A fundamental step in the education and scientific research processes is the final-year project for undergraduate students. In chemical engineering departments, the final year project has unique properties since it deals with the design and production of specific materials or chemicals. It represents a whole plant design. In the present work, a layout and tips are proposed for a typical final-year chemical engineering graduation project. Six chapters are suggested. Each chapter is given a main theme and subtitles in order to facilitate the writing process of the project. Chapter one represents an introduction to the importance of the material that was produced, material properties, production process, etc. In chapter two, material and energy balance calculations are addressed. Chapter three handled the equipment design. Cost and environmental assessments are discussed in Chapter four. The results of chapters two and three are compared with software outcomes, which can be collected in chapter five. Finally, the main results, conclusion, and recommendations for future work are proposed to be in Chapter six. Furthermore, tips and advice are addressed to assist students in the writing of a typical graduation project.
{"title":"Layouts and tips for a typical final-year chemical engineering graduation project","authors":"A. Khadom","doi":"10.1515/cppm-2024-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2024-0046","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A fundamental step in the education and scientific research processes is the final-year project for undergraduate students. In chemical engineering departments, the final year project has unique properties since it deals with the design and production of specific materials or chemicals. It represents a whole plant design. In the present work, a layout and tips are proposed for a typical final-year chemical engineering graduation project. Six chapters are suggested. Each chapter is given a main theme and subtitles in order to facilitate the writing process of the project. Chapter one represents an introduction to the importance of the material that was produced, material properties, production process, etc. In chapter two, material and energy balance calculations are addressed. Chapter three handled the equipment design. Cost and environmental assessments are discussed in Chapter four. The results of chapters two and three are compared with software outcomes, which can be collected in chapter five. Finally, the main results, conclusion, and recommendations for future work are proposed to be in Chapter six. Furthermore, tips and advice are addressed to assist students in the writing of a typical graduation project.","PeriodicalId":9935,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Product and Process Modeling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biomass gasification technology is increasingly employed as an environmentally friendly energy source, primarily due to its minimal impact on the environment and its ability to mitigate pollution. This technology excels in producing gas with exceptionally high hydrogen content, making it a valuable source for both fuel and energy carriers. Hydrogen (H2), renowned for its stability and lack of detrimental environmental effects, holds great significance in various applications related to energy utilization and sustainability. In the current work, wood sawdust was utilized as the biomass feedstock for syngas production. The research focused on examining the impact of introducing carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) gases into the Gibbs reactors. The steam gasification process was modeled by the ASPEN Plus software, allowing for comprehensive analysis and simulation of the gasification reactions. According to the obtained results, the modeling performed in this study demonstrates good predictive capability when compared to the experimental data. It was shown that when the ratio of CO2 to biomass (C/B) increases, the MFR (mass flow rates) of H2 as well as CH4 decrease, whereas the flow rates of CO2 and carbon monoxide (CO) increase. These findings indicate the influence of the C/B ratio on the distribution of different gases within the gasification process. The reduction in MFR of hydrogen when transitioning from C/B = 0 to C/B = 1 in modes a and b is quantified as 17.51 % and 16.39 %, respectively. These percentages represent the magnitude of the decrease in hydrogen MFR for each specific mode when comparing two carbon dioxide to biomass ratios. When the CH4 to biomass (M/B) ratio increases, the mass flow rates of H2 exhibit a consistent upward trend, while the MFR of CO2 displays a descending form. Specifically, when in the Gibbs reactor, M/B rises from 0 to 1 for modes a and b, the mass flow rates of H2 experience significant increases of 265 % and 243 %, respectively. These findings underscore the direct relationship between the M/B ratio and hydrogen production, highlighting the potential for enhanced hydrogen yields with higher M/B ratios in the studied modes.
