Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110096
Yongshuai Li , Yan Gao , Gaoyang Li , Yi Zheng , Hui Pan , Hao Ling
Research on heat pump-assisted (HP) distillation columns, especially those applied to divided-wall column (DWC), is increasing due to their potential for energy savings in distillation processes. HP systems offer various configurations and multiple decision variables, which increase computational demands across different distillation systems. In this contribution, a heat pump superstructure (HPS) method is developed and proposed that includes five common HP configurations. Combined with an improved differential evolution algorithm, the optimal HP structure in multiple configurations for different optimization tasks is automatically computed. The advantage of HPS method is that it could be incorporated in distillation columns to systematically and simply find an optimum configuration for various separator systems and separation tasks. The HPS effectively achieves optimal design configurations for binary columns, three-component DWCs, and four-component KDWC separation systems under varying pricing standards.
{"title":"An effective procedure for optimized design of heat pump distillation process","authors":"Yongshuai Li , Yan Gao , Gaoyang Li , Yi Zheng , Hui Pan , Hao Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on heat pump-assisted (HP) distillation columns, especially those applied to divided-wall column (DWC), is increasing due to their potential for energy savings in distillation processes. HP systems offer various configurations and multiple decision variables, which increase computational demands across different distillation systems. In this contribution, a heat pump superstructure (HPS) method is developed and proposed that includes five common HP configurations. Combined with an improved differential evolution algorithm, the optimal HP structure in multiple configurations for different optimization tasks is automatically computed. The advantage of HPS method is that it could be incorporated in distillation columns to systematically and simply find an optimum configuration for various separator systems and separation tasks. The HPS effectively achieves optimal design configurations for binary columns, three-component DWCs, and four-component KDWC separation systems under varying pricing standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 110096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110146
Murielk Sebrian Valvassore, Caliane Bastos Borba Costa
Ethyl lactate is a biodegradable and non-toxic ester with market growth potential. It is used in different industries. In this work, aiming to reduce the production cost of this solvent, seeking to make it even more competitive in the market, an intensified process was proposed and evaluated with a reactive distillation column followed by extractive distillation for recovery and reuse of compounds present in the process. An optimization study was developed using Aspen Plus and MATLAB® in order to find a configuration with the minimum total annualized cost (TAC). An economically competitive structure was found. Based on this structure, simulation studies were developed by applying the vapor recompression technique in the extractive distillation column and keeping the reactive distillation column. In economic terms, an even more competitive structure, was found, with a reduction of around 48 % in the TAC compared to the results reported in the literature.
{"title":"Analysis of novel configurations of an intensified process for ethyl lactate production","authors":"Murielk Sebrian Valvassore, Caliane Bastos Borba Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ethyl lactate is a biodegradable and non-toxic ester with market growth potential. It is used in different industries. In this work, aiming to reduce the production cost of this solvent, seeking to make it even more competitive in the market, an intensified process was proposed and evaluated with a reactive distillation column followed by extractive distillation for recovery and reuse of compounds present in the process. An optimization study was developed using Aspen Plus and MATLAB® in order to find a configuration with the minimum total annualized cost (TAC). An economically competitive structure was found. Based on this structure, simulation studies were developed by applying the vapor recompression technique in the extractive distillation column and keeping the reactive distillation column. In economic terms, an even more competitive structure, was found, with a reduction of around 48 % in the TAC compared to the results reported in the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 110146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110133
Rajeev Awasthi, K. Ravi Kumar
In the present study, a comprehensive investigation of direct contact membrane distillation with and without localized heating using an effectiveness-number of transfer units (ε-NTU) approach is presented. In addition, the effect of various operating parameters on DCMD performance has been studied. It can be inferred from the analysis that feed solution temperature, membrane porosity, pore diameter and thickness of membrane are the prime influential parameters in determining DCMD performance in terms of distillate flux, gain output ratio (GOR), specific energy consumption (SEC) and overall efficiency. An 80 % increase in feed temperature has resulted increase in permeate flux from 3.1 kg/m2-h to 23.3 kg/m2-h in without localized heating case and from 15.8 kg/m2-h to 73.2 kg/m2-h with localized heating configuration. However, the inclusion of localized heating has increased the distillate flux 2.13 times at 90 °C feed temperature. Furthermore, by increasing the membrane porosity by 50 %, the distillate flux is enhanced from 3.1 kg/m2-h to 11.37 kg/m2-h and from 15.8 kg/m2-h to 57.64 kg/m2-h in the cases of no localized heating and with localized heating respectively. Additionally, the results of the mathematical model suggest a design and operating framework for optimum DCMD performance to minimize temperature and concentration polarization.
