Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification最新文献_第7页

Surrogate-based superstructure optimization for techno-economic and sustainability analysis of microwave-assisted ammonia production process 基于替代物的微波辅助制氨工艺上部结构优化技术经济及可持续性分析

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110648

Md Abdullah Al Masud, Kaden Schreiber, Yuxin Wang, Jianli Hu, Yuhe Tian

In this work, we present a surrogate-based modeling and superstructure optimization framework for ammonia production, with particular interest in exploring the application potential of novel microwave-assisted ammonia synthesis reactors. The superstructure considers the flowsheet from hydrogen and nitrogen acquisition, ammonia synthesis, to downstream product purification. Representative commercialized and emerging modular/intensified technologies are examined such as Haber-Bosch reactor versus microwave reactor, steam methane reforming versus electrolysis, etc. We showcase the use of SMOTE-integrated neural network modeling to incorporate microwave reactor as emerging process technology, in system-level analysis based on experimental data. For the other process technologies with available mechanistic simulations, surrogate models are developed to address the computational complexity of large-scale superstructure optimization. These neural network-based models are embedded into a single mixed-integer nonlinear programming formulation. The following application scenarios are investigated to: (i) maximize ammonia production, (ii) maximize ammonia production per unit of energy consumption, (iii) minimize equivalent annualized operating cost, and (iv) minimize the environmental impact quantified via Eco-Indicator 99. Multi-objective optimization is also performed using the

ϵ

-constrained method for minimizing environmental impact and total expenses. This work delivers a rigorous comparative assessment of current and next-generation ammonia production technologies, yielding insights into the optimal technology selections under varying decision-making priorities and evaluation criteria.

在这项工作中，我们提出了一个基于替代物的氨生产建模和上层结构优化框架，特别感兴趣的是探索新型微波辅助氨合成反应器的应用潜力。上层建筑考虑了从氢气和氮气获取、氨合成到下游产品净化的流程。研究了具有代表性的商业化和新兴的模块化/强化技术，如Haber-Bosch反应器与微波反应器，蒸汽甲烷重整与电解等。在基于实验数据的系统级分析中，我们展示了使用smote集成神经网络建模将微波反应器作为新兴的工艺技术。对于其他具有可用机制模拟的工艺技术，开发替代模型以解决大规模上层结构优化的计算复杂性。这些基于神经网络的模型被嵌入到单一的混合整数非线性规划公式中。研究了以下应用场景：(i)最大化氨产量，（ii）最大化单位能源消耗的氨产量，（iii）最小化等效年化运营成本，以及（iv）最小化通过生态指标99量化的环境影响。采用ϵ-constrained方法进行多目标优化，使环境影响和总费用最小化。这项工作对当前和下一代氨生产技术进行了严格的比较评估，从而对不同决策优先级和评估标准下的最佳技术选择产生了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Balancing recovery efficiency and environmental impact in microwave-assisted leaching of rare earth elements from red mud 微波辅助浸出赤泥中稀土元素回收效率与环境影响的平衡

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110649

Sajjad Ebrahimi-Moghaddam , Seyedeh Kimiya Chavoshi , Seyedmehdi Sharifian , Ehsan Vahidi , Fereshteh Rashchi

Red mud, a hazardous byproduct of alumina production, represents a critical secondary resource for rare earth elements (REEs) but poses significant extraction challenges due to its complex mineralogy and high iron content. Conventional REEs recovery from red mud relies on unselective leaching with sulfuric acid, which suffers from complex post-leaching treatments to reduce the impurities. This study introduces an environmentally balanced microwave-assisted leaching (MWAL) process employing formic acid, a green alternative, to selectively recover REEs in just 5 min (Nd, Pr, Y) while minimizing the co-dissolution of Fe and Ti. Under optimized conditions (600 W, 5 min, 1 % solid-to-liquid ratio), the process achieved exceptional recovery of 100 % Nd, 91.65 % Pr, and 60.21 % Y, with <4 % Fe leaching – significantly enhancing selectivity compared to conventional sulfuric acid treatment, and organic acids like malic acid and acetic acid. Microstructural investigations using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses revealed that microwave irradiation induces particle fragmentation and increases porosity and surface area, thereby enhancing acid accessibility. This porous residue (activated red mud) can be repurposed as an adsorbent, turning the process into a zero-waste system. Thermodynamic simulations (using PHREEQC software) further identified pH and temperature as critical parameters for mineral stability, with acidic conditions (pH < 3) maximizing the dissolution rate. The efficient internal heating through microwave irradiation combined with REEs complexation by formic acid, renders this approach a low-impact and effective way to recover REEs from red mud.

