Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110034
Yuekan Zhang, Wei Hu, Qingyun Zhang, Shuo Han
Hydrocyclone separation exploits centrifugal force to differentiate particles based on their sizes and densities, yet challenges arise when small, dense particles and large, low-density ones settle at similar velocities. To address this, we propose a two-stage combined hydrocyclone for accurate separation. Using numerical simulations, we examine the internal flow field and performance of this system. Our findings reveal that the primary hydrocyclone achieves size-dependent classification, while the secondary one achieves density-dependent sorting. Increasing inlet velocity enhances separation efficiency and accuracy by improving flow field dynamics, albeit at the cost of increased energy consumption and material residence time. Thus, optimizing inlet velocity is vital for maximizing the separation performance and operational efficacy of the combined hydrocyclones.
{"title":"Influence of inlet velocity on the separation performance of a combined hydrocyclone","authors":"Yuekan Zhang, Wei Hu, Qingyun Zhang, Shuo Han","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrocyclone separation exploits centrifugal force to differentiate particles based on their sizes and densities, yet challenges arise when small, dense particles and large, low-density ones settle at similar velocities. To address this, we propose a two-stage combined hydrocyclone for accurate separation. Using numerical simulations, we examine the internal flow field and performance of this system. Our findings reveal that the primary hydrocyclone achieves size-dependent classification, while the secondary one achieves density-dependent sorting. Increasing inlet velocity enhances separation efficiency and accuracy by improving flow field dynamics, albeit at the cost of increased energy consumption and material residence time. Thus, optimizing inlet velocity is vital for maximizing the separation performance and operational efficacy of the combined hydrocyclones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110035
Alperen Alpural, Buse Dincoglu, Esra Imamoglu
The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) methods for extracting lipids from the green microalga Chlorococcum novae-angliae. This study specifically focused on the fatty acid profiles of the extracted lipids, using ethanol as the solvent and wet biomass as the starting material. Ultrasound-assisted extraction yielded a maximum of 0.026 ± 0.001 g lipid/g wet biomass at a biomass ratio of 1:25 for 2 min with a 1-second cycle at 180 W and 20 kHz, which was 21% higher than that of microwave-assisted extraction conducted at a ratio of 1:30 for 2 min at 300 W and 35 °C. Ultrasound-assisted extraction enhanced saturated fatty acids (SFAs), which were 1.5 times higher than to microwave-assisted extraction, while microwave-assisted extraction significantly increased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by 4.4 times. The findings suggest that ultrasound-assisted extraction is more suitable for applications requiring high SFA content, such as in the fuel industry, whereas microwave-assisted extraction is preferable for sectors focused on fatty acid quality, such as food and health. This comparative analysis contributes to the literature by highlighting the impact of extraction methods on fatty acid profiles and supports sustainable development goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 12, by promoting environmentally friendly extraction techniques.
{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted extraction vs. microwave-assisted extraction for sustainable development goals: Selecting the ideal lipid extraction and fatty acid profile","authors":"Alperen Alpural, Buse Dincoglu, Esra Imamoglu","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) methods for extracting lipids from the green microalga <em>Chlorococcum novae-angliae</em>. This study specifically focused on the fatty acid profiles of the extracted lipids, using ethanol as the solvent and wet biomass as the starting material. Ultrasound-assisted extraction yielded a maximum of 0.026 ± 0.001 g lipid/g wet biomass at a biomass ratio of 1:25 for 2 min with a 1-second cycle at 180 W and 20 kHz, which was 21% higher than that of microwave-assisted extraction conducted at a ratio of 1:30 for 2 min at 300 W and 35 °C. Ultrasound-assisted extraction enhanced saturated fatty acids (SFAs), which were 1.5 times higher than to microwave-assisted extraction, while microwave-assisted extraction significantly increased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by 4.4 times. The findings suggest that ultrasound-assisted extraction is more suitable for applications requiring high SFA content, such as in the fuel industry, whereas microwave-assisted extraction is preferable for sectors focused on fatty acid quality, such as food and health. This comparative analysis contributes to the literature by highlighting the impact of extraction methods on fatty acid profiles and supports sustainable development goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 12, by promoting environmentally friendly extraction techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110035"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110030
Nathalie Di Miceli Raimondi
Carrying out exothermic reactions requires efficient heat removal to operate safely and limit the formation of by-products. It is for this purpose that continuous intensified heat exchanger reactors have been developed. The article presents an experimental method based on planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) that has been implemented to measure temperature fields in zigzag millimetric channels. These channels are used in high-performance heat exchangers reactors designed by LGC and partners. The accuracy of the method is evaluated by comparison with CFD results and shows good agreement between the experimental and numerical data in both laminar and turbulent flow regime.
