Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia最新文献

Microbes, that are beneficial to plants, the group of Rhizobacteria such as Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus sp. can serve as fertilizer, as a means of biological control of plant pathogens and can increase plant resistance. This study aimed to determine the activity of Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus sp. in promoting germination and seedling growth of tomato plants. This is experimental study using RBD basic design (Randomized Block Design). There are three treatments of tomato seed soaking time is 10, 20, and 30 minutes with 3 types of suspension that isolates of Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus sp., and a mixture of both these bacterial isolates. The study of tomato seed germination time showed that treatment of bacterial isolates is very real effect, where the control slower germination 2-3 days, while the treatment of both types of isolates germination between 4-5 days. Tomato seed treatment by soaking period of bacterial isolates between 10 to 30 minutes does not give a significantly different effect on the time of germination and growth of tomato seedlings. Isolate the Bacillus sp. tends to give a tomato seedling growing faster than the Pseudomonas spp. isolates, while a mixture of both isolate the bacteria does not give a different impression with a single treatment. Among the three treatment isolates showed no significant differences, except compared to control.

A total of 40 fish with average initial body weight 6.48±0.15 g and, were randomly stocked into eight glass aquaria. To illustrate the effect of four different levels (0.00; 0.50; 1.00 and 2.00%) of Alpinia meal as a feed additive on the performance, nutritional and physiological parameters of Nile tilapia fingerlings. Each diet was fed two randomly duplicate aquaria for 12 weeks where each aquarium was stocked with 10 fish. Fish in all treatments were daily fed the experimental diets at a level of 20, 15, 10, 5, 3 and 3% of the (BW) daily for the 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10 and 11-12 week and fish fed 2 times daily in equal proportions. Feeding was performed for six consecutive days with no food being given on the seventh day when the fish were weighed.

Results showed that lower final body weight in Nile tilapia fish which fed on control diet compared to the different levels used. Results showed that fish fed on diet (2), containing 0.05% Alpinia meal a good increase in body weight and growth rates compared to other treatments, respectively. The rate of feed conversion, the utilization rate, productivity of the protein and efficient use of energy were the same, the fish fed on a diet (2) was the lowest one, the levels tend to a dropping with increased levels of Alpinia meal and the differences between treatments were significant. Also, data indicated that, there were no significant differences (P< 0.05) between all treatments in dry matter content, crude protein, ether extract, ash and energy content. For physiological parameters showed that no significant differences (P <0.05) in plasma total protein, plasma albumin and plasma total globulins of fish fed the experimental diets in comparison with the control diet.

The main land use in the lower Pak Phanang river basin is intensive paddy production. It is also promoted as a commercial rice farming zone by the Royal Project. The objective of this study, hence, was to identify the appropriate sustainability indicators for assessing and monitoring this area under the ASEAN community. This evaluation comprised of the diagnosis of problems, the analysis of stakeholders and the description of Land Utilization Types (LUTs). This lead to the diagnostic criteria weighting, indicators of development and sustainability by the participatory approaches. The data were collected through literature reviews, structure-questionnaire, focus group discussion with local stakeholders and individual interviews using the techniques of Participatory Rapid Appraisal and conceptual content analysis. This resulted in the diagnostic criteria following the framework for evaluating sustainable land management, which are productivity, security, protection, viability, and acceptability. There are a number of indicators with 22 items. The sustainability indicators in this study can be applied and evaluated in intensive paddy production areas which may lead to a strategy plan and greater sustainability in the future.

With the increased globalization of the wine industry comes the need for in-depth examinations of emerging consumer segments. The current study approaches the topic of sustainability from the consumer viewpoint. Specifically, the current paper focuses on an emerging yet sizeable market of consumers - Hispanic wine consumers in the United States. Consumer data were collected via in-person intercepts at retail stores that predominately target Hispanic consumers. Findings suggest that Hispanic consumers drink wine fairly frequently, with the majority of the sample reporting wine consumption at least once a week. Slightly over half of the sample prefers red and dry wine, but about forty percent give preferences to sweet wine. Hispanic consumers perceive wine as a drink to be consumed at home, rather than in a restaurant or a bar. Price was named as the top purchase driver, followed by personal preferences and friend's recommendations.

