Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification最新文献

英文中文

Modelling and optimization of spent mushroom substrate valorization into humic-like substances through alkaline extraction intensified by ultrasound

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110261

Dominik Nieweś, Kinga Marecka, Jakub Zieliński, Marta Huculak-Mączka

The present study aimed to assess the possibility of humic-like substances (HSLs) isolation from spent mushroom substrate (SMS) through alkaline extraction intensified by ultrasound. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) coupled with the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for the process evaluation. Based on the polynomial model, the values of NaOH concentration, process time, and temperature values were selected to maximize the extraction efficiency. The coefficient of determination for the created model was 97.61 %, and the experimental verification of the response showed that the extraction efficiency under optimal process conditions was equal to 32.66 % ± 1.26 %. Obtained humic-like substances were fractionated into humic-like acids (HLAs) and fulvic-like acids (FLAs) and qualitatively assessed. The ATR-FTIR and CP/MAS ¹³C NMR spectra of the isolated samples revealed the presence of aliphatic, aromatic, carboxyl and carbonyl structures, which were also evident for the humic and fulvic acids extracted from peat and lignite. Furthermore, HLAs and FLAs were characterized by lower concentrations of heavy metals compared to samples isolated from peat and lignite, which combined with a significant content of micro and macronutrients may indicate the potential to use humic-like and fulvic-like acids extracted from the spent mushroom substrate for agricultural purposes.

{"title":"Modelling and optimization of spent mushroom substrate valorization into humic-like substances through alkaline extraction intensified by ultrasound","authors":"Dominik Nieweś, Kinga Marecka, Jakub Zieliński, Marta Huculak-Mączka","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed to assess the possibility of humic-like substances (HSLs) isolation from spent mushroom substrate (SMS) through alkaline extraction intensified by ultrasound. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) coupled with the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for the process evaluation. Based on the polynomial model, the values of NaOH concentration, process time, and temperature values were selected to maximize the extraction efficiency. The coefficient of determination for the created model was 97.61 %, and the experimental verification of the response showed that the extraction efficiency under optimal process conditions was equal to 32.66 % ± 1.26 %. Obtained humic-like substances were fractionated into humic-like acids (HLAs) and fulvic-like acids (FLAs) and qualitatively assessed. The ATR-FTIR and CP/MAS <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectra of the isolated samples revealed the presence of aliphatic, aromatic, carboxyl and carbonyl structures, which were also evident for the humic and fulvic acids extracted from peat and lignite. Furthermore, HLAs and FLAs were characterized by lower concentrations of heavy metals compared to samples isolated from peat and lignite, which combined with a significant content of micro and macronutrients may indicate the potential to use humic-like and fulvic-like acids extracted from the spent mushroom substrate for agricultural purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 110261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Removal of nitric oxide from gas streams by droplet triggered gas discharge

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110260

Linfa Bao , Han Chen , Mian Hu , Ange Chen , Guodong Wang , Liwei Huang

The study investigated nitrogen oxide (NO) removal using gas discharge plasma technology, by an enhanced plate-plate corona discharge reactor. This reactor was an improvement over the traditional wire-plate reactor, featuring an added water dripping device above the reactor. The downward dripping water facilitated the discharge between the electrode plates, while simultaneously absorbing the nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) produced during the reaction and converting it into nitric acid (HNO₃). The effects of water droplets and different process parameters (voltage, residence time, NO inlet concentration, and oxygen concentration) on NO removal were investigated. The reaction mechanism and the optimal energy efficiency were further discussed. The results showed that the removal efficiency of NO reached 61.5 %, with an energy efficiency of 0.204 mg kJ⁻¹, under the optimal conditions of a 14 kV direct current voltage, a flue gas flow rate of 1.5 L·min⁻¹, an initial NO concentration of 350 mg·m⁻³, an oxygen flow rate of 40 mL min⁻¹, and a droplet dropping rate of 10 mL min⁻¹. Moderate water droplets can promote discharge reactions and NO conversion to HNO₃, but excessive droplets can reduce discharge effectiveness and NO removal efficiency, and lead to voltage breakdown and electric leakage. Moreover, the generated HNO₃ in water solution can be recycled and reused, suggesting significant industrial application potential.