赤泥是氧化铝生产的危险副产品，是稀土元素（ree）的重要二次资源，但由于其复杂的矿物学和高铁含量，对提取构成了重大挑战。传统的从赤泥中回收稀土依赖于用硫酸进行非选择性浸出，这需要进行复杂的浸出后处理以减少杂质。本研究介绍了一种环境平衡的微波辅助浸出（MWAL）工艺，采用甲酸（一种绿色替代品），在5分钟内选择性地回收稀土（Nd, Pr， Y），同时最大限度地减少铁和钛的共溶。在优化条件下（600 W, 5 min， 1%固液比），该工艺获得了优异的Nd， Pr和Y的回收率分别为100%，91.65%和60.21%，铁浸出率为4%，与常规硫酸处理和有机酸（如苹果酸和乙酸）相比，选择性显著提高。利用场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）和布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒（BET）分析发现，微波辐照可诱导颗粒破碎，增加孔隙率和表面积，从而提高酸的可及性。这种多孔残留物（活性赤泥）可以作为吸附剂重新利用，将该过程转变为零废物系统。热力学模拟（使用PHREEQC软件）进一步确定了pH和温度是矿物稳定性的关键参数，酸性条件（pH < 3）最大限度地提高了溶解速度。微波辐照高效内加热结合甲酸络合稀土，是一种低影响、有效的赤泥稀土回收方法。

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引用次数: 0

Intensified recovery of vanadium via ultrasonic-assisted hydrolysis 超声辅助水解强化钒回收

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110647

Hao Peng, Teng Liu, Qiuyan Wu, Wenjing Pan, Jingjing Wang, Bing Li

This study examined the hydrolysis process of vanadium solutions, enhanced by ultrasonic technology, focusing on the effects of key variables such as pH, initial vanadium concentration, reaction time, and reaction temperature. The results indicated that hydrolysis was an effective method for vanadium recovery, significantly improved by ultrasound technology. A precipitation efficiency of 99.75 % was achieved under the optimal conditions: initial vanadium concentration of 10 g/L, a pH of 1.8, reaction temperature of 60 °C, reaction time of 60 min and stirring rate at 400 rpm. The XRD and SEM analyses confirmed that the hydrolyzed product was HNaV₆O₁₆·4H₂O, exhibiting a hydrangea-like morphology. Kinetic analysis of crystallization, based on the Avrami model, revealed an Avrami exponent of n = 2.6 ± 0.3 across various temperatures, suggesting that the precipitation mechanism was independent of temperature. It was also determined that the ultrasonic-assisted hydrolysis-precipitation process followed an interface-controlled growth mechanism for three-dimensional crystals, characterized by a decreasing nucleation rate.

本研究通过超声波技术对钒溶液的水解过程进行了研究，重点研究了pH、初始钒浓度、反应时间和反应温度等关键变量对钒溶液水解过程的影响。结果表明，水解是一种有效的钒回收方法，超声技术对钒的回收效果有显著改善。在钒初始浓度为10 g/L、pH为1.8、反应温度为60℃、反应时间为60 min、搅拌速度为400 rpm的条件下，沉淀效率可达99.75%。XRD和SEM分析证实，水解产物为HNaV6O16·4H2O，呈绣球状。基于Avrami模型的结晶动力学分析表明，在不同温度下，Avrami指数为n = 2.6±0.3，表明沉淀机制与温度无关。超声辅助水解-沉淀过程遵循界面控制的三维晶体生长机制，其特点是成核速率逐渐降低。

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引用次数: 0

Energy-efficient and low-carbon separation of ternary mixtures via heat pump-assisted dividing wall column 热泵辅助分壁塔分离三元混合物的节能低碳研究

