Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications最新文献_第7页

Spray dried inulin–sodium carboxymethylcellulose microcarriers with solid-to-colloidal transition: Development for foliar delivery of polyphenol-rich extract 具有固体到胶体过渡的喷雾干燥菊粉-羧甲基纤维素钠微载体：用于叶面输送富含多酚的提取物的开发

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101023

Rita Patrizia Aquino, Teresa Mencherini, Pierluigi Mazzei, Tiziana Esposito, Francesco Del Prete, Francesca Fortunato, Giacomo Pepe, Giulia Auriemma, Francesca Sansone

This study reports on the development of a carbohydrate-based spray-dried microparticulate system (F-CHES) conceived for the stabilization and foliar delivery of polyphenol-rich plant extracts for sustainable phyto defense applications. Chestnut spiny bur (CHES) extract, with demonstrated anti-fungal activity against phytopathogens, was micro-encapsulated via spray-drying in a polysaccharide matrix, composed primarily of inulin (INU DP ∼15), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and low amount of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS 0.05 % w/v), engineered to improve extract processability, water compatibility, stability and functional performance. Structural characterization by semi-solid (HRMAS) and solid-state (CPMAS) NMR revealed polysaccharide matrix–extract interactions that influenced the internal organization and component distribution within microparticles. The integration of high-resolution analytical techniques was also essential for standardizing the production process. The optimized F-CHES 0.8 micropowder, containing 1.5 % w/v of CHES extract, 5 % INU, 0.8 % Na-CMC, showed a process yield (70.42 ± 2.42 %) and high encapsulation efficiency (98.58 %). The formulation ensured chemical stability over 12 weeks (active compound retention ≥94.86 %), and displayed favorable morphological and physicochemical properties, including hydrodynamic diameter of 0.55 µm and ζ-potential of –37.2 mV. Interestingly, upon dispersion in water, the microparticles converted into a colloidal state and the resulting dispersion can form stable transparent coating on leaf surface suited for foliar delivery.

本研究报告了一种基于碳水化合物的喷雾干燥微颗粒系统（F-CHES）的开发，该系统用于稳定和叶面输送富含多酚的植物提取物，用于可持续的植物防御应用。通过喷雾干燥，将具有抗真菌活性的板栗刺叶（CHES）提取物在菊粉（INU DP ~ 15）、羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）和少量十二烷基硫酸钠（SLS 0.05% w/v）组成的多糖基质中进行微胶囊化，以提高提取物的加工性、水相容性、稳定性和功能性能。半固态核磁共振（HRMAS）和固态核磁共振（CPMAS）的结构表征表明，多糖基质-提取物相互作用影响了微颗粒内的内部组织和成分分布。高分辨率分析技术的整合对于生产过程的标准化也是必不可少的。优化后的f - ches0.8微粉的提取率为1.5%，INU含量为5%，Na-CMC含量为0.8%，产率为70.42±2.42%，包封率为98.58%。该配方保证了12周的化学稳定性（活性化合物保留率≥94.86%），并表现出良好的形态和物理化学性质，水动力直径为0.55µm， ζ电位为-37.2 mV。有趣的是，在水中分散后，微颗粒转化为胶体状态，从而形成的分散体可以在叶片表面形成稳定的透明涂层，适合叶面输送。

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引用次数: 0

New coacervates and crosslinkers from Araucaria heterophylla and Commiphora pedunculata exudates for microencapsulation of essential oils 新聚物和交联物用于精油的微胶囊化

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101024

Codjo Camille Dedjiho , Agnès Crépet , Fifa Théomaine Diane Bothon , Cokou Pascal Agbangnan Dossa , Jean-Charles Majesté , Lara Leclerc , Jéremie Pourchez , Corinne Jégat