{"title":"Removal of nitric oxide from gas streams by droplet triggered gas discharge","authors":"Linfa Bao , Han Chen , Mian Hu , Ange Chen , Guodong Wang , Liwei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigated nitrogen oxide (NO) removal using gas discharge plasma technology, by an enhanced plate-plate corona discharge reactor. This reactor was an improvement over the traditional wire-plate reactor, featuring an added water dripping device above the reactor. The downward dripping water facilitated the discharge between the electrode plates, while simultaneously absorbing the nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) produced during the reaction and converting it into nitric acid (HNO<sub>3</sub>). The effects of water droplets and different process parameters (voltage, residence time, NO inlet concentration, and oxygen concentration) on NO removal were investigated. The reaction mechanism and the optimal energy efficiency were further discussed. The results showed that the removal efficiency of NO reached 61.5 %, with an energy efficiency of 0.204 mg kJ<sup>−1</sup>, under the optimal conditions of a 14 kV direct current voltage, a flue gas flow rate of 1.5 L·min<sup>−1</sup>, an initial NO concentration of 350 mg·m<sup>−3</sup>, an oxygen flow rate of 40 mL min<sup>−1</sup>, and a droplet dropping rate of 10 mL min<sup>−1</sup>. Moderate water droplets can promote discharge reactions and NO conversion to HNO<sub>3</sub>, but excessive droplets can reduce discharge effectiveness and NO removal efficiency, and lead to voltage breakdown and electric leakage. Moreover, the generated HNO<sub>3</sub> in water solution can be recycled and reused, suggesting significant industrial application potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 110260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of supersonic flow in a Laval nozzle with different convergent and divergent geometries

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110247

L.L.X. Augusto , K.R.B. Melo , M.L. Aguiar , V.G. Guerra , G.C. Lopes

Supersonic separators have emerged from researches of new technologies to eliminate impurities from natural gas. The nozzle geometry plays an important role on the flow stability and on the condensation of components of the natural gas. Notable attention has been devoted to the design of the convergent section, whereas the impact of the divergent part on internal nozzle flow remains understudied. This paper puts forward a numerical investigation of the supersonic air flow inside a Laval nozzle for different designs of both convergent and divergent sections. The results have shown that the flow is more affected by the divergent geometry than by the convergent design. Disturbances on the flow were observed when a linear shape is used in the later part. The disturbances formed when a linear divergent section were progressively reduced as the length of the constant area portion increases. By using an Arina divergent section, smaller velocity gradients were observed, which can be a positive aspect for phase separation during the condensation process. Different pressures were assigned at inlet and outlet of the nozzle and the results indicates that moderate pressures can mitigate re-evaporation and provides sufficient time for droplet nucleation and growth during the condensation.

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引用次数: 0

Effect of dry / wet steam outlet area ratio on the performance of supersonic separator

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110259

Weiwei Xu , Fuhao Wang , Shiwen Yu

Supersonic swirling separator is a vital equipment for natural gas purification. The change in the dry / wet steam outlet area in the separator drainage structure has a significant effect on shock wave formation and condensation separation, but there are few studies on this aspect. Therefore, based on the CH₄H₂O two-component gas condensation model, a complete supersonic swirling separator was established, a new separation efficiency calculation method was proposed, and the influence of the dry/wet steam outlet area ratio on condensation and separation was studied. The wet steam outlet area, dry steam outlet area and flow area are changed respectively for calculation. The results show that when the ratio of wet steam outlet area to flow area is 0.5, the ratio of dry steam outlet area to flow area is 0.45, and the ratio of flow area to separator cross-sectional area is in the range of 0.77–0.94, the best condensation and separation effect can be achieved.

