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Taguchi L16 (44) orthogonal array-based study and thermodynamics analysis for electro-Fenton process treatment of textile industrial dye 电fenton法处理纺织工业染料的研究与热力学分析[j]
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2022-0045
Imran Ahmad, D. Basu
Abstract Reactive orange 16 (RO16) is the most widely used azo dye in Textile industry. Complex aromatic structures and resistivity to biological decay caused the dye pollutants incompletely treated by the conventional oxidative methods. The current study presents the electro-Fenton-based advanced oxidation treatment of RO16 dye and the process optimization by Taguchi-based design of experiment (DOE). Using a 500 mL volume lab-scale experimental setup, the process was first studied for the principal operational parameters (initial dye concentration (q); [H2O2]/[Fe+2] (R); current density (ρ); and temperature (T)) effect on decolourization (D R ) and COD removal (C R ). Then, by means of the L16 (44) orthogonal array (OA) formation, standard mean and signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, the process was optimized for the response variables. The result showed the optimized result at q = 100 mg/L, R = 100, ρ = 8 mA/cm2, and T = 32 °C; with D R and C R as 90.023 and 84.344%, respectively. It was found that the current density affects the process most, followed by [H2O2]/[Fe+2] ratio, initial dye concentration, and temperature i.e., ρ > R > q > T. Also, with the analysis of variance (ANOVA), model equations for D R and C R were developed and its accuracy was verified for experimental results. At optimized conditions, the first order removal rate constants (k a ) were found from batch results. Additionally, the thermodynamic constants (ΔH e , ΔS e , and ΔG b ) were also calculated for the nature of heat-energy involved and temperature effect study on dye degradation. The results showed that the process was thermodynamically feasible, endothermic, and non-spontaneous with a lower energy barrier (E A = 46.7 kJ mol−1).
摘要活性橙16(RO16)是纺织工业中应用最广泛的偶氮染料。复杂的芳香结构和对生物衰变的抵抗力导致传统氧化方法不能完全处理染料污染物。本研究介绍了RO16染料的电芬顿深度氧化处理以及基于田口实验设计(DOE)的工艺优化。使用500mL体积的实验室规模的实验装置,首先研究了该过程的主要操作参数(初始染料浓度(q);[H2O2]/[Fe+2](R);电流密度(ρ);和温度(T))对脱色(DR)和COD去除(CR)的影响。然后,通过L16(44)正交阵列(OA)的形成、标准平均值和信噪比(S/N),对响应变量进行了优化。结果表明,在q=100mg/L、R=100、ρ=8mA/cm2和T=32°C条件下,最佳结果;其中D R和C R分别为90.023和84.344%。研究发现,电流密度对工艺的影响最大,其次是[H2O2]/[Fe+2]比、初始染料浓度和温度,即ρ>R>q>T。此外,通过方差分析(ANOVA),建立了DR和CR的模型方程,并对实验结果的准确性进行了验证。在优化的条件下,从批处理结果中发现了一阶去除速率常数(k a)。此外,还计算了所涉及的热能性质和染料降解的温度效应研究的热力学常数(ΔH e、ΔS e和ΔG b)。结果表明,该过程在热力学上是可行的、吸热的、非自发的,具有较低的能垒(EA=46.7kJ mol−1)。
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引用次数: 2
Multi-objective optimization of a fluid catalytic cracking unit using response surface methodology 用响应面法对催化裂化装置进行多目标优化
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2022-0018
Anish Thomas, M. P. Pavan Kumar
Abstract In oil refineries, fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is a major unit consisting of several process variables and multiple products. Since FCC units are given prime importance as they are contributing a large share in profits, the optimal operation of FCC is always desirable while considering the changing economic scenarios with respect to the products. However, optimization of FCC is quite challenging due to the complex nature of the process. In this work, using Aspen HYSYS V9® catcracker module, process data of FCC was obtained using central composite design (CCD). Second order regression equations for the selected responses were obtained using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach. The interaction effects of feed flow, feed temperature, feed pressure, air blower discharge temperature and catalyst circulation rate on responses (yield of products) were presented. Further, the optimization was performed based on a multi-response optimization technique in the Design expert software and the optimal values of the input variables were obtained for the chosen objectives (representing various operation scenarios). The optimal operation scenarios that were obtained for the objectives were validated successfully. This work highlights the use of statistics based soft computing techniques for the optimization of complex chemical engineering operations such as FCC.