Araucaria heterophylla (Ah) and Commiphora pedunculata (Cp) are plant exudate gums from the flora of Benin composed mainly of carbohydrate polymers and a considerable amount of essential oils. The aim of this work is to evaluate the functional properties of these polysaccharide extracts such as the ability to coacervation and cross-linking with gelatin, in order to formulate polymeric materials as microcapsules for essential oils produced exclusively from local resources without toxic products. Their physicochemical and chemical characterics were analysed. The polysaccharide extracts of Ah and Cp plants are water-soluble, amorphous, thermally stable polymers (Td ≈ 300°C) with a number-average molar mass of 21300 and 362600 g.mol^-1. The composition of the monosaccharide was determined by HPLC after acid hydrolysis. Galactose, arabinose, rhamnose and glucuronic acid are present in both plants. Galactose is predominant in Ah, while arabinose dominates in Cp. Their aqueous solutions, with mass fractions between 0.5 and 1 %, are slightly acidic and surface-active. At 25°C, in a range of higher concentrations (10-60 %), their aqueous solutions are shear thinning. The presence of glucuronic acid gives the polysaccharides in aqueous solution sufficiently stable negative charges (ζ= -17.0±2.4 mV) to behave like an anionic polymer. These properties allow microencapsulation of the essential oils by complex coacervation between extracted polysaccharides and gelatin for an antioxidant and antibacterial activity. In addition, the polysaccharides were oxidized to be used as crosslinkers for gelatin and their non-cytotoxicity was demonstrated. This work closely follows the guidelines of green chemistry and contributes to a circular economy.

异叶Araucaria heterophylla （Ah）和带柄金缕草（Cp）是贝宁植物群的植物渗出胶，主要由碳水化合物聚合物和相当数量的精油组成。这项工作的目的是评估这些多糖提取物的功能特性，如与明胶的凝聚和交联能力，以便制定聚合物材料作为精油的微胶囊，这些精油完全由当地资源生产，没有有毒产品。分析了它们的理化性质和化学性质。Ah和Cp植物的多糖提取物是水溶性、无定形、热稳定的聚合物（Td≈300℃），其数平均摩尔质量分别为21300和362600 g.mol-1。酸水解后用高效液相色谱法测定单糖的组成。这两种植物都含有半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖和葡萄糖醛酸。半乳糖在Ah中占主导地位，而阿拉伯糖在Cp中占主导地位。它们的水溶液质量分数在0.5%到1%之间，呈微酸性，具有表面活性。在25°C时，在较高浓度范围内（10- 60%），它们的水溶液发生剪切变薄。葡萄糖醛酸的存在使多糖在水溶液中具有足够稳定的负电荷（ζ= -17.0±2.4 mV），表现得像阴离子聚合物。这些特性使得精油通过提取的多糖和明胶之间的复杂凝聚而微胶囊化，具有抗氧化和抗菌活性。此外，多糖被氧化用作明胶的交联剂，并证明其无细胞毒性。这项工作严格遵循绿色化学的指导方针，并有助于循环经济。

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引用次数: 0

Advanced synbiotic delivery platforms: Integrating prebiotic alginate co-encapsulants for probiotic protection in functional foods 先进的合成给药平台：整合益生元海藻酸盐共胶囊，用于功能食品中的益生菌保护

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101022

Mehdi Ahmadi , Fatemeh Khajeh , Ramin Shahbahrami , Zahra Hashami , Leila Mirmoghtadaie , Runak Ghobadi , Amir Mohammad Mortazavian , Seyede Marzieh Hosseini

Recent advances in functional food design emphasize the importance of synbiotic encapsulation systems that simultaneously protect probiotics and stimulate their activity via co-delivered prebiotics. This review explores innovative co-encapsulation strategies employing fermentable fibers to enhance probiotic survival, gastrointestinal stability, and controlled release in complex food matrices. Rather than relying solely on traditional carriers such as alginate, emerging systems integrate complementary polymers—such as chitosan, pectin, resistant starches, or plant-derived gums—into multilayer or composite capsules. These platforms offer superior protection during processing, storage, and digestion while also improving sensory and functional properties of the final product. Despite promising results, challenges remain in scalability, in vivo validation, and regulatory harmonization. This comprehensive review synthesizes current approaches and highlights future directions for engineering next-generation synbiotic delivery vehicles tailored for real-world food applications.

功能食品设计的最新进展强调了合成胶囊系统的重要性，该系统可以同时保护益生菌并通过共同递送益生元来刺激其活性。本文综述了利用可发酵纤维的创新共胶囊策略，以提高益生菌在复杂食物基质中的存活、胃肠道稳定性和控释。新兴的系统不是仅仅依靠传统的载体，如海藻酸盐，而是将互补聚合物（如壳聚糖、果胶、抗性淀粉或植物源性胶质）整合到多层或复合胶囊中。这些平台在加工、储存和消化过程中提供了卓越的保护，同时也改善了最终产品的感官和功能特性。尽管取得了可喜的结果，但在可扩展性、体内验证和监管协调方面仍然存在挑战。这篇全面的综述综合了目前的方法，并强调了为现实世界的食品应用量身定制的下一代合成递送车辆的未来方向。