{"title":"Comparative performance assessment of direct contact membrane distillation with and without localized heating","authors":"Rajeev Awasthi, K. Ravi Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, a comprehensive investigation of direct contact membrane distillation with and without localized heating using an effectiveness-number of transfer units (ε-NTU) approach is presented. In addition, the effect of various operating parameters on DCMD performance has been studied. It can be inferred from the analysis that feed solution temperature, membrane porosity, pore diameter and thickness of membrane are the prime influential parameters in determining DCMD performance in terms of distillate flux, gain output ratio (GOR), specific energy consumption (SEC) and overall efficiency. An 80 % increase in feed temperature has resulted increase in permeate flux from 3.1 kg/m<sup>2</sup>-h to 23.3 kg/m<sup>2</sup>-h in without localized heating case and from 15.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup>-h to 73.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup>-h with localized heating configuration. However, the inclusion of localized heating has increased the distillate flux 2.13 times at 90 °C feed temperature. Furthermore, by increasing the membrane porosity by 50 %, the distillate flux is enhanced from 3.1 kg/m<sup>2</sup>-h to 11.37 kg/m<sup>2</sup>-h and from 15.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup>-h to 57.64 kg/m<sup>2</sup>-h in the cases of no localized heating and with localized heating respectively. Additionally, the results of the mathematical model suggest a design and operating framework for optimum DCMD performance to minimize temperature and concentration polarization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 110133"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In China, coal-fired power generation still dominates the electricity supply. However, the extensive use of coal has increased environmental and sustainable development issues. Therefore, a novel process of coal chemical looping combustion (CCLC) coupled supercritical CO2 (SCO2) Brayton cycle system is designed through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and process simulation in this paper. Firstly, the reaction kinetics of the CCLC process are investigated using MD simulation, obtaining the activation energy of the reactions of fuel reactor (FR) and air reactor (AR) as 57.58 kJ/mol and 34.26 kJ/mol, respectively. Subsequently, the proposed CCLC coupled Brayton cycle system is designed based on the results of MD simulation. Finally, the key parameters are analyzed based on the cycle efficiency to realize process optimization. The cycle efficiency of the novel process proposed can reach 80.19 %, which is of great significance in reducing CO2 emissions and improving energy conversion efficiency.
{"title":"Optimal design of CCLC coupled SCO2 Brayton cycle process based on molecular dynamics and steady-state simulation","authors":"Xiaomin Fan, Tianshu Wang, Zhe Li, Zhe Cui, Bin Liu, Wende Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In China, coal-fired power generation still dominates the electricity supply. However, the extensive use of coal has increased environmental and sustainable development issues. Therefore, a novel process of coal chemical looping combustion (CCLC) coupled supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (SCO<sub>2</sub>) Brayton cycle system is designed through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and process simulation in this paper. Firstly, the reaction kinetics of the CCLC process are investigated using MD simulation, obtaining the activation energy of the reactions of fuel reactor (FR) and air reactor (AR) as 57.58 kJ/mol and 34.26 kJ/mol, respectively. Subsequently, the proposed CCLC coupled Brayton cycle system is designed based on the results of MD simulation. Finally, the key parameters are analyzed based on the cycle efficiency to realize process optimization. The cycle efficiency of the novel process proposed can reach 80.19 %, which is of great significance in reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and improving energy conversion efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 110200"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143225420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110134
Mingxin Li, Wensheng Wang, Cong Xu
Conventional batch reactors are difficult to fabricate high-quality superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles at high throughput due to their high energy consumption and low mixing efficiency. We designed a four-stage oscillating feedback micromixer (FOFM) to achieve efficient mixing and mass transfer at high throughput. The FOFM can induce strong chaotic convection, resulting in a uniform concentration field and a narrow residence time distribution. High-quality superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized in the FOFM using a microemulsion method. Even at a high throughput of 155 mL/min (Qtotal), the synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles had an average particle size of 8.98 nm, a particle size distribution of 3–18 nm, and a saturation magnetization of 66 emu/g, and the productivity could reach 63.2 g/h which was three times higher than that of the conventional batch reactor. The FOFM has been proven to have great application potential in the synthesis of high-throughput and high-quality nanoparticles.