摘要在炼油厂中,流体催化裂化(FCC)是一个由多个工艺变量和多个产品组成的主要装置。由于催化裂化装置在利润中所占的份额很大,因此在考虑到产品的经济情况变化时,催化裂化装置的最佳运行总是可取的。然而,由于催化裂化过程的复杂性,优化是相当具有挑战性的。本工作采用Aspen HYSYS V9®catcracker模块,采用中心复合设计(CCD)获得FCC的工艺数据。采用方差分析(ANOVA)方法获得所选应答的二阶回归方程。考察了进料流量、进料温度、进料压力、鼓风机排气温度和催化剂循环速率对反应(产物收率)的交互作用。在Design expert软件中基于多响应优化技术进行优化,得到了所选目标(代表各种运行场景)下输入变量的最优值。对所得目标的最佳操作方案进行了验证。这项工作强调使用基于统计的软计算技术来优化复杂的化学工程操作,如FCC。
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引用次数: 1
MSP designing with optimal fractional PI–PD controller for IPTD processes IPTD过程最优分数PI-PD控制器的MSP设计
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2022-0041
S. Sengupta, Somak Karan, C. Dey
Abstract An effective tuning methodology of modified Smith predictor (MSP) based fractional controller designing for purely integrating time delayed (IPTD) processes is reported here. IPTD processes with pole at the origin are truly difficult to control; exhibit large oscillations once get disturbed from their steady state. Proposed MSP design consists of fractional PI (proportional-integral) and fractional PD (proportional-derivative) controllers together with P (proportional) controller. Fractional controllers are competent to provide improved closed loop responses due to flexibility of additional tuning parameters. Fractional tuning parameters of PI and PD controllers are derived through optimization algorithms where integral absolute error (IAE) is considered as cost function. Efficacy of the proposed methodology is validated for IPTD processes having wide range of time delay. Stability and robustness issues are explored under process model uncertainties with small gain theorem. Performance of the proposed MSP-FO(PI–PD) controller is validated through simulation study relating five IPTD process models. Overall satisfactory closed loop responses are observed for each case during transient as well as steady state operational phases.
摘要本文报道了一种基于改进Smith预测器(MSP)的分数控制器设计的有效整定方法,用于纯积分时滞(IPTD)过程。在原点有极点的IPTD过程确实难以控制;一旦从稳定状态中受到干扰,就会表现出巨大的振荡。所提出的MSP设计由分数阶PI(比例积分)控制器和分数阶PD(比例导数)控制器以及P(比例)控制器组成。分数控制器由于附加调谐参数的灵活性,能够提供更好的闭环响应。以积分绝对误差(IAE)为代价函数,通过优化算法推导出PI控制器和PD控制器的分数阶整定参数。在具有大范围时滞的IPTD过程中验证了该方法的有效性。利用小增益定理探讨了过程模型不确定性下的稳定性和鲁棒性问题。通过对5个IPTD过程模型的仿真研究,验证了所提出的MSP-FO(PI-PD)控制器的性能。在瞬态和稳态运行阶段,观察到每种情况下的总体满意的闭环响应。
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引用次数: 1
Statistical modeling and optimization of the bleachability of regenerated spent bleaching earth using response surface methodology and artificial neural networks with genetic algorithm 基于响应面法和遗传算法的人工神经网络对再生漂白废土可漂白性的统计建模与优化
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2022-0031
Almoruf O. F. Williams, Oluwaseun D. Akanbi
Abstract In this study, the statistical modeling and optimization of the regeneration of spent bleaching earth (SBE) for re-use in the bleaching of crude palm oil (CPO) oil was examined. Having a good model will assist with the successful optimal regeneration of SBE and hence minimize the environmental pollution associated with its current disposal method which is based on dumping as landfills. The SBE samples were de-oiled with the Soxhlet extraction method, using n-hexane for 1 h at 60 °C; treated at temperatures ranging from 300–500 °C; at carbonization time between 30 and 45 min; and with hydrochloric acid concentrations between 1 and 2 M, at a constant stirring time of 30 min, respectively. The operating