{"title":"A parametric study on syngas production by adding CO2 and CH4 on steam gasification of biomass system using ASPEN Plus","authors":"Bingxin Chen","doi":"10.1515/cppm-2023-0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2023-0100","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Biomass gasification technology is increasingly employed as an environmentally friendly energy source, primarily due to its minimal impact on the environment and its ability to mitigate pollution. This technology excels in producing gas with exceptionally high hydrogen content, making it a valuable source for both fuel and energy carriers. Hydrogen (H2), renowned for its stability and lack of detrimental environmental effects, holds great significance in various applications related to energy utilization and sustainability. In the current work, wood sawdust was utilized as the biomass feedstock for syngas production. The research focused on examining the impact of introducing carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) gases into the Gibbs reactors. The steam gasification process was modeled by the ASPEN Plus software, allowing for comprehensive analysis and simulation of the gasification reactions. According to the obtained results, the modeling performed in this study demonstrates good predictive capability when compared to the experimental data. It was shown that when the ratio of CO2 to biomass (C/B) increases, the MFR (mass flow rates) of H2 as well as CH4 decrease, whereas the flow rates of CO2 and carbon monoxide (CO) increase. These findings indicate the influence of the C/B ratio on the distribution of different gases within the gasification process. The reduction in MFR of hydrogen when transitioning from C/B = 0 to C/B = 1 in modes a and b is quantified as 17.51 % and 16.39 %, respectively. These percentages represent the magnitude of the decrease in hydrogen MFR for each specific mode when comparing two carbon dioxide to biomass ratios. When the CH4 to biomass (M/B) ratio increases, the mass flow rates of H2 exhibit a consistent upward trend, while the MFR of CO2 displays a descending form. Specifically, when in the Gibbs reactor, M/B rises from 0 to 1 for modes a and b, the mass flow rates of H2 experience significant increases of 265 % and 243 %, respectively. These findings underscore the direct relationship between the M/B ratio and hydrogen production, highlighting the potential for enhanced hydrogen yields with higher M/B ratios in the studied modes.","PeriodicalId":9935,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Product and Process Modeling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Originally, the Arrhenius parameters were used to estimate the rate of chemical reactions. This article aims to develop the optimal temperature to inhibit specific zero-order kinetic reactions. The model extends the use of the Arrhenius equation and heat capacity modeling to derive the optimal temperature solution. Specifically, the Arrhenius equation, which connects temperature to reaction rates, and the heat equation are formulated to create a comprehensive heat accumulation model. Analytical modeling is utilized through a derivative process to provide optimization. According to a case study of carotene oxidation, the derivative solution proposes −1.73 °C and can extend the reaction time by 206,160.29 days compared to a solution with no temperature change. The derivative solution also offers higher advantages in practical application than setting the lowest temperature limit due to the high initial energy requirement. The temperature derivative solution exhibits a global optimum property because of its high heat accumulation and slower kinetic reactions. These slower kinetic reactions can prevent reactant substances from deteriorating, making them valuable for maintaining a chemical’s shelf life. The temperature solutions offer valuable insights for devising an effective temperature strategy to inhibit specific chemical processes and verifying the relationship between temperature and heat accumulation with curvature.
{"title":"Temperature optimization model to inhibit zero-order kinetic reactions","authors":"Januardi Januardi, Aditya Sukma Nugraha","doi":"10.1515/cppm-2023-0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2023-0101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Originally, the Arrhenius parameters were used to estimate the rate of chemical reactions. This article aims to develop the optimal temperature to inhibit specific zero-order kinetic reactions. The model extends the use of the Arrhenius equation and heat capacity modeling to derive the optimal temperature solution. Specifically, the Arrhenius equation, which connects temperature to reaction rates, and the heat equation are formulated to create a comprehensive heat accumulation model. Analytical modeling is utilized through a derivative process to provide optimization. According to a case study of carotene oxidation, the derivative solution proposes −1.73 °C and can extend the reaction time by 206,160.29 days compared to a solution with no temperature change. The derivative solution also offers higher advantages in practical application than setting the lowest temperature limit due to the high initial energy requirement. The temperature derivative solution exhibits a global optimum property because of its high heat accumulation and slower kinetic reactions. These slower kinetic reactions can prevent reactant substances from deteriorating, making them valuable for maintaining a chemical’s shelf life. The temperature solutions offer valuable insights for devising an effective temperature strategy to inhibit specific chemical processes and verifying the relationship between temperature and heat accumulation with curvature.","PeriodicalId":9935,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Product and Process Modeling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In recent times, steam ejectors have garnered significant interest among researchers due to their environmental friendliness and the utilization of low-grade energy sources. However, a key drawback of the ejector refrigeration cycle (ERC) is its relatively low coefficient of performance (COP). Understanding the behavior of ejectors under various operating conditions is crucial for addressing this concern. This study specifically focuses on investigating the flow characteristics of ejectors in the single-choking mode. Both dry steam model (DSM) and wet steam model (WSM) are employed to analyze and evaluate the performance in this study. Based on the findings, it is evident that the discharge pressure (DP) significantly influences the flow characteristics. With increasing DP, there is a decrease in the Mach number and liquid mass fraction (LMF) within the ejector, while the temperature distribution shows an upward trend. Additionally, as the DP increases, there is a notable decline in the entrainment ratio (ER) and production entropy. With an increase in the DP, both the DSM and WSM exhibit similar trends. However, in the DSM, the ER reaches zero at an earlier stage compared to the WSM. Specifically, when the DP rises from 5000 Pa to 5600 Pa, there is a 12.6 % increase in the production entropy in the WSM, while the DSM experiences a slightly higher increase of 12.9 %.
