Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications最新文献_第6页

Molecular mechanisms of the structures, interactions, and mechanical properties of methacrylate-modified gellan gum 甲基丙烯酸酯改性结冷胶的结构、相互作用和力学性能的分子机制

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101057

Wei-Yuan Chiu , Wan-Ting Lee , Jiashing Yu , Chia-Ching Chou

Gellan gum is a highly biocompatible and mechanically tunable material for tissue engineering applications. Upon modification with N-succinimidyl methacrylate, gellan gum forms a photocrosslinkable hydrogel. Specifically, increasing concentration and the degree of methacrylate substitution strengthen both the mechanical properties and biological characteristics. In this study, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how concentrations and degrees of methacrylate substitution affect the molecular structure, interactions, and mechanical properties of methacrylate-modified gellan gum. Both unmodified and methacrylate-modified gellan gum chains adopted relatively extended conformations. However, higher concentrations favored denser, entangled structures. Increasing the methacrylate substitution from 16.7 % to 33.3 % promoted steric effects that reduced chain folding, yielding more extended conformations, and thus enhanced the mechanical property. At 50 % methacrylate substitution, the strong methacrylate interactions and increased crosslink density led to recoiled conformations, reduced load-transfer efficiency, and decreased mechanical performance. Hydrogen bonding analysis revealed that higher substitution increased intramolecular hydrogen bonding but reduced intermolecular interactions, especially at higher concentrations. These findings highlight the balance between molecular conformation, crosslinking density, and hydrogen bonding in determining the mechanical behavior of gellan gum. The results provide a molecular-level design mechanism for tuning methacrylate substitution to achieve desired properties in biomedical hydrogels for bioengineering applications.

结冷胶是一种高度生物相容性和机械可调的组织工程应用材料。经n -丁二酰甲基丙烯酸酯修饰后，结冷胶形成光交联水凝胶。具体地说，增加浓度和甲基丙烯酸酯取代的程度加强了机械性能和生物学特性。在这项研究中，我们采用分子动力学模拟来研究甲基丙烯酸酯取代的浓度和程度如何影响甲基丙烯酸酯修饰的结冷胶的分子结构、相互作用和力学性能。未改性和甲基丙烯酸酯改性的结冷胶链均采用相对扩展的构象。然而，更高的浓度有利于密度更大的纠缠结构。将甲基丙烯酸酯取代率从16.7%提高到33.3%，可以促进位阻效应，减少链折叠，产生更大的延伸构象，从而提高力学性能。在50%的甲基丙烯酸酯取代下，甲基丙烯酸酯的强相互作用和交联密度的增加导致了反冲构象，降低了负载传递效率，降低了机械性能。氢键分析表明，较高的取代增加了分子内的氢键，但减少了分子间的相互作用，特别是在较高的浓度下。这些发现强调了分子构象、交联密度和氢键之间的平衡，以确定结冷胶的力学行为。研究结果提供了一种分子水平的设计机制，用于调节甲基丙烯酸酯取代，以实现生物工程应用中生物医学水凝胶所需的性能。

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of the structures, interactions, and mechanical properties of methacrylate-modified gellan gum","authors":"Wei-Yuan Chiu , Wan-Ting Lee , Jiashing Yu , Chia-Ching Chou","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gellan gum is a highly biocompatible and mechanically tunable material for tissue engineering applications. Upon modification with N-succinimidyl methacrylate, gellan gum forms a photocrosslinkable hydrogel. Specifically, increasing concentration and the degree of methacrylate substitution strengthen both the mechanical properties and biological characteristics. In this study, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how concentrations and degrees of methacrylate substitution affect the molecular structure, interactions, and mechanical properties of methacrylate-modified gellan gum. Both unmodified and methacrylate-modified gellan gum chains adopted relatively extended conformations. However, higher concentrations favored denser, entangled structures. Increasing the methacrylate substitution from 16.7 % to 33.3 % promoted steric effects that reduced chain folding, yielding more extended conformations, and thus enhanced the mechanical property. At 50 % methacrylate substitution, the strong methacrylate interactions and increased crosslink density led to recoiled conformations, reduced load-transfer efficiency, and decreased mechanical performance. Hydrogen bonding analysis revealed that higher substitution increased intramolecular hydrogen bonding but reduced intermolecular interactions, especially at higher concentrations. These findings highlight the balance between molecular conformation, crosslinking density, and hydrogen bonding in determining the mechanical behavior of gellan gum. The results provide a molecular-level design mechanism for tuning methacrylate substitution to achieve desired properties in biomedical hydrogels for bioengineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101057"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Compatibilization strategies and mechanical performances of starch-based blends for sustainable packaging 可持续包装中淀粉基共混物的增容策略和机械性能

