Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications最新文献_第10页

Corrigendum to “From waste to wealth: Advancing sustainability with state-of-the-art progress of cellulose nanocrystals and its composites for biomedical applications: A review” [Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications 11 (2025) 1–41/100974] “从废物到财富：纤维素纳米晶体及其复合材料在生物医学应用中的最新进展：综述”的勘误表[碳水化合物聚合物技术与应用11 (2025)1-41/100974]

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101049

Collince Omondi Awere , Zeeshan Hyderi , Valentine Chikaodili Anadebe , Pandiyan Muthuramalingam , Hyunsuk Shin , Eunice Wamuyu Githae , Eno E. Ebenso , Arumugam Veera Ravi , Manikandan Ramesh

引用次数: 0

Synthesis of Xanthan Gum/Guar Gum/Halloysite nanotubes pH-sensitive hydrogel nanocomposite for controlled release of Quercetin 黄原胶/瓜尔胶/高岭土纳米管ph敏感水凝胶纳米复合材料的合成及其对槲皮素的控释作用

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101060

Negin Nazifi , Mehrab Pourmadadi , Ali Maleki , Majid Abdouss

Developing efficient and pH-sensitive drug delivery systems can facilitate the expedited and cost-effective treatment of cancer, a leading global cause of mortality. A nanocarrier composed of xanthan gum, guar gum, and halloysite nanotubes was prepared via a double nanoemulsion approach and applied to achieve sustained and pH-responsive quercetin release. This system can deliver quercetin to the required site in a controlled way. The presence of each component (HNTs, GG, XG) and the interactions between them were confirmed through FT-IR spectroscopy results. The crystalline structure and related characteristics for each component and the nanocarrier were determined by studying and analyzing XRD. The FE-SEM images indicated that the nanocomposite possesses a hydrogel morphology along with an average particle size of 193 nm. The nanocomposite, moreover, exhibited excellent stability, possessing a surface charge of +43 mV. The addition of HNTs led to improved entrapment and loading efficacy for the drugs, from 70.50 % to 84.75 % and from 36 % to 45.5 %, in contrast to the system containing no HNT. In addition to that, the addition of the polymers XG and GG enhanced the pH sensitivity for the nanocarrier and the release behavior for quercetin (QC), as in vitro experiment results testified. Furthermore, by the study of various kinetic models, the release kinetics for the drugs were determined. MTT assay revealed the nanocarrier to possess significant cytotoxic activity against the HepG2 cancerous cells. While the in vitro results effectively confirm the therapeutic performance of the nanocarrier, their translation to in vivo conditions, unlike in vitro, where the drug interacts directly with the target cells, is influenced by biological factors such as bioavailability, biodistribution, and route of administration. Overall, considering all the obtained results, the GG/XG/HNTs@QC nanocarrier can act effectively in the tumor tissue environment by responding appropriately to pH.

开发高效和ph敏感的药物输送系统可以促进快速和具有成本效益的癌症治疗，这是全球主要的死亡原因。采用双纳米乳法制备了由黄原胶、瓜尔胶和高岭土纳米管组成的纳米载体，并应用于槲皮素的持续释放和ph响应。该系统可以将槲皮素以可控的方式输送到所需的部位。FT-IR结果证实了各组分（HNTs、GG、XG）的存在及其相互作用。通过XRD研究和分析，确定了各组分和纳米载体的晶体结构及相关特性。FE-SEM图像表明，该纳米复合材料具有水凝胶形态，平均粒径为193 nm。此外，纳米复合材料表现出优异的稳定性，表面电荷为+43 mV。与不含HNT的系统相比，加入HNT可提高药物的包裹率和装载效率，从70.50%提高到84.75%，从36%提高到45.5%。此外，体外实验结果表明，聚合物XG和GG的加入增强了纳米载体的pH敏感性和槲皮素（QC）的释放行为。此外，通过各种动力学模型的研究，确定了药物的释放动力学。MTT实验显示纳米载体对HepG2癌细胞具有显著的细胞毒活性。虽然体外结果有效地证实了纳米载体的治疗性能，但它们在体内的转化与体外药物直接与靶细胞相互作用不同，受到生物利用度、生物分布和给药途径等生物因素的影响。综上所述，GG/XG/HNTs@QC纳米载体通过对pH值的适当响应，能够在肿瘤组织环境中有效发挥作用。