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110645

Xinlan Weng, Xiaoxin Gao, Zhimeng Wang, Xiaoyu Kang, Zeyang Li

The demand for high-purity n-BuOH, i-BuOH, and s-BuOH is growing due to their expanding applications as solvents, fuel additives, and key intermediates in pharmaceuticals and polymers. However, conventional separation processes for these alcohols are plagued by high energy consumption. To address this challenge, this study develops an efficient and sustainable separation process using DWC technology. Systematic research on feed ratio impacts reveals that a balanced feed ratio of n-BuOH/i-BuOH/s-BuOH (0.333:0.334:0.333) achieves the most environmentally sustainable and energy-efficient DWC performance. Compared to the unbalanced feed ratio of n-BuOH/i-BuOH/s-BuOH (0.50:0.25:0.25) examined in this study, the balanced ratio achieves a 15.61 % reduction in TAC, a 24.72 % decrease in CO₂ emissions and a 24.72 % lowering of TEC. Building on this foundation, the current work focuses on a practical feed composition of n-BuOH/i-BuOH/s-BuOH (0.50:0.25:0.25) and conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis between conventional DWC and HP-DWC. Key operating parameters are optimized via SIO with the minimization of TAC as the objective, and the coefficient of performance is introduced to validate the heat pump feasibility. The evaluation demonstrates that HP-DWC significantly outperforms the conventional DWC, achieving remarkable reductions of 23.08 % in TAC, 64.73 % in TEC and 94.42 % in CO₂ emissions. This work confirms HP-DWC as a universal and effective strategy for the low-carbon separation of butanol isomers, providing a technically viable pathway toward sustainable chemical production.

由于高纯度正丁醇、正丁醇和正丁醇作为溶剂、燃料添加剂以及药品和聚合物的关键中间体的应用越来越广泛，对它们的需求正在增长。然而，这些醇的传统分离工艺受到高能耗的困扰。为了应对这一挑战，本研究利用DWC技术开发了一种高效、可持续的分离工艺。对进料比影响的系统研究表明，正buoh /正buoh /正buoh的平衡进料比（0.333:0.334:0.333）可实现最环保、最节能的DWC性能。与本研究检测的n-BuOH/i-BuOH/s-BuOH的不平衡进料比（0.50:0.25:0.25）相比，平衡比例使TAC降低15.61%，二氧化碳排放量降低24.72%，TEC降低24.72%。在此基础上，本工作重点研究了n-BuOH/i-BuOH/s-BuOH（0.50:0.25:0.25）的饲料组合，并对传统DWC和HP-DWC进行了全面的比较分析。以TAC最小为目标，通过SIO优化关键运行参数，并引入性能系数验证热泵的可行性。评价表明，HP-DWC显著优于传统DWC， TAC减少23.08%，TEC减少64.73%，CO2减少94.42%。这项工作证实了HP-DWC是一种普遍有效的丁醇异构体低碳分离策略，为可持续化学品生产提供了技术上可行的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Response surface methodology optimization-ultrasonic enhanced zinc powder purification of copper and cadmium in zinc sulfate solution 响应面法优化超声强化锌粉净化硫酸锌溶液中铜和镉

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110644

Shixiong Peng , Jianwei Zhu , Yingjie Xu , Hongwei Li , Hongying Xia , Yongliang Zhu , Wentao Zheng , Haiyang Liu , Libo Zhang

This research examined the underlying mechanisms and effectiveness of employing ultrasonic intensification in the zinc powder cementation purification process aimed at removing copper and cadmium impurities from zinc sulfate solutions within hydrometallurgical applications. The findings indicate that ultrasonic cavitation efficiently eliminates the inert passivation layer present on the surface of zinc powder, prevents particle agglomeration, and maintains a highly reactive surface area. The micro-jets and shock waves generated by the collapse of cavitation bubbles substantially enhance the mass transfer rates of copper and cadmium ions to the zinc powder surface, thereby accelerating the cementation reaction. Additionally, the thermal and mechanical effects induced by ultrasound contribute to improved uniformity and stability of the reaction system. Process parameters were optimized through Response Surface Methodology employing a Box-Behnken Design, resulting in optimal conditions identified as a reaction time of 30 min, ultrasonic power of 120 W, and a zinc powder dosage at 2.6 times the stoichiometric requirement. Notably, the application of ultrasound significantly reduced the average particle size of the purified residue from 31.89 μm, observed in the conventional process, to 10.88 μm, primarily attributable to ultrasonic grain refinement facilitated by high-frequency mechanical agitation. This pronounced decrease in particle size markedly enhances zinc powder utilization efficiency.