{"title":"Recent progresses in intensified heat exchanger reactors with millimetric zigzag channels","authors":"Nathalie Di Miceli Raimondi","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carrying out exothermic reactions requires efficient heat removal to operate safely and limit the formation of by-products. It is for this purpose that continuous intensified heat exchanger reactors have been developed. The article presents an experimental method based on planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) that has been implemented to measure temperature fields in zigzag millimetric channels. These channels are used in high-performance heat exchangers reactors designed by LGC and partners. The accuracy of the method is evaluated by comparison with CFD results and shows good agreement between the experimental and numerical data in both laminar and turbulent flow regime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110030"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110033
Qingzhao Liu , Xubin Zhang , Xiaohong Xiong , Fumin Wang , Guobing Li , Shuai Liu , Qi Shen , Zhiwei Zhang , Yang Qin , Bingxin Zhu , Zheng Wang
Stirred reactors are widely used in various industries, and the stirring paddle structure has a significant effect on its power consumption. Therefore, in this study, different spiral stirring paddles were investigated. The effects of the ratio of paddle length to leads (Ls/S) design values and number of blades on the power characteristics and internal flow field of the reactor are discussed in detail, and the correlation equation of power number (Np) concerning Re and Ls/S values is fitted. It was found that the Np of stirring paddles increased and then decreased as the Ls/S value increased, and the effect of the number of blades on the Np gradually reduced. When the Ls/S value is equal to 0.6, the high-speed region of the flow field is the largest and the mixing effect is the best. The conclusions obtained can provide a reference for the energy-saving optimal design of spiral stirring paddles.
{"title":"CFD simulation of power characteristics and flow field distribution of different spiral stirring paddles","authors":"Qingzhao Liu , Xubin Zhang , Xiaohong Xiong , Fumin Wang , Guobing Li , Shuai Liu , Qi Shen , Zhiwei Zhang , Yang Qin , Bingxin Zhu , Zheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stirred reactors are widely used in various industries, and the stirring paddle structure has a significant effect on its power consumption. Therefore, in this study, different spiral stirring paddles were investigated. The effects of the ratio of paddle length to leads (<em>Ls</em>/<em>S</em>) design values and number of blades on the power characteristics and internal flow field of the reactor are discussed in detail, and the correlation equation of power number (<em>Np</em>) concerning <em>Re</em> and <em>Ls</em>/<em>S</em> values is fitted. It was found that the <em>Np</em> of stirring paddles increased and then decreased as the <em>Ls</em>/<em>S</em> value increased, and the effect of the number of blades on the <em>Np</em> gradually reduced. When the <em>Ls</em>/<em>S</em> value is equal to 0.6, the high-speed region of the flow field is the largest and the mixing effect is the best. The conclusions obtained can provide a reference for the energy-saving optimal design of spiral stirring paddles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110033"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110032
Kaixin Zheng , Xiaokang Yan , Lijun Wang , Haijun Zhang
The separation of fine mineral particles has always been challenging in flotation. Previous studies generally believed that intensifying fine particle flotation necessarily involves higher energy expenditure. To explore the more effective intensification, this study measured the flotation performance of diaspore particles smaller than 20 µm in a mineralization pipe. The energy input was regulated by varying the slurry flow rate in the mineralization pipe and incorporating wedge-shaped vortex generator (VG) with different pinch angles. The results of flotation tests indicated that introduction of VG can achieve superior flotation performance with reduced energy input. A flotation rate of 0.86/min was obtained in the mineralization pipe with VG and a pinch angle of 60° (VGP-60) at an energy input of 27.29 W, much higher than that of 0.53 /min in empty pipe at 37.59 W. The more effective intensification is attributed to the high turbulent dissipation rate (ε) induced by VG. The volume-averaged ε in VGP-60 is 31.8 m2/s3 at an energy input of 27.29 W, exceeding that in empty pipe at 37.59 W. The increased ε enhances the collision rate between particles and bubbles, thus causing the flotation rate to grow as a power function with exponent of 0.5.