{"title":"High-Throughput Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles in Chaotic Convection Mode","authors":"Mingxin Li, Wensheng Wang, Cong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional batch reactors are difficult to fabricate high-quality superparamagnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles at high throughput due to their high energy consumption and low mixing efficiency. We designed a four-stage oscillating feedback micromixer (FOFM) to achieve efficient mixing and mass transfer at high throughput. The FOFM can induce strong chaotic convection, resulting in a uniform concentration field and a narrow residence time distribution. High-quality superparamagnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles were successfully synthesized in the FOFM using a microemulsion method. Even at a high throughput of 155 mL/min (<em>Q</em><sub>total</sub>), the synthesized Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles had an average particle size of 8.98 nm, a particle size distribution of 3–18 nm, and a saturation magnetization of 66 emu/g, and the productivity could reach 63.2 g/h which was three times higher than that of the conventional batch reactor. The FOFM has been proven to have great application potential in the synthesis of high-throughput and high-quality nanoparticles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 110134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110135
José Treviño-Reséndez , Mónica Razo-Negrete , Luis A. Godínez , Yunny Meas , Josué D. García-Espinoza
This study assessed a treatment train consisting of an electrocoagulation process (with aluminum electrodes), an activated sludge system, and an electrooxidation process using a SnO2-RuO2-IrO2|Ti anode to obtain an effluent suitable for reuse as make-up water in cooling systems. The integration of the electrochemical processes and the biological system reached the required quality limits, resulting in an effluent with chemical oxygen demand and dissolved organic carbon of 36 ± 7.8 mg L−1 and 10.2 ± 0.4 mg L−1, respectively, which complies with the 60 mg L−1 limit reported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 2012. In addition, the N-NH4 and total suspended solids parameters met the limits of 1 mg L−1 and 10 mg L−1, respectively, also established by this standard. Regarding dissolved salts that can promote scale formation, the treated water had a silica concentration, measured as SiO2, of 39.8 ± 4.5 mg L−1. The reduction in calcium and total hardness was only 15–20%. The evaluation of acute toxicity by the Microtox® method showed that the toxicity of the wastewater was reduced up to 2.25% and 0.23% at 5 and 15 min of exposure, respectively, after the treatment train. The impact of primary treatment by electrocoagulation on the secondary process was also observed, showing a more stable performance in the biodegradation of organic matter, nitrification, and acute toxicity. Integrating the electrocoagulation-activated sludge-electrooxidation processes, combined with an adequate softening treatment, is suggested as a potential alternative treatment train for oil refinery wastewater to produce a suitable effluent for reuse in cooling systems. This research represents a groundbreaking innovation, combining advanced physicochemical and biological processes to enhance complex pollutant removal, reduce chemical usage and environmental impact, and a more sustainable approach to meeting stringent environmental standards.
{"title":"Integrated system of electrocoagulation, activated sludge, and electrooxidation for the treatment of oil refinery wastewater","authors":"José Treviño-Reséndez , Mónica Razo-Negrete , Luis A. Godínez , Yunny Meas , Josué D. García-Espinoza","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assessed a treatment train consisting of an electrocoagulation process (with aluminum electrodes), an activated sludge system, and an electrooxidation process using a SnO<sub>2</sub>-RuO<sub>2</sub>-IrO<sub>2</sub>|Ti anode to obtain an effluent suitable for reuse as make-up water in cooling systems. The integration of the electrochemical processes and the biological system reached the required quality limits, resulting in an effluent with chemical oxygen demand and dissolved organic carbon of 36 ± 7.8 mg L<sup>−1</sup> and 10.2 ± 0.4 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, which complies with the 60 mg L<sup>−1</sup> limit reported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 2012. In addition, the N-NH<sub>4</sub> and total suspended solids parameters met the limits of 1 mg L<sup>−1</sup> and 10 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, also established by this standard. Regarding dissolved salts that can promote scale formation, the treated water had a silica concentration, measured as SiO<sub>2</sub>, of 39.8 ± 4.5 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. The reduction in calcium and total hardness was only 15–20%. The evaluation of acute toxicity by the Microtox® method showed that the toxicity of the wastewater was reduced up to 2.25% and 0.23% at 5 and 15 min of exposure, respectively, after the treatment train. The impact of primary treatment by electrocoagulation on the secondary process was also observed, showing a more stable performance in the biodegradation of organic matter, nitrification, and acute toxicity. Integrating the electrocoagulation-activated sludge-electrooxidation processes, combined with an adequate softening treatment, is suggested as a potential alternative treatment train for oil refinery wastewater to produce a suitable effluent for reuse in cooling systems. This research represents a groundbreaking innovation, combining advanced physicochemical and biological processes to enhance complex pollutant removal, reduce chemical usage and environmental impact, and a more sustainable approach to meeting stringent environmental standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 110135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110095
Bettina Muster-Slawitsch
The rise of complexity of secondary raw materials makes it essential to focus on the most targeted process driving forces in order to recover valuables from these resources. In this way the application of processing engineering technologies that follow the principles of process intensification are key in circular economy concepts. Oscillatory flow reactors for continuous slurry processing at high mass transfer rates, membrane contactors for (selective) separation of valuables and direct photochemical solar reactors where solar light is harvested and directly transported to photoactive sites with minimal diffusion limitations are examples of such key enabling technologies, that can help to realize targeted processes for valuable recovery under the framework of green chemistry and energy efficient processing.