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101051

Sangwoo Kwon , Gunhee Park , Hyunho Jang , Su-il Park

Starch-based biodegradable polymer blends are promising candidates for sustainable packaging, pairing renewability and biodegradability with reducing environmental burdens. However, thermoplastic starch is hindered by inherent hydrophilicity, limited mechanical strength, and high moisture sensitivity. Moreover, the intrinsic incompatibility between starch and biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic acid) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) leads to poor interfacial adhesion, phase separation, and reduced mechanical integrity. Addressing this interfacial disparity is therefore essential to achieving performance levels suitable for large-scale packaging applications. This review systematically evaluates recent advances in compatibilization strategies for starch-based biodegradable polymer blends, which are categorized into three major classes, namely, physical, reactive, and hybrid nanofiller-assisted approaches. Each strategy is analyzed in terms of its interfacial mechanisms and their effects on morphological evolution and overall mechanical performance. Emerging green compatibilization pathways, including deep eutectic solvent (DES)-assisted and bio-derived systems, are also assessed for their potential to reconcile environmental sustainability with industrial scalability. Reactive and hybrid methods generally provide superior interfacial stability and mechanical reinforcement, though challenges persist regarding processing control, scalability, and biodegradability preservation. Collectively, these insights establish a framework for designing high-performance starch-based blends that integrate structural functionality with sustainable processing, accelerating their transition from laboratory-scale concepts to practical, low-carbon packaging solutions.

淀粉基可生物降解聚合物混合物是可持续包装的有前途的候选人，将可再生性和生物降解性与减少环境负担相结合。然而，热塑性淀粉受到固有的亲水性、有限的机械强度和高水分敏感性的阻碍。此外，淀粉与生物可降解聚合物（如聚乳酸和聚己二酸丁二酯）之间固有的不相容性导致界面粘附不良、相分离和机械完整性降低。因此，解决这种接口差异对于实现适合大规模封装应用的性能水平至关重要。本文系统地评价了淀粉基可生物降解聚合物共混物的增容策略的最新进展，将其分为三大类，即物理、反应和混合纳米填料辅助方法。分析了每种策略的界面机制及其对形态演化和整体力学性能的影响。新兴的绿色增容途径，包括深度共晶溶剂（DES）辅助和生物衍生系统，也被评估为它们调和环境可持续性和工业可扩展性的潜力。反应性和混合性方法通常提供优越的界面稳定性和机械强化，尽管在处理控制、可扩展性和生物降解性保存方面仍然存在挑战。总的来说，这些见解为设计高性能淀粉基混合物建立了一个框架，该框架将结构功能与可持续加工相结合，加速了它们从实验室规模的概念向实用的低碳包装解决方案的过渡。

{"title":"Compatibilization strategies and mechanical performances of starch-based blends for sustainable packaging","authors":"Sangwoo Kwon , Gunhee Park , Hyunho Jang , Su-il Park","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Starch-based biodegradable polymer blends are promising candidates for sustainable packaging, pairing renewability and biodegradability with reducing environmental burdens. However, thermoplastic starch is hindered by inherent hydrophilicity, limited mechanical strength, and high moisture sensitivity. Moreover, the intrinsic incompatibility between starch and biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic acid) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) leads to poor interfacial adhesion, phase separation, and reduced mechanical integrity. Addressing this interfacial disparity is therefore essential to achieving performance levels suitable for large-scale packaging applications. This review systematically evaluates recent advances in compatibilization strategies for starch-based biodegradable polymer blends, which are categorized into three major classes, namely, physical, reactive, and hybrid nanofiller-assisted approaches. Each strategy is analyzed in terms of its interfacial mechanisms and their effects on morphological evolution and overall mechanical performance. Emerging green compatibilization pathways, including deep eutectic solvent (DES)-assisted and bio-derived systems, are also assessed for their potential to reconcile environmental sustainability with industrial scalability. Reactive and hybrid methods generally provide superior interfacial stability and mechanical reinforcement, though challenges persist regarding processing control, scalability, and biodegradability preservation. Collectively, these insights establish a framework for designing high-performance starch-based blends that integrate structural functionality with sustainable processing, accelerating their transition from laboratory-scale concepts to practical, low-carbon packaging solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101051"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In vitro evaluation of bioinspired PEC/Zein/ZnO nanocarriers for pH-responsive curcumin delivery in colorectal cancer therapy 生物激发PEC/Zein/ZnO纳米载体对ph响应性姜黄素在结直肠癌治疗中的体外评价

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101044

Mehrab Pourmadadi , Fateme Fallahi , Melika Alesheikh , Salar Mohammadi Shabestari , Zahra Omrani , Narges Ajalli , Tahmineh Ahmadi

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health challenge due to the limited efficacy and systemic toxicity associated with conventional therapies. In this study, a pH-responsive nanocarrier system was developed using pectin (PEC), zein (Z), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) for the encapsulation and controlled release of curcumin (Cur), a hydrophobic compound with well-documented anticancer activity. The PEC/Z/ZnO@Cur nanocarriers were fabricated via a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double-emulsion technique and comprehensively characterized through physicochemical and morphological analyses. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) successful Cur encapsulation via hydrogen bonding and secondary non-covalent interactions, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed suppressed Cur crystallinity and preserved ZnO crystal structure. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) verified the spherical morphology, surface roughness, and elemental distribution. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) indicated an average hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 270 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.27, and a zeta potential of +47.1 mV, demonstrating strong colloidal stability and positive surface charge favorable for cellular interaction. Incorporation of ZnO significantly enhanced encapsulation efficiency (from 72.0% to 85.5%) and drug loading capacity (from 37.0% to 46.0%), confirming its structural and interactive contribution to Cur retention. In vitro release studies exhibited pH-dependent behavior, with accelerated drug release under acidic conditions (pH 5.4). The release kinetics followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model at pH 7.4 and the Baker–Lonsdale model at pH 5.4, indicating diffusion- and swelling-controlled mechanisms, respectively. MTT assays confirmed high biocompatibility toward L929 fibroblast cells and selective cytotoxicity against HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. These in vitro results highlight the promise of PEC/Z/ZnO@Cur nanocarriers as pH-responsive systems for targeted curcumin delivery in colorectal cancer therapy, supporting their further investigation in 3D and in vivo preclinical models.

