Chemie in Unserer Zeit最新文献

Through the experiments presented here, students can use beautiful color reactions to investigate how an over-the-counter enzyme preparation can support the digestion of legumes and the oligosaccharides they contain, which are indigestible for humans. In addition, students can experimentally discover why enzyme preparations should not be taken on an empty stomach or with hot drinks. The experiments can be used to experimentally investigate important subject content about enzymes - their substrate specificity as well as their pH and temperature optimum - in an everyday context.

Soil is a finite resource. It is therefore necessary to address the impact of climate change and other influences on various soils from forests, grasslands, agriculture and peatlands and what measures need to be taken to sustainably maintain soil quality. This concerns for example soil temperatures, the water cycle, drought, and pollutants in the soil. Measures against soil pollution are discussed. First of all, the article treats the technical fundamentels of soil formation with soil types, soil cover with soil horizons, soil chemistry with minerals and clay-humus complexes, soil ecology with organisms living in the soil. Brief reference is made to experiments on the subject of soil for pupils at different school levels.

The terms sustainability and healthy nutrition have become increasingly important in social discourse in recent years. These buzzwords are often associated with alternative diets such as vegetarian and vegan diets, which are particularly popular among adolescents and young adults. Meat substitutes represent a group of products that resemble or are supposed to resemble the sensory characteristics of meat but avoid the killing of animals or the use of animal products at all. The high relevance of this topic to everyday life and the future concerns young people in particular, and thus also students. For this purpose, experiments on the topic of sustainable and healthy nutrition were developed for secondary level II, in which the properties and ingredients of a conventional pork mortadella and a vegetarian and vegan substitute product are examined. In this paper, the experiments for determining the calorific value, salt content and detection reactions for various food additives are presented. By dealing with the ingredients of the products, curricular competences of the upper secondary school are promoted on the one hand, and on the other hand, a deeper understanding for a sustainable and healthy diet is created.

Opium is the first versatile drug in human history. The improvement of chemical methods first led to the isolation of morphine which has still an important role today. Many semi-synthetic opiates have a much stronger effect than morphin. In the course of the 20th century the production of fullly synthetic opioids such as fentanyl was possible and are significantly more potent than all previous morphine derivates. Since the 1990s, the reckless mass prescription of oxycodone, first synthesised in 1916, has led to a severe opioid crisis withover 100,000 drug-related deaths in the USA every year. Fentanyl and other derivates have further exacerbated the drug misery. It has not been possible to produce an opioid without any risk of addiction, nor is a solution to drug-related crime in sight.

The document discusses the history and development of early synthetic dyes derived from coal tar, focusing on Pittakal and Corallin, and the important chemical discoveries related to these dyes.