{"title":"Process intensification for circular economy","authors":"Bettina Muster-Slawitsch","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of complexity of secondary raw materials makes it essential to focus on the most targeted process driving forces in order to recover valuables from these resources. In this way the application of processing engineering technologies that follow the principles of process intensification are key in circular economy concepts. Oscillatory flow reactors for continuous slurry processing at high mass transfer rates, membrane contactors for (selective) separation of valuables and direct photochemical solar reactors where solar light is harvested and directly transported to photoactive sites with minimal diffusion limitations are examples of such key enabling technologies, that can help to realize targeted processes for valuable recovery under the framework of green chemistry and energy efficient processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 110095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microfluidics plays a vital role in managing microscale chemical processes, particularly in reactions with rapid kinetics and exothermic conditions, where laminar flow can result in inefficient mixing. This study investigates the use of simple, cost-effective geometric modifications to improve micromixer performance. Using numerical simulations with a commercial CFD tool, we analyzed the impact of obstacles in an L-shaped micromixer (aspect ratio 10) and the effects of serpentine and zigzag bends in a T-shaped micromixer on water-water mixing. At Reynolds numbers ranging from 1 to 100, we found that the L-micromixer's mixing index slightly increased from 18.7% to 19.3% due to diffusion alone, but adding four specific obstacles enhanced mixing efficiency to 83.7%, demonstrating the significant effect of passive flow enhancement for micromixer with high aspect ratio. Additionally, the serpentine and zigzag micromixers with a turn angle of α = 120° were examined across four configurations, with 2, 4, and 8 pitches. The results demonstrated that increasing the number of pitches reduces the distance required to achieve 99% mixing efficiency. At a Reynolds number of 10, the 8-pitch serpentine micromixer reached near-complete mixing of 98.2 % at x=20 mm, while the 2-pitch micromixer required x=40 mm to reach 97.15%. The 8-pitch zigzag micromixer reached 99.3% at x=30 mm, while the 2-pitch micromixer required x=40 mm to reach a maximum of 81.9 %. The effect of the zigzag micromixer's turning angle, β, was also explored. Increasing β forces the flow through sharper bends, which enhances mixing efficiency, though at the cost of a higher pressure drop. These results also highlight a superior mixing performance of serpentine geometries, offering an effective, low-cost solution for improving microscale mixing in chemical processes.