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引用次数: 0

Development of a Thiolated Carboxymethyl tara gum derivative with enhanced mucoadhesive and rheological behavior 具有增强黏附性和流变性质的硫代羧甲基塔拉胶衍生物的研制

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101050

Manuel Pariguana , Liz Gonzalez , Clément de Loubens , Esteban Vargas , Adolfo Marican , Ricardo Castro , Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas , Esteban F. Durán-Lara

The rational design of thiolated polysaccharides offers new opportunities to enhance the performance of gastroretentive drug delivery systems by improving mucoadhesive and rheological properties. In this study, thiolated carboxymethyl tara gum (CMTG-SH) was synthesized and optimized (DSSH ≈ 0.9; 2.88 mmol g^-1 of thiols) as a novel, sustainable biopolymer. Structural characterization (FTIR, ¹HNMR , DSC/TGA, SEM, rheology) confirmed successful thiolation and revealed microstructural and thermal modifications. CMTG-SH showed pH-responsive solubility, increasing from 7 to 12 mg mL^-1 (pH 2–3) to 17–40 mg mL^-1 (pH 5–6). Oscillatory rheology demonstrated predominant elastic behavior, and mixtures with mucin (1:2 w/w) exhibited a 40-fold increase in storage modulus (ΔG′/G′ = 39.4 ± 2.6 Pa at pH 6.8) and a maximum bioadhesive force (Fbio = 12.9), evidencing strong synergistic interactions. Even under acidic conditions (pH 4.0), positive reinforcement persisted (ΔG′ = 24.9 ± 2.1 Pa). These results establish CMTG-SH as a robust and sustainable thiomer with significant translational potential for gastroretentive and mucosal drug delivery applications.

巯基多糖的合理设计为通过改善黏附性和流变性能来提高胃保留性给药系统的性能提供了新的机会。本研究合成并优化了硫代羧甲基塔拉胶（CMTG-SH）（DSSH≈0.9；2.88 mmol g-1的硫醇）作为一种新型的可持续生物聚合物。结构表征（FTIR, 1HNMR, DSC/TGA， SEM，流变学）证实了硫基化的成功，并揭示了微观结构和热修饰。CMTG-SH表现出pH响应性溶解度，从7 ~ 12 mg mL-1 （pH 2 ~ 3）增加到17 ~ 40 mg mL-1 （pH 5 ~ 6）。振荡流变学表现出主要的弹性行为，与粘蛋白（1:2 w/w）的混合物显示出40倍的存储模量增加（ΔG ' /G ' = 39.4±2.6 Pa， pH值为6.8）和最大的生物粘附力（Fbio = 12.9），证明了强大的协同作用。即使在酸性条件下（pH 4.0），正强化仍然存在（ΔG ' = 24.9±2.1 Pa）。这些结果表明，CMTG-SH是一种稳健且可持续的硫聚体，在胃保留和粘膜药物递送应用中具有重要的转化潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Alginate-Based cryogenic Bi-nozzle 3D printed hierarchical porous scaffold for accelerating granulation tissue regeneration in exposed bone wounds 海藻酸盐低温双喷嘴3D打印分级多孔支架加速暴露骨伤口肉芽组织再生

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101052

Jiheng Xiao , Tianqi Liu , Wentian Wang , Hao Liu , Wei Chang , Yiran Zhang , Xianglin Zhang , Yingze Zhang , Bin Wu , Liming Xiong