{"title":"Intensification of fine particle flotation with less energy input using vortex generators","authors":"Kaixin Zheng , Xiaokang Yan , Lijun Wang , Haijun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The separation of fine mineral particles has always been challenging in flotation. Previous studies generally believed that intensifying fine particle flotation necessarily involves higher energy expenditure. To explore the more effective intensification, this study measured the flotation performance of diaspore particles smaller than 20 µm in a mineralization pipe. The energy input was regulated by varying the slurry flow rate in the mineralization pipe and incorporating wedge-shaped vortex generator (VG) with different pinch angles. The results of flotation tests indicated that introduction of VG can achieve superior flotation performance with reduced energy input. A flotation rate of 0.86/min was obtained in the mineralization pipe with VG and a pinch angle of 60° (VGP-60) at an energy input of 27.29 W, much higher than that of 0.53 /min in empty pipe at 37.59 W. The more effective intensification is attributed to the high turbulent dissipation rate (<em>ε</em>) induced by VG. The volume-averaged <em>ε</em> in VGP-60 is 31.8 m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>3</sup> at an energy input of 27.29 W, exceeding that in empty pipe at 37.59 W. The increased <em>ε</em> enhances the collision rate between particles and bubbles, thus causing the flotation rate to grow as a power function with exponent of 0.5.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110032"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110029
Yi Wai Chiang
Process intensification (PI) traditionally refers to technologies and strategies that are applied in chemical and process engineering domains. It goes above and beyond process optimization through innovatively and strategically reimagining reactor systems to achieve higher efficiency, reduced energy consumption, improved operational safety, and minimized environmental impact. In the perspective, we discuss the potential of how the concepts of PI can be adopted and adapted in the management of soils and crops and in combating climate change to enhance the efficiency, safety, and sustainability of agricultural systems.
传统上，过程强化（PI）是指应用于化学和过程工程领域的技术和策略。它超越了工艺优化的范畴，通过对反应器系统进行创新性和战略性的重新构想，实现更高的效率、更低的能耗、更高的操作安全性以及对环境影响的最小化。在这一视角中，我们讨论了如何在土壤和作物管理以及应对气候变化中采用和调整 PI 概念，以提高农业系统的效率、安全性和可持续性。
{"title":"Process intensification technologies to enhance agricultural sustainability and safety","authors":"Yi Wai Chiang","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Process intensification (PI) traditionally refers to technologies and strategies that are applied in chemical and process engineering domains. It goes above and beyond process optimization through innovatively and strategically reimagining reactor systems to achieve higher efficiency, reduced energy consumption, improved operational safety, and minimized environmental impact. In the perspective, we discuss the potential of how the concepts of PI can be adopted and adapted in the management of soils and crops and in combating climate change to enhance the efficiency, safety, and sustainability of agricultural systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110029"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110021
Mohammad Ehsan Azghandi, Hadi Mehdipour, Ali M. Sahlodin
Ternary distillation conventionally requires two sequential columns. In a process intensification technique, the second column is eliminated by operating the first column in a cyclic manner, where the intermediate component is withdrawn periodically from a side stream. This process, called semicontinuous distillation (SCD) without a middle vessel, can lower the separation costs significantly. However, it exhibits controllability challenges due to the periodic recycling of the side stream. In this work, the process controllability is improved by adding a surge tank in the side stream recycle path. The modification increases significantly the process robustness without changing the operation recipe. Also, the modified SCD can lower maintenance costs as the manipulated variables experience milder oscillations. Moreover, it is shown to have a faster startup than the original design, yielding about 13 % energy saving per feed processed and processing about 25 % more feed during the startup compared with the original design. The case studies show the surge tank volume should be chosen based on the trade-off between attenuation of undesired disturbances and slow-down of desired control actions. Also presented in this article is detailed hybrid discrete-continuous dynamic modeling of the SCD and how the resulting model is implemented in the open-source software OpenModelica.