Sustainable development is an important dimension for business incubators to improve tenant-businesses in the coffee value chain. This study focuses on business incubators addressing social and economic dimensions of sustainability in developing countries. Business incubators are perceived as important mechanisms for sustainable development as they involve relevant stakeholders and activities to interact each other. Prior research highlights the gap of theoretical explanation to understand business incubators linked to sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual approach based on resource dependence theory to better understand strategies in interdependencies to address power imbalance issues of business incubators in developing countries. Strategies such as integration and coordination should be implemented in the incubator management to increase mutual dependencies and improve relationships to secure resources, thereby, providing quality services for tenants. Relationships with relevant partner organizations such as universities, business centers, and public research organizations represent opportunities for business incubators in boosting sustainable business development.

Wildlife management in agroforestry territory has become particularly complex in recent years because of the increase of animal density. This study proposes a review of the literature on the impact of wildlife in many areas of the world. In particular, it examines the negative effects due to the strong growth of wildlife populations and consequently the loss of the balance of agricultural and forest ecosystems. A second portion of the study shows the results of an investigation related to the rural area of the Region of Tuscany: Recreation-Opportunity-Spectrum - ROS (North American Methodology) implemented in Geographical Information System - GIS, is used with the aim of determining suitable areas for damages by wild animals. The final goal of the paper is to highlight some possible choices to be adopted by Stakeholders in order to bring the phenomenon within the limits of sustainability.

After a period of progressive abandonment of cultivation, the wine growers of the Etna initiated a process of renewal that allowed them to place high quality products on the market and to involve in wine tourism with the Etna Wine Route. In this context, the viticulture of the Etna is a model, which has become a strategic component of rural sustainable development and improvement of local tourism. In this study we implemented the Strategic Orientation Round (SOR) integrated in the SWOT analysis, a qualitative approach aimed to create awareness and promote action as prioritized by the stakeholders. We argue that the key requirement of the Etna Wine Route effective management for wine tourism development is the stakeholder involvement in generating ideas and developing products and services. In the case of EWR the major problems among the actors concern the distribution of commitments and the ability to focus on marketing strategies. Marketing alliance between the different elements of tourism could offer greater flexibility in choice, contributing to the development of the image of the area. The study shows that the SOR analysis is an effective tool to interpret the planning of tourism development of the EWR in a participatory way.

In recent years there is an ever greater attention toward the theme of social responsibility, especially from the agriculture and agri-food sector, whose typical features, i.e. the link with the land, the role of tradition and the defence of nature and environment, are closer to this theme. Thus, social environmental issues have become an essential part of the agricultural policy's objectives.

In this context, we can observe a growing interest by the consumers towards the short food supply chain, which allows the recovery of the direct relationship and the consolidation of relations between producers and consumers.

The short food supply chain creates the awareness among producers and consumers having common goals and drives them to find new forms of meeting, exchange and collaboration with the direct sale. Thus, the aim is to create some organizational models for the development of new forms of marketing of short chain, by responding to the purpose of ensuring a competitive development of the fruit and vegetable chain and of the reference area.

In order to develop these reflections, we realized a case study on the “Orto in condominio” an experience similar to the “box scheme” realized in Campania region by the producers’ organization Terra Orti.

This study aimed to investigate antioxidative activities of various fractions of Abelmoschus manihot leaf extract. The fractions were separated based on polarity and the antioxidant activities of each of them were determined. The leaves were extracted using hexane, acetone and methanol serially. The extract was separated by column chromatography using ethyl acetate-methanol gradient elution as mobile phase and silica gel G-60 as the stationary phase, and resulted in five fractions. The antioxidative activities was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelating, and singlet oxygen quenching. Results showed that the fourth fraction had the highest total phenolics and flavonoids content of 297.43±0.48 mg GAE/g extract and 117.31±0.38 mg quercetin quivalen/g extract, respectively, and showed the highest antioxidative activities.

An analysis of winter injury to 45 new Romanian grapevine cultivars for table grapes and for white and red wines was performed as a result of the severe winter 2014-2015, with minimum air temperature of -20.8 °C (on the 8^th of January). There were used 9 widespread varieties in Romania as controls. The research was performed in the plantation - collection of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest (44°46’N, 26°06’E, 91 m). There was determined the viability of primary and secondary buds in winter eye. In relation to these low temperatures, a better resistance, assessed on the basis of the percentage of primary and secondary viable buds, proved the varieties: Napoca, Milcov, Greaca, Xenia, Şarba, Crâmpoşie selecţionată, Columna, Novac; as well as controls: Chasselas doré, Muscat de Hamburg, Riesling italian, Fetească albă, Cabernet Sauvignon. Varieties Călina, Transilvania, Triumf, Victoria, Blasius and Selena, proved to be sensitive to low temperatures. It is necessary to have a territorial distribution of cultivars according to their resistance to frost and the application of differentiated pruning to compensate the losses.