The exposed bone wound is defined as a kind of wound with bone denuded of periosteum and the deficiency of full-thickness skin and muscles. The wound have no matrix microenvironment and is prone to infection and, hence, hard to heal. Granulation tissue is significant during wound healing, providing a matrix and resisting infection. 3D printing is adopted to fabricate dermis and epidermis regeneration. However, the porosity of most 3D-printed scaffolds is low, leading to a poor drug-loading capacity. To address these limitations, this study developed an alginate-based hierarchical porous scaffold fabricated via cryogenic bi-nozzle 3D printing, enabling dual-factor spatial delivery of VEGF and LL-37 to simultaneously promote angiogenesis and immunomodulation. The alternating dual nozzle printing allows the scaffolds to carry two biological factors with spatial distribution while maintaining the structure integrity. In vitro studies demonstrated enhanced tube formation and endothelial migration, while in vivo implantation in rabbit exposed bone wounds revealed accelerated granulation tissue regeneration and re-epithelialization. The drug-loaded scaffolds can induce the tube formation of vascular endothelial cells, assist inflammatory cells in resisting infection, and ultimately form a fully functional granulation tissue. These results demonstrate the potential clinical applicability of this immunomodulatory dual-factor scaffold for challenging exposed bone wound repair.

外露骨创面是指骨骨膜脱落，缺乏全层皮肤和肌肉的创面。创面无基质微环境，易感染，难以愈合。肉芽组织在伤口愈合过程中是重要的，提供基质和抵抗感染。采用3D打印技术制造真皮和表皮再生。然而，大多数3d打印支架的孔隙度较低，导致其载药能力较差。为了解决这些限制，本研究开发了一种基于海藻酸盐的分层多孔支架，通过低温双喷嘴3D打印制造，使VEGF和LL-37的双因子空间递送同时促进血管生成和免疫调节。交替的双喷嘴打印使支架在保持结构完整性的同时可以携带两种具有空间分布的生物因子。体外研究表明，试管形成和内皮细胞迁移增强，而在兔暴露的骨伤口体内植入显示加速肉芽组织再生和再上皮化。载药支架可诱导血管内皮细胞成管，辅助炎症细胞抵抗感染，最终形成功能齐全的肉芽组织。这些结果证明了这种免疫调节双因子支架在挑战外露骨伤口修复中的潜在临床适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Composite PCL-chitosan scaffolds with dual porosity fabricated via additive manufacturing technique for tissue engineering and regenerative purposes 利用增材制造技术制备具有双重孔隙度的聚氯乙烯-壳聚糖复合支架，用于组织工程和再生

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101056

Ghazal Ahmadian , Maryam Tamimi , Morteza Behzadnasab , Mojgan Zandi , Mohamad Pezeshki-Modaress

During advances in tissue engineering, the morphological aspects of scaffolds, involving pore size and porosity, have been of great importance. Despite all improvements, the challenging issue associated with the constraints of manipulating scaffold architecture using typical fabrication techniques has remained. Regarding this issue, fused deposition modeling, combined with porogen leaching, is a promising approach to enhance pore size and porosity. Using combinatorial methods, we aimed to design composite scaffolds with dual porosity using PCL as a base polymer. Results revealed that the dual pore created after leaching could increase the porosity of constructs, especially PP20CS50W (80.1 ± 0.1), which showed a positive effect on the cellular behavior, as validated by the MTS test and SEM. The combination of PCL with other components could also improve the hydrophilicity of the construct. Furthermore, in vivo investigation revealed that PP20CS50W exhibited higher angiogenesis and fibrotic thickness compared to the others, possibly due to its higher porosity and a successful graft-host response, respectively. It can be concluded that the composite with dual porosity is preferred over the widely used PCL for tissue engineering studies. In addition, this combined methodology, accompanied by dual porosity, may hold promise for future improvements in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