超音速漩涡分离器是天然气净化的重要设备。分离器排水结构中干/湿蒸汽出口面积的变化对冲击波的形成和冷凝分离有很大影响，但这方面的研究很少。因此，基于 CH4H2O 双组分气体冷凝模型，建立了完整的超音速漩涡分离器，提出了新的分离效率计算方法，并研究了干/湿蒸汽出口面积比对冷凝分离的影响。分别改变湿蒸汽出口面积、干蒸汽出口面积和流动面积进行计算。结果表明，当湿蒸汽出口面积与流通面积之比为 0.5，干蒸汽出口面积与流通面积之比为 0.45，流通面积与汽水分离器截面积之比为 0.77-0.94 时，可以达到最佳的冷凝分离效果。

引用次数: 0

Integration of indirect mechanism autothermal reforming process with chilled methanol scrubbing solution for syngas purification: Power generation exploiting blue hydrogen as fuel

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110248

Mohammadreza Malekli , Alireza Aslani , Tara Ghaffarinejad

This paper focuses on the design of blue hydrogen production through indirect mechanism autothermal reforming of natural gas applied to a combined cycle power plant with 420 MW total gross power generation. Excluding the pre-combustion CO₂ capture, a natural gas combined cycle power plant has been modeled as a reference case. Despite the traditional configuration, all the required heat in stripping towers is generated from the ATR process. Moreover, a double-pressure organic Rankine cycle is coupled with the reforming process through heat integration. Approximately 10.36 kg/s H₂ with 96.137 mol% purity, 67.41 MJ/kg Lower Heating Value, and 78.42% Cold Gas Efficiency is produced by 93.87% CO₂ capture ratio in the Rectisol process with the specific heating consumption of ∼1.59 MJ/kg CO₂. The final plant demonstrates that the total net power generation has improved from 353.24 MW to 382.38 MW, and net efficiency has been ameliorated by 4.17%. Additionally, the energy penalty is remarkably reduced by 7.19% compared to a plant without an organic Rankine cycle. Eventually, the specific CO₂ emission decreased from 31.98 to 29.55 gCO₂/kWh, as well as the annual emission of CO₂ that has declined significantly from 1231.66 to 98.97 ktons/year.

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引用次数: 0

Sonoluminescence and H2O2 produced in water under different ultrasound operating conditions applied to the sono-photo-Fenton landfill leachate treatment

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110246

Flavio Alanís , Rainer Nordenflycht , Matías Guerrero , Katherine Villalobos , Rodrigo Poblete , C.A. Rodríguez , Norma Pérez , Ernesto Cortés , Ricardo A. Torres-Palma

Given the global issue of water scarcity, the recovery and treatment of wastewater, as landfill leachate (LL), are of utmost importance. The presence of colloids in LL scatters UV irradiation, limiting the effectiveness of the photo-Fenton process. However, using ultrasound (US) technology can degrade the organic matter in LL and produce H₂O₂ and sonoluminescence, which are crucial in the photo-Fenton process. With its focus on practical applications, this research aims to improve the quality of LL treatment, thereby addressing a significant and urgent environmental challenge. Also, this research aimed to identify the optimal operational parameters that improve the self-generated H₂O₂ and sonoluminescence due to the US and to evaluate the improvement of the quality of LL using the sono-photo-Fenton.

Actinometry was used to measure the sonoluminescence produced in this study. The highest amount of H2O₂ and sonoluminescence was formed at 864 kHz and a US power of 500 W, obtaining 2.63 mg/L of H₂O₂ and 6.89 × 10⁻⁵ J/s of sonoluminescence. The optimised conditions were used in the sono-photo-Fenton process runs towards the degradation of a simulated LL (SLL) to evaluate the effect of concentration of Fe⁺² and concentration of H₂O₂ on the depuration of SLL, obtaining a synergy index of 1.25.

