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Frontmatter Frontmatter
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2021-frontmatter4
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引用次数: 0
Development of a CFD-based simulation model and optimization of thermal diffusion column: application on noble gas separation 基于CFD的热扩散柱模拟模型的开发与优化:在惰性气体分离中的应用
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2021-0049
Hamed Eghbalahmadi, P. Khadiv-Parsi, S. M. Mousavian, M. H. Eghbal Ahmadi
Abstract In this study, numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the separation of the helium-argon gas mixture by thermal diffusion column. This research determined the significant parameters and their effects on the process performance. Effects of feed flow rate, cut ratio, and hot wire temperature in a 950 mm height column with an inner tube of 9.5 mm radius were examined through the simulation of the thermal diffusion column. For minimizing the number of simulations and obtaining the optimum operating conditions, response surface methodology (RSM) was used. Analysis of separative work unit (SWU) values as a target function for helium-argon separation clearly showed that the maximum amount of SWU in thermal diffusion column was achieved, when hot wire temperature increased as large as technically possible, and the feed rate and cut ratio were equal to 55 Standard Cubic Centimeters per Minute (SCCM) and 0.44, respectively. Finally, the SWU value in optimum conditions was compared with the experimental data. Results illustrated that the experimental data were in good agreement with simulation data with an accuracy of about 90%.
摘要在本研究中,对热扩散柱分离氦-氩气混合物进行了数值模拟。本研究确定了重要参数及其对工艺性能的影响。通过对热扩散柱的模拟,研究了在950mm高、内管半径为9.5mm的柱中进料流速、切割比和热丝温度的影响。为了最大限度地减少模拟次数并获得最佳操作条件,使用了响应面方法(RSM)。对作为氦氩分离目标函数的分离功单元(SWU)值的分析清楚地表明,当热线温度在技术上尽可能大地增加时,热扩散柱中的SWU达到了最大量,进料速率和切割比分别等于55标准立方厘米/分钟(SCCM)和0.44。最后,将最佳条件下的SWU值与实验数据进行了比较。结果表明,实验数据与模拟数据吻合良好,准确率约为90%。
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引用次数: 0
An improved Wilson equation for phase equilibrium K values estimation 一种用于相平衡K值估计的改进Wilson方程
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2021-11-16 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2021-0009
W. Monnery
Abstract Phase equilibrium K values are either estimated with empirical correlations or rigorously calculated based on fugacity values determined from an equation of state. There have been several empirical analytical equations such as Raoult’s Law, the Hoffman Equations (Hoffman A, Crump J, Hocott C. Equilibrium constants for a gas condensate system. J Petrol Technol 1953;5:1–10) and their modifications and the well-known Wilson Equation (Wilson G. A modified Redlich–Kwong equation of state applicable to general physical data calculations. In: AIChE National Meeting Paper15C, May 4–7, Cleveland, OH; 1969). along with several modifications. This work presents a new modification of the Wilson Equation for estimating phase equilibrium K values, predominantly for light hydrocarbon mixtures. The modification is based on correlating a subset of a database of K values, established from convergence pressure data. Results show the method to accurately correlate and predict the K value data, within 10% on average. Moreover, the predicted K factors provide remarkable results for such a simple model when used in a variety of phase equilibrium calculations. The results also show that the new model compares favorably with existing empirical analytical methods. Such a model would provide excellent initial estimates for rigorous thermodynamic calculations.
摘要相平衡K值要么用经验相关性估计,要么根据状态方程确定的逸度值严格计算。已有一些经验分析方程,如拉乌尔定律、霍夫曼方程(Hoffman A,Crump J,Hocott C.凝析油系统的平衡常数。《石油技术杂志》1953;5:1-10)及其修正,以及著名的Wilson方程(Wilson G。适用于一般物理数据计算的修正Redlich–Kwong状态方程。在:AIChE全国会议论文15C,5月4日至7日,俄亥俄州克利夫兰;1969)。以及一些修改。这项工作提出了Wilson方程的一个新的修改,用于估计相平衡K值,主要是轻烃混合物。修改是基于将从收敛压力数据建立的K值数据库的子集进行关联。结果表明,该方法能够准确地关联和预测K值数据,平均在10%以内。此外,当用于各种相平衡计算时,预测的K因子为这样一个简单的模型提供了显著的结果。结果还表明,新模型与现有的经验分析方法相比是有利的。这样的模型将为严格的热力学计算提供极好的初始估计。
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引用次数: 1
An enhancement in series cascade control for non-minimum phase system 非最小相位系统串级控制的改进
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2021-0046
Manish Yadav
Abstract This work reveals an Internal Model Control (IMC)-based series cascade control for the non-minimum phase and time delay process. The combination of a higher-order fractional IMC filter and inverse response compensator for designing the outer loop controller illustrates the uniqueness of this work. For the time delay term, a higher-order approximation is considered. The standard IMC-PID structure adopts for the inner loop controller design. While the higher-order fractional filter coupled with inverse response compensator takes for the design of the outer loop controller. The suggested scheme demonstrates enhanced exhibition for setpoint tracking and disturbance rejection. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis is also accomplished to determine the robustness of the closed-loop system under process parameter variations.