conditions for the experiment were according to the Central Composite Design (CCD) experimental design using the Design Expert software version 13. The modeling and optimization of the SBE regeneration process was carried out with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques. Five regression models were developed from the RSM approach and the best one selected based on model selection parameters recommended in the literature. Similarly, ten ANN models with the number of neurons in the hidden layer that varied from 2 to 16 were considered and the best one selected using the mean square error (MSE) and correlation coefficients (R) for the training, validation and testing performances. Results showed that the ANN technique led to a model with a better predictive ability than the RSM one. The optimum experimental bleachability of 71.5% for the regenerated de-oiled SBE was obtained at carbonization temperature of 500 °C, hydrochloric acid concentration of 2M and carbonization time of 45min. Using the Genetic Algorithm (GA), the ANN model resulted in an optimum bleachability of 70.87% with corresponding optimum factors at 468.19 °C, 2 M and 45 min, while the RSM approach gave an optimum bleachability of 73.52% at the corresponding factors of 498.99 °C, 1.57 M and 41.14 min for the carbonization temperature, acid concentration and carbonization time, respectively. The optimum experimental bleachability of the regenerated SBE achieved was 12.5% higher than that of virgin bleaching earth (VBE).
摘要在本研究中,对废漂白土再生用于棕榈油粗漂白的统计建模和优化进行了检验。拥有一个好的模型将有助于SBE的成功优化再生,从而最大限度地减少与目前基于倾倒作为垃圾填埋场的处理方法相关的环境污染。SBE样品采用索氏提取法,使用正己烷在60°C下脱油1小时;在300–500°C的温度范围内处理;碳化时间在30和45分钟之间;以及盐酸浓度分别在1M和2M之间,在30分钟的恒定搅拌时间下。实验的操作条件根据中央复合材料设计(CCD)实验设计,使用Design Expert软件版本13。采用响应面法(RSM)和人工神经网络(ANN)技术对SBE再生过程进行了建模和优化。根据RSM方法开发了五个回归模型,并根据文献中推荐的模型选择参数选择了最佳模型。类似地,考虑了隐藏层中神经元数量从2到16不等的十个ANN模型,并使用均方误差(MSE)和相关系数(R)选择了用于训练、验证和测试性能的最佳模型。结果表明,人工神经网络技术建立的模型比RSM模型具有更好的预测能力。在炭化温度为500°C、盐酸浓度为2M、炭化时间为45min的条件下,再生脱油SBE的最佳实验漂白率为71.5%。采用遗传算法(GA),在468.19°C、2M和45min条件下,ANN模型的最佳漂白率为70.87%,而在498.99°C、1.57M和41.14min条件下,对炭化温度、酸浓度和炭化时间,RSM方法的最佳漂白度分别为73.52%。再生SBE的最佳漂白性能比原漂白土(VBE)提高12.5%。
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引用次数: 1
Effect of pipe rotation on heat transfer to laminar non-Newtonian nanofluid flowing through a pipe: a CFD analysis 管道旋转对流过管道的层流非牛顿纳米流体传热的影响:CFD分析
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2022-11-11 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2022-0021
Sai Kiran Meesala, Budda Govinda Rao, Datta Bharadwaz Yellapragada
Abstract The present numerical study is aimed at investigating the effect of rotation on heat transfer to non-Newtonian nanofluid flowing through a pipe. Non-Newtonian fluid flow under laminar condition with heat transfer finds the applications in various industries like food processing, pharmaceutical and polymer etc. Various proportions (1–3%) of copper nanoparticles are mixed with water to study the heat transfer rates non-Newtonian nanofluid flowing through the rotating pipe. Effect of rotation rate on heat transfer rates are also studied. In this study for 1% nanofluid at a constant rotation rate of 0.8, the Nusselt number is increased by 119.45%. The highest thermal performance factor (TPF) is 1.74, observed at N = 0.8, Pe = 5000, and for 1% volume concentration of non-Newtonian nanofluid.