{"title":"Numerical investigation of discharge pressure effect on steam ejector performance in renewable refrigeration cycle by considering wet steam model and dry gas model","authors":"Yongman Lin, Zaijin Xie, Weihua Guan, Lili Gan","doi":"10.1515/cppm-2023-0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2023-0092","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent times, steam ejectors have garnered significant interest among researchers due to their environmental friendliness and the utilization of low-grade energy sources. However, a key drawback of the ejector refrigeration cycle (ERC) is its relatively low coefficient of performance (COP). Understanding the behavior of ejectors under various operating conditions is crucial for addressing this concern. This study specifically focuses on investigating the flow characteristics of ejectors in the single-choking mode. Both dry steam model (DSM) and wet steam model (WSM) are employed to analyze and evaluate the performance in this study. Based on the findings, it is evident that the discharge pressure (DP) significantly influences the flow characteristics. With increasing DP, there is a decrease in the Mach number and liquid mass fraction (LMF) within the ejector, while the temperature distribution shows an upward trend. Additionally, as the DP increases, there is a notable decline in the entrainment ratio (ER) and production entropy. With an increase in the DP, both the DSM and WSM exhibit similar trends. However, in the DSM, the ER reaches zero at an earlier stage compared to the WSM. Specifically, when the DP rises from 5000 Pa to 5600 Pa, there is a 12.6 % increase in the production entropy in the WSM, while the DSM experiences a slightly higher increase of 12.9 %.","PeriodicalId":9935,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Product and Process Modeling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141678120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Since cooling load estimation directly impacts air conditioning control and chiller optimization, it is essential for increasing the energy efficiency of cooling systems. Machine learning outshines traditional regression analysis by efficiently managing vast datasets and discerning complex patterns influenced by various factors like occupancy, building materials, and meteorology. These capabilities greatly enhance building management and energy optimization. The primary objective of this study is to introduce a framework based on ML algorithms to accurately predict cooling loads in buildings. The Decision Tree model was chosen as the core algorithm for this purpose. Furthermore, as an innovative approach, four metaheuristic algorithms – namely, the Improved Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm, Prairie Dog Optimization, Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy, and Coyote Optimization Algorithm – were employed to enhance the predictive capabilities of the Decision Tree model. The dataset which utilized in this study derived from previous studies, the data comprised of eight input parameters, including Relative Compactness, Surface Area, Wall Area, Roof Area, Overall Height, Orientation, Glazing Area, and Glazing Area Distribution. With an astonishing R2 value of 0.995 and a lowest Root Mean Square Error value of 0.660, the DTPD (DT + PDO) model performs exceptionally well. These astounding findings demonstrate the DTPD model’s unmatched precision in forecasting the results of cooling loads and point to its potential for useful implementation in actual building management situations. Properly predicting and managing cooling loads ensures that indoor environments remain comfortable and healthy for occupants. Maintaining optimal temperature and humidity levels not only enhances comfort but also supports good indoor air quality.
