Photocatalysis is a promising method for treating wastewater containing toxic organic pollutants. To improve the degradation of those pollutants, the utilization of mist that contains photocatalysts has been considered. In this study, the light illumination conditions of the mist that affect photocatalytic degradation were investigated to provide insight into the design of reactors that utilize photocatalyst-containing mist. In the reactor, UV light, ultrasound (US), and US-generated mist were applied to a mixture containing the TiO2 photocatalyst and phenol as the model organic pollutant. The results indicated that higher UV intensities and TiO2 dosages affected the illumination conditions to improve the degradation of phenol. However, at higher TiO2 dosages, mist was not generated, so its enhanced illumination was not utilized in the degradation reactions. The analysis of the reaction kinetics suggested the enhancement of the illumination condition by the mist. These findings provide insight into the design of the reactor that utilizes photocatalyst-containing mist to improve the irradiation conditions and promote photocatalytic reactions.
{"title":"Illumination conditions of photocatalyst-containing mist on the degradation of organic compounds","authors":"Shoma Kato , Yuka Sakai , Guoqing Guan , Yasuki Kansha","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalysis is a promising method for treating wastewater containing toxic organic pollutants. To improve the degradation of those pollutants, the utilization of mist that contains photocatalysts has been considered. In this study, the light illumination conditions of the mist that affect photocatalytic degradation were investigated to provide insight into the design of reactors that utilize photocatalyst-containing mist. In the reactor, UV light, ultrasound (US), and US-generated mist were applied to a mixture containing the TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalyst and phenol as the model organic pollutant. The results indicated that higher UV intensities and TiO<sub>2</sub> dosages affected the illumination conditions to improve the degradation of phenol. However, at higher TiO<sub>2</sub> dosages, mist was not generated, so its enhanced illumination was not utilized in the degradation reactions. The analysis of the reaction kinetics suggested the enhancement of the illumination condition by the mist. These findings provide insight into the design of the reactor that utilizes photocatalyst-containing mist to improve the irradiation conditions and promote photocatalytic reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 110106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110108
Dishika Gupta, Andrew T.C. Mak, Richard Lakerveld
Pharmaceutical cocrystals consist of an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a coformer in a fixed stoichiometric ratio. They can improve the manufacturability and properties of a drug powder. However, the manufacture of cocrystals is often more complicated compared to crystals of an active ingredient due to the possible formation of different solid-state forms. Cocrystallization through anti-solvent addition is a commonly used technique. However, the risk of nucleation of multiple solid-state forms is often high due to the high supersaturation levels achieved during anti-solvent crystallization. Therefore, intensifying a solution-mediated phase transformation is important. In this work, the ability of tubular flow crystallizers to intensify the phase transformation process in the carbamazepine-saccharin cocrystal system is characterized and compared to a conventional stirred tank crystallizer. The influence of the flow rate, tubular crystallizer type, and ratio of residence time in the tube to that in the tank are documented. The phase transformation process is substantially faster with the tubular crystallizers compared to that in a stirred tank crystallizer, which we explain through increased nucleation rates. We show that such intensification can be achieved either by recirculating the slurry through a static mixer or by installing a tubular crystallizer upstream of a stirred tank crystallizer.