在组织工程的进展中，支架的形态学方面，包括孔径和孔隙率，已经变得非常重要。尽管有了这些改进，但与使用典型制造技术操纵支架结构的限制相关的挑战性问题仍然存在。针对这一问题，熔融沉积建模与孔隙浸出相结合是一种很有前景的提高孔隙大小和孔隙度的方法。采用组合方法，设计了以PCL为基材的双孔复合支架。结果表明，浸出后形成的双孔可以增加构建物的孔隙率，特别是PP20CS50W(80.1±0.1)，对细胞行为有积极影响，MTS测试和SEM验证了这一点。PCL与其他组分的结合也能提高构建物的亲水性。此外，体内研究显示，PP20CS50W比其他材料表现出更高的血管生成和纤维化厚度，这可能是由于其更高的孔隙率和成功的移植物-宿主反应。因此，双孔复合材料在组织工程研究中优于广泛使用的聚氯乙烯。此外，这种结合的方法，伴随着双重孔隙度，可能为未来组织工程和再生医学的改进带来希望。

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引用次数: 0

Formulation and statistical optimization of Salvia hispanica L. Seed Polysaccharide/ chitosan nanoparticles for targeted delivery of quercetin in osteosarcoma 鼠尾草种子多糖/壳聚糖纳米颗粒靶向递送槲皮素骨肉瘤的配方及统计优化

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101059

Sara Hasan , Nazrul Islam , Derek Richard , Tony Wang , Emad. L. Izake

Achieving controlled drug release within the tumour microenvironment remains a major barrier to effective chemotherapy. The present study demonstrates the development of a low-cost, biodegradable nanocarrier that responds selectively to acidic tumour conditions, providing a safer alternative to current delivery systems. The hybrid nanoparticles were developed by the self-assembly of chitosan and Salvia hispanica L. seed polysaccharide, which combines the biocompatibility of natural polymers with intrinsic pH sensitivity. A bioactive flavonoid, quercetin, was successfully encapsulated within chitosan and Salvia hispanica L. seed polysaccharide nanoparticles with an efficiency of 78.8 %. The fabricated nanoparticles had a size of 212 nm, an optimal size for passive tumour accumulation through the enhanced permeation and retention effect. A pH-responsive behaviour was observed, with significantly higher release calculated at pH 5.5 (acidic tumor microenvironment) compared to physiological pH 7.4. The kinetic modelling of release profile identified anomalous diffusion as the dominant mechanism under acidic conditions, while fickian diffusion was observed at physiological pH. The cell inhibition potential of quercetin loaded nanoparticles was assessed in U2OS osteosarcoma model. The cell viability assay confirmed that quercetin loaded nanoparticles retained potent metabolic inhibition, indicative of preserved bioactivity of quercetin post-encapsulation.

在肿瘤微环境中控制药物释放仍然是有效化疗的主要障碍。目前的研究展示了一种低成本、可生物降解的纳米载体的发展，这种纳米载体对酸性肿瘤条件有选择性的反应，为目前的输送系统提供了一种更安全的替代方案。将壳聚糖与鼠尾草种子多糖自组装而成的杂化纳米粒子，结合了天然聚合物的生物相容性和固有的pH敏感性。将槲皮素包被壳聚糖和丹参种子多糖纳米颗粒，包被率为78.8%。制备的纳米颗粒的尺寸为212纳米，通过增强的渗透和滞留效应，这是被动肿瘤积累的最佳尺寸。观察到pH响应行为，与生理pH 7.4相比，pH 5.5（酸性肿瘤微环境）计算的释放量显着更高。在酸性条件下，槲皮素的主要释放机制是异常扩散，而在生理ph下，槲皮素的主要释放机制是动态扩散。在U2OS骨肉瘤模型中，槲皮素纳米颗粒的细胞抑制潜力被评估。细胞活力实验证实，负载槲皮素的纳米颗粒保留了有效的代谢抑制作用，表明槲皮素包封后的生物活性得到了保留。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular mechanisms of the structures, interactions, and mechanical properties of methacrylate-modified gellan gum 甲基丙烯酸酯改性结冷胶的结构、相互作用和力学性能的分子机制