{"title":"Dynamic modeling and modification of ternary semicontinuous distillation without a middle vessel for improved controllability and energy performance","authors":"Mohammad Ehsan Azghandi, Hadi Mehdipour, Ali M. Sahlodin","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ternary distillation conventionally requires two sequential columns. In a process intensification technique, the second column is eliminated by operating the first column in a cyclic manner, where the intermediate component is withdrawn periodically from a side stream. This process, called semicontinuous distillation (SCD) without a middle vessel, can lower the separation costs significantly. However, it exhibits controllability challenges due to the periodic recycling of the side stream. In this work, the process controllability is improved by adding a surge tank in the side stream recycle path. The modification increases significantly the process robustness without changing the operation recipe. Also, the modified SCD can lower maintenance costs as the manipulated variables experience milder oscillations. Moreover, it is shown to have a faster startup than the original design, yielding about 13 % energy saving per feed processed and processing about 25 % more feed during the startup compared with the original design. The case studies show the surge tank volume should be chosen based on the trade-off between attenuation of undesired disturbances and slow-down of desired control actions. Also presented in this article is detailed hybrid discrete-continuous dynamic modeling of the SCD and how the resulting model is implemented in the open-source software OpenModelica.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110021"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enhancing the performance of heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (HCO) for contaminant removal using biochar that is both cost-effective and stable is of great significance. In this research, a novel nitrogen-doped biochar (HSBC) was synthesized through the co-pyrolysis of sludge and water hyacinth. The presence of pyrrolic N, pyridinic N and graphitic N in HSBC as well as the high-temperature co-pyrolysis process, conferred a high degree of graphitization to the biochar. The graphitic N species facilitated the generation of free radicals, while the graphitic structure enhanced electron transfer between the catalyst and tetracycline (TC). HSBC demonstrated exceptional efficiency in TC removal via HCO, achieving a 93% removal rate within just 130 min. Moreover, the biodegradability of actual printing and dyeing wastewater with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of (9900 mg/L) was increased sevenfold after HCO treatment. This study offers new perspectives on the preparation of N-doped biochar and its practical application in the treatment of industrial wastewater through HCO processes.
利用既经济又稳定的生物炭提高异相催化臭氧（HCO）去除污染物的性能具有重要意义。本研究通过对污泥和布袋莲进行共热解，合成了一种新型掺氮生物炭（HSBC）。HSBC 中含有吡咯烷酮氮、吡啶酮氮和石墨氮，加上高温共热解过程，使生物炭高度石墨化。石墨化 N 物种促进了自由基的生成，而石墨结构则增强了催化剂与四环素（TC）之间的电子转移。HSBC 通过 HCO 去除四环素的效率极高，在短短 130 分钟内就达到了 93% 的去除率。此外，经过 HCO 处理后，化学需氧量（COD）为 9900 mg/L 的实际印染废水的生物降解能力提高了七倍。这项研究为掺杂 N 的生物炭的制备及其在通过 HCO 工艺处理工业废水中的实际应用提供了新的视角。
{"title":"High performance of heterogeneous catalytic ozonation for tetracycline removal by a N-doped biochar derived from co-pyrolysis of sludge and water hyacinth","authors":"Huanxin Zhao , Mingyi Lv , Xiaoyuan Shang , Yuqi Liu , Huixin Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the performance of heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (HCO) for contaminant removal using biochar that is both cost-effective and stable is of great significance. In this research, a novel nitrogen-doped biochar (HSBC) was synthesized through the co-pyrolysis of sludge and water hyacinth. The presence of pyrrolic N, pyridinic N and graphitic N in HSBC as well as the high-temperature co-pyrolysis process, conferred a high degree of graphitization to the biochar. The graphitic N species facilitated the generation of free radicals, while the graphitic structure enhanced electron transfer between the catalyst and tetracycline (TC). HSBC demonstrated exceptional efficiency in TC removal via HCO, achieving a 93% removal rate within just 130 min. Moreover, the biodegradability of actual printing and dyeing wastewater with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of (9900 mg/L) was increased sevenfold after HCO treatment. This study offers new perspectives on the preparation of N-doped biochar and its practical application in the treatment of industrial wastewater through HCO processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110031"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110028
Jonas Miguel Priebe , Evandro L. Dall'Oglio , Leonardo Gomes de Vasconcelos , Paulo T. de Sousa Jr. , Andressa Alves Ramos , Emily Cristina O. da Silva , Carlos Alberto Kuhnen
The ultrasound-assisted (US) interesterification of babassu oil with methyl, ethyl and butyl acetates was carried out via acid catalysis for biodiesel production with triacetin as an additive and therefore filling the gap in the field of US induced interesterification reactions. The scanning for the best catalyst was performed using sulfuric, methanesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, phosphoric and acetic acids. In order to achieve optimal conditions reactions varied in terms of reactant molar ratio, type and concentration of catalyst, temperature (20 to 50 °C) and ultrasonic energy (120 to 320 W). Using ethyl acetate, reactions were carried out at various molar ratios of oil to acetate (1:12 to 1:72) using sulfuric acid (0.5 % w/wT). The 1:60 experiments were carried out with sulfuric acid concentrations ranging from 0.5 % to 3 % (w/wT). The best catalytic activity was sought using the acids at a concentration of 2.5 %, with 200 W and 1:60. The best catalytic activities were achieved with H2SO4 followed by CH3SO3H and CH3C6H4SO3H and the reactivity follows the ethyl→methyl→butyl trend. The best results were achieved using ethyl acetate with H2SO4 yielding 95.4 % biodiesel plus triacetin with a content of 17.6 % of triacetin in 180 min, which represents an intensification of 25.4 % compared to conventional heating.