本研究考察了在湿法冶金应用中，采用超声波强化锌粉胶结净化工艺去除硫酸锌溶液中铜和镉杂质的潜在机制和有效性。结果表明：超声空化有效地消除了锌表面的惰性钝化层，防止了颗粒团聚，保持了较高的活性表面积。空化气泡崩塌产生的微射流和激波大大提高了铜和镉离子向锌粉表面的传质速率，从而加速了胶结反应。此外，超声诱导的热效应和力学效应有助于提高反应体系的均匀性和稳定性。采用Box-Behnken设计响应面法对工艺参数进行优化，确定最佳工艺条件为反应时间30 min，超声功率120 W，锌粉用量为化学计量学要求的2.6倍。值得注意的是，超声波的应用显著降低了纯化残渣的平均粒径，从常规工艺的31.89 μm降至10.88 μm，这主要是由于高频机械搅拌促进了超声波晶粒细化。这种明显的粒度减小，显著提高了锌粉的利用效率。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrasound and electromagnetic heating assisted biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using paphia undulata shell-based CaO catalyst 超声波和电磁加热辅助波状巴菲亚壳基氧化钙催化剂从废食用油中制备生物柴油

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110643

Ilmi , Suherman , Renita Manurung , Yasmin Anggia Sari , Frans Tambunan , Juni Hardi Panjaitan , Jassinnee Milano

The efficiency of biodiesel production is strongly influenced by the choice of heating and stirring technologies, yet comparative studies at the pilot scale remain limited. This work presents a novel investigation of transesterification using two distinct process intensification approaches, ultrasound assisted (US) and electromagnetic (EM) induction heating for the conversion of waste cooking oil (WCO) into biodiesel. A heterogeneous calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst was synthesized from Paphia undulata shells, an abundant biogenic waste, via calcination at 900 °C for two hours, and thoroughly characterized using SEM, FTIR, and XRF analyses. Transesterification were conducted under systematically varied conditions of catalyst loading (2–6 wt.%), methanol-to-oil molar ratios (6:1–12:1), and reaction times (30–90 min) at 60 °C. The optimum conditions are 5 wt.% catalyst, a 12:1 molar ratio, and 30 min of reaction time yielded 89 % biodiesel with US and 87 % with EM. The US-assisted process demonstrated not only shorter reaction times but also superior fuel quality, including reduced kinematic viscosity and iodine value, fully compliant with ASTM D6751 standards. The originality of this study lies in its integration of ultrasound-driven process intensification with a low-cost, bio-derived CaO catalyst, thereby providing a sustainable and scalable route for WCO valorization. These findings underscore the potential of coupling green catalysts with advanced energy-efficient technologies to enhance both the environmental and economic viability of biodiesel production.

生物柴油的生产效率受到加热和搅拌技术选择的强烈影响，但中试规模的比较研究仍然有限。这项工作提出了一项新的研究，利用两种不同的过程强化方法，超声辅助（US）和电磁（EM）感应加热将废食用油（WCO）转化为生物柴油。以丰富的生物废弃物波纹帕菲亚壳为原料，在900℃下煅烧2小时，合成了一种多相氧化钙（CaO）催化剂，并利用SEM、FTIR和XRF对其进行了全面表征。在催化剂负载（2-6 wt.%）、甲醇与油的摩尔比（6:1-12:1）和反应时间（30-90 min）的条件下，在60°C下系统地进行了酯交换。最佳条件是5 wt.%的催化剂，12:1的摩尔比，30分钟的反应时间，得到89%的生物柴油与US和87%的EM。美国辅助的过程不仅证明了更短的反应时间，而且优越的燃料质量，包括降低的运动粘度和碘值，完全符合ASTM D6751标准。本研究的独创性在于将超声驱动的工艺强化与低成本、生物衍生的CaO催化剂相结合，从而为WCO的增值提供了一种可持续和可扩展的途径。这些发现强调了将绿色催化剂与先进的节能技术结合起来，以提高生物柴油生产的环境和经济可行性的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A hybrid surrogate and simulation-based framework for efficient CapEx/OpEx optimization in complex chemical plants 一个混合代理和基于模拟的框架，用于复杂化工厂的高效CapEx/OpEx优化