摘要本数值研究旨在探讨旋转对非牛顿纳米流体在管道中传热的影响。层流条件下的非牛顿流体传热在食品加工、制药、聚合物等行业得到了广泛的应用。将不同比例(1-3%)的铜纳米颗粒与水混合,研究非牛顿纳米流体流经旋转管道的换热率。研究了旋转速率对传热速率的影响。在本研究中,对于1%的纳米流体,在恒定的0.8旋转速率下,努塞尔数增加了119.45%。当N = 0.8, Pe = 5000,非牛顿纳米流体体积浓度为1%时,热性能因子(TPF)最高,为1.74。
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引用次数: 0
Computational investigation of erosion wear in the eco-friendly disposal of the fly ash through 90° horizontal bend of different radius ratios 不同半径比90°水平弯曲对粉煤灰生态处理冲蚀磨损的计算研究
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2022-0026
Yatish Kumar Baghel, V. Patel
Abstract In the present study, slurry erosion wear was evaluated in 90° horizontal pipe bends of various radius ratios (R/r = 2–10) through a commercial CFD code ANSYS FLUENT. For the suspension of fly ash-water, Euler–Lagrange and two way-coupling methods were employed to predict the slurry erosion wear. The flow through the horizontal bend pipe was simulated using a Standard k–ε turbulence modelling. The computational results were validated with the experimental result of the available literature. Fly ash was taken as the dispersed phase of the solid-liquid combination however water was used as the liquid phase. The fly ash particles size was taken as 150 µm. Various affecting factors, such as velocity (4–10 m/s) and solid concentration (2.5 and 7.5% by volume) of the fly ash, were also studied in this investigation. The erosion rate was maximum in the case of R/r = 4 and minimum for R/r = 10 at all velocities and concentrations. It was also found that the erosion rate increases with the increase in solid concentration and velocity.
摘要在本研究中,通过商业CFD代码ANSYS FLUENT评估了不同半径比(R/R=2–10)的90°水平弯管的泥浆侵蚀磨损。对于粉煤灰水悬浮,采用欧拉-拉格朗日法和双向耦合法对浆体侵蚀磨损进行了预测。使用标准k–ε湍流模型模拟通过水平弯管的流动。计算结果与现有文献的实验结果进行了验证。粉煤灰被用作固液组合的分散相,然而水被用作液相。飞灰颗粒尺寸取150µm。本研究还研究了各种影响因素,如飞灰的速度(4–10 m/s)和固体浓度(2.5和7.5%体积)。在所有速度和浓度下,R/R=4的侵蚀率最大,R/R=10的侵蚀率最小。研究还发现,侵蚀速率随固体浓度和速度的增加而增加。
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引用次数: 0
Removal of glycerol from biodiesel using multi-stage microfiltration membrane system: industrial scale process simulation 多级微滤膜系统去除生物柴油中的甘油:工业规模过程模拟
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2022-10-03 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2022-0024
S. Kusumocahyo, R. C. Redulla, K. Fulbert, A. A. Iskandar
Abstract Biodiesel purification is one of the most important downstream processes in biodiesel industries. The removal of glycerol from crude biodiesel is commonly conducted by an extraction method using water, however this method results in a vast amount of wastewater and needs a lot of energy. In this study, microfiltration membrane was used to remove glycerol from biodiesel, and a process simulation was carried out for an industrial scale biodiesel purification plant using a microfiltration membrane system. The microfiltration experiment using a simulated feed solution of biodiesel containing glycerol and water showed that the membrane process produced purified biodiesel that met the international standards. The result of the process simulation of a multi-stage membrane system showed that the membrane area could be minimized by optimizing the concentration factor of every stage with the aid of a computer program that was written in Phyton programming language with Visual Studio Code. The overall productivity of a single stage membrane system was the same with that of the multi-stage system, however the single stage system required a larger membrane area. To produce 750 m3 day−1 of purified biodiesel, a multi-stage membrane system consisting of 10 membrane modules required a total membrane area of 1515 m2 that was 57% smaller compared to the single stage system consisting of one membrane module. This membrane area reduction was equivalent to a reduction of the total capital cost of 30%. Based on the analysis of the total capital cost, it was found that the optimum number of stages was 4 since it showed a minimum value of the total capital cost with a membrane area of 1620 m2 that was equivalent to the reduction of the total capital cost of 34%. The result of this simulation showed that the multi-stage microfiltration membrane has great potential to replace the conventional method in biodiesel industries.