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引用次数: 0

Continuous flow wastewater induced plasma microbubbles for the enhancement of mass transfer and degradation of dye pollutants in a bubble column reactor

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110245

Shuang Wang , Weicheng Pan , Haijiang Zhang , Hao Chen , Rong Chen

To enhance the mass transfer and organic pollutants oxidation in the plasma bubble column reactor (BCR), a Venturi tube was utilized to produce flowing wastewater containing plasma microbubbles by hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) effect. Meanwhile, the convection of wastewater was optimized through adjusting Reynolds number at the throat of the Venturi tube (Re_T: 5870 – 56,300). The variation of C_v and ΔP with the Re_T revealed the starting point of the HC at the Re_T of 24,600 (210 L·h^-1). The HC effect reduced the minimum plasma bubble size d to 100 μm and increased the gas holdup of plasma bubbles (11 %). Comparing the plasma bubbling mode without liquid flow, energy yield (EY) of plasma degradation (2333 mg·kWh^-1 at the removal of 90 %) and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k_la = 0.037 s^-1) was improved by 1.63 and 3.08 times, respectively. The dimensionless mass transfer correlation among Reynolds number Re (220 – 2113), Froude number Fr (0.0019 – 0.0075), initial concentration difference (c₀/c₅₀: 0.5 – 2.0), and Sherwood number Sh in the HC-BCR have been established. This study provides insights to optimize the convection of wastewater in the HC channel for the enhancement of plasma oxidation in the BCR.

{"title":"Continuous flow wastewater induced plasma microbubbles for the enhancement of mass transfer and degradation of dye pollutants in a bubble column reactor","authors":"Shuang Wang , Weicheng Pan , Haijiang Zhang , Hao Chen , Rong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the mass transfer and organic pollutants oxidation in the plasma bubble column reactor (BCR), a Venturi tube was utilized to produce flowing wastewater containing plasma microbubbles by hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) effect. Meanwhile, the convection of wastewater was optimized through adjusting Reynolds number at the throat of the Venturi tube (<em>Re<sub>T</sub></em>: 5870 – 56,300). The variation of <em>C<sub>v</sub></em> and ΔP with the <em>Re<sub>T</sub></em> revealed the starting point of the HC at the <em>Re<sub>T</sub></em> of 24,600 (210 L·h<sup>-1</sup>). The HC effect reduced the minimum plasma bubble size <em>d</em> to 100 μm and increased the gas holdup of plasma bubbles (11 %). Comparing the plasma bubbling mode without liquid flow, energy yield (<em>EY</em>) of plasma degradation (2333 mg·kWh<sup>-1</sup> at the removal of 90 %) and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (<em>k<sub>l</sub>a</em> = 0.037 s<sup>-1</sup>) was improved by 1.63 and 3.08 times, respectively. The dimensionless mass transfer correlation among Reynolds number <em>Re</em> (220 – 2113), Froude number <em>Fr</em> (0.0019 – 0.0075), initial concentration difference (<em>c</em><sub>0</sub>/<em>c</em><sub>50</sub>: 0.5 – 2.0), and Sherwood number <em>Sh</em> in the HC-BCR have been established. This study provides insights to optimize the convection of wastewater in the HC channel for the enhancement of plasma oxidation in the BCR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 110245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrasound-assisted natural deep eutectic solvents extraction of flavonoids from Hippophae rhamnoides: Optimization and kinetics studies

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110244

Chenlu Han , Ziwei Yang , Xiaoqiang Chen , Lin Yan , Ying Zhang

Flavonoids are important bioactive components in Hippophae rhamnoides. In this study, flavonoids were extracted from H. rhamnoides leaves with an ultrasonic-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent. The optimal conditions included a molar ratio of 1:3, a liquid–solid ratio of 40 mL/g, and an extraction time of 30 min, and the extraction yield was 18.70 % ± 0.25 %. A model of the kinetics was developed to describe the extraction of flavonoids using Fick's law as the basis, where the rate constant and diffusion coefficient increased with the temperature, highlighting the pronounced influence of the temperature on the extraction efficiency. Following simulated digestion, the bioaccessibility index showed that 78.21 % of the flavonoids could be absorbed by tissues. These results will be beneficial for achieving the efficient extraction of flavonoids and the full exploitation and utilization of sea buckthorn resources.