{"title":"Ultrasound assisted interesterification of babassu oil with acetates using acid catalysts for biodiesel and triacetin production","authors":"Jonas Miguel Priebe , Evandro L. Dall'Oglio , Leonardo Gomes de Vasconcelos , Paulo T. de Sousa Jr. , Andressa Alves Ramos , Emily Cristina O. da Silva , Carlos Alberto Kuhnen","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ultrasound-assisted (US) interesterification of babassu oil with methyl, ethyl and butyl acetates was carried out via acid catalysis for biodiesel production with triacetin as an additive and therefore filling the gap in the field of US induced interesterification reactions. The scanning for the best catalyst was performed using sulfuric, methanesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, phosphoric and acetic acids. In order to achieve optimal conditions reactions varied in terms of reactant molar ratio, type and concentration of catalyst, temperature (20 to 50 °C) and ultrasonic energy (120 to 320 W). Using ethyl acetate, reactions were carried out at various molar ratios of oil to acetate (1:12 to 1:72) using sulfuric acid (0.5 % w/w<sub>T</sub>). The 1:60 experiments were carried out with sulfuric acid concentrations ranging from 0.5 % to 3 % (w/w<sub>T</sub>). The best catalytic activity was sought using the acids at a concentration of 2.5 %, with 200 W and 1:60. The best catalytic activities were achieved with H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> followed by CH<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>H and CH<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>H and the reactivity follows the ethyl→methyl→butyl trend. The best results were achieved using ethyl acetate with H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> yielding 95.4 % biodiesel plus triacetin with a content of 17.6 % of triacetin in 180 min, which represents an intensification of 25.4 % compared to conventional heating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110028"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2024.110023
Wenkai Yang , Xiuhui Huang , Yi Jin , Zeqiu Li , Ying Tian
To address the downstream processing challenges of the IBE (isopropanol-butanol-ethanol) system and obtain biobutanol products with a mass fraction of 0.9999, as well as obtain a mass fraction of 0.99975 for the IE (isopropanol-Ethanol) mixture product as a gasoline additive, this study proposes a four-column distillation process termed "Dehydration-Butanol-Extractive Four Column Distillation" (DBE-4CD). With the heat load as the optimization target, the DBE-4CD process was optimized to determine the optimal operating parameters. Based on the optimized process and considering the energy-saving potential of the dividing wall column, an “Azeotropic Dividing Wall-Extractive Three Column Distillation” (ADE-3CD) process was subsequently proposed to further enhance energy efficiency and reduce consumption. Compared to both conventional literature process and the DBE-4CD process, the total load of the ADE-3CD process decreased to 7433.5 kW, representing reductions of 20.35% and 10.11%, respectively. Additionally, the mass recovery rates of butanol and the IE mixture reached 99.90% and 99.64%, respectively, exceeding those of the conventional literature process, which were 99.11% and 99.18%.
{"title":"Energy-efficient optimization design of bio-butanol fermentation broth purification process","authors":"Wenkai Yang , Xiuhui Huang , Yi Jin , Zeqiu Li , Ying Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cep.2024.110023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the downstream processing challenges of the IBE (isopropanol-butanol-ethanol) system and obtain biobutanol products with a mass fraction of 0.9999, as well as obtain a mass fraction of 0.99975 for the IE (isopropanol-Ethanol) mixture product as a gasoline additive, this study proposes a four-column distillation process termed \"Dehydration-Butanol-Extractive Four Column Distillation\" (DBE-4CD). With the heat load as the optimization target, the DBE-4CD process was optimized to determine the optimal operating parameters. Based on the optimized process and considering the energy-saving potential of the dividing wall column, an “Azeotropic Dividing Wall-Extractive Three Column Distillation” (ADE-3CD) process was subsequently proposed to further enhance energy efficiency and reduce consumption. Compared to both conventional literature process and the DBE-4CD process, the total load of the ADE-3CD process decreased to 7433.5 kW, representing reductions of 20.35% and 10.11%, respectively. Additionally, the mass recovery rates of butanol and the IE mixture reached 99.90% and 99.64%, respectively, exceeding those of the conventional literature process, which were 99.11% and 99.18%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 110023"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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