结直肠癌（CRC）仍然是一个主要的全球健康挑战，由于有限的疗效和全身毒性与传统疗法相关。在这项研究中，利用果胶（PEC）、玉米蛋白(Z)和氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO）开发了一种ph响应纳米载体体系，用于包封和控释姜黄素（Cur），姜黄素是一种疏水化合物，具有良好的抗癌活性。采用水包油包水（W/O/W）双乳液法制备了PEC/Z/ZnO@Cur纳米载体，并通过理化和形态分析对其进行了综合表征。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）通过氢键和次级非共价相互作用成功封装了Cur，而x射线衍射（XRD）显示抑制了Cur的结晶度，保留了ZnO的晶体结构。场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和能量色散x射线光谱（EDX）验证了球体形貌、表面粗糙度和元素分布。动态光散射（DLS）结果表明，其平均水动力直径约为270 nm，多分散性指数（PDI）为0.27，zeta电位为+47.1 mV，具有较强的胶体稳定性和有利于细胞相互作用的正表面电荷。ZnO的掺入显著提高了包封效率（从72.0%提高到85.5%）和载药量（从37.0%提高到46.0%），证实了其结构和相互作用对Cur保留的贡献。体外释放研究显示出pH依赖行为，在酸性条件下（pH 5.4）药物释放加速。在pH值为7.4时，释放动力学遵循Korsmeyer-Peppas模型，在pH值为5.4时，释放动力学遵循Baker-Lonsdale模型，分别表明扩散和膨胀控制机制。MTT实验证实了对L929成纤维细胞的高生物相容性和对HT-29结直肠癌细胞的选择性细胞毒性。这些体外实验结果突出了PEC/Z/ZnO@Cur纳米载体作为ph响应系统在结直肠癌治疗中靶向姜黄素递送的前景，支持了他们在3D和体内临床前模型中的进一步研究。

{"title":"In vitro evaluation of bioinspired PEC/Zein/ZnO nanocarriers for pH-responsive curcumin delivery in colorectal cancer therapy","authors":"Mehrab Pourmadadi , Fateme Fallahi , Melika Alesheikh , Salar Mohammadi Shabestari , Zahra Omrani , Narges Ajalli , Tahmineh Ahmadi","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health challenge due to the limited efficacy and systemic toxicity associated with conventional therapies. In this study, a pH-responsive nanocarrier system was developed using pectin (PEC), zein (Z), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) for the encapsulation and controlled release of curcumin (Cur), a hydrophobic compound with well-documented anticancer activity. The PEC/Z/ZnO@Cur nanocarriers were fabricated via a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double-emulsion technique and comprehensively characterized through physicochemical and morphological analyses. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) successful Cur encapsulation via hydrogen bonding and secondary non-covalent interactions, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed suppressed Cur crystallinity and preserved ZnO crystal structure. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) verified the spherical morphology, surface roughness, and elemental distribution. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) indicated an average hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 270 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.27, and a zeta potential of +47.1 mV, demonstrating strong colloidal stability and positive surface charge favorable for cellular interaction. Incorporation of ZnO significantly enhanced encapsulation efficiency (from 72.0% to 85.5%) and drug loading capacity (from 37.0% to 46.0%), confirming its structural and interactive contribution to Cur retention. <em>In vitro</em> release studies exhibited pH-dependent behavior, with accelerated drug release under acidic conditions (pH 5.4). The release kinetics followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model at pH 7.4 and the Baker–Lonsdale model at pH 5.4, indicating diffusion- and swelling-controlled mechanisms, respectively. MTT assays confirmed high biocompatibility toward L929 fibroblast cells and selective cytotoxicity against HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. These in vitro results highlight the promise of PEC/Z/ZnO@Cur nanocarriers as pH-responsive systems for targeted curcumin delivery in colorectal cancer therapy, supporting their further investigation in 3D and in vivo preclinical models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101044"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel sustainable Schiff Base covalent organic polymers from optimized dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose and 4,4′-oxydianiline via dual synthesis method for Pb (II) removal 以优化后的双醛羧甲基纤维素和4,4′-氧二苯胺为原料合成的新型可持续希夫碱共价有机聚合物，用于去除铅（II）

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101045

Nayereh S. Tadayoni, Mohammad Dinari

In this study, sustainable Schiff base COP were synthesized from oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose and 4,4′-oxydianiline via two distinct synthetic routes to remove heavy metals. First, oxidation of CMC was optimized to maximize the aldehyde functional group, facilitating efficient Schiff base formation. Then, the synthesis of the Schiff base imine was conducted employing two distinct methodologies. In Method I, paraformaldehyde was used to mediate a controlled imine condensation at 120 ℃. In Method II, the Schiff base reaction was carried out for one day of reflux before being subjected at 80 °C without the addition of PFA. Both COP were analyzed through FTIR, FE-SEM, XRD, BET, and zeta potential measurements, confirming functionalization and morphological differences. COPs were assessed for their effectiveness in eliminating Pb(II) from water under optimized conditions. The adsorption performance was evaluated using nonlinear kinetic and isotherm models as well as thermodynamic studies. Thermodynamic studies showed that adsorption is exothermic for both COPs. Method II COP was more beneficial and showed q_{e max}∼67 mg g⁻¹, while Method I COP was 33.5. There were significant differences in the adsorption behavior depending on the synthesis route. The findings highlight the potential of dual-method Schiff base-modified biopolymers as efficient adsorbents for heavy metal remediation.