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引用次数: 0

Glucomannan-based biodegradable film modified with turmeric and selenium powder for ammonia sensing and smart shrimp packaging 以姜黄和硒粉改性的葡甘露聚糖基可生物降解薄膜用于氨传感和智能虾包装

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101019

Somayeh Mansouryar, Sajad Pirsa, Mir Khalil Pirouzifard

This study reports the development of glucomannan-based biodegradable films (from salep) incorporating bioactive compounds of turmeric powder (TP) and selenium powder (SP) to improve physicochemical properties and enable ammonia sensing. Films were fabricated by the solvent-casting method and evaluated for thickness, mechanical properties, moisture content, solubility, water vapor permeability (WVP), chemical structure, crystallinity, surface morphology, and thermal stability. Results showed that SP, with its mineral nature, increases crystallinity and enhances thermal stability. TP and SP significantly affected film thickness; the TP effect was stronger and more linear, with thickness increasing as its amount rose. Mechanical properties were notably influenced by the type and distribution of the additive in the polymer matrix. Turmeric addition reduced moisture content, while TP increased solubility. SP markedly increased WVP, and TP also raised WVP, though to a lesser extent. SEM images indicated that TP and SP caused substantial changes in surface morphology; SP directed crystallinity while TP promoted amorphousness. The combination yielded a stable semi-amorphous/crystalline structure. Turmeric accelerated degradation of the composite, whereas SP enhanced ultimate thermal stability. The salep-based composite film containing 0.4 g TP and 0.05 g SP (K0.4–0.05) was used as a colorimetric ammonia sensor kit. The optimized formulation (K0.4–0.05) exhibited a linear response to ammonia, high sensitivity, good repeatability (RSD = 1.19 %), and a short response time (2 min). It showed clear color change and high selectivity toward ammonia under gaseous conditions and in real shrimp spoilage tests. This system indicates potential for smart packaging and visual spoilage indicators in the food industry.

本研究报道了基于葡萄糖甘露聚糖的可生物降解薄膜（来自salep）的开发，该薄膜含有姜黄粉（TP）和硒粉（SP）的生物活性化合物，以改善其物理化学性能并实现氨传感。采用溶剂浇铸法制备薄膜，并对薄膜的厚度、力学性能、含水率、溶解度、水蒸气渗透性（WVP）、化学结构、结晶度、表面形貌和热稳定性进行了评价。结果表明，SP的矿物性质增加了结晶度，提高了热稳定性。TP和SP对膜厚影响显著；TP效应更强，线性化程度更高，厚度随TP量的增加而增加。聚合物基体中添加剂的种类和分布对材料的力学性能有显著影响。姜黄的加入降低了水分含量，而TP提高了溶解度。SP显著提高WVP， TP也显著提高WVP，但幅度较小。SEM图像显示，TP和SP引起了表面形貌的明显变化；SP定向结晶度，TP促进非晶度。这种结合产生了稳定的半非晶/晶体结构。姜黄加速了复合材料的降解，而SP增强了最终的热稳定性。采用含有0.4 g TP和0.05 g SP （K0.4-0.05）的salep基复合膜作为比色氨传感器试剂盒。优化后的配方（k0.4 ~ 0.05）对氨有良好的线性响应，灵敏度高，重复性好（RSD = 1.19%），反应时间短（2 min）。在气态条件下和实际虾的腐败试验中，它表现出明显的颜色变化和对氨的高选择性。该系统显示了食品工业中智能包装和视觉腐败指示器的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Deciphering the phosphorylation of chitosan through complementary 1H and 31P{1H} DOSY NMR 通过互补的1H和31P{1H} DOSY NMR破译壳聚糖的磷酸化

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101021

Souhaib Abouricha , Cédric Totee , Steven Le Vot , Abdelouahd Oukhrib , Ouassim Ghodbane , Mohammed Lahcini , Frédéric Favier , Bruno Alonso , Hicham Ben Youcef