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101057

Wei-Yuan Chiu , Wan-Ting Lee , Jiashing Yu , Chia-Ching Chou

Gellan gum is a highly biocompatible and mechanically tunable material for tissue engineering applications. Upon modification with N-succinimidyl methacrylate, gellan gum forms a photocrosslinkable hydrogel. Specifically, increasing concentration and the degree of methacrylate substitution strengthen both the mechanical properties and biological characteristics. In this study, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how concentrations and degrees of methacrylate substitution affect the molecular structure, interactions, and mechanical properties of methacrylate-modified gellan gum. Both unmodified and methacrylate-modified gellan gum chains adopted relatively extended conformations. However, higher concentrations favored denser, entangled structures. Increasing the methacrylate substitution from 16.7 % to 33.3 % promoted steric effects that reduced chain folding, yielding more extended conformations, and thus enhanced the mechanical property. At 50 % methacrylate substitution, the strong methacrylate interactions and increased crosslink density led to recoiled conformations, reduced load-transfer efficiency, and decreased mechanical performance. Hydrogen bonding analysis revealed that higher substitution increased intramolecular hydrogen bonding but reduced intermolecular interactions, especially at higher concentrations. These findings highlight the balance between molecular conformation, crosslinking density, and hydrogen bonding in determining the mechanical behavior of gellan gum. The results provide a molecular-level design mechanism for tuning methacrylate substitution to achieve desired properties in biomedical hydrogels for bioengineering applications.

结冷胶是一种高度生物相容性和机械可调的组织工程应用材料。经n -丁二酰甲基丙烯酸酯修饰后，结冷胶形成光交联水凝胶。具体地说，增加浓度和甲基丙烯酸酯取代的程度加强了机械性能和生物学特性。在这项研究中，我们采用分子动力学模拟来研究甲基丙烯酸酯取代的浓度和程度如何影响甲基丙烯酸酯修饰的结冷胶的分子结构、相互作用和力学性能。未改性和甲基丙烯酸酯改性的结冷胶链均采用相对扩展的构象。然而，更高的浓度有利于密度更大的纠缠结构。将甲基丙烯酸酯取代率从16.7%提高到33.3%，可以促进位阻效应，减少链折叠，产生更大的延伸构象，从而提高力学性能。在50%的甲基丙烯酸酯取代下，甲基丙烯酸酯的强相互作用和交联密度的增加导致了反冲构象，降低了负载传递效率，降低了机械性能。氢键分析表明，较高的取代增加了分子内的氢键，但减少了分子间的相互作用，特别是在较高的浓度下。这些发现强调了分子构象、交联密度和氢键之间的平衡，以确定结冷胶的力学行为。研究结果提供了一种分子水平的设计机制，用于调节甲基丙烯酸酯取代，以实现生物工程应用中生物医学水凝胶所需的性能。

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引用次数: 0

Compatibilization strategies and mechanical performances of starch-based blends for sustainable packaging 可持续包装中淀粉基共混物的增容策略和机械性能

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101051

Sangwoo Kwon , Gunhee Park , Hyunho Jang , Su-il Park

Starch-based biodegradable polymer blends are promising candidates for sustainable packaging, pairing renewability and biodegradability with reducing environmental burdens. However, thermoplastic starch is hindered by inherent hydrophilicity, limited mechanical strength, and high moisture sensitivity. Moreover, the intrinsic incompatibility between starch and biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic acid) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) leads to poor interfacial adhesion, phase separation, and reduced mechanical integrity. Addressing this interfacial disparity is therefore essential to achieving performance levels suitable for large-scale packaging applications. This review systematically evaluates recent advances in compatibilization strategies for starch-based biodegradable polymer blends, which are categorized into three major classes, namely, physical, reactive, and hybrid nanofiller-assisted approaches. Each strategy is analyzed in terms of its interfacial mechanisms and their effects on morphological evolution and overall mechanical performance. Emerging green compatibilization pathways, including deep eutectic solvent (DES)-assisted and bio-derived systems, are also assessed for their potential to reconcile environmental sustainability with industrial scalability. Reactive and hybrid methods generally provide superior interfacial stability and mechanical reinforcement, though challenges persist regarding processing control, scalability, and biodegradability preservation. Collectively, these insights establish a framework for designing high-performance starch-based blends that integrate structural functionality with sustainable processing, accelerating their transition from laboratory-scale concepts to practical, low-carbon packaging solutions.

