Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia最新文献

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, with high individual, social and economic costs. Diet has been identified as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and stroke in several large epidemiological studies. The evaluation of foods groups and dietary patterns provides a more realistic representation of actual dietary intake, and gives clues to developing guidelines aimed at general population. We review the role of Mediterranean diet, fruit and vegetables, and olive oil consumption, on the risk of stroke and other vascular outcomes. Findings from major studies indicate that, together with a healthy lifestyle, the traditional Mediterranean way of eating, including social and cultural components, and inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO, may be considered a cost-effective intervention to reduce the human, social and economic burden of stroke and cardiovascular disease.

The promotion of renewable energy represents a target of the European 2020 strategy for growth.

Plant biomass and organic wastes from agriculture represent an effective resource to be exploited for a sustainable rural development, optimizing the land use, diversifying rural entrepreneurship.

Cereals are considered a promising biomass producing crop in temperate regions of Europe to be used for both fuel alcohol and biogas production.

In particular, triticale shows a number of advantages such as high grain yield even in marginal environments, tolerance to drought, tolerance to more acid soils, low susceptibility to biotic stresses and is known to have reduced production costs.

The characteristics of triticale were reviewed, focusing on bio-energy applications.

Furthermore, data from a two-year experiment carried out in Italy using nine triticale lines grown in marginal areas close to Bracciano, Italy, were reported. A bread wheat variety selected for bio-energy application, EW9, were also included for a more complete analysis. Traits such as day-to-heading, plant height, number of plants, number of spikes, grain yields were analysed. Preliminary results concerning biogas potential of biomass consisting of triticale hay harvested at milky-dough phase were also measured and results are reported.

In 2015, the researchers of the Fish Culture Research and DevelopmentStation of Nucet have experienced a combined intensive-extensive system (I.E.S.) for fish growing, that aimed a complex recovery of the fishery potential from water basins. Fish population in the extensive system (EC3 Nucet pond - 3.8 ha) was constituted from: carp (Cyprinus carpio) - 300 ex.; North American sturgeon - paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) - 125 ex.; Asian Ciprinidae: silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) - 530 ex. and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) - 185 ex. The combined intensive-extensive system (I.E.S.) was located in the fish growing pond. The module is composed from 8 floating cages (6 x 6 x 2 m each one), module surface was 288 square meters and total volume / module was 576 cubic meters. Stocking density in the intensive system was 500 ex. carps 1 year old / floating cage (4000 ex./module). In the moment when the floating cages were stocked, the average weight of carps was 150 g/ex., resulting in a total quantity of 600 kg/module. Total production obtained was 3267 kg/module (3.803 ex.; 95% survival rate) on average 408 kg carp / floating cage, without any additional technological interventions. The fish were fed with floating feed (32% protein) and conversion rate (FCR) was 1.37%. The fish were clinically healthy,on the length of the entire experiment, and the quality of aquatic environment was within the rules of good practice for aquaculture.

The world turns quickly in the current phase of globalization, and the themes of sustainable development are part of this transformation. In this context the territory plays a fundamental role. The importance of the territory is underlined especially in cases of natural disasters that cause serious damage both material and social, thus affecting the wellbeing of entire communities. It is time to change significantly the way to govern the problem. The territory must be preserved, managed and promoted with an holistic approach so that it can deploy to local population the full potential of intelligent and cognitive system based on the new paradigm of the tradi-ovation. This work introduce a new approach which can address new generations to understand the territory for a new era of people wellbeing.

Kenitu or star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) is widely used as traditional remedy for inflammation, cancer, and diabetes mellitus. Leaves of four type of kenitu were extracted with different solvents, i.e., 96% of ethanol, 70% of ethanol, 50% of ethanol, 96% of acetonee, 70% of acetone, and 50% of acetone. The extracts have been screened for antioxidant activities using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content. The study showed that 70% of ethanol extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. The type 2 samples exhibited the highest total phenolic content, while type 1 samples had the highest total flavonoid content.