黄酮类化合物是鼠李中重要的生物活性成分。本研究采用超声波辅助天然深共晶溶剂萃取鼠李叶中的黄酮类化合物。最佳条件包括摩尔比为 1:3，液固比为 40 mL/g，萃取时间为 30 分钟，萃取率为 18.70 % ± 0.25 %。以菲克定律为基础，建立了黄酮类化合物萃取动力学模型，其中速率常数和扩散系数随温度升高而增大，凸显了温度对萃取效率的显著影响。模拟消化后，生物可及性指数显示，78.21%的黄酮类化合物可被组织吸收。这些结果将有助于实现黄酮类化合物的高效提取，充分开发和利用沙棘资源。

引用次数: 0

Efficient recovery of valuable metals from low-grade zinc residue by ultrasonic strengthening

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110240

Chun Wang , Hongying Xia , Yingjie Xu , Zhanqing Lu , Qifei Pei , Linqing Dai , Libo Zhang

As zinc ore resources continue to dwindle, the exploitation and utilization of secondary zinc-containing resources have garnered significant attention. This thesis presents an innovative methodology referred to as the ultrasound synergistic manganese dioxide oxidizing acid leaching process, specifically designed for treating complex acid leaching residues obtained from primary zinc oxide ore. ICP-OES analysis revealed that the zinc leaching residues contain 4.57 % zinc, 55.81 % oxygen, 13.51 % calcium, 11.33 % sulfur, 4.39 % iron, 3.23 % silicon, and 0.62 % lead. Optimal operational parameters were determined through a one-factor experimental design under ultrasonication, which included a manganese dioxide concentration of 11.11 g/L, an initial acidity of 160 g/L, a liquid-solid ratio of 7 mL/g, ultrasonic power set at 420W, and leaching conducted at a temperature of 85°C for a duration of 30 min, achieving a zinc leaching rate of 95.68 %. Characterization studies demonstrated that the synergistic effect of ultrasonic waves and manganese dioxide not only disintegrated the mineral surfaces, opened mineral inclusions and released encapsulated zinc but also accelerated the reaction, ultimately enhancing the leaching rate of zinc. Compared to existing methods, this ultrasonic-assisted oxidizing acid leaching process can improve zinc recovery by 10 % and cut the leaching time down to 30 min.

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引用次数: 0

Development of magnetite modified graphite electrode: Application in electro-Fenton process for degradation of antidiabetic drug metformin hycloridate

IF 3.8 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2025.110243

Ingrid Larissa da Silva Santana , Marina Gomes Silva , Gabriel Paiva Ourem , Vanessa de Oliveira Marques Cavalcanti , Ana Maria Mendonça de Albuquerque Melo , José Luís Ferreira Sá , Alex Leandro Andrade de Lucena , Daniella Carla Napoleão , Marta Maria Menezes Bezerra Duarte

Metformin hydrochloride (CMTF) is a widely used antidiabetic medication. However, the increase in its consumption combined with the fact that only 10 % of the drug is metabolized by the body, can promote contamination of the aquatic environment. Thus, the objective of the work was to develop a modified graphite electrode impregnated with magnetite, not yet reported in the literature, and apply it in the treatment of the drug CMTF via electro-Fenton. The higher degradation percentage obtained for the aqueous solution (AS) was 83.55 %. The developed electrode was applied in the treatment of synthetic effluent (SE) leading to 65.69 % degradation. Furthermore, the degradation of the drug, in both matrices, follows pseudo-first order kinetics and that at the end of the kinetic monitoring, 96 % and 66 % degradation was obtained for the AS and SE matrices, respectively. Furthermore, SE after treatment showed a reduction of 56.41 %, 39.04 % and 37.14 % for COD, BOD and TOC, respectively. Finally, it was verified that for the aqueous solution before and after treatment there was no toxicity. Thus, it can be stated that the treatment using the proposed electrode has the potential for drug degradation in different matrices.

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