摘要生物柴油提纯是生物柴油工业中最重要的下游工艺之一。原油生物柴油中甘油的脱除通常采用水萃取法,但该方法产生大量废水,且需要大量能源。本研究采用微滤膜去除生物柴油中的甘油,并对工业规模的生物柴油净化装置进行了微滤膜系统的工艺模拟。用含甘油和水的生物柴油模拟进料液进行微滤实验,结果表明,膜法制备的生物柴油纯度达到国际标准。对多级膜系统的过程模拟结果表明,利用Phyton编程语言和Visual Studio Code编写的计算机程序,通过优化各阶段的浓度因子,可以使膜面积最小。单级膜系统的总体产率与多级膜系统相同,但单级膜系统需要更大的膜面积。为了每天生产750立方米的纯化生物柴油,一个由10个膜模块组成的多级膜系统需要1515平方米的总膜面积,与由一个膜模块组成的单级系统相比,这一面积减少了57%。这种膜面积的减少相当于减少了30%的总投资成本。通过对总投资成本的分析发现,当膜面积为1620 m2时,总投资成本的最小值为4个阶段,相当于总投资成本降低34%。模拟结果表明,多级微滤膜在生物柴油工业中具有取代传统方法的巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced design of PID controller and noise filter for second order stable and unstable processes with time delay 二阶稳定和不稳定时滞过程的PID控制器和噪声滤波器的改进设计
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2022-0028
Banda Sai Rahul, M. Ajmeri
Abstract In this work, a PID controller along with a noise filter is designed using direct synthesis method for second order stable and unstable processes with time delay. Proposed method involves a single design parameter λ whose value need to be adjusted such that a desired balance between performance and robustness of the system is achieved. Guidelines to select suitable values of λ based on the maximum sensitivity values are provided. Various computer simulations are performed in presence of measurement noise on stable, unstable, integrating and double integrating dynamic systems to illustrate the advantages of suggested control method over some contemporary techniques. Performance measures (integral absolute error and integral squared error) and robustness measures such as maximum sensitivity (M s), complimentary sensitivity (M t) are calculated for the quantitative performance evaluation of the proposed tuning strategy. The suggested tuning algorithm is simple and it yields improved closed loop response compared to some reported methods, satisfactory robustness and smooth control action in presence of noise.