Chemical modification of chitosan through phosphorylation has gained significant attention for expanding its applications. However, confirming whether phosphorylating agents form covalent bonds with the chitosan backbone or remain as non-covalently associated species has remained challenging using conventional analytical techniques. The diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) NMR of the complementary probes ¹H and ³¹P nuclei was used for distinguishing among the results of three phosphorylating agents: phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, and dimethyl phosphite. While conventional FTIR and common 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy experiments confirmed the presence of phosphorus-containing groups in all samples, DOSY NMR analysis revealed critical differences in molecular behavior. Chitosan backbone protons exhibited consistently low self-diffusion coefficients (4–9 × 10^–12 m²/s) across all samples. Phosphorus species in samples treated with phosphoric acid and phosphorous acid displayed significantly higher diffusion coefficients (394–548 × 10^–12 m²/s), indicating non-covalent association and freely diffusing in solution. In contrast, dimethyl phosphite treatment produced a ³¹P resonance at 30.3 ppm with a diffusion coefficient of 11 × 10^–12 m²/s, closely matching the chitosan backbone protons values and providing strong evidence for covalent phosphorylation. This work establishes DOSY NMR of complementary probes as a reliable, quick, and simple method for distinguishing between covalent or non-covalent modification of biopolymers.

壳聚糖的磷酸化化学改性在扩大其应用方面受到了广泛的关注。然而，使用传统的分析技术，确定磷酸化剂是否与壳聚糖骨架形成共价键或保持非共价键相关的物种仍然具有挑战性。利用互补探针1H和31P核的扩散有序谱（DOSY） NMR对磷酸、磷酸和亚磷酸二甲酯三种磷酸化剂的结果进行区分。虽然传统的FTIR和常见的1D/2D NMR光谱实验证实了所有样品中含磷基团的存在，但DOSY NMR分析揭示了分子行为的关键差异。壳聚糖主质子在所有样品中均表现出较低的自扩散系数（4-9 × 10-12 m2/s）。磷在磷酸和磷酸处理的样品中表现出较高的扩散系数（394 ~ 548 × 10-12 m2/s），表现出非共价缔合，在溶液中自由扩散。相比之下，亚磷酸二甲酯处理在30.3 ppm下产生31P共振，扩散系数为11 × 10-12 m2/s，与壳聚糖主质子值密切匹配，为共价磷酸化提供了强有力的证据。这项工作建立了互补探针的DOSY NMR作为一种可靠、快速和简单的方法来区分生物聚合物的共价或非共价修饰。

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引用次数: 0

Zn/Cu-loaded functional bacterial cellulose modulates macrophage reprogramming to improve osteointegration and infection treatment 负载Zn/ cu的功能性细菌纤维素调节巨噬细胞重编程以改善骨整合和感染治疗

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101018

Yu Yao , Yuchen Lin , Hongwei Xi , Ruhao Han , Liangjie Tian , Yusheng Yang , Chonghe Cui , Yuhui Chen , Huimin Zhang , Ruixiong Chen , Wangan Li , Qingrong Lin , Rong Zeng , Yanjun Hu

Currently, large segmental bone defects due to accidents, osteomyelitis debridement surgery, and other conditions, the treatments remain difficult. Large segmental bone defects are characterized by long treatment times, poor prognoses, and infectious complications. Although metal ions play crucial roles in directing bone tissue engineering, limited research has concentrated on ion-doped bacterial cellulose’s immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, we developed a mineralized bacterial cellulose (ZnCu-CaP-BC) biomaterial loaded with zinc and copper ions to enhance the bone immune environment and improve bone regeneration, as well as achieve anti-infection effects. The successful preparation of a mineralized bacterial cellulose biomaterial doped with Zn/Cu ions was confirmed by material characterization and biocompatibility experiments. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrated that the developed biomaterial has strong antimicrobial properties and can stimulate macrophages to improve the bone immune microenvironment by both reprogramming macrophages from the M1 to M2 phenotype and increasing the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteoclastogenic protein (OCN). The study performed in vivo experiments to further validate the bone-enhancing and antimicrobial properties of this biomaterial by using a rat femoral condylar defect and subcutaneous infection model. Overall, owing to the excellent antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and bone-enhancing effects of ZnCu-CaP-BC, this material has great potential in the future.