{"title":"Energy efficiency in cooling systems: integrating machine learning and meta-heuristic algorithms for precise cooling load prediction","authors":"Kunming Xu","doi":"10.1515/cppm-2024-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2024-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since cooling load estimation directly impacts air conditioning control and chiller optimization, it is essential for increasing the energy efficiency of cooling systems. Machine learning outshines traditional regression analysis by efficiently managing vast datasets and discerning complex patterns influenced by various factors like occupancy, building materials, and meteorology. These capabilities greatly enhance building management and energy optimization. The primary objective of this study is to introduce a framework based on ML algorithms to accurately predict cooling loads in buildings. The Decision Tree model was chosen as the core algorithm for this purpose. Furthermore, as an innovative approach, four metaheuristic algorithms – namely, the Improved Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm, Prairie Dog Optimization, Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy, and Coyote Optimization Algorithm – were employed to enhance the predictive capabilities of the Decision Tree model. The dataset which utilized in this study derived from previous studies, the data comprised of eight input parameters, including Relative Compactness, Surface Area, Wall Area, Roof Area, Overall Height, Orientation, Glazing Area, and Glazing Area Distribution. With an astonishing R2 value of 0.995 and a lowest Root Mean Square Error value of 0.660, the DTPD (DT + PDO) model performs exceptionally well. These astounding findings demonstrate the DTPD model’s unmatched precision in forecasting the results of cooling loads and point to its potential for useful implementation in actual building management situations. Properly predicting and managing cooling loads ensures that indoor environments remain comfortable and healthy for occupants. Maintaining optimal temperature and humidity levels not only enhances comfort but also supports good indoor air quality.","PeriodicalId":9935,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Product and Process Modeling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jhared Axel Mora-Jiménez, Vanessa Andreina Alvarez-Rodriguez, Sebastián Cisneros-Hernández, Carolina Ramírez-Martínez, Alberto Ordaz
Abstract Natural pigment production represents an innovative and sustainable alternative to synthetic pigments. However, its industrial production to meet the global demand for pigments poses technological and economic challenges. In this work, a process design and simulation were conducted using SuperPro Designer to produce a blue natural pigment known as indigoidine, which is in high demand as a natural alternative to synthetic blue dyes in industries. The process design included upstream, bioreaction, and downstream processing to produce 113 tons per year of dry indigoidine. For the conception and design of the bioprocess, experimental data reported in the literature, such as kinetic and stoichiometric parameters, culture media, feeding strategy, and volumetric power input, were taken into account. The economic and profitability indicators of four scenarios were assessed based on a base scenario, which involved changing the typical stirred tank reactor to an airlift reactor, decreasing indigoidine recovery, and reducing biomass production. It was estimated that the use of an airlift reactor significantly improves the profitability of the bioprocess, while a 50 % decrease in biomass concentration (less than 40 g/L) significantly affected the profitability of the process. Finally, an equilibrium production point of around 56 tons per year was determined to balance total revenues with operational costs. This is the first work that offers valuable insights into the scaling-up of natural pigment indigoidine production using bacteria.
{"title":"Natural pigment indigoidine production: process design, simulation, and techno-economic assessment","authors":"Jhared Axel Mora-Jiménez, Vanessa Andreina Alvarez-Rodriguez, Sebastián Cisneros-Hernández, Carolina Ramírez-Martínez, Alberto Ordaz","doi":"10.1515/cppm-2023-0098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2023-0098","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Natural pigment production represents an innovative and sustainable alternative to synthetic pigments. However, its industrial production to meet the global demand for pigments poses technological and economic challenges. In this work, a process design and simulation were conducted using SuperPro Designer to produce a blue natural pigment known as indigoidine, which is in high demand as a natural alternative to synthetic blue dyes in industries. The process design included upstream, bioreaction, and downstream processing to produce 113 tons per year of dry indigoidine. For the conception and design of the bioprocess, experimental data reported in the literature, such as kinetic and stoichiometric parameters, culture media, feeding strategy, and volumetric power input, were taken into account. The economic and profitability indicators of four scenarios were assessed based on a base scenario, which involved changing the typical stirred tank reactor to an airlift reactor, decreasing indigoidine recovery, and reducing biomass production. It was estimated that the use of an airlift reactor significantly improves the profitability of the bioprocess, while a 50 % decrease in biomass concentration (less than 40 g/L) significantly affected the profitability of the process. Finally, an equilibrium production point of around 56 tons per year was determined to balance total revenues with operational costs. This is the first work that offers valuable insights into the scaling-up of natural pigment indigoidine production using bacteria.","PeriodicalId":9935,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Product and Process Modeling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141356732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Banu Bulut Acar, Maram Al-Sayaghi, Alex Fells, Bruce Hanson
The geometrical and hydraulic parameters have a great impact on the mass transfer characteristics of annular centrifugal contactors. The objective of this study is to evaluate the mass transfer performance of a single annular centrifugal contactor by applying the computational fluid dynamics informed compartment modelling approach. In the study, a steady state compartment model of an annular centrifugal contactor is developed in gProms general purpose process modeller by using the hydrodynamic parameters obtained from computational fluid dynamics simulations performed in OpenFOAM with the GEneralised Multifluid Modelling Approach (GEMMA). The mass transfer rate predicted by the developed compartment model is compared with data obtained from uranium extraction with Tributyl Phosphate experiments performed with a laboratory-scale annular centrifugal contactor. Uranium concentrations in the organic and aqueous outlets and the mass transfer rate evaluated by the developed compartmented contactor model are in good agreement with the experimental data. The results reveal that the use of a hydrodynamic-informed compartment modelling approach raises the possibility of designing full-scale annular centrifugal contactors without the need for detailed computational fluid dynamics simulations and the prediction of mass transfer performance of the whole system from laboratory scale experiments.