本研究以氧化羧甲基纤维素和4,4′-氧二苯胺为原料，通过两种不同的合成路线合成了可持续的席夫碱COP，以去除重金属。首先，对CMC的氧化过程进行优化，使醛官能团最大化，促进高效的席夫碱形成。然后，采用两种不同的方法合成了希夫碱亚胺。方法一用多聚甲醛在120℃下催化亚胺缩合反应。在方法二中，希夫碱反应进行了一天的回流，然后在80°C下进行，不添加PFA。通过FTIR， FE-SEM， XRD， BET和zeta电位测量对两种COP进行了分析，确认了官能化和形态差异。在优化条件下，评价了cop对水中Pb（II）的去除效果。采用非线性动力学和等温模型以及热力学研究对吸附性能进行了评价。热力学研究表明，两种cop的吸附都是放热的。方法II COP更有利，qe max为~ 67 mg g−1，而方法I COP为33.5。不同的合成路线对其吸附行为有显著差异。这些发现突出了双方法希夫碱修饰生物聚合物作为重金属修复的有效吸附剂的潜力。

{"title":"Novel sustainable Schiff Base covalent organic polymers from optimized dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose and 4,4′-oxydianiline via dual synthesis method for Pb (II) removal","authors":"Nayereh S. Tadayoni, Mohammad Dinari","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, sustainable Schiff base COP were synthesized from oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose and 4,4′-oxydianiline via two distinct synthetic routes to remove heavy metals. First, oxidation of CMC was optimized to maximize the aldehyde functional group, facilitating efficient Schiff base formation. Then, the synthesis of the Schiff base imine was conducted employing two distinct methodologies. In Method I, paraformaldehyde was used to mediate a controlled imine condensation at 120 ℃. In Method II, the Schiff base reaction was carried out for one day of reflux before being subjected at 80 °C without the addition of PFA. Both COP were analyzed through FTIR, FE-SEM, XRD, BET, and zeta potential measurements, confirming functionalization and morphological differences. COPs were assessed for their effectiveness in eliminating Pb(II) from water under optimized conditions. The adsorption performance was evaluated using nonlinear kinetic and isotherm models as well as thermodynamic studies. Thermodynamic studies showed that adsorption is exothermic for both COPs. Method II COP was more beneficial and showed q<sub>e max</sub>∼67 mg g<sup>−1</sup>, while Method I COP was 33.5. There were significant differences in the adsorption behavior depending on the synthesis route. The findings highlight the potential of dual-method Schiff base-modified biopolymers as efficient adsorbents for heavy metal remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101045"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How cyclodextrin modification dictates bone affinity: Insights from the bone toxicity evaluation of adamgammadex 环糊精修饰如何决定骨亲和力：来自adamgammadex骨毒性评估的见解

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101039

Xuan Xu , Yingbei Qi , Jing Xiong , Lvhong Luo, Baochun Yu, Qing Jie, Youmao Qi

Drug-induced bone toxicity represents an important safety concern, particularly in pediatric populations where bone development is currently at a critical juncture and highly sensitive to pharmacological interference. Adamgammadex is a novel modified γ-cyclodextrin designed for rapid neuromuscular blockade reversal drug nearing market approval. In this study, we investigated the potential bone toxicity of adamgammadex in both juvenile and adult rats. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that adamgammadex (30 mg/kg injection) is distributed in the bones and teeth of rats. It has a fast metabolic rate with no difference between males and females. However, in juvenile rats, the retention percentage is higher than in adults, and the elimination time is longer. Long-term administration of adamgammadex in rats for 4 weeks (200, 600, and 2000 mg/kg, daily) or 9 weeks (30, 150, and 450 mg/kg, weekly) from juveniles to adults stage, no significant toxic effects on bones, teeth, or bone-related blood biomarkers were detected. Similarly, administration of adamgammadex (150, 450, and 1500 mg/kg, daily) to beagle dogs for 4 weeks revealed no notable changes in serum bone-related biomarkers. In vitro studies have shown that natural α, β and γ-cyclodextrin hardly bind to hydroxyapatite, but modification of the ring-exterior chain affects the binding affinity of the cyclodextrins to hydroxyapatite. However, the newly introduced N-acetyl-L-cysteine moiety in adamgammadex only slightly increases this binding affinity.