目前，大节段性骨缺损因意外事故、骨髓炎清创手术等情况，治疗仍然困难。大节段性骨缺损的特点是治疗时间长、预后差和感染性并发症。虽然金属离子在指导骨组织工程中起着至关重要的作用，但有限的研究集中在离子掺杂细菌纤维素的免疫调节特性上。因此，我们开发了一种负载锌和铜离子的矿化细菌纤维素（ZnCu-CaP-BC）生物材料，以增强骨免疫环境，促进骨再生，并达到抗感染的效果。通过材料表征和生物相容性实验，成功制备了掺杂Zn/Cu离子的矿化细菌纤维素生物材料。此外，体外实验表明，所开发的生物材料具有较强的抗菌性能，并能通过将巨噬细胞从M1表型重编程为M2表型，增加碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和破骨细胞原蛋白（OCN）的表达，刺激巨噬细胞改善骨免疫微环境。本研究利用大鼠股骨髁缺损和皮下感染模型进行了体内实验，进一步验证了该生物材料的增骨和抗菌性能。总体而言，由于ZnCu-CaP-BC具有优异的抗菌、免疫调节和骨增强作用，该材料在未来具有很大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

An injectable hyaluronic acid hydrogel protects against retinal pigment epithelial injury induced by sodium iodate 一种可注射透明质酸水凝胶对碘酸钠诱导的视网膜色素上皮损伤具有保护作用

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101020

Xu Yang , Linyu Long , Zhengwei Ge , Qing Wang , Jacey Hongjie Ma , Dan Ji , Shibo Tang

The oxidative stress-induced degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and secondary photoreceptor damage are the main causes of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). No effective interventions are currently available for use in clinical practice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design and evaluate the effects of an injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel containing the natural antioxidant myricetin (MY) using both in vitro and in vivo models. To improve the solubility of MY, MY-cyclodextrin (CD) complexes were prepared via host-guest interactions. MY-loaded injectable hydrogel (H-MY) sustained-release formulations were fabricated using adipic acid dihydrazide-modified HA and aldehyde-functionalized HA. Intravitreal injection of the HA hydrogel prolonged the retention time of MY in the eyes of mice, without damaging the normal physiological structures and functions of the organ. Compared with the NaIO₃-treated group, the percentage of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-positive cells in the H-MY-treated group decreased from 30.7 % to 3.21 %, indicating effective inhibition of intracellular ROS production. And the JC-1 aggregation ratio in the H-MY-treated group increased from 49.4 % to 71.9 %, reflecting a notable alleviation of mitochondrial damage. Meanwhile, the proportion of apoptotic cells was reduced from 37.1 % to 25.3 %, demonstrating a significant decrease in cell apoptosis rate. Furthermore, a NaIO₃-induced acute oxidative stress model of retinal degeneration in mice was employed. In this model, intravitreal injection of the H-MY significantly protected retinal structure and preserved tissue physiological functionality. The HA hydrogel has been observed to exhibit modest antioxidant activity, along with acceptable biocompatibility and stability under experimental conditions. These characteristics suggest that it may offer certain reference significance for clinical management of dry AMD.

氧化应激诱导的视网膜色素上皮（RPE）变性和继发性光感受器损伤是干性年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的主要原因。目前没有有效的干预措施可用于临床实践。因此，本研究的目的是设计和评估含有天然抗氧化剂杨梅素（MY）的可注射透明质酸（HA）水凝胶在体外和体内模型中的作用。为了提高MY的溶解度，通过主客体相互作用制备了MY-环糊精（CD）配合物。采用己二酸二肼改性透明质酸和醛官能化透明质酸制备了负载my的注射水凝胶（H-MY）缓释制剂。玻璃体内注射透明质酸水凝胶可延长MY在小鼠眼内的滞留时间，而不损害眼内正常的生理结构和功能。与naio3处理组相比，h - my处理组的活性氧（ROS）阳性细胞比例从30.7%下降到3.21%，表明h - my处理组有效抑制了细胞内ROS的产生。h - my处理组JC-1聚集率从49.4%增加到71.9%，线粒体损伤明显减轻。同时，凋亡细胞比例由37.1%下降到25.3%，细胞凋亡率明显降低。此外，还建立了naio3诱导的小鼠视网膜变性急性氧化应激模型。在该模型中，玻璃体内注射H-MY可显著保护视网膜结构并保留组织生理功能。透明质酸水凝胶已被观察到表现出适度的抗氧化活性，以及在实验条件下可接受的生物相容性和稳定性。这些特点对干性黄斑变性的临床治疗具有一定的参考意义。

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引用次数: 0

Electrospun and freeze-dried PCL/chitosan-gelatin bilayer dressing for enhanced wound healing 电纺丝和冻干PCL/壳聚糖-明胶双层敷料促进伤口愈合