摘要针对非最小相位和时滞过程,提出了一种基于内模控制(IMC)的串级控制方法。高阶分数阶IMC滤波器与逆响应补偿器的组合外环控制器的设计说明了这项工作的独特性。对于时滞项,考虑了高阶近似。内环控制器设计采用标准的IMC-PID结构。外环控制器采用高阶分数阶滤波器与逆响应补偿器耦合设计。该方案具有较好的设定值跟踪和抗干扰性能。此外,还进行了灵敏度分析,以确定闭环系统在工艺参数变化下的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 1
Modelling and simulation of industrial multistage flash desalination process with exergetic and thermodynamic analysis. A case study of Azzour seawater desalination plant 基于火用和热力学分析的工业多级闪蒸脱盐过程建模与仿真。以Azzour海水淡化厂为例
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2021-0040
Abdullah H. Almerri, M. Al‐Obaidi, S. Alsadaie, I. Mujtaba
Abstract Despite the fact of being intensive energy consumption, MSF is a mature technology that characterised by a high production capacity of high-quality water. The multistage flash (MSF) desalination process is one of the prominent thermal desalination used in the industry of seawater desalination to produce high quantity and high quality of freshwater. However, this process consumes large amount of energy and faces thermal limitations due to its high degree of exergy destruction at several units of the process. Therefore, the research of MSF is still existed to elevate the performance indicators and to resolve the concern of high energy consumption. To rectify these limitations, it is important to determine the units responsible in dissipating energy. This study aims to model an industrial MSF process validated against real data and then investigate the exergy destruction and thermodynamic limitations of the process. As a case study, Azzour MSF seawater desalination plant, located in Al Khiran in Kuwait is under the focus. A comprehensive model is developed by analysing several published models. Specifically, the calculation of exergy destruction has embedded both physical and chemical exergies that identified as a strong point of the model developed. As expected, the highest exergy destruction (55.5%) occurs within the heat recovery section followed by the brine heater with exergy destruction of 28.26% of the total exergy destruction. This study identifies the sections of the industrial process that cause the highest energy losses.
MSF是一项成熟的技术,尽管它是一项高能耗技术,但它具有高质量水的生产能力。多级闪蒸脱盐是海水淡化工业中重要的热脱盐技术之一,可生产出大量、优质的淡水。然而,这一过程消耗大量的能量,并面临热限制,由于其高度的火用破坏在过程的几个单元。因此,对MSF的研究仍然存在,以提高性能指标,解决高能耗的担忧。为了纠正这些限制,确定耗散能量的单位是很重要的。本研究的目的是建立一个工业MSF过程的模型,根据实际数据进行验证,然后研究该过程的火用破坏和热力学限制。作为一个案例研究,位于科威特Al Khiran的Azzour MSF海水淡化厂是重点研究对象。通过对几个已发表模型的分析,建立了一个综合模型。具体来说,计算的火用破坏嵌入了物理和化学火用,确定为一个强点的模型开发。正如预期的那样,热回收段的火用破坏最高(55.5%),其次是盐水加热器,火用破坏占总火用破坏的28.26%。这项研究确定了工业过程中造成最高能量损失的部分。
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引用次数: 2
Appling the computational fluid dynamics studies of the thermogravitational column for N2-CO2 and He-Ar gas mixtures separation 应用热重塔对N2-CO2和He-Ar混合气体分离的计算流体力学研究
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2021-10-11 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2021-0036
Hesam Salimi, Neda Hashemipour, J. Karimi-Sabet, Younes Amini
Abstract In the present work, three-Dimensional stationary numerical simulations were accomplished for a deeper understanding of the gas mixtures separation by the thermogravitational column. To address the optimum condition and examine the limitation of the process, the thermogravitational column behavior has been thoroughly analyzed. First, the simulation model was validated by the experimental results of Youssef et al. then the model was developed for the pilot column. The mixture of helium-argon was chosen as feed composition. It was concluded that the variation of the separation factor in relation to pressure for both columns was almost the same. The optimum condition verified as p = 0.2 atm , θ = 0.4 , m ° = 4   SCCM $p=0.2text{atm},theta =0.4,m{}^{circ}=4hspace{0.17em}text{SCCM}$ .