药物引起的骨毒性是一个重要的安全问题，特别是在儿童人群中，骨骼发育目前处于关键时刻，对药物干扰高度敏感。Adamgammadex是一种新型改性γ-环糊精，设计用于快速神经肌肉阻断逆转药物，即将获得市场批准。在这项研究中，我们研究了adamgammadex对幼年和成年大鼠的潜在骨毒性。药代动力学研究表明，adamgammadex （30mg /kg注射）在大鼠骨骼和牙齿中有分布。代谢速率快，雌雄无差异。但幼龄大鼠的滞留率高于成年大鼠，且清除时间较长。从幼年期到成年期，长期给药4周（200、600和2000 mg/kg，每天）或9周（30、150和450 mg/kg，每周），未检测到对骨骼、牙齿或骨骼相关血液生物标志物的显著毒性作用。同样，给比格犬服用adamgammadex（150、450和1500 mg/kg，每日）4周后，血清骨相关生物标志物无显著变化。体外研究表明，天然α、β和γ-环糊精与羟基磷灰石的结合能力较弱，但环外链的修饰会影响环糊精与羟基磷灰石的结合能力。然而，adamgammadex中新引入的n -乙酰- l-半胱氨酸片段仅略微增加了这种结合亲和力。

{"title":"How cyclodextrin modification dictates bone affinity: Insights from the bone toxicity evaluation of adamgammadex","authors":"Xuan Xu , Yingbei Qi , Jing Xiong , Lvhong Luo, Baochun Yu, Qing Jie, Youmao Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug-induced bone toxicity represents an important safety concern, particularly in pediatric populations where bone development is currently at a critical juncture and highly sensitive to pharmacological interference. Adamgammadex is a novel modified γ-cyclodextrin designed for rapid neuromuscular blockade reversal drug nearing market approval. In this study, we investigated the potential bone toxicity of adamgammadex in both juvenile and adult rats. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that adamgammadex (30 mg/kg injection) is distributed in the bones and teeth of rats. It has a fast metabolic rate with no difference between males and females. However, in juvenile rats, the retention percentage is higher than in adults, and the elimination time is longer. Long-term administration of adamgammadex in rats for 4 weeks (200, 600, and 2000 mg/kg, daily) or 9 weeks (30, 150, and 450 mg/kg, weekly) from juveniles to adults stage, no significant toxic effects on bones, teeth, or bone-related blood biomarkers were detected. Similarly, administration of adamgammadex (150, 450, and 1500 mg/kg, daily) to beagle dogs for 4 weeks revealed no notable changes in serum bone-related biomarkers. <em>In vitro</em> studies have shown that natural α, β and γ-cyclodextrin hardly bind to hydroxyapatite, but modification of the ring-exterior chain affects the binding affinity of the cyclodextrins to hydroxyapatite. However, the newly introduced N-acetyl-L-cysteine moiety in adamgammadex only slightly increases this binding affinity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101039"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Refining the CTAB method for hyaluronic acid analysis: A cost-effective alternative to carbazole and LC-MS assays 改进用于透明质酸分析的CTAB方法：一种替代咔唑和LC-MS测定的经济有效的方法

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101040

Kristýna Svobodová, Matěj Šimek, Jana Jílková, František Ondreáš

Reliable determination of hyaluronic acid (HA) in culture broth is critical for monitoring biotechnological production processes. Among the commonly used methods carbazole method is accessible but lacks specifity, while LC-MS offers high sensitivity but is costly and time-intensive. This study focuses on optimizing a benchtop turbidimetric assay using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) for accurate and efficient HA quantification. Key reaction parameters, including concentrations of CTAB, NaOH, and NaCl, measurement conditions such as wavelength and time and the suitable method of capsular HA release were systematically optimized using standard HA solutions and culture broth samples. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis provided insights into the kinetics and mechanisms of HA-CTAB complex formation. The optimized CTAB protocol showed superior precision, accuracy, and resistance to interference compared to the carbazole assay, and exhibited strong concordance with LC-MS results. This refined CTAB method provides a cost-effective, practical, and robust solution for routine HA analysis in complex matrices.

培养液中透明质酸（HA）的可靠测定对生物技术生产过程的监测至关重要。在常用的方法中，咔唑法容易获得，但缺乏特异性，而LC-MS法灵敏度高，但成本高，耗时长。本研究的重点是优化使用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）的台式浊度测定方法，以准确有效地定量透明质酸。采用标准HA溶液和培养液样品，系统优化了CTAB、NaOH、NaCl浓度等关键反应参数、波长、时间等测量条件以及胶囊内HA释放的适宜方法。动态光散射（DLS）分析为HA-CTAB络合物形成的动力学和机理提供了新的思路。与咔唑法相比，优化后的CTAB方案具有更高的精密度、准确度和抗干扰性，且与LC-MS结果具有较强的一致性。这种改进的CTAB方法为复杂矩阵中的常规HA分析提供了一种具有成本效益，实用性和鲁棒性的解决方案。

{"title":"Refining the CTAB method for hyaluronic acid analysis: A cost-effective alternative to carbazole and LC-MS assays","authors":"Kristýna Svobodová, Matěj Šimek, Jana Jílková, František Ondreáš","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reliable determination of hyaluronic acid (HA) in culture broth is critical for monitoring biotechnological production processes. Among the commonly used methods carbazole method is accessible but lacks specifity, while LC-MS offers high sensitivity but is costly and time-intensive. This study focuses on optimizing a benchtop turbidimetric assay using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) for accurate and efficient HA quantification. Key reaction parameters, including concentrations of CTAB, NaOH, and NaCl, measurement conditions such as wavelength and time and the suitable method of capsular HA release were systematically optimized using standard HA solutions and culture broth samples. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis provided insights into the kinetics and mechanisms of HA-CTAB complex formation. The optimized CTAB protocol showed superior precision, accuracy, and resistance to interference compared to the carbazole assay, and exhibited strong concordance with LC-MS results. This refined CTAB method provides a cost-effective, practical, and robust solution for routine HA analysis in complex matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101040"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quaternary ammonium-pullulan derivatives as antibacterial and hemostatic agents 季铵普鲁兰衍生物的抗菌止血作用