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101016

Mehdi Jalili Ahmadabad , Mahsa Janmohammadi , Zahra Nazemi , Marjan Bahraminasab , Samaneh Arab , Mohammad Sadegh Nourbakhsh

A double-layer (DL) wound dressing was developed by integrating electrospinning and freeze-drying techniques. The electrospun top layer (PCL/Cs) provided hydrophobicity and resistance to bacterial penetration. The incorporation of 5 % Cs increased the tensile strength of nanofibers from 5.4 ± 2.26 MPa to 12.9 ± 2.23 MPa. The freeze-dried bottom layer (Cs/Gel) exhibited a high swelling ratio exceeding 500 %, and compressive properties ranging from 0.35 to 1.36 MPa. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) for Cs-Gel single layers was within the range of 2000–2500 g/m²/day, while DL-50Cs and DL-25Cs exhibited WVTRs of 3300 ± 110 and 1993 ± 136 g/m²/day, respectively. The samples showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus (Cs25-Gel75 (82 %), Cs50-Gel50 (72 %), DL-50Cs (78 %), DL-25Cs (79 %), PCL-Cs5 % (41 %)). The MTT revealed high cell viability for all samples, with DL-25Cs showing 453 ± 111 % viability after 3 days and 201 ± 12 % viability after 7 days. The scratch assay on L929 cells showed enhanced wound closure for all samples compared with the control (16 ± 11 %), Cs25-Gel75 (18 ± 6 %), Cs50-Gel50 (19 ± 10 %), DL-50Cs (21 ± 9 %), and DL-25Cs (23 ± 5 %). DL-25Cs exhibited the highest closure, indicating improved cell migration potential due to the double-layer structure.

将静电纺丝和冷冻干燥技术相结合，研制了一种双层创面敷料。静电纺顶层（PCL/Cs）具有疏水性和抗细菌渗透能力。5% Cs的掺入使纳米纤维的抗拉强度由5.4±2.26 MPa提高到12.9±2.23 MPa。冻干后的底层（Cs/Gel）溶胀率超过500%，压缩性能在0.35 ~ 1.36 MPa之间。Cs-Gel单层的水蒸气透过率（WVTR）在2000 ~ 2500 g/m²/day之间，DL-50Cs和DL-25Cs的水蒸气透过率分别为3300±110和1993±136 g/m²/day。样品对金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus, Cs25-Gel75（82%）、Cs50-Gel50（72%）、DL-50Cs（78%）、DL-25Cs（79%）、PCL-Cs5(41%)）均有抑菌活性。MTT显示所有样品的细胞活力都很高，DL-25Cs在3天后的活力为453±111%，在7天后的活力为201±12%。L929细胞划痕实验显示，与对照组（16±11%）、Cs25-Gel75（18±6%）、Cs50-Gel50（19±10%）、DL-50Cs（21±9%）和DL-25Cs（23±5%）相比，所有样本的伤口愈合程度都有所提高。DL-25Cs表现出最高的闭合性，表明双层结构提高了细胞迁移潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Role of liquid crystal behavior of CNC/PEGDA/collagen suspensions on their orthotropic organization obtained by ultrafiltration and ultrasound CNC/PEGDA/胶原混悬液的液晶行为对其正交各向异性组织的影响

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101015

F. Bosson , A. Laviron , M. Karrouch , L. Metilli , N. Hengl , V. Delplace , F. Pignon

This study explored the effect of adding biologically relevant macromolecules on the preservation of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) orthotropic organization already obtained in aqueous media, via the combined action of frontal ultrafiltration (FU) and ultrasound (US). In particular, the effect of a photocurable polymer poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) with aqueous CNC suspension, in 80/20 weight ratio [water/PEGDA] and collagen were explored. Rheometric and polarized light microscopy measurements were used to reveal the liquid crystal behavior of suspensions. In situ dichroism during the FU/US process allowed to examine the conservation of orthotropic organization. First, the results have proved that the liquid crystal-like behavior is essential for achieving the desired orthotropic orientation of CNC/PEGDA/Collagen suspensions under FU and US. Second, acoustic power and filtration time have been identified as key parameters in preserving the orthotropic arrangement. Third, specific formulation conditions have been found to successfully achieved the orthotropic structure: i) without collagen, 20 wt% PEGDA and 5 to 8 wt% CNC; and ii) with collagen at acidic pH, 20 wt% PEGDA, 6 to 8 wt% CNC, and 0.01 to 0.1 mg/mL collagen. These findings pave the way for future investigations to produce orthotropic hydrogels for tissue engineering, by combining FU/US process with photocrosslinking.