淀粉基可生物降解聚合物混合物是可持续包装的有前途的候选人，将可再生性和生物降解性与减少环境负担相结合。然而，热塑性淀粉受到固有的亲水性、有限的机械强度和高水分敏感性的阻碍。此外，淀粉与生物可降解聚合物（如聚乳酸和聚己二酸丁二酯）之间固有的不相容性导致界面粘附不良、相分离和机械完整性降低。因此，解决这种接口差异对于实现适合大规模封装应用的性能水平至关重要。本文系统地评价了淀粉基可生物降解聚合物共混物的增容策略的最新进展，将其分为三大类，即物理、反应和混合纳米填料辅助方法。分析了每种策略的界面机制及其对形态演化和整体力学性能的影响。新兴的绿色增容途径，包括深度共晶溶剂（DES）辅助和生物衍生系统，也被评估为它们调和环境可持续性和工业可扩展性的潜力。反应性和混合性方法通常提供优越的界面稳定性和机械强化，尽管在处理控制、可扩展性和生物降解性保存方面仍然存在挑战。总的来说，这些见解为设计高性能淀粉基混合物建立了一个框架，该框架将结构功能与可持续加工相结合，加速了它们从实验室规模的概念向实用的低碳包装解决方案的过渡。

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引用次数: 0

In vitro evaluation of bioinspired PEC/Zein/ZnO nanocarriers for pH-responsive curcumin delivery in colorectal cancer therapy 生物激发PEC/Zein/ZnO纳米载体对ph响应性姜黄素在结直肠癌治疗中的体外评价

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101044

Mehrab Pourmadadi , Fateme Fallahi , Melika Alesheikh , Salar Mohammadi Shabestari , Zahra Omrani , Narges Ajalli , Tahmineh Ahmadi

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health challenge due to the limited efficacy and systemic toxicity associated with conventional therapies. In this study, a pH-responsive nanocarrier system was developed using pectin (PEC), zein (Z), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) for the encapsulation and controlled release of curcumin (Cur), a hydrophobic compound with well-documented anticancer activity. The PEC/Z/ZnO@Cur nanocarriers were fabricated via a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double-emulsion technique and comprehensively characterized through physicochemical and morphological analyses. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) successful Cur encapsulation via hydrogen bonding and secondary non-covalent interactions, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed suppressed Cur crystallinity and preserved ZnO crystal structure. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) verified the spherical morphology, surface roughness, and elemental distribution. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) indicated an average hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 270 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.27, and a zeta potential of +47.1 mV, demonstrating strong colloidal stability and positive surface charge favorable for cellular interaction. Incorporation of ZnO significantly enhanced encapsulation efficiency (from 72.0% to 85.5%) and drug loading capacity (from 37.0% to 46.0%), confirming its structural and interactive contribution to Cur retention. In vitro release studies exhibited pH-dependent behavior, with accelerated drug release under acidic conditions (pH 5.4). The release kinetics followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model at pH 7.4 and the Baker–Lonsdale model at pH 5.4, indicating diffusion- and swelling-controlled mechanisms, respectively. MTT assays confirmed high biocompatibility toward L929 fibroblast cells and selective cytotoxicity against HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. These in vitro results highlight the promise of PEC/Z/ZnO@Cur nanocarriers as pH-responsive systems for targeted curcumin delivery in colorectal cancer therapy, supporting their further investigation in 3D and in vivo preclinical models.