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101041

Lu Chen , Yinghui Zhang , Konglu Feng, Guixin Cao, Meiyao Han, Xiaoqian Nan, Jinbao Tang

Uncontrolled bleeding remains a critical challenge in trauma care. In this study, quaternized pullulan (QP) was developed as a hemostatic agent with enhanced antibacterial activity. QP was synthesized by grafting 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride onto pullulan, achieving a degree of substitution of 0.305 and a zeta potential of +29.1 mV. In vitro, QP reduced the blood coagulation index to 5.59%, with erythrocyte and platelet adhesion rates of 63.51% and 72.31%, respectively. This material demonstrated strong antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and S. aureus. Compared with the controls, QP significantly reduced bleeding time and blood loss in vivo, and it exhibited good coagulation ability and better hemostatic ability than medical gauze, gelatin, chitosan, and pullulan. QP is a promising, safe hemostatic material for clinical applications. Although QP demonstrates excellent hemostatic and antibacterial properties, future studies should focus on its scalability for clinical translation.

不受控制的出血仍然是创伤护理的关键挑战。本研究开发了季铵盐普鲁兰（QP）作为一种具有增强抗菌活性的止血剂。通过在普鲁兰上接枝2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵合成了QP，取代度为0.305，zeta电位为+29.1 mV。体外凝血指数降至5.59%，红细胞和血小板黏附率分别为63.51%和72.31%。该材料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有较强的抗菌作用。与对照组相比，QP显著减少了出血时间和体内失血量，具有良好的凝血能力，止血能力优于医用纱布、明胶、壳聚糖和普鲁兰。QP是一种有前景的、安全的止血材料。虽然QP具有优异的止血和抗菌性能，但未来的研究应侧重于其临床转化的可扩展性。

{"title":"Quaternary ammonium-pullulan derivatives as antibacterial and hemostatic agents","authors":"Lu Chen , Yinghui Zhang , Konglu Feng, Guixin Cao, Meiyao Han, Xiaoqian Nan, Jinbao Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uncontrolled bleeding remains a critical challenge in trauma care. In this study, quaternized pullulan (QP) was developed as a hemostatic agent with enhanced antibacterial activity. QP was synthesized by grafting 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride onto pullulan, achieving a degree of substitution of 0.305 and a zeta potential of +29.1 mV. In vitro, QP reduced the blood coagulation index to 5.59%, with erythrocyte and platelet adhesion rates of 63.51% and 72.31%, respectively. This material demonstrated strong antibacterial effects against <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>. Compared with the controls, QP significantly reduced bleeding time and blood loss in vivo, and it exhibited good coagulation ability and better hemostatic ability than medical gauze, gelatin, chitosan, and pullulan. QP is a promising, safe hemostatic material for clinical applications. Although QP demonstrates excellent hemostatic and antibacterial properties, future studies should focus on its scalability for clinical translation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101041"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polysaccharide-based functional materials for flexible electronics: A comprehensive review of synthesis strategies, functionalization, and applications 柔性电子用多糖基功能材料：合成策略、功能化和应用的综合综述

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101038

Rajul Jain , Nishant Singhal , Harsh Vardhan , Piyush Vashistha , Yograj Bist , Aaysha Pandey , Naresh Kumar Wagri , Ashish Gaur

Polysaccharides, as abundant and renewable biopolymers, have increasingly attracted attention for their potential uses in flexible electronics due to their sustainability, adaptability, and versatile functionality. Natural polymers, including cellulose, chitosan, alginate, starch, and hemicellulose, exhibit key characteristics such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and tunable mechanical properties, making them attractive choices for advanced technological applications. Advances in chemical modification, blending, and nano structuring have led to improvements in conductivity, durability, and flexibility, broadening their use in areas such as wearable sensors, medical devices, energy storage solutions, and smart packaging. Recent research highlights strategies to overcome inherent challenges like low conductivity and sensitivity to environmental changes through innovative composite designs and hybrid systems. This review provides a comprehensive examination of synthesis methods, functionalization techniques, and application pathways for materials derived from polysaccharides within the flexible electronics domain. It also addresses challenges related to scalability, stability, and regulatory considerations. Ultimately, this review illustrates how systems based on polysaccharides can bridge sustainability with technological advancement, establishing them as crucial materials for the creation of eco-friendly, high-performance, and commercially viable flexible electronic solutions.