本研究通过正面超滤（FU）和超声（US）的联合作用，探讨了添加生物相关大分子对水介质中已获得的纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）正交各向异性组织保存的影响。特别地，探讨了光固化聚合物聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯（PEGDA）与水性CNC悬浮液，在80/20重量比[水/PEGDA]和胶原蛋白的影响。流变学和偏振光显微镜测量揭示了悬浮液的液晶行为。在FU/US过程中的原位二色性允许检查正交异性组织的保存。首先，结果证明了液晶样行为对于在FU和US下实现CNC/PEGDA/Collagen悬浮液所期望的正交各向异性取向至关重要。其次，确定声功率和过滤时间是保持正交各向异性排列的关键参数。第三，已经找到了成功实现正交异性结构的特定配方条件：i)不含胶原蛋白，20 wt% PEGDA和5 ~ 8 wt% CNC；ii)酸性pH下的胶原，20 wt% PEGDA, 6 ~ 8 wt% CNC, 0.01 ~ 0.1 mg/mL胶原。这些发现为通过将FU/US工艺与光交联相结合来生产用于组织工程的正交各向异性水凝胶铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Model-driven high-level expression of β-mannanase in Pichia pastoris for degrading mannan in palm kernel expeller 模型驱动的β-甘露聚糖酶在毕赤酵母中的高水平表达，用于降解棕榈仁机中的甘露聚糖

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101017

Youyan Rong , Kai Hong , Cancan Dong, Yanfeng Wang, Le Gao, Xin Wu

Palm kernel expeller (PKE), a copious byproduct, is limited in its application to non-ruminant diets due to the presence of antinutritive factors, predominantly galactomannan, necessitating effective enzymatic hydrolysis by β-mannanase to enhance its nutritional value. Here, a cross-strategy combining the predicting mutations with enhanced protein expression (PMEPE) model with B-factor analysis was employed to rationally modify the gene encoding β-mannanase CsMan5A in Pichia pastoris. The expression level of mutant CsMan5A-Q7S improved 17 % compared to the wild type, reaching 16.38 g/L, which resulted in an increased enzyme activity titer of 147,597 U/mL and specific enzyme activity of 9010.81 U/mg, respectively increasing by 32.87 % and 13.81 % compared to the wild-type. Then, the expression of CsMan5A-Q7S was further elevated to 18.70 g/L through cell wall engineering. Computational simulations explained the mechanism of the superior thermostability and activity observed in the CsMan5A-Q7S mutant, which presented a more stable overall structure than the wild type. The residue left after hydrolysis by CsMan5A-Q7S had lower fiber content, as well as higher protein content, thereby effectively enhancing its feed quality. This study achieved exceptional phenotypic enhancement of β-mannanase production in Pichia pastoris by an effective strategy through computational modeling, protein engineering, and cell wall modification strategies.

棕榈仁提取物（PKE）是一种丰富的副产品，由于存在抗营养因子，主要是半乳甘露聚糖，因此在非反刍动物日粮中的应用受到限制，需要通过β-甘露聚糖酶有效地酶解以提高其营养价值。本研究采用预测突变与增强蛋白表达（PMEPE）模型结合b因子分析的交叉策略，对毕赤酵母β-甘露聚糖酶CsMan5A编码基因进行合理修饰。突变体CsMan5A-Q7S的表达量比野生型提高了17%，达到16.38 g/L，酶活性滴度为147,597 U/mL，比酶活性为9010.81 U/mg，分别比野生型提高了32.87%和13.81%。然后通过细胞壁工程将CsMan5A-Q7S的表达量进一步提高到18.70 g/L。计算模拟解释了在CsMan5A-Q7S突变体中观察到的优越的热稳定性和活性的机制，该突变体比野生型具有更稳定的整体结构。经CsMan5A-Q7S水解后的残渣纤维含量较低，蛋白质含量较高，有效提高了饲料品质。本研究通过计算建模、蛋白质工程和细胞壁修饰等有效策略，实现了毕赤酵母β-甘露聚糖酶生产的卓越表型增强。

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引用次数: 0