{"title":"Hydrodynamic simulation-informed compartment modelling of an annular centrifugal contactor","authors":"Banu Bulut Acar, Maram Al-Sayaghi, Alex Fells, Bruce Hanson","doi":"10.1515/cppm-2023-0091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2023-0091","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The geometrical and hydraulic parameters have a great impact on the mass transfer characteristics of annular centrifugal contactors. The objective of this study is to evaluate the mass transfer performance of a single annular centrifugal contactor by applying the computational fluid dynamics informed compartment modelling approach. In the study, a steady state compartment model of an annular centrifugal contactor is developed in gProms general purpose process modeller by using the hydrodynamic parameters obtained from computational fluid dynamics simulations performed in OpenFOAM with the GEneralised Multifluid Modelling Approach (GEMMA). The mass transfer rate predicted by the developed compartment model is compared with data obtained from uranium extraction with Tributyl Phosphate experiments performed with a laboratory-scale annular centrifugal contactor. Uranium concentrations in the organic and aqueous outlets and the mass transfer rate evaluated by the developed compartmented contactor model are in good agreement with the experimental data. The results reveal that the use of a hydrodynamic-informed compartment modelling approach raises the possibility of designing full-scale annular centrifugal contactors without the need for detailed computational fluid dynamics simulations and the prediction of mass transfer performance of the whole system from laboratory scale experiments.","PeriodicalId":9935,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Product and Process Modeling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141000518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CPPM special issue in honor of Professor Faïçal Larachi","authors":"S. Hamoudi","doi":"10.1515/cppm-2024-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2024-0024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9935,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Product and Process Modeling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141008735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most popular methods of fruit juice preservation is concentration since it offers a variety of advantages, like decreased volume, weight, packing, simpler transportation and handling, and a longer shelf life. The present paper studied the evaporation of fruit juice in single- and triple-effect evaporators using Aspen HYSYS software. The amount of juice was 3000 kg/h, and its concentration was raised from 10 to 50 °Brix. Four evaporator layouts were estimated and optimized: single-effect, modified single-effect, forward triple-effect, and triple-effect in parallel. It is a study of the effect of the temperature of saturated steam (120–300 °C) used to concentrate the juice and the pressure of the product (15–50 kPa) on the mass flow rate of steam required, economy, and overall heat transfer coefficient times area (UA) of the evaporator. The best operating conditions for each type of evaporation system were 15 kPa of the product’s pressure for all types of evaporators, 192, 240, 182, and 210 °C of the single-effect, modified single-effect, forward triple-effect, and parallel triple-effect, respectively. These operating conditions are equivalent to the steam required, economy, UA, and steam cost as follows: for each type, they were (3075, 338.4, 1224, and 1100 kg/h), (0.78, 7.1, 1.96, and 2.15), (40,182, 74,505, 539,987, 152,173 kJ/°C h), and (12.68 × 103, 12.76 × 103, 12.65 × 103, and 12.73 × 103 $/h), respectively.
