Actividad Dietética最新文献

Malnutrition is still a significant worldwide health problem and is responsible for at least a third of the deaths of children under 5 years-old in the Third World. The magnitude of the problem makes it necessary to properly approach it, and this includes preventive and curative aspects.

This article is an attempt to review the proper management of malnutrition in the third world by distinguishing it from hospital management of complicated severe acute malnutrition and from outpatient treatment of uncomplicated severe malnutrition.

In parallel with the theoretical aspects, reference will be made to the professional experience of one of the authors as the person in charge of a rural hospital's paediatric service in the Democratic Republic of the Congo for 3 years, a service on which a nutrition centre depended.

Different examples of dietetic products made during the period 1850-1950 are listed, which allow the evolution of the concept and the types of formulations used to be seen. Some can be considered as true precursors of fully effective products of the present day, while others have a historical interest due to the peculiarity of their formulation, applications or even their names. In any case, the contribution of the Pharmacy to the development of this type of products stands out which, in turn, justifies the introduction of Bromatology in training pharmacists.

Objective

To evaluate the effect and reliability of several methods for evaluating the resting energy expenditure in overweight and obese adults in relation to the conventional indirect calorimetry used as a reference.

Methods

This cross study compares the resting energy expenditure values in men and women with obesity (CMI = 32.4) obtained using indirect calorimetry, fast evaluation formulas, a physical activity metabolic monitor and a portable indirect calorimetry device.

Results

Significant differences were found in all the methods used, depending on the sex. There was also a good correlation of them all with the indirect calorimetry, although some significant differences were observed among the methods used.

Conclusions

In order to obtain the REE in people with an excess of weight using such simple methods as the formulas, it seems more advisable to do so by adapting the weight. With regards to the new instruments which the health-care professional has, they reduce the measurement times and they are easier to handle, although perhaps they need to be adapted by the manufacturer to the different types of population. Even so, these methods show a good correlation with the indirect calorimetry.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system, which entails the gradual loss of the motor independence, the capacity to communicate orally, breathing (respiration) and swallowing (deglutition). The patient affected by ALS goes through different phases throughout the course of the disease, in each one of which he needs to be directed and guided to optimize the food intake through dietetic advice, nutritional supplementation and enteral tube feeding, preferably by gastrostomy, always taking into consideration the importance of making every possible effort to maintain the patient's independence and capacity to choose.

The objective of this review is to contribute to the updated knowledge on the dietetic and nutritional management of the patient affected by ALS, highlighting the importance of the dietician-nutritionist figure as a professional specialized in the subject and a member of any multi-disciplinary or inter-disciplinary treatment team focused on the patient with ALS to obtain an ideal treatment symptomatic of the problems related with nutritional deficits and dysphagia.