多糖作为一种丰富的可再生生物聚合物，由于其可持续性、适应性和多功能性，在柔性电子领域的潜在应用日益受到人们的关注。天然聚合物，包括纤维素、壳聚糖、海藻酸盐、淀粉和半纤维素，具有生物可降解性、生物相容性和可调节的机械性能等关键特性，使其成为先进技术应用的有吸引力的选择。化学改性、混合和纳米结构的进步导致了导电性、耐久性和灵活性的提高，扩大了它们在可穿戴传感器、医疗设备、能量存储解决方案和智能包装等领域的应用。最近的研究强调了通过创新的复合材料设计和混合系统来克服诸如低导电性和对环境变化的敏感性等固有挑战的策略。本文综述了柔性电子领域中多糖衍生材料的合成方法、功能化技术和应用途径。它还解决了与可伸缩性、稳定性和监管考虑相关的挑战。最后，这篇综述说明了基于多糖的系统如何将可持续性与技术进步联系起来，使它们成为创造环保、高性能和商业上可行的柔性电子解决方案的关键材料。

{"title":"Polysaccharide-based functional materials for flexible electronics: A comprehensive review of synthesis strategies, functionalization, and applications","authors":"Rajul Jain , Nishant Singhal , Harsh Vardhan , Piyush Vashistha , Yograj Bist , Aaysha Pandey , Naresh Kumar Wagri , Ashish Gaur","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polysaccharides, as abundant and renewable biopolymers, have increasingly attracted attention for their potential uses in flexible electronics due to their sustainability, adaptability, and versatile functionality. Natural polymers, including cellulose, chitosan, alginate, starch, and hemicellulose, exhibit key characteristics such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and tunable mechanical properties, making them attractive choices for advanced technological applications. Advances in chemical modification, blending, and nano structuring have led to improvements in conductivity, durability, and flexibility, broadening their use in areas such as wearable sensors, medical devices, energy storage solutions, and smart packaging. Recent research highlights strategies to overcome inherent challenges like low conductivity and sensitivity to environmental changes through innovative composite designs and hybrid systems. This review provides a comprehensive examination of synthesis methods, functionalization techniques, and application pathways for materials derived from polysaccharides within the flexible electronics domain. It also addresses challenges related to scalability, stability, and regulatory considerations. Ultimately, this review illustrates how systems based on polysaccharides can bridge sustainability with technological advancement, establishing them as crucial materials for the creation of eco-friendly, high-performance, and commercially viable flexible electronic solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101038"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Encapsulation of biocontrol agents in alginate hydrogels: A strategy for enhanced stability and release 海藻酸盐水凝胶中生物防治剂的包封：一种增强稳定性和释放的策略

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101036

Camille Colin, Emma Akpo, Lina Ait-Ameur, Delphine Dupé, Aurélie Perrin, David Cornu, Julien Cambedouzou

Biocontrol relies on bio-molecules and micro-organisms to protect crops against pests and diseases. However, the instability of these agents in natural conditions (UV exposure, temperature, humidity, soil pH…) remains a major limitation to its widespread application. This study investigates the use of alginate hydrogels as protective matrices for biocontrol agents. The encapsulation properties of alginates are examined, with a focus on their ability to entrap various compounds and regulate their release. We show that the choice of gelling cations strongly affects hydrogel properties: replacing Ca²⁺ with Cu²⁺ densifies the network, producing smaller pores and stiffer gels and can modulate the release of relatively large compound such as gold nanoparticles. The encapsulation of hydrophobic compound, often difficult in hydrogels, is studied and several enhancing strategies are proposed. Furthermore, this work shows that alginate hydrogels can successfully encapsulate macro-organisms. These findings highlight alginate hydrogels as versatile carriers with strong potential to advance sustainable biocontrol application.

生物防治依靠生物分子和微生物来保护作物免受病虫害的侵害。然而，这些试剂在自然条件下（紫外线照射，温度，湿度，土壤pH值等）的不稳定性仍然是其广泛应用的主要限制。本研究探讨了海藻酸盐水凝胶作为生物防治剂保护基质的应用。海藻酸盐的包封特性进行了研究，重点关注其捕获各种化合物和调节其释放的能力。我们发现，胶凝阳离子的选择强烈影响水凝胶的性质：用Cu 2 +取代Ca 2 +使网络更致密，产生更小的孔隙和更硬的凝胶，并可以调节相对较大的化合物（如金纳米颗粒）的释放。对疏水化合物在水凝胶中的包封性进行了研究，并提出了几种增强策略。此外，这项工作表明海藻酸盐水凝胶可以成功地包封大型生物。这些发现突出了海藻酸盐水凝胶作为一种多功能载体，具有促进可持续生物防治应用的强大潜力。

{"title":"Encapsulation of biocontrol agents in alginate hydrogels: A strategy for enhanced stability and release","authors":"Camille Colin, Emma Akpo, Lina Ait-Ameur, Delphine Dupé, Aurélie Perrin, David Cornu, Julien Cambedouzou","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biocontrol relies on bio-molecules and micro-organisms to protect crops against pests and diseases. However, the instability of these agents in natural conditions (UV exposure, temperature, humidity, soil pH…) remains a major limitation to its widespread application. This study investigates the use of alginate hydrogels as protective matrices for biocontrol agents. The encapsulation properties of alginates are examined, with a focus on their ability to entrap various compounds and regulate their release. We show that the choice of gelling cations strongly affects hydrogel properties: replacing Ca²⁺ with Cu²⁺ densifies the network, producing smaller pores and stiffer gels and can modulate the release of relatively large compound such as gold nanoparticles. The encapsulation of hydrophobic compound, often difficult in hydrogels, is studied and several enhancing strategies are proposed. Furthermore, this work shows that alginate hydrogels can successfully encapsulate macro-organisms. These findings highlight alginate hydrogels as versatile carriers with strong potential to advance sustainable biocontrol application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101036"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

pH and temperature dual-responsive Pickering emulsion stabilized by alginate-based microgel particles for encapsulation of curcumin 以海藻酸盐为基础的微凝胶稳定pH和温度双响应的皮克林乳状液，用于姜黄素的包封

