian neurologist Mervyn J. Eadie, reveals a passable analogical conclusion as to which receptor types may be involved in causing this kind of ergotoxicosis. In 2022, the US-American pharmacologist Bryan Roth elucidated the binding of LSD to the 5-HT2A/2B-receptors by applying the novel cryo electron microscopy technology. Leveraging the new high resolution structural data, the Chinese researcher Sheng Wang designed molecules showing antidepressive activity in a mouse model without displaying a hallucinogenic effect. Currently LSD is part of psychiatric clinical research studies to assess its therapeutic benefit in the therapy of difficult to treat depressions, traumatic disorders, anxiety states or cluster headache.

麦角药物的所有起始化合物,麦角酸是最关键的,只能通过在黑麦上培养菌核来产生。1960年和1964年,由德国-英国化学家Ernst Boris Chain领导的意大利项目团队和巴塞尔山德士公司的天然产物研究小组在生物反应器中水下培养生产麦角酸相关化合物方面取得了突破。在美国,德国化学家海因茨·弗洛斯(Heinz Floss)通过将放射性标记的构建块放入麦角菌的液体培养物中,解决了麦角酸和麦角素的生物合成问题。1999年,Paul Tudzynski(德国梅恩斯特大学)和Ullrich Keller(德国柏林工业大学)的研究小组在麦角基因组中发现了编码麦角胺生物合成酶的完整基因簇,并协调了麦角胺的酶合成步骤。今天,在发展中国家,人类麦角中毒仍然零星发生,在这些国家,减少收割时菌核病的适当措施和对谷物毒素控制的持续监测无法持续维持。受污染的牧草产生的坏疽性麦角病仍然是困扰农业农场和苗圃的世界性问题。麦角碱传递坏疽毒性的受体现在已经很清楚了。澳大利亚神经学家Mervyn J. Eadie指出,惊厥性麦角中毒的症状与药物引起的“血清素综合征”之间惊人的相似,揭示了关于哪种受体类型可能与引起这种麦角中毒有关的一个可行的类比结论。2022年,美国药理学家Bryan Roth利用新型低温电镜技术阐明了LSD与5-HT2A/ 2b受体的结合。利用新的高分辨率结构数据,中国研究人员王生设计的分子在小鼠模型中显示出抗抑郁活性,而不会显示出致幻作用。目前,LSD是精神病临床研究的一部分,旨在评估其治疗难以治疗的抑郁症、创伤性精神障碍、焦虑状态或丛集性头痛的疗效。
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引用次数: 0
Zitrusduft 柑橘香味
IF 0.8 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202370501

Limonen: auf der Suche nach dem verborgenen Duft

Von allen Naturstoffen umschmeicheln die Monoterpene unseren Riechsinn in ganz besonderer Weise. Schon beim Aufzählen ihrer Namen riecht es nach Kräutern und Gewürzen, Campher aus Rosmarin und Salbei, Thujon aus Wermut, Menthol aus Pfefferminze, Ocimen aus Basilikumöl, Eucalyptol aus Eukalyptus, Carvon aus Kümmel und Pulegon aus Polei-Minze. Aber nicht immer passt der Duft zum Namen; und das ausgerechnet bei dem am häufigsten vorkommenden Monoterpen, dem Limonen. Riechen wir einmal genauer hin.

柠檬烯:为了寻找所有天然物质的隐藏气味,单萜以一种非常特殊的方式抚摸我们的嗅觉。一提到它们的名字,就会闻到香草和香料的味道,迷迭香和鼠尾草的香蒲,艾草的thujon,薄荷的薄荷醇,罗勒油的ocimen,桉树的桉树,香菜的carvon和波莱薄荷的pulegon。但香水并不总是与名字相匹配;这是最常见的单萜,柠檬烯。让我们仔细看看。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Chemie in Unserer Zeit
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