{"title":"Enhanced micromixer designs for chemical applications – Numerical simulations and analysis","authors":"Houssein Ammar , Bassem El Zoghbi , Jalal Faraj , Mahmoud Khaled","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microfluidics plays a vital role in managing microscale chemical processes, particularly in reactions with rapid kinetics and exothermic conditions, where laminar flow can result in inefficient mixing. This study investigates the use of simple, cost-effective geometric modifications to improve micromixer performance. Using numerical simulations with a commercial CFD tool, we analyzed the impact of obstacles in an L-shaped micromixer (aspect ratio 10) and the effects of serpentine and zigzag bends in a T-shaped micromixer on water-water mixing. At Reynolds numbers ranging from 1 to 100, we found that the L-micromixer's mixing index slightly increased from 18.7% to 19.3% due to diffusion alone, but adding four specific obstacles enhanced mixing efficiency to 83.7%, demonstrating the significant effect of passive flow enhancement for micromixer with high aspect ratio. Additionally, the serpentine and zigzag micromixers with a turn angle of α = 120° were examined across four configurations, with 2, 4, and 8 pitches. The results demonstrated that increasing the number of pitches reduces the distance required to achieve 99% mixing efficiency. At a Reynolds number of 10, the 8-pitch serpentine micromixer reached near-complete mixing of 98.2 % at x=20 mm, while the 2-pitch micromixer required x=40 mm to reach 97.15%. The 8-pitch zigzag micromixer reached 99.3% at x=30 mm, while the 2-pitch micromixer required x=40 mm to reach a maximum of 81.9 %. The effect of the zigzag micromixer's turning angle, β, was also explored. Increasing β forces the flow through sharper bends, which enhances mixing efficiency, though at the cost of a higher pressure drop. These results also highlight a superior mixing performance of serpentine geometries, offering an effective, low-cost solution for improving microscale mixing in chemical processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 110098"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work pertains to intensification of the process of fenofibrate loading in MCM-41 mesoporous silica particles with respect to a reported process in the medium of organic solvent vapour. The intensification is attributed to the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) and premixing of fenofibrate with MCM-41. The superior transport properties of scCO2 enhance diffusion of fenofibrate to surface of MCM-41. The premixing reduces the external diffusional resistance to transport of fenofibrate to MCM-41. The internal diffusion of fenofibrate through the pores of carrier is enhanced due to high driving force for its transfer into the pores. The effects of fenofibrate to feed ratio, contact time, and depth of the mixed feed reveal faster and enhanced loading of fenofibrate as compared to conventional methods. A high loading of fenofibrate (44.7 wt%) was achieved in merely four hours of contact time. The fenofibrate loading by adsorption is enhanced by an additional loading (>20 wt%) due to precipitation during pressure release. The loaded fenofibrate is in amorphous form and stable even after storage for three-and-half months. The release kinetics confirm enhanced release of the loaded fenofibrate, and about 78 % of it released in 60 min.
{"title":"An improved process for enhancement of loading of fenofibrate using pre-mixed feed with mesoporous silica particles by supercritical carbon dioxide-assisted diffusion","authors":"Mayuresh More, Madhu Vinjamur, Mamata Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work pertains to intensification of the process of fenofibrate loading in MCM-41 mesoporous silica particles with respect to a reported process in the medium of organic solvent vapour. The intensification is attributed to the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO<sub>2</sub>) and premixing of fenofibrate with MCM-41. The superior transport properties of scCO<sub>2</sub> enhance diffusion of fenofibrate to surface of MCM-41. The premixing reduces the external diffusional resistance to transport of fenofibrate to MCM-41. The internal diffusion of fenofibrate through the pores of carrier is enhanced due to high driving force for its transfer into the pores. The effects of fenofibrate to feed ratio, contact time, and depth of the mixed feed reveal faster and enhanced loading of fenofibrate as compared to conventional methods. A high loading of fenofibrate (44.7 wt%) was achieved in merely four hours of contact time. The fenofibrate loading by adsorption is enhanced by an additional loading (>20 wt%) due to precipitation during pressure release. The loaded fenofibrate is in amorphous form and stable even after storage for three-and-half months. The release kinetics confirm enhanced release of the loaded fenofibrate, and about 78 % of it released in 60 min.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 110128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110125
Zhihui Wang , Qicheng Chen , Chenyu Wang , Yingjin Zhang , Dehao Kong
The integration of concentrated solar power (CSP) and calcium looping (CaL) systems serves to tackle the issue of instability in solar power generation. However, there is relatively insufficient research on the impact of the decline in sorbent activity on the performance of CSP-CaL systems. In this study, the exergy flow of the novel system integrated with the CSP-CaL and methane reforming (MR) subsystem over multiple cycles under mild and severe conditions are analyzed. The results show that using pure CaO under mild conditions results in the power generation efficiency dropping sharply from 37.32 % to 27.90 % over 19 cycles, and the exergy efficiency of the heat exchange network is consistently below 89.8 %. Compared to pure CaO, using CaO/Ca3Al2O6 sorbent decreases slightly the power generation efficiency from 37.49 % to 37.32 %, and improves the exergy efficiency of the heat exchange network by at least 0.5 %. Compared to mild conditions, severe conditions for CaO/Ca3Al2O6 sorbent slightly increase the H2 production efficiency and the exergy efficiency of the heat exchange network in the first 15 cycles, but reduce the power generation efficiency by >3.4 %. Nevertheless, the stability of the system is higher than that of the system using pure CaO under mild conditions.
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