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101037

Yao Fu, Shuwen Tan, Xiaojia Xu, Wenlong Xing, Qi He, Yi Lu, Jia Tang, Xiaoyan Liu, Yu Fang

Natural polysaccharides are widely used in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, alginate-based Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)-co-sodium alginate (P(VCL-co-SA)) microgel particles with different mass ratios of VCL/SA were synthesized and employed as stabilizers for curcumin-loaded Pickering emulsions. The obtained P(VCL-co-SA) microgels display a uniform, spherical morphology with low polydispersity. Moreover, the microgels demonstrated high interfacial activity at the dodecane/water interface, enabling the stabilization of dodecane-in-water emulsions across a broad pH range (3–9) at 25 °C. At an elevated temperature (55 °C), the emulsions remained stable at pH 6 and 9 (above the pK_a of alginate, ∼3.5), while phase separation was observed at pH 3 below the pK_a. The emulsion stability was further enhanced by optimizing Ca²⁺ ion concentration. Furthermore, high internal phase soybean oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by P(VCL₈₃-co-SA₁₇) microgels were successfully developed for curcumin encapsulation. The emulsions provided excellent protection for curcumin at room temperature. When incubated at 37 °C, curcumin retention was significantly enhanced after the addition of Ca²⁺ ions. Compared to previously reported systems that encapsulate curcumin in emulsions, the present approach exhibits superior performance, such as, encapsulation efficiency and retention rate. These findings provide insights into the development of high-performance Pickering emulsions that are stabilized by natural products and highlight their potential applications in food technology and the pharmaceutical industry.

天然多糖因其生物相容性和生物可降解性而广泛应用于生物医学和制药领域。本研究合成了不同VCL/SA质量比的海藻酸盐基聚（n-乙烯基己内酰胺）-共海藻酸钠（P(VCL-co-SA)）微凝胶颗粒，并将其作为载姜黄素Pickering乳剂的稳定剂。所得的P（VCL-co-SA）微凝胶具有均匀的球形形态，具有低多分散性。此外，微凝胶在十二烷/水界面表现出较高的界面活性，使十二烷水包乳液在25°C下的pH范围（3-9）内保持稳定。在较高温度（55℃）下，乳状液在pH 6和9（高于海藻酸盐的pKa， ~ 3.5）下保持稳定，而在pH 3低于pKa时观察到相分离。通过优化Ca2+离子浓度，进一步提高了乳液的稳定性。在此基础上，制备了以P（VCL83-co-SA17）微凝胶稳定的高内相大豆油水乳状液，用于姜黄素包封。乳剂在室温下对姜黄素有很好的保护作用。当在37°C孵育时，加入Ca2+离子后姜黄素保留率显著提高。与先前报道的将姜黄素包封在乳剂中的系统相比，本方法在包封效率和保留率等方面表现出优越的性能。这些发现为开发由天然产物稳定的高性能皮克林乳剂提供了见解，并突出了它们在食品技术和制药工业中的潜在应用。

{"title":"pH and temperature dual-responsive Pickering emulsion stabilized by alginate-based microgel particles for encapsulation of curcumin","authors":"Yao Fu, Shuwen Tan, Xiaojia Xu, Wenlong Xing, Qi He, Yi Lu, Jia Tang, Xiaoyan Liu, Yu Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural polysaccharides are widely used in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, alginate-based Poly(<em>N</em>-vinylcaprolactam)-<em>co</em>-sodium alginate (P(VCL-<em>co</em>-SA)) microgel particles with different mass ratios of VCL/SA were synthesized and employed as stabilizers for curcumin-loaded Pickering emulsions. The obtained P(VCL-<em>co</em>-SA) microgels display a uniform, spherical morphology with low polydispersity. Moreover, the microgels demonstrated high interfacial activity at the dodecane/water interface, enabling the stabilization of dodecane-in-water emulsions across a broad pH range (3–9) at 25 °C. At an elevated temperature (55 °C), the emulsions remained stable at pH 6 and 9 (above the <em>p</em>K<sub>a</sub> of alginate, ∼3.5), while phase separation was observed at pH 3 below the <em>p</em>K<sub>a</sub>. The emulsion stability was further enhanced by optimizing Ca<sup>2+</sup> ion concentration. Furthermore, high internal phase soybean oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by P(VCL<sub>83</sub>-<em>co</em>-SA<sub>17</sub>) microgels were successfully developed for curcumin encapsulation. The emulsions provided excellent protection for curcumin at room temperature. When incubated at 37 °C, curcumin retention was significantly enhanced after the addition of Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions. Compared to previously reported systems that encapsulate curcumin in emulsions, the present approach exhibits superior performance, such as, encapsulation efficiency and retention rate. These findings provide insights into the development of high-performance Pickering emulsions that are stabilized by natural products and highlight their potential applications in food technology and the pharmaceutical industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101037"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0