{"title":"Intensified solid-state transformation during anti-solvent cocrystallization in flow","authors":"Dishika Gupta, Andrew T.C. Mak, Richard Lakerveld","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pharmaceutical cocrystals consist of an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a coformer in a fixed stoichiometric ratio. They can improve the manufacturability and properties of a drug powder. However, the manufacture of cocrystals is often more complicated compared to crystals of an active ingredient due to the possible formation of different solid-state forms. Cocrystallization through anti-solvent addition is a commonly used technique. However, the risk of nucleation of multiple solid-state forms is often high due to the high supersaturation levels achieved during anti-solvent crystallization. Therefore, intensifying a solution-mediated phase transformation is important. In this work, the ability of tubular flow crystallizers to intensify the phase transformation process in the carbamazepine-saccharin cocrystal system is characterized and compared to a conventional stirred tank crystallizer. The influence of the flow rate, tubular crystallizer type, and ratio of residence time in the tube to that in the tank are documented. The phase transformation process is substantially faster with the tubular crystallizers compared to that in a stirred tank crystallizer, which we explain through increased nucleation rates. We show that such intensification can be achieved either by recirculating the slurry through a static mixer or by installing a tubular crystallizer upstream of a stirred tank crystallizer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 110108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110107
Juan Gabriel Segovia-Hernández
The global transition toward sustainable energy emphasizes e-fuels as a promising alternative to fossil fuels, particularly in sectors that are difficult to decarbonize, such as aviation and heavy industry. E-fuels are produced via the Power-to-Liquids (PtL) process, which converts renewable electricity into hydrogen through water electrolysis or other sources, such as methane or biogas reforming, followed by the synthesis of hydrocarbons and other carbon-based compounds using captured CO2. Despite their potential, e-fuels face challenges such as high production costs and energy-intensive processes. Process Intensification (PI) offers a pathway to address these challenges by optimizing chemical processes to enhance efficiency, lower costs, and reduce environmental impact. Key areas of PI innovation include advancements in electrolysis technologies, catalyst development, reactor design, and carbon capture methods. These innovations are crucial for improving the efficiency of hydrogen and carbon-based fuel production, decreasing costs, and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, PI facilitates modular and scalable production systems that integrate seamlessly with renewable energy sources, reducing the need for fuel transportation and associated emissions. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities presented by PI, emphasizing its critical role in advancing the production of e-fuels and positioning them as a key component of a low-carbon energy future.
{"title":"Advancing E-fuels production through process intensification: overcoming challenges and seizing opportunities for a sustainable energy future - A critical review","authors":"Juan Gabriel Segovia-Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global transition toward sustainable energy emphasizes e-fuels as a promising alternative to fossil fuels, particularly in sectors that are difficult to decarbonize, such as aviation and heavy industry. E-fuels are produced via the Power-to-Liquids (PtL) process, which converts renewable electricity into hydrogen through water electrolysis or other sources, such as methane or biogas reforming, followed by the synthesis of hydrocarbons and other carbon-based compounds using captured CO<sub>2</sub>. Despite their potential, e-fuels face challenges such as high production costs and energy-intensive processes. Process Intensification (PI) offers a pathway to address these challenges by optimizing chemical processes to enhance efficiency, lower costs, and reduce environmental impact. Key areas of PI innovation include advancements in electrolysis technologies, catalyst development, reactor design, and carbon capture methods. These innovations are crucial for improving the efficiency of hydrogen and carbon-based fuel production, decreasing costs, and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, PI facilitates modular and scalable production systems that integrate seamlessly with renewable energy sources, reducing the need for fuel transportation and associated emissions. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities presented by PI, emphasizing its critical role in advancing the production of e-fuels and positioning them as a key component of a low-carbon energy future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 110107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110131
Yonglun Wang, Wengang Liu, Wenbao Liu, Mengqiang Chen, Lianjie Hu
Although Bayer process is widely used in bauxite extraction, it challenges karst bauxite with low Al-Si ratio. Therefore, a two-step acid leaching process suitable for karst bauxite was studied based on the engineering strengthening principle, aiming at effectively separating and recovering iron and aluminum. The key parameters affecting extraction efficiency were evaluated by single factor experiments, with emphasis on reaction temperature, ratio of HCl to NH4HSO4 concentration, liquid-solid ratio (L/S) and reaction time. In order to optimize extraction parameters and minimize energy consumption, response surface methodology (RSM) is adopted. The optimized process conditions make the aluminum extraction rate reach 92.92 %, and the energy consumption is the least. In addition, XRD, SEM and EDS were used to characterize the leaching residues, which revealed that unreacted kaolinite and ammonium alum were dominant, and their cluster aggregation partially hindered leaching. The two-step acid leaching process in this study provides valuable insights for the process strengthening strategy of extracting iron and aluminum from karst bauxite.
{"title":"Two-step acid leaching extraction of Fe&Al from karst bauxite and optimization experimental study","authors":"Yonglun Wang, Wengang Liu, Wenbao Liu, Mengqiang Chen, Lianjie Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although Bayer process is widely used in bauxite extraction, it challenges karst bauxite with low Al-Si ratio. Therefore, a two-step acid leaching process suitable for karst bauxite was studied based on the engineering strengthening principle, aiming at effectively separating and recovering iron and aluminum. The key parameters affecting extraction efficiency were evaluated by single factor experiments, with emphasis on reaction temperature, ratio of HCl to NH<sub>4</sub>HSO<sub>4</sub> concentration, liquid-solid ratio (L/S) and reaction time. In order to optimize extraction parameters and minimize energy consumption, response surface methodology (RSM) is adopted. The optimized process conditions make the aluminum extraction rate reach 92.92 %, and the energy consumption is the least. In addition, XRD, SEM and EDS were used to characterize the leaching residues, which revealed that unreacted kaolinite and ammonium alum were dominant, and their cluster aggregation partially hindered leaching. The two-step acid leaching process in this study provides valuable insights for the process strengthening strategy of extracting iron and aluminum from karst bauxite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 110131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A non-equilibrium phase transition model, grounded in the classical theory of droplet nucleation and growth, is constructed for the prediction of condensation phenomena in supersonic flows by coupling transport equations with source terms. The study investigates the influence of nozzle insulation on the spontaneous condensation of CO2. Results show that the maximum supercooling in the non-insulated model is 6.3% higher than in the insulated model, which leads to earlier nucleation of gas in the non-insulated model. To investigate the impact of the condensation model on the gas expansion, a comparison is conducted between a single-phase flow model and a condensation flow model. The results indicate that the single-phase flow model neglects the latent heat released during condensation, leading to an overestimation of the flue gas expansion capacity inside the nozzle. The maximum deviation of the Mach number between the two models reaches 13%. Increasing inlet saturation from 0.172 to 0.222 results in a forward shift of the Wilson point and a decrease in the maximum nucleation rate from 1.3 × 1022 m-3s-1 to 5.2 × 1021 m-3s-1. However, the increase in saturation favors gas liquefaction, leading to a 34% increase in the maximum liquid fraction, from 0.065 to 0.087.
{"title":"Effect of the thermal insulation layer on non-equilibrium condensation in the nozzle for carbon capture","authors":"Xiaoyang Han, Tongsheng Wang, Zhiheng Wang, Jianan Chen, Zhu Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A non-equilibrium phase transition model, grounded in the classical theory of droplet nucleation and growth, is constructed for the prediction of condensation phenomena in supersonic flows by coupling transport equations with source terms. The study investigates the influence of nozzle insulation on the spontaneous condensation of CO<sub>2</sub>. Results show that the maximum supercooling in the non-insulated model is 6.3% higher than in the insulated model, which leads to earlier nucleation of gas in the non-insulated model. To investigate the impact of the condensation model on the gas expansion, a comparison is conducted between a single-phase flow model and a condensation flow model. The results indicate that the single-phase flow model neglects the latent heat released during condensation, leading to an overestimation of the flue gas expansion capacity inside the nozzle. The maximum deviation of the Mach number between the two models reaches 13%. Increasing inlet saturation from 0.172 to 0.222 results in a forward shift of the Wilson point and a decrease in the maximum nucleation rate from 1.3 × 10<sup>22</sup> m<sup>-3</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> to 5.2 × 10<sup>21</sup> m<sup>-3</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>. However, the increase in saturation favors gas liquefaction, leading to a 34% increase in the maximum liquid fraction, from 0.065 to 0.087.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 110124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110199
Jie Xiao , Ping An , Hang Liu , Mingming Ji , Yuxin Wang , Jinshou Fu , Jenny Rizkiana , Yang Li , Guangwen Xu , Lei Shi
In response to the problem of high energy consumption in the synthesis of ethyl acetate using excess ethanol, we propose novel low-energy technology for synthesizing ethyl acetate using a considerable excess of acetic acid which saves 80 % energy. Extreme excess of acetic acid ensures the complete conversion of ethanol. The main component at the top of reaction distillation column is only the azeotrope of ethyl acetate and water, which can be easily separated via direct stratification. This process was systematically investigated by combining experiments and simulations. The process simulation is conducted based on the kinetic equation obtained by experiments. The effects of excess acetic acid, liquid holdup in the reboiler, number of theoretical plates, and reflux ratio on product distribution and energy consumption of the reaction distillation column were studied. Furthermore, the main process parameters of the ester purification column and the water-treatment column were optimized. The simulation results were well validated by pilot-scale experiments. Using three distillation columns and under the optimized conditions, the proposed process with a 15-fold excess of acetic acid, and using molecular sieve membrane for water removal from ester, an ethyl acetate purity of 99.999 wt% was achieved with a total energy consumption of 1120 kJ/kg.
{"title":"A novel ethyl acetate synthesis process with low energy consumption: Simulation optimization and experimental verification","authors":"Jie Xiao , Ping An , Hang Liu , Mingming Ji , Yuxin Wang , Jinshou Fu , Jenny Rizkiana , Yang Li , Guangwen Xu , Lei Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the problem of high energy consumption in the synthesis of ethyl acetate using excess ethanol, we propose novel low-energy technology for synthesizing ethyl acetate using a considerable excess of acetic acid which saves 80 % energy. Extreme excess of acetic acid ensures the complete conversion of ethanol. The main component at the top of reaction distillation column is only the azeotrope of ethyl acetate and water, which can be easily separated via direct stratification. This process was systematically investigated by combining experiments and simulations. The process simulation is conducted based on the kinetic equation obtained by experiments. The effects of excess acetic acid, liquid holdup in the reboiler, number of theoretical plates, and reflux ratio on product distribution and energy consumption of the reaction distillation column were studied. Furthermore, the main process parameters of the ester purification column and the water-treatment column were optimized. The simulation results were well validated by pilot-scale experiments. Using three distillation columns and under the optimized conditions, the proposed process with a 15-fold excess of acetic acid, and using molecular sieve membrane for water removal from ester, an ethyl acetate purity of 99.999 wt% was achieved with a total energy consumption of 1120 kJ/kg.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110195
Xiaolei Cai , Yinghong Guo , Shun Guan , Duo Wang , Huihui Han , Yipeng Ji
The widespread application of Enhanced Oil Recovery technology has led to a higher degree of oil phase emulsification and more robust stability in produced water, posing a severe challenge to the production water treatment process of offshore oil fields. Due to the limited space on offshore platforms, it is difficult to improve the oil removal rate by increasing the residence time of the processing device. Compact Flotation Unit, as an efficient oily wastewater treatment technology that is gradually being widely used on offshore platforms, exhibits limited effectiveness in removing emulsified oil droplets. Electric floatation technology is an effective method for the demulsification treatment of oil-water emulsions. To assess the feasibility of the electric floatation technology to strengthen the separation performance of CFU, the separation performance of CFU under different operating conditions and their impact on the lower limit of oil droplet Sauter mean diameter removal are researched, and the separation characteristics of electric flotation technology for O/W emulsions are analyzed. In particular, the effects of current density, electrode spacing, and number of electrode plates on the growth rate of oil droplet Sauter mean diameter, oil removal efficiency, and turbidity removal rate are analyzed. The experimental results shows that, for the O/W emulsion with an initial oil content of 500mg/L, the growth rate of oil droplet Sauter mean diameter can reach about 1.6, the oil droplet Sauter mean diameter can increase to 28.8μm, and the turbidity removal rate can go over 67.1 % under the electric field parameters of a current density of 180mA/cm² and a plate spacing of 15 mm by using the metal oxide-coated electrodes applying for 1 min. It indicates that applying current can effectively facilitate the coalescence of oil droplets, resulting in an increase in the Sauter mean diameter, thereby significantly improving the removal efficiency of CFU from tiny oil droplets.
{"title":"The separation characteristics of O/W emulsions in compact flotation unit enhanced by electrical flotation technology","authors":"Xiaolei Cai , Yinghong Guo , Shun Guan , Duo Wang , Huihui Han , Yipeng Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread application of Enhanced Oil Recovery technology has led to a higher degree of oil phase emulsification and more robust stability in produced water, posing a severe challenge to the production water treatment process of offshore oil fields. Due to the limited space on offshore platforms, it is difficult to improve the oil removal rate by increasing the residence time of the processing device. Compact Flotation Unit, as an efficient oily wastewater treatment technology that is gradually being widely used on offshore platforms, exhibits limited effectiveness in removing emulsified oil droplets. Electric floatation technology is an effective method for the demulsification treatment of oil-water emulsions. To assess the feasibility of the electric floatation technology to strengthen the separation performance of CFU, the separation performance of CFU under different operating conditions and their impact on the lower limit of oil droplet Sauter mean diameter removal are researched, and the separation characteristics of electric flotation technology for O/W emulsions are analyzed. In particular, the effects of current density, electrode spacing, and number of electrode plates on the growth rate of oil droplet Sauter mean diameter, oil removal efficiency, and turbidity removal rate are analyzed. The experimental results shows that, for the O/W emulsion with an initial oil content of 500mg/L, the growth rate of oil droplet Sauter mean diameter can reach about 1.6, the oil droplet Sauter mean diameter can increase to 28.8μm, and the turbidity removal rate can go over 67.1 % under the electric field parameters of a current density of 180mA/cm² and a plate spacing of 15 mm by using the metal oxide-coated electrodes applying for 1 min. It indicates that applying current can effectively facilitate the coalescence of oil droplets, resulting in an increase in the Sauter mean diameter, thereby significantly improving the removal efficiency of CFU from tiny oil droplets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110198
Muhammad Younas , Fahad Rehman , Sulaiman Al Zuhair , Faisal Ahmed , Muzamal Muzafar , Ali Awad , Maryam Asif , Fahed Javed
Microalgae cultivation offers a promising alternative to conventional wastewater treatment. However, microalgae cultivation is hindered in real wastewater treatment due to the high concentration of contaminates, complex organic compounds, and non-sterilization, which reduces microalgae growth. Therefore, the current hypothesis is to integrate plasmolysis and microalgae treatment for real textile wastewater (TWW) treatment, which can provide a sustainable approach to removing pollutants without adding harmful chemicals. The air plasma produced different oxidizing species, such as ozone, superoxide, atomic oxygen, and hydroxyl radical, capable of decomposing complex organic pollutants, dyes, and toxic compounds commonly found in TWW. This pre-treatment detoxifies the wastewater, making it safer for microalgae and reducing its color content and turbidity while enhancing light penetration. Hence, this study treats real TWW by integrating plasmolysis with microalgae technology. The results show that textile wastewater using plasmolysis reduces the 89.11 % color content in 20 min using air Corona-DBD plasma at 5 kV, 26 kHz, and 10 mA. Afterward, plasma-treated wastewater (OTWW) is introduced into the bioreactor for microalgae cultivation, and the results show a significant increase in microalgae growth in OTWW compared with TWW.
{"title":"Synergistic approach to industrial wastewater treatment: Combining plasmolysis and microalgae cultivation","authors":"Muhammad Younas , Fahad Rehman , Sulaiman Al Zuhair , Faisal Ahmed , Muzamal Muzafar , Ali Awad , Maryam Asif , Fahed Javed","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae cultivation offers a promising alternative to conventional wastewater treatment. However, microalgae cultivation is hindered in real wastewater treatment due to the high concentration of contaminates, complex organic compounds, and non-sterilization, which reduces microalgae growth. Therefore, the current hypothesis is to integrate plasmolysis and microalgae treatment for real textile wastewater (TWW) treatment, which can provide a sustainable approach to removing pollutants without adding harmful chemicals. The air plasma produced different oxidizing species, such as ozone, superoxide, atomic oxygen, and hydroxyl radical, capable of decomposing complex organic pollutants, dyes, and toxic compounds commonly found in TWW. This pre-treatment detoxifies the wastewater, making it safer for microalgae and reducing its color content and turbidity while enhancing light penetration. Hence, this study treats real TWW by integrating plasmolysis with microalgae technology. The results show that textile wastewater using plasmolysis reduces the 89.11 % color content in 20 min using air Corona-DBD plasma at 5 kV, 26 kHz, and 10 mA. Afterward, plasma-treated wastewater (OTWW) is introduced into the bioreactor for microalgae cultivation, and the results show a significant increase in microalgae growth in OTWW compared with TWW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110182
Yanbo Li , Jen-Ping Chung , Huai Shi
The use of electro-technology for the biological treatment systems for wastewater represents a significant innovation in treatment efficiency and offers multiple advantages. This is a study of the methods, basic structures and progress of electrically enhanced biological treatment of wastewater. This study uses bibliometric analysis tools to search for 2,929 relevant papers in the Web of Science database from 2000 to 2023, to determine the evolution of knowledge structure in the field of electro-enhanced wastewater biological treatment (EEWBT). The research focus has shifted from basic wastewater treatments to the development of cutting-edge technologies that promote synchronous treatment and resource recovery. Future studies should focus on the optimization of bioreactors, in-depth mechanism studies and large-scale expansion of practical applications.
{"title":"Research on Electro-enhanced wastewater biological treatment from 2000 to 2023: A review and bibliometric analysis","authors":"Yanbo Li , Jen-Ping Chung , Huai Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of electro-technology for the biological treatment systems for wastewater represents a significant innovation in treatment efficiency and offers multiple advantages. This is a study of the methods, basic structures and progress of electrically enhanced biological treatment of wastewater. This study uses bibliometric analysis tools to search for 2,929 relevant papers in the Web of Science database from 2000 to 2023, to determine the evolution of knowledge structure in the field of electro-enhanced wastewater biological treatment (EEWBT). The research focus has shifted from basic wastewater treatments to the development of cutting-edge technologies that promote synchronous treatment and resource recovery. Future studies should focus on the optimization of bioreactors, in-depth mechanism studies and large-scale expansion of practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143225546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110197
Shuangcheng Fu , Liang Tao , Zhonghua Shen , Minghui Xu , Dong Yang , Yue Hu , Faqi Zhou
In this study, a helical guide vane cyclone separator was developed to enhance the separation efficiency of escaped oil droplets during the treatment and recovery of waste drilling fluid. The internal flow field and liquid film behavior were analyzed through numerical simulations and validated by experiments. The results indicate that the helical guide vane significantly influences tangential velocity and pressure drop. At an intake speed of 15 m/s, the tangential velocity can be reduced by 12 % with 0.5 turns, while it can be increased by 20 % with 3 turns. Initially, the pressure drop decreases; however, as the number of vane turns increases, the pressure drop subsequently rises. The turns also reduce the spiral angle of the droplets, thereby improving the trapping efficiency of smaller droplets. When the number of helical guide vane turns is 2, the separation efficiency reaches its peak. Through further research, it has been found that the pitch has a significant effect on the pressure drop. As the pitch increases, the pressure drop decreases noticeably; however, the separation efficiency does not change significantly.
{"title":"Effects of helical guide vanes on droplet behavior and separation performance in cyclone separators","authors":"Shuangcheng Fu , Liang Tao , Zhonghua Shen , Minghui Xu , Dong Yang , Yue Hu , Faqi Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a helical guide vane cyclone separator was developed to enhance the separation efficiency of escaped oil droplets during the treatment and recovery of waste drilling fluid. The internal flow field and liquid film behavior were analyzed through numerical simulations and validated by experiments. The results indicate that the helical guide vane significantly influences tangential velocity and pressure drop. At an intake speed of 15 m/s, the tangential velocity can be reduced by 12 % with 0.5 turns, while it can be increased by 20 % with 3 turns. Initially, the pressure drop decreases; however, as the number of vane turns increases, the pressure drop subsequently rises. The turns also reduce the spiral angle of the droplets, thereby improving the trapping efficiency of smaller droplets. When the number of helical guide vane turns is 2, the separation efficiency reaches its peak. Through further research, it has been found that the pitch has a significant effect on the pressure drop. As the pitch increases, the pressure drop decreases noticeably; however, the separation efficiency does not change significantly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143225539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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