{"title":"Simulation of single-effect and triple-effect evaporator for fruit juice concentration using Aspen HYSYS","authors":"Khalid W. Hameed, A. Khadom, Hameed B. Mahood","doi":"10.1515/cppm-2023-0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2023-0093","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 One of the most popular methods of fruit juice preservation is concentration since it offers a variety of advantages, like decreased volume, weight, packing, simpler transportation and handling, and a longer shelf life. The present paper studied the evaporation of fruit juice in single- and triple-effect evaporators using Aspen HYSYS software. The amount of juice was 3000 kg/h, and its concentration was raised from 10 to 50 °Brix. Four evaporator layouts were estimated and optimized: single-effect, modified single-effect, forward triple-effect, and triple-effect in parallel. It is a study of the effect of the temperature of saturated steam (120–300 °C) used to concentrate the juice and the pressure of the product (15–50 kPa) on the mass flow rate of steam required, economy, and overall heat transfer coefficient times area (UA) of the evaporator. The best operating conditions for each type of evaporation system were 15 kPa of the product’s pressure for all types of evaporators, 192, 240, 182, and 210 °C of the single-effect, modified single-effect, forward triple-effect, and parallel triple-effect, respectively. These operating conditions are equivalent to the steam required, economy, UA, and steam cost as follows: for each type, they were (3075, 338.4, 1224, and 1100 kg/h), (0.78, 7.1, 1.96, and 2.15), (40,182, 74,505, 539,987, 152,173 kJ/°C h), and (12.68 × 103, 12.76 × 103, 12.65 × 103, and 12.73 × 103 $/h), respectively.","PeriodicalId":9935,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Product and Process Modeling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140698574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Currently, microchannels are widely used in liquid-liquid heterogeneous mass transfer systems due to its excellent mass transfer performance. However, because of the passive mixing principle of traditional microchannels, the improvement of mass transfer performance has a bottleneck. This work proposes a novel rotating millimeter channel reactor (RMCR), capable of achieving liquid-liquid heterogeneous mass transfer enhance by centrifugal force. Three typical flow patterns of slug flow, parallel-droplet flow, and parallel flow in the RMCR were observed by high-speed photography technology. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient (K O a) of the RMCR increased with the increase of the total volumetric flow rate and rotational speed (N) increased. Compared with N = 0 r/min, the K O a of the RMCR increases by 61.5 % at 200 r/min, ranging from 0.013 to 0.021 s−1. The RMCR proposed in this work is expected to be applied to the liquid-liquid heterogeneous mass transfer system with high processing capacity and easy plugging.
目前，微通道因其优异的传质性能被广泛应用于液液异质传质系统中。然而，由于传统微通道的被动混合原理，传质性能的提高存在瓶颈。本研究提出了一种新型旋转毫米通道反应器（RMCR），能够通过离心力实现液-液异质传质增强。通过高速摄影技术观察了 RMCR 中的三种典型流动模式，即蛞蝓流、平行液滴流和平行流。随着总容积流量和转速（N）的增加，RMCR 的容积传质系数（K O a）也随之增加。与 N = 0 r/min 相比，RMCR 的 K O a 在 200 r/min 时增加了 61.5%，范围在 0.013 到 0.021 s-1 之间。本研究提出的 RMCR 可望应用于具有高处理能力和易堵塞的液-液异质传质系统。
{"title":"Liquid-liquid flow pattern and mass transfer in a rotating millimeter channel reactor","authors":"Liang Zheng, Yu-Hui Qi, Hai-Long Liao, Hai-Kui Zou, Ouyang Yi, Yong Luo, Jian-Feng Chen","doi":"10.1515/cppm-2023-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2023-0049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Currently, microchannels are widely used in liquid-liquid heterogeneous mass transfer systems due to its excellent mass transfer performance. However, because of the passive mixing principle of traditional microchannels, the improvement of mass transfer performance has a bottleneck. This work proposes a novel rotating millimeter channel reactor (RMCR), capable of achieving liquid-liquid heterogeneous mass transfer enhance by centrifugal force. Three typical flow patterns of slug flow, parallel-droplet flow, and parallel flow in the RMCR were observed by high-speed photography technology. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient (K\u0000 O\u0000 a) of the RMCR increased with the increase of the total volumetric flow rate and rotational speed (N) increased. Compared with N = 0 r/min, the K\u0000 O\u0000 a of the RMCR increases by 61.5 % at 200 r/min, ranging from 0.013 to 0.021 s−1. The RMCR proposed in this work is expected to be applied to the liquid-liquid heterogeneous mass transfer system with high processing capacity and easy plugging.","PeriodicalId":9935,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Product and Process Modeling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140234056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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