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110638

Luis Felipe Sánchez , Marcello Maria Bozzini , Mattia Vallerio, Flavio Manenti

Process Intensification aims at the economic and operational efficiency of chemical processes by emphasizing energy integration, unit size reduction, and cost minimization. The optimality of intensified solutions is typically assessed using Process Simulators, especially for complex chemical processes. These tools offer limited reliability and flexibility for the optimization of Capital Expenditures (CapEx), thus restricting their scope to Operational Expenditures (OpEx). As an alternative, external software is commonly required for simulation-based (SIM-OPT) and surrogate-based (SUR-OPT) CapEx/OpEx optimization. This work introduces a framework to select the most efficient optimization methodology based on simulation computational complexity. In addition, it presents a novel methodology (MIX-OPT) providing an efficient trade-off between optimization speed and accuracy. These three approaches were employed to optimize a complex biogas-to-methanol plant. Results showed that SIM-OPT achieved the greatest reduction in the Payback Period (PBP) of the plant (9.28%) with highest computational demand (984 min), SUR-OPT had the shortest computational time (717 min) with moderate PBP reduction (7.89%), and MIX-OPT reached a compromise with a PBP reduction of 8.24% in 884 min. The proposed framework demonstrated that simple simulations benefit from SIM-OPT, complex ones from SUR-OPT, and a wide range of simulations in the middle from the novel MIX-OPT approach.

过程强化旨在通过强调能源整合、单元尺寸减小和成本最小化来提高化学过程的经济和操作效率。强化解决方案的最佳性通常使用过程模拟器进行评估，特别是对于复杂的化学过程。这些工具在优化资本支出（CapEx）方面提供了有限的可靠性和灵活性，因此将其范围限制在运营支出（OpEx）上。作为替代方案，基于模拟（SIM-OPT）和基于代理（SUR-OPT）的CapEx/OpEx优化通常需要外部软件。本文介绍了一个基于仿真计算复杂度选择最有效优化方法的框架。此外，它还提出了一种新的方法（MIX-OPT），在优化速度和精度之间进行了有效的权衡。采用这三种方法对一个复杂的沼气制甲醇装置进行了优化。结果表明，SIM-OPT在计算需求最高（984 min）的植物投资回收期（PBP）减少幅度最大（9.28%），su - opt在计算时间最短（717 min）， PBP减少幅度适中（7.89%），MIX-OPT在884 min的投资回收期（PBP）减少幅度为8.24%。所提出的框架表明，简单的模拟受益于SIM-OPT，复杂的模拟受益于SUR-OPT，中间的大范围模拟受益于新颖的MIX-OPT方法。

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引用次数: 0

Performance analysis of bio-inspired flow fields for process intensified hydrogen production in proton exchange membrane electrolysis cells 质子交换膜电解池过程强化制氢的仿生流场性能分析

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110642

Sha Mi, Jiting Li, Lingling Cai, Gengrui Li, Yunpeng Su

Effective thermal and water management is essential for the stable operation of proton exchange membrane electrolysis cells (PEMECs). To this end, three bio-inspired configurations have been developed in this paper: fishbone, leaf vein and honeycomb flow fields are established based on COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software, and parallel flow fields are chosen as a comparison. Four distinct flow field designs were thoroughly examined to assess their impact on the electrolytic behavior, along with the thermal and mass transport properties of PEMECs. The results of the simulations revealed that the flow field architecture exerted only a minor influence on the polarization behavior of PEM electrolyzers. However, with regard to hydrogen molar fraction, the leaf-vein flow field demonstrates the highest hydrogen molar fraction content among the four flow fields under consideration. It is demonstrated that, at an electrolysis voltage of 2.4 V, the average temperatures for the herringbone, venation, and honeycomb flow fields are reduced by 1 %, 0.6 %, and 0.3 %, respectively, in comparison to the parallel flow field architecture. Furthermore, among the four flow patterns, the venation pattern exhibits the greatest pressure drop. Finally, the honeycomb flow pattern contains the highest membrane water content, exceeding that of the parallel flow pattern by 1.09 %.

有效的热、水管理是质子交换膜电解电池（PEMECs）稳定运行的关键。为此，本文基于COMSOL Multiphysics仿真软件建立了鱼骨流场、叶脉流场和蜂窝流场三种仿生构型，并选择平行流场进行对比。研究人员对四种不同的流场设计进行了全面的研究，以评估它们对pemec的电解行为以及传热和传质性能的影响。模拟结果表明，流场结构对PEM电解槽的极化行为影响很小。而在四种流场中，叶脉流场的氢摩尔分数含量最高。结果表明，在电解电压为2.4 V时，人字流场、脉状流场和蜂窝流场的平均温度分别比平行流场结构降低1%、0.6%和0.3%。四种流型中，脉纹流型的压降最大。最后，蜂窝流型的膜含水量最高，比平行流型高1.09%。