为了对热重柱分离气体混合物的过程有更深入的了解,本文进行了三维稳态数值模拟。为了确定最佳工艺条件和考察工艺的局限性,对热重塔的行为进行了深入的分析。首先,通过Youssef等人的实验结果对模拟模型进行验证,然后针对先导柱开发模型。选用氦-氩混合料作为进料成分。结果表明,两柱分离系数随压力的变化几乎相同。验证了最佳条件为p=0.2 atm, θ =0.4,m°=4 SCCM $p=0.2text{atm},theta =0.4,m{}^{circ}=4hspace{0.17em}text{SCCM}$。
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引用次数: 4
An enhanced feedback-feedforward control scheme for process industries 一种用于过程工业的增强反馈-前馈控制方案
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2021-0016
Manish Yadav, H. Patel
Abstract In this article, a unified control scheme is proposed for dead-time compensation and disturbance rejection via feedback and feedforward controller. The objectives of this work are suggested in two folds, first tuning of fractional order feedback controller via delayed Bode’s ideal transfer function instead of conventional Bode’s ideal transfer function with the benefits of dead time compensator and second feedforward controller for disturbance rejection. An existing method is utilized for comparison with the proposed scheme. To examine the efficacy of the proposed method robustness test is also carried out via sensitivity analysis. For quantifiable evaluation of the proposed scheme Integral Absolute Error (IAE) and Integral Square Error (ISE) are utilized. For the usefulness of the proposed scheme, two practical problems are demonstrated in this paper. The limpidity and instinctive appeal of the proposed scheme make it beautiful for industrial applications.
本文提出了一种采用反馈和前馈控制器进行死区补偿和扰动抑制的统一控制方案。本文的研究目标分为两个方面:首先,利用死区补偿器的优势,利用延迟波德理想传递函数代替传统波德理想传递函数对分数阶反馈控制器进行调谐;其次,利用前馈控制器抑制干扰。利用已有的方法与所提出的方案进行了比较。为了检验所提出方法的有效性,还通过敏感性分析进行了稳健性检验。利用积分绝对误差(IAE)和积分平方误差(ISE)对所提方案进行了量化评价。本文通过两个实际问题验证了该方案的有效性。所提出的方案的清澈性和本能的吸引力使其非常适合工业应用。
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引用次数: 0
Nonlinear autoregressive-moving average-L2 (NARMA-L2) controller for multivariable ball mill plant 多变量球磨厂非线性自回归移动平均l2 (NARMA-L2)控制器
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2021-0031
R. Bustamante, Beatriz S. M. Bastos, J. S. de Oliveira, B. F. Santos
Abstract Mineral processing facilities concern an enormous amount of dynamically complex unit operations (due to nonlinearities), for instance ball mill system. Normally, these processes need multivariable controllers to smooth actions by designing for plant constraints such as deadtimes and dynamics interactions. The present work presents a comparison between a classical PI and nonlinear moving average autoregressive-linearization level 2 (NARMA-L2) controllers based on artificial neural network (ANN) for a ball mill system. The manipulated variables of this plant are the rotation velocity (Vr) and the feeding weight (Wf), while the controlled parameters are the hold up (HU) and the mass fraction under 45 μm (P45). The simulation was built in the MATLAB software (Simulink), comparing the actions of PI and NARMA-L2 controllers in the face of operational changes in specific regions (constraints). The performance of proposed controllers was verified by the integral of absolute error (IAE), integral of squared error (ISE), or the integral of time-weighted absolute error (ITAE). The results of simulation showed the validity of the model obtained and the control technique proposed in this paper, which contributes to studies of multivariate controller designs for ball mills with significant applications. Additionally, this paper brings a first hybrid approach (PI/NARMA-L2) with successful implementation described in the literature.