Dependence of most Indonesian people on rice as their staple food would be very detrimental when the government is unable to meet its needs. Therefore, there must be food substitutes that come from local commodities, which are cheap and easily available, namely cassava. The problems is, that local food substitutes of rice constrained by the relatively more complex processing. This study aims to identify the variety of processed food and processed food industry characteristics based on cassava. The location determined by purposive research was Trenggalek, Tulungagung and Malang Regency, which was the center casava production. The research sample was determined by snowball sampling method. The data analysis used descriptive analysis. The study showed that the variety of processed food based on cassava that were found in the area of research is jemblem, sawut, lupis, tiwul, gatot and lemet. This processed food industry had the characteristics: the amount of labor done by 1-3 people and comes from a family of his own; using very simple technology; the resources are relatively few, 1-5 kg once the production process; capital comes from their own money as the amount was relatively small; local area marketing; and product oriented based businness.

The current intensification of the use of plastic materials in agriculture, although has increased significantly the productivity, is also generating growing adverse effects on the environment of the agro-ecosystem. The agriculture is responsible for a massive use of plastic materials, in addition to energy and water inputs, chemical fertilizer and pesticides. Besides the pollution generated during the manufacture, at the end of their lifetime plastic materials used for crop covering, soil mulching, packaging, containers, pots, irrigation and drainage pipes, may became a pollution source when improperly disposed, leaved on the ground or burned. Instead the agricultural plastic waste (APW), if correctly collected, can be used as a new secondary raw material or as an energy source. An adequate APW management can prevent economical losses and environmental damages.

The territory of the Barletta, Andria, Trani Province (BAT), in the Apulia Region, South Italy, is an agricultural area characterized by vineyards, olive groves, orchards and vegetables; it represents an area of intense production of plastic wastes and with a widespread problem linked to the application of unacceptable disposal practices.

The goal of this study is to define and quantify the different types of plastic waste produced by the agricultural practice in a restricted area of the municipal area of Trani and Barletta, to localize the points where the most remarkable quantities of them are generated, and to provide the local Authorities and the decision makers of a useful tool for implementing an efficient and effective waste management. A dedicated geo-referenced database was designed using land use maps in a GIS environment and applying a methodology that can be functional for any kind of agricultural plastic waste. The resulting database gives updated and complete information on the plastic waste generation, over the land, related to the cultivation kind.

In sub-system of Indonesian agribusiness, fruit processing industries are major component of agroindustrial activities. In term of economic development, these fruit processing industries contribute significant amount to employment and income generation. The objective of this research was to evaluate present condition of procurement system as a part of supply chain management in fruit processing industries. Based on a purposive sample survey in in East Java province, Indonesia, this research paper illustrated raw material procurement factors and problems encountered in these fruit processing industries. The data used for analysis was obtained through a survey conducted in the study area. Direct visit to 63 the fruit processing industries and discussion with key persons were implemented to reach deep information. Most fruit processing industries used more than one raw material supplier to reach more alternatives and more guarantees to procure large quantity of raw material. Most of big industries used contract system in raw material procurement to reduce risk because of large amount of raw material requirement for large number of production. Continuity and resource of raw material were identified as very strong and strong factors in raw material procurement of fruit processing industries.

Solar energy is one of the free and clean sources of energy supply without any destructive influence on the environment. Solar energy has been used in different forms for a long time. Concentrators of solar radiation can be used to produce unlimited, clean and free energy and save fossil fuels considerably. One of important applications of solar energy is to manufacture solar wood drying units. Iran has been located in an appropriate situation in the world with respect to receiving solar energy. The aim of the present paper is to propose a multicriteria methodological approach based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) useful for the “Determination of Effective Criteria on Site Selection for Solar Wood Drying Units in Iran”. The methodological approach is divided in 3 steps. In first step experts of kiln wood drying were interviewed for preliminary investigation. In the second step, hierarchy of criteria was designed and weighing values of them were calculated by Analytic Hierarchy Process. Finally, in the third step, model was used rating for prioritizing capable provinces. Results showed that Qom province, with average temperature, has the highest priority as a criterion and alternative.

With the increased globalization of the wine industry comes the need for in-depth examinations of emerging consumer segments. The current study approaches the topic of sustainability from the consumer viewpoint. Specifically, the current paper focuses on an emerging yet sizeable market of consumers - Hispanic wine consumers in the United States. Consumer data were collected via in-person intercepts at retail stores that predominately target Hispanic consumers. Findings suggest that Hispanic consumers drink wine fairly frequently, with the majority of the sample reporting wine consumption at least once a week. Slightly over half of the sample prefers red and dry wine, but about forty percent give preferences to sweet wine. Hispanic consumers perceive wine as a drink to be consumed at home, rather than in a restaurant or a bar. Price was named as the top purchase driver, followed by personal preferences and friend's recommendations.