本文采用直接合成法对二阶稳定和不稳定时滞过程设计了带噪声滤波器的PID控制器。所提出的方法涉及一个单一的设计参数λ,其值需要调整,以便在系统的性能和鲁棒性之间达到理想的平衡。提供了根据最大灵敏度值选择合适λ值的指南。在稳定、不稳定、积分和双积分动态系统测量噪声存在的情况下进行了各种计算机模拟,以说明所提出的控制方法相对于一些当代技术的优越性。计算了性能指标(积分绝对误差和积分平方误差)和鲁棒性指标(最大灵敏度M s)、互补灵敏度M t),对所提出的调优策略进行了定量性能评价。所提出的整定算法简单,与已有的方法相比,具有更好的闭环响应,具有良好的鲁棒性和平滑的噪声控制效果。
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引用次数: 2
Optimal sequencing of conventional distillation column train for multicomponent separation system by evolutionary algorithm 基于进化算法的多组分分离系统常规精馏塔列优化排序
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2022-0027
P. Giri, Y. Mahajan
Abstract The best structure of multicomponent separation techniques can be obtained using optimal distillation sequencing. Because distillation sequences contribute significantly to the fixed and operational cost of the entire chemical process, developing a systematic approach for choosing the most appropriate and economic distillation sequences becomes an important field of study. Due to its high dimensional space and combinatorial nature, synthesis of the optimal conventional distillation column sequence is a tough problem in the field of process plant development and optimization. A novel method for the synthesis of an optimal conventional distillation column sequence is suggested in this study. Genetic algorithm, an evolutionary algorithm is at the heart of the proposed method. The Total Annual Cost (TAC) is the main basis used to evaluate alternative configurations. To estimate the total cost of each sequence, rigorous methods are used to design all columns in the sequence. The proposed method’s performance and that of the conventional quantitative approach are compared using the results of a five component benchmark test problem used by researchers in this field. According to the comparison results, the suggested algorithm outclasses the other methods and is more adaptable than other existing approaches.
摘要多组分分离技术的最佳结构可以通过优化蒸馏序列来获得。由于蒸馏序列对整个化学过程的固定成本和操作成本有很大贡献,因此开发一种系统的方法来选择最合适和最经济的蒸馏序列成为一个重要的研究领域。由于其高维空间和组合性质,合成最佳常规蒸馏塔序列是工艺装置开发和优化领域的一个难题。本研究提出了一种合成最佳常规蒸馏柱序列的新方法。遗传算法是一种进化算法,是所提出方法的核心。年度总成本(TAC)是用于评估替代配置的主要依据。为了估计每个序列的总成本,使用严格的方法来设计序列中的所有列。使用该领域研究人员使用的五分量基准测试问题的结果,比较了所提出的方法和传统定量方法的性能。根据比较结果,所提出的算法优于其他方法,并且比现有的其他方法更具适应性。
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引用次数: 0
A comparative study: conventional and modified serpentine micromixers 传统与改良蛇纹石微混频器的比较研究
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2022-0022
Ranjitsinha R. Gidde, S. Wangikar, P. Pawar, B. Ronge
Abstract The study of flow and mixing dynamics for conventional micromixers as well as micromixers with split and recombine (SAR) units has been carried out using laminar and transport diluted physics modules. Initially, a pilot numerical analysis was done for the basic Y-shaped curved, rectangular and triangular serpentine micromixers. Later, SAR units have been added to these basic designs and the effect of SAR units on the performance characteristics viz., mixing index, pressure drop, performance index and pumping power has been studied. In-depth qualitative analysis was also carried out to visualize the flow and mixing dynamics for the Reynolds number in the range from 0.1–50. The study results revealed that the square shaped chambers and circular obstacle based rectangular serpentine micromixer (SCCO-RSM) demonstrated better performance as compared to the other designs. The proposed micromixer is the better candidate for microfluidics applications such as Lab-On-a-Chip (LOC), Micro-Total-Analysis-Systems (µTAS) and Point of Care Testing (POCT), etc.
摘要采用层流和输运稀释物理模块,对传统微混合器和带拆分和重组(SAR)单元的微混合器的流动和混合动力学进行了研究。首先,对基本的y形弯曲、矩形和三角形蛇形微混合器进行了初步的数值分析。随后,在这些基本设计中加入了SAR单元,研究了SAR单元对混合指标、压降、性能指标和泵送功率等性能特性的影响。对0.1 ~ 50雷诺数范围内的流动和混合动力学进行了深入的定性分析。研究结果表明,矩形蛇形微混合器(SCCO-RSM)采用方形腔室和圆形障碍物设计,性能优于其他设计。所提出的微混合器是微流体应用的更好候选者,如芯片实验室(LOC),微总体分析系统(µTAS)和护理点测试(POCT)等。
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引用次数: 0
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Chemical Product and Process Modeling
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