摘要选矿设备涉及大量动态复杂的单元操作(由于非线性),例如球磨机系统。通常,这些过程需要多变量控制器,通过设计死区时间和动力学相互作用等约束条件来平滑动作。本文对球磨机系统的经典PI和基于人工神经网络的非线性移动平均自回归线性化2级(NARMA-L2)控制器进行了比较。该装置的操纵变量是转速(Vr)和进料重量(Wf),而控制参数是停留时间(HU)和45μm以下的质量分数(P45)。仿真是在MATLAB软件(Simulink)中建立的,比较了PI和NARMA-L2控制器在特定区域(约束)的操作变化时的动作。所提出的控制器的性能通过绝对误差积分(IAE)、平方误差积分(ISE)或时间加权绝对误差积分来验证。仿真结果表明了所建立的模型和所提出的控制技术的有效性,为研究具有重要应用价值的球磨机多变量控制器设计做出了贡献。此外,本文提出了第一种混合方法(PI/NARMA-L2),并在文献中描述了该方法的成功实现。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental and thermodynamic performance assessment of biomass gasification process for hydrogen production in a downdraft gasifier 下吸式气化器中生物质气化制氢过程的环境和热力学性能评估
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2021-0029
Tayebeh Marzoughi, F. Samimi, M. Rahimpour
Abstract Gasification is one of the most efficient techniques for sustainable hydrogen production from biomass. In this study, a comparative performance analysis of the gasification process using various types of biomass materials was undertaken via thermodynamic approach. Air, steam, and air/steam as the traditional gasifying agents were applied to provide an opportunity to choose the most proper agent in the process. This paper also evaluates the environmental impacts of the process in terms of CO2 emission by using Aspen Energy Analyzer. The effects of agent to biomass molar ratio, agent inlet temperature, moisture content of biomass material, and gasification temperature were estimated based on the producer gas compositions, hydrogen yield and heating values. The results indicate that the highest hydrogen yield (0.074 g H2/g biomass) was obtained in the steam gasification of plastic, while air gasification of paper generates the lowest one. It was also observed that manure is the most beneficial from environmental perspectives, while tire and plastic have the highest contribution to CO2 emission and consequently global warming. The higher values of hydrogen production and LHV of produced gas are associated respectively with using steam, air/steam, and air as the gasification agents. The lowest value of CO2 emission is obtained for air, air/steam, and steam as the gasifying agents, respectively.
摘要气化是生物质可持续制氢的最有效技术之一。在本研究中,通过热力学方法对使用各种类型生物质材料的气化过程进行了比较性能分析。应用空气、蒸汽和空气/蒸汽作为传统的气化剂,为在该过程中选择最合适的气化剂提供了机会。本文还使用Aspen Energy Analyzer从二氧化碳排放的角度评估了该工艺对环境的影响。基于生产商气体组成、氢气产量和热值,估计了药剂与生物质摩尔比、药剂入口温度、生物质材料的水分含量和气化温度的影响。结果表明,塑料的蒸汽气化产氢量最高(0.074gH2/g生物质),而纸张的空气气化产氢率最低。还观察到,从环境角度来看,粪肥是最有益的,而轮胎和塑料对二氧化碳排放和全球变暖的贡献最大。所产生的气体的氢气产量和LHV的较高值分别与使用蒸汽、空气/蒸汽和空气作为气化剂有关。对于作为气化剂的空气、空气/蒸汽和蒸汽,分别获得CO2排放的最低值。
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引用次数: 1
A comparative study of various Smith predictor configurations for industrial delay processes 工业延迟过程中各种Smith预估器配置的比较研究
IF 0.9 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2021-07-28 DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2021-0026
Vijaya Lakshmi Korupu, Manimozhi Muthukumarasamy
Abstract Efficient control of industrial delay processes is a challenging problem in the field of process control. Time delays are generally experienced in industrial processes from distance velocity lags, composition analysis loops, recycle time, mass, and energy transportation time. A high time delay adds a large phase lag to the system, thereby affecting the closed-loop control system stability and thus not easily controlled with PID approach. Smith predictor (SP) is a prominent technique based on process model for processes with high time delay. Unfortunately, the performance of SP deteriorates when the plant model is inaccurate. To overcome the problems related to conventional SP, various modifications have been suggested over the years in terms of structure alterations and controller parameters tuning improvements. This paper focuses on a comparative study of various Smith predictor configurations available in the literature for controlling inverse, integrating, stable and unstable industrial processes with time delay.
工业延迟过程的有效控制是过程控制领域的一个具有挑战性的问题。在工业过程中,时间延迟通常来自距离、速度滞后、成分分析循环、循环时间、质量和能量传输时间。大的时滞给系统增加了较大的相位滞后,从而影响闭环控制系统的稳定性,不易用PID方法控制。Smith预测器(SP)是一种基于过程模型的高时滞过程预测技术。不幸的是,当植物模型不准确时,SP的性能会下降。为了克服与传统SP相关的问题,多年来在结构改变和控制器参数调整方面提出了各种修改建议。本文重点比较研究了文献中用于控制时滞逆、积分、稳定和不稳定工业过程的各种Smith预测器配置。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Chemical Product and Process Modeling
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