Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications最新文献_第9页

A novel chemical approach for the development of thioesterified cellulose derivatives 开发硫酯化纤维素衍生物的新型化学方法

IF 6.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100608

Md. Sadiqul Islam Sheikh , Muhammed Shah Miran, Md. Abu Bin Hasan Susan, Md. Mominul Islam

In this study, thioesterified cellulose was synthesized by grafting thiol moiety onto α-cellulose, which was first oxidized with different reactive oxygen species such as H₂O₂, Fenton reagent (FR), and peroxyacetic acid in aqueous solution. The thioesterification was done by refluxing oxidized cellulose with ethanedithiol in a mixture of toluene and water (4:1) at 85°C for 6 h. The modification of cellulose was evidenced by FTIR, Raman, solid-state ¹³C CP MAS NMR spectroscopy, conductometric titration, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, zeta potential measurement, molecular weight determination, and SEM analysis. The characteristic absorption bands for −C=O and −C(=O)−S− bonds in FTIR and Raman spectra were suggestive of the modification of cellulose. 20 % FR was the most efficient in introducing the highest amount (158.93 μmol g⁻¹) of the -COOH groups, while cleavage of cellulose backbone was found to take place as evidenced by the result of the degree of polymerization. The presence of new peaks in ¹³C CP MAS NMR spectra of thiol-functionalized cellulose ascertained the anchoring of thiol onto oxidized cellulose. Additionally, the significant decrease in the C6 signals for the amorphous region of thiol-modified cellulose provided information about successful modification. In addition, the degree of substitution was determined to be about 0.025. The efficacious functionalization was further supported by the measurement of zeta potential, wherein thioesterified cellulose exhibited the highest negative zeta potential due to increased hydrophobicity. This study would open up a new route for the development of important derivatives of cellulose, including cellulose dimer, containing the thioester group which is the backbone of many antibiotics and natural products.

本研究通过在α-纤维素上接枝硫醇来合成硫酯化纤维素，α-纤维素首先在水溶液中被不同的活性氧氧化，如H2O2、芬顿试剂（FR）和过氧乙酸。傅立叶变换红外光谱、拉曼光谱、固态 13C CP MAS NMR 光谱、电导滴定、热重分析、X 射线衍射、Zeta 电位测量、分子量测定和扫描电镜分析都证明了纤维素的改性。傅立叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱中 -C=O 和 -C(=O)-S- 键的特征吸收带表明纤维素发生了改性。20 % FR 能最有效地引入最高量（158.93 μmol g-1）的 -COOH 基团，而聚合度结果表明纤维素骨架发生了裂解。硫醇官能化纤维素的 13C CP MAS NMR 光谱中出现的新峰确定了硫醇在氧化纤维素上的锚定。此外，硫醇改性纤维素无定形区 C6 信号的显著下降也提供了改性成功的信息。此外，还确定了取代度约为 0.025。ZETA电位的测量进一步证实了功能化的有效性，其中硫酯化纤维素由于疏水性增强而表现出最高的负ZETA电位。这项研究为开发重要的纤维素衍生物（包括含有硫酯基团的纤维素二聚体）开辟了一条新途径，硫酯基团是许多抗生素和天然产品的骨架。

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引用次数: 0

Properties and emulsifying performance of octenyl succinic anhydride-modified starch from an Andean Pseudocereal: Cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaulle Aellen)

IF 6.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100605

Lucero Villalobos-Fernandez, Marianela Inga, Indira Betalleluz-Pallardel

Cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaulle Aellen) is an underutilized Andean pseudocereal with high starch content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical, structural and functional properties of native cañihua starch (CS) esterified with 2-Octen-1-yl succinic anhydride (OSA) at 3 % level (CS-OSA), and to investigate their application in oil in water emulsions (O/W) in comparison to quinoa starch (QS; QS-OSA). The oil/water emulsions stabilized with native and OSA-modified gelatinized starch were evaluated for emulsifying activity (EA), emulsion stability (ES), and storage stability of morphology, particle size distribution, polydispersity index (PDI), volume mean diameter, and visual appearance. The degree of substitution and reaction efficiency were 0.0191 and 82.7 % for CS, 0.0179 and 77.5 % for QS, respectively. FTIR analysis confirmed successful OSA incorporation, revealing new peaks at 1722 cm⁻¹ and 1563 cm⁻¹. The main changes in the functional properties after esterification included increased particle size (CS: 0.942–1.167 µm; QS: 1.085–1.304 µm), and peak viscosity (CS: 4327.5–6886.0 cP; QS: 4903.0-8654.0 cP). Additionally, there was reduction in amylose content (CS: 12.6–10.51 %; QS: 10.12–8.89 %), crystallinity (CS: 26.34–17.87 %; QS: 28.10–25.53 %), syneresis at day 7 (CS: 7.29–0.28 %; QS: 30.16–0.25 %) pasting temperature (CS: 66.03–62.3 °C and QS: 68.23–62.7 °C) and gelatinization enthalpy (CS: 4.89–3.35 J/g; QS: 8.58–4.30 J/g). Emulsions containing gelatinized OSA starch (EBCS-OSA and EBQS-OSA) showing superior EA and ES than emulsions with gelatinized native starch. After 15 days, EBCS-OSA and EBQS-OSA exhibited higher stability than EBCS and EBQS, with lower D_4,3 values and PDI. These findings support the possible application in industrial processes as emulsifiers, offering a novel approach to leveraging Andean crops.

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引用次数: 0

Production of cellulose nanocrystals from the waste banana (M. oranta) tree rachis fiber as a reinforcement to fabricate useful bionanocomposite 利用废弃香蕉树轴纤维生产纤维素纳米晶体，作为制造有用的仿生复合材料的增强材料

IF 6.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100607

Md. Mahmudur Rahman , Md. Elius Hosen Pk , Md. Waliullah , Md. Ismail Hossain , Mohd. Maniruzzaman , Bijoy Chandra Ghos

It is crucial to produce CNCs from the waste biomass of secondary plants to reduce the extra pressure on primary plants which have other advantageous applications in many sectors. Whereas the useless banana (M. oranta) rachis after harvesting its edible part could be a very new and beneficial one. Meanwhile, several well-known methods could be conducted, namely water retting, scouring, alkali treatment, chlorite bleaching, and acid hydrolysis, to yield high-quality CNCs. The samples of all stages were characterized by several state-of-the-art techniques, namely FTIR-ATR, TGA, FESEM, XRD, UV–vis-NIR, DLS, and zeta potential analysis, for a better understanding of their structural properties/purity. However, obtained results recommended that the CNCs have shown extensive active edges, greater thermal improvement up to 700 °C, high crystallinity around 81.07±0.15% with JCPDS-ICDD card number (00-056-1718), a honeycomb-like porous microstructure, and promising spherical shapes along with an average size around 50 nm. Additionally, the newly produced CNCs were free from all impurities and coloring materials and revealed a higher negatively charged surface around -45 mV. Therefore, due to these outstanding features, banana rachis CNCs with a high yield (around 82.05±0.06%) would be beneficially used as promising reinforcement to fabricate useful bionanocomposite for various applications to replace fossil-based hazardous synthetic materials.

利用次生植物的废弃生物质生产氯化萘至关重要，可减轻对原生植物的额外压力，因为原生植物在许多领域都有其他有利应用。而收获香蕉（M. oranta）可食用部分后无用的香蕉轴可能是一种非常有益的新材料。同时，还可采用几种众所周知的方法，即水洗、冲洗、碱处理、亚氯酸盐漂白和酸水解，以获得高质量的 CNC。为了更好地了解其结构特性/纯度，对所有阶段的样品都采用了几种最先进的技术进行表征，即傅立叶变换红外-原子吸收光谱（FTIR-ATR）、热重分析（TGA）、外表面可见光（FESEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、紫外-可见-近红外（UV-vis-NIR）、DLS和ZETA电位分析。然而，所获得的结果表明，这些 CNC 具有广泛的活性边缘，在 700 °C 以下具有更大的热改善作用，结晶度高，约为 81.07±0.15%（JCPDS-ICDD 卡号 (00-056-1718)），具有蜂窝状多孔微结构，具有良好的球形形状，平均尺寸约为 50 nm。此外，新制备的 CNC 不含任何杂质和着色材料，并显示出较高的负电荷表面，约为 -45 mV。因此，由于这些突出特点，香蕉茎秆碳纳米管具有较高的产率（约为 82.05±0.06%），可作为有前途的增强材料，用于制造有用的仿生复合材料，以取代化石基有害合成材料，并应用于各种领域。

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引用次数: 0

Hyperbranched polylysine/oxidized carboxymethyl cellolose integrated gelatin composite for wound treatment 用于伤口治疗的超支化聚赖氨酸/氧化羧甲基纤维素集成明胶复合材料

IF 6.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100606

Fatemeh Hakimi , Moein Kosari , Parya Esmaeelnejad , Shabnam Sattari , Fahimeh Kazeminava , Sheida Moradi , Motaleb Ghasemian , Mohsen Adeli , Zainab Ahmadian

Herein, we report the preparation and evaluation of a new composite consisting of gelatin matrix, oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose (OCMC), and hyperbranched polylysine (PL) components for full-thickness wound treatment. To enhance the antimicrobial activity of the gelatin matrix, OCMC/PL was successfully combined with this matrix via the Schiff base reaction. Moreover, allantoin (Alla) as a drug model was loaded by this composite and the optimal formulation for wound healing (PLOCG-Alla) was obtained. The structural properties, thermal stability, crystallinity and interactions between materials were investigated using SEM, TGA, XRD and FTIR techniques. Cytotoxicity and antibacterial capacity were evaluated by MTT assay and colony counting methods, respectively. The release behavior was investigated at two different pH values. Blood coagulation and wound healing potential were also evaluated in vivo. PLOCG-Alla exhibited high antibacterial capacity, pH-dependent release behavior, biocompatibility and high blood clotting ability. It also accelerated wound healing in vivo.

在此，我们报告了一种由明胶基质、氧化羧甲基纤维素（OCMC）和超支化聚赖氨酸（PL）成分组成的新型复合材料的制备和评估情况，该复合材料可用于全厚伤口治疗。为了增强明胶基质的抗菌活性，OCMC/PL 通过希夫碱反应与明胶基质成功结合。此外，该复合材料还添加了尿囊素（Alla）作为药物模型，并获得了用于伤口愈合的最佳配方（PLOCG-Alla）。利用 SEM、TGA、XRD 和 FTIR 技术研究了材料的结构特性、热稳定性、结晶度和相互作用。细胞毒性和抗菌能力分别通过 MTT 法和菌落计数法进行了评估。研究了两种不同 pH 值下的释放行为。此外，还对体内血液凝固和伤口愈合潜力进行了评估。结果表明，PLOCG-Alla 具有很高的抗菌能力、随 pH 值变化的释放行为、生物相容性和较高的凝血能力。它还能加速体内伤口愈合。

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引用次数: 0

Novel waste wool fabric reinforced alginate-gum hydrogel composites for rapid and selective Pb (II) adsorption 用于快速、选择性吸附铅 (II) 的新型废羊毛织物增强海藻酸胶水凝胶复合材料

IF 6.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100601

Farooq Azam , Sultan Ali , Faheem Ahmad , Sheraz Ahmad , Abher Rasheed , Yasir Nawab , Muhammad Sohail Zafar , Muhammad Amber Fareed , Moyad Shahwan

Heavy metals employed in various industrial applications can negatively impact both the ecosystem and human beings. Common techniques for eliminating pollutants often rely on expensive materials. So, this study focuses on exploring economical alternatives obtained from nature and textile waste. In this study, a hydrogel composite was synthesized using wool nonwoven fabric mixed with alginate, gum Arabic (GA), and xanthan gum (XG) to evaluate its efficacy in adsorbing lead (Pb) from aqueous solutions. The composites were characterized using SEM, FTIR, and XPS to understand their structure and composition before and after Pb adsorption. The effects of time, pH, and initial metal ion concentration on Pb adsorption by the composite were also investigated. Maximum adsorption was observed at a basic pH, with the highest value recorded at 85.2 mg/g. Notably, 88.2 % of this maximum adsorption was achieved within 60 min, indicating a rapid adsorption process. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process best fits pseudo-second-order kinetics, while the Freundlich model, with an R² value of 0.95, suggests a chemisorption mechanism. The developed wool-alginate-gum hydrogel composite has shown to be a promising candidate for the removal of Pb²⁺ ions from wastewater.

各种工业应用中使用的重金属会对生态系统和人类造成负面影响。消除污染物的常用技术往往依赖于昂贵的材料。因此，本研究侧重于探索从自然界和纺织废料中获取的经济替代品。本研究使用羊毛无纺布与海藻酸盐、阿拉伯树胶（GA）和黄原胶（XG）混合合成了一种水凝胶复合材料，以评估其吸附水溶液中铅（Pb）的功效。使用扫描电镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱和 XPS 对复合材料进行了表征，以了解其吸附铅前后的结构和组成。此外，还研究了时间、pH 值和初始金属离子浓度对复合材料吸附铅的影响。在碱性 pH 值下，吸附量最大，最高值为 85.2 mg/g。值得注意的是，最大吸附量的 88.2% 是在 60 分钟内实现的，这表明吸附过程非常迅速。动力学研究表明，吸附过程最符合伪二阶动力学，而 Freundlich 模型的 R² 值为 0.95，表明了化学吸附机制。研究表明，所开发的羊毛-海藻酸胶水凝胶复合材料有望用于去除废水中的铅⁺离子。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation and characterization of crystalline nanocellulose from keya (Pandanus tectorius) L. fiber as potential reinforcement in sustainable bionanocomposite: A waste to wealth scheme 作为可持续仿生复合材料潜在增强材料的匙吻鲟（Pandanus tectorius）纤维结晶纳米纤维素的制备与表征：变废为宝计划

IF 6.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100600

Md. Ismail Hossain , Md. Mahmudur Rahman , Bijoy Chandra Ghos , Md. Abdul Gafur , Md. Ashraful Alam , M. Ahasanur Rabbi

Nowadays naturally available bio-renewable plant fiber-derived crystalline nanocellulose(CNC) is very attractive to researchers due to its outstanding physicochemical, thermomechanical, morphological properties and eco-friendly nature. Here, CNC was produced from a very much new, innovative, and beneficial source namely Keya leaf fiber (agro-waste biomass). Keya leaves were chosen due to their extensive abundance in Bangladesh which is useless and even not considered as cattle food. The extracted CNC was characterized by FTIR-ATR,TGA/DTG/DTA, FESEM,EDX,XRD,DLS,UV-vis-NIR, and zeta potential analysis. Morphological changes of the subjected samples have been investigated by FESEM and the surface elemental change by EDX analysis. The elimination of impurities and other components from the fiber in each step has been evaluated by monitoring the introduction of new peaks and perishing existing peaks in FTIR patterns. Significant changes have been noticed in the intensities and peak pattern of the XRD analysis and the crystallinity index was promoted gradually from RF(45.35 %) to CNC(61.31 %). The thermal analysis showed that the maximum rate of decomposition(μg/min) decreases with the chemical modification in order of RF(1440) > ATF(3510) > BF(3280) > CNC(600). Due to these outstanding findings, the newly produced CNC can be beneficially used as a reinforcement to produce multifunctional bionanocomposites that should have a good agreement with sustainable environmental protection.

目前，天然的可再生生物植物纤维衍生结晶纳米纤维素（CNC）因其出色的物理化学、热力学、形态学特性和生态友好性而对研究人员极具吸引力。在这里，纳米纤维素是从一种非常新颖、创新和有益的来源，即 Keya 叶纤维（农业废弃物生物质）中生产出来的。选择 Keya 树叶是因为孟加拉国盛产这种树叶，而这种树叶是无用的，甚至不被视为牛的食物。提取的 CNC 通过 FTIR-ATR、TGA/DTG/DTA、FESEM、EDX、XRD、DLS、UV-vis-NIR 和 zeta 电位分析进行表征。通过 FESEM 和 EDX 分析，研究了受试样品的形态变化和表面元素变化。通过监测傅立叶变换红外图谱中新峰值的出现和现有峰值的消失，评估了每个步骤中纤维中杂质和其他成分的消除情况。XRD 分析的强度和峰型发生了显著变化，结晶度指数从 RF（45.35%）逐渐上升到 CNC（61.31%）。热分析表明，最大分解率（μg/min）随化学改性程度的增加而降低，依次为 RF(1440) > ATF(3510) > BF(3280) > CNC(600)。由于这些出色的发现，新制备的 CNC 可作为增强剂用于生产多功能仿生复合材料，这与可持续的环境保护具有良好的一致性。

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引用次数: 0

Fructo-oligosaccharides and polyfructans derived from Ophiopogon japonicus ameliorate experimental colitis by regulating the gut microbiota 日本麦角提取的果寡糖和多聚果糖通过调节肠道微生物群改善实验性结肠炎

IF 6.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100602

Wen Liu , Qin Yuan , Hongyi Li , Haotong He , Tao Ren , Dingtao Wu , Shengpeng Wang , Xiaojia Chen

Ophiopogon japonicus (O. japonicus) is a traditional medicinal herb and also used as a functional food, where carbohydrates are the key component. We aimed to investigate the structure and activity of O. japonicus polysaccharides (OJP) and oligosaccharides (OJO). OJP was mainly composed of fructose with a molecular weight of 4707 Da, while OJO