结直肠癌（CRC）仍然是一个主要的全球健康挑战，由于有限的疗效和全身毒性与传统疗法相关。在这项研究中，利用果胶（PEC）、玉米蛋白(Z)和氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO）开发了一种ph响应纳米载体体系，用于包封和控释姜黄素（Cur），姜黄素是一种疏水化合物，具有良好的抗癌活性。采用水包油包水（W/O/W）双乳液法制备了PEC/Z/ZnO@Cur纳米载体，并通过理化和形态分析对其进行了综合表征。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）通过氢键和次级非共价相互作用成功封装了Cur，而x射线衍射（XRD）显示抑制了Cur的结晶度，保留了ZnO的晶体结构。场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和能量色散x射线光谱（EDX）验证了球体形貌、表面粗糙度和元素分布。动态光散射（DLS）结果表明，其平均水动力直径约为270 nm，多分散性指数（PDI）为0.27，zeta电位为+47.1 mV，具有较强的胶体稳定性和有利于细胞相互作用的正表面电荷。ZnO的掺入显著提高了包封效率（从72.0%提高到85.5%）和载药量（从37.0%提高到46.0%），证实了其结构和相互作用对Cur保留的贡献。体外释放研究显示出pH依赖行为，在酸性条件下（pH 5.4）药物释放加速。在pH值为7.4时，释放动力学遵循Korsmeyer-Peppas模型，在pH值为5.4时，释放动力学遵循Baker-Lonsdale模型，分别表明扩散和膨胀控制机制。MTT实验证实了对L929成纤维细胞的高生物相容性和对HT-29结直肠癌细胞的选择性细胞毒性。这些体外实验结果突出了PEC/Z/ZnO@Cur纳米载体作为ph响应系统在结直肠癌治疗中靶向姜黄素递送的前景，支持了他们在3D和体内临床前模型中的进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Novel sustainable Schiff Base covalent organic polymers from optimized dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose and 4,4′-oxydianiline via dual synthesis method for Pb (II) removal 以优化后的双醛羧甲基纤维素和4,4′-氧二苯胺为原料合成的新型可持续希夫碱共价有机聚合物，用于去除铅（II）

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101045

Nayereh S. Tadayoni, Mohammad Dinari

In this study, sustainable Schiff base COP were synthesized from oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose and 4,4′-oxydianiline via two distinct synthetic routes to remove heavy metals. First, oxidation of CMC was optimized to maximize the aldehyde functional group, facilitating efficient Schiff base formation. Then, the synthesis of the Schiff base imine was conducted employing two distinct methodologies. In Method I, paraformaldehyde was used to mediate a controlled imine condensation at 120 ℃. In Method II, the Schiff base reaction was carried out for one day of reflux before being subjected at 80 °C without the addition of PFA. Both COP were analyzed through FTIR, FE-SEM, XRD, BET, and zeta potential measurements, confirming functionalization and morphological differences. COPs were assessed for their effectiveness in eliminating Pb(II) from water under optimized conditions. The adsorption performance was evaluated using nonlinear kinetic and isotherm models as well as thermodynamic studies. Thermodynamic studies showed that adsorption is exothermic for both COPs. Method II COP was more beneficial and showed q_{e max}∼67 mg g⁻¹, while Method I COP was 33.5. There were significant differences in the adsorption behavior depending on the synthesis route. The findings highlight the potential of dual-method Schiff base-modified biopolymers as efficient adsorbents for heavy metal remediation.

本研究以氧化羧甲基纤维素和4,4′-氧二苯胺为原料，通过两种不同的合成路线合成了可持续的席夫碱COP，以去除重金属。首先，对CMC的氧化过程进行优化，使醛官能团最大化，促进高效的席夫碱形成。然后，采用两种不同的方法合成了希夫碱亚胺。方法一用多聚甲醛在120℃下催化亚胺缩合反应。在方法二中，希夫碱反应进行了一天的回流，然后在80°C下进行，不添加PFA。通过FTIR， FE-SEM， XRD， BET和zeta电位测量对两种COP进行了分析，确认了官能化和形态差异。在优化条件下，评价了cop对水中Pb（II）的去除效果。采用非线性动力学和等温模型以及热力学研究对吸附性能进行了评价。热力学研究表明，两种cop的吸附都是放热的。方法II COP更有利，qe max为~ 67 mg g−1，而方法I COP为33.5。不同的合成路线对其吸附行为有显著差异。这些发现突出了双方法希夫碱修饰生物聚合物作为重金属修复的有效吸附剂的潜力。

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