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引用次数: 0

Sodium persulfate enhances straw pretreatment and reduces NaOH dosage for biohydrogen production 过硫酸钠提高秸秆预处理效果，减少生物制氢NaOH用量

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110641

Liu Qianchi , Sheng Tao , Yang Chunxue , Sun Caiyu , Huang Linlin , Li Lixin

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant resources on Earth. It represents a promising feedstock for biohydrogen production. However, the complex and rigid structure of lignocellulose poses a significant challenge, as it limits the accessibility of cellulose to microbial degradation. Consequently, pretreatment is a crucial step in breaking down this structure and enhancing the digestibility of holocellulose. In this study, sodium persulfate (SPS) was applied to enhance the NaOH pretreatment of rice straw for cellulosic biohydrogen production. The results indicated that SPS has not only decreased the dosage of NaOH for the rice straw pretreatment but also disrupted the structure of rice straw by removing lignin and weakening the hydrogen bonds between cellulose and hemicellulose. The maximum hydrogen yield obtained from the SPS-NaOH (NCN) pretreatment was 91.05 mL/g, which was 3.47 and 1.80 times higher than that achieved by using SPS and NaOH alone, respectively. Furthermore, this combined pretreatment effectively degraded lignin and shifted the metabolic pathway towards the more efficient butyric acid-type fermentation. In conclusion, the NCN combination proved to be a highly effective strategy for enhancing biohydrogen production from rice straw.

木质纤维素生物质是地球上最丰富的资源之一。它代表了一种很有前途的生物制氢原料。然而，木质纤维素的复杂和刚性结构带来了重大挑战，因为它限制了微生物降解纤维素的可及性。因此，预处理是分解这种结构和提高全息纤维素消化率的关键步骤。本研究采用过硫酸钠（SPS）强化稻草NaOH预处理，用于纤维素生物制氢。结果表明，SPS不仅减少了稻草预处理中NaOH的用量，而且通过去除木质素和削弱纤维素与半纤维素之间的氢键破坏了稻草的结构。SPS-NaOH （NCN）预处理的最大产氢率为91.05 mL/g，分别是单独使用SPS和NaOH的3.47和1.80倍。此外，这种联合预处理有效地降解了木质素，并将代谢途径转向更有效的丁酸型发酵。综上所述，NCN组合是提高秸秆生物制氢效率的有效策略。

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引用次数: 0

Research on the treatment of neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) waste by flash reduction melting method 闪速还原熔融法处理钕铁硼废渣的研究

IF 3.9 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110639

Lei Guo, Haojie Zheng, Kaidi Mu, Zhancheng Guo

Neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) is a third-generation rare earth permanent magnet material, and its production process generates waste containing approximately 30 % rare earth elements. If not recycled, this waste of rare earth resources will also have an impact on the environment. This paper presents a method for treating NdFeB waste through flash reduction melting. The separation of slag and iron can be effectively achieved through the combined process of pre-reduction and flash melting, along with grinding and magnetic separation of the particles. Particles smaller than 30 μm achieve effective separation of slag and iron via flash reduction melting combined with grinding and magnetic separation, whereas particles larger than 30 μm require pre-reduction treatment. This study also examines the effects of particle size and pre-reduction on flash reduction melting and develops a process route for the flash reduction treatment of NdFeB waste. After the two-step process, the metallization rate of the particles exceeds 95 %, yielding spherical metallic iron powder and rare earth slag following grinding and magnetic separation. The Nd content in the rare earth slag reaches up to 62 %, while the iron content in the iron powder can reach 95 %.

钕铁硼（NdFeB）是第三代稀土永磁材料，其生产过程中产生的废料中稀土元素含量约为30%。如果不加以回收利用，这种稀土资源的浪费也会对环境产生影响。介绍了一种闪速还原熔融法处理钕铁硼废料的方法。通过预还原与闪熔相结合的工艺，结合磨矿和磁选对颗粒进行分离，可以有效地实现渣铁分离。小于30 μm的颗粒通过闪速还原熔融结合磨矿和磁选实现了渣铁的有效分离，大于30 μm的颗粒则需要进行预还原处理。本研究还考察了颗粒大小和预还原对闪速还原熔融的影响，并开发了一种闪速还原处理钕铁硼废料的工艺路线。两步工艺处理后，颗粒金属化率超过95%，磨矿磁选后得到球形金属铁粉和稀土渣。稀土渣中的Nd含量可达62%，铁粉中的铁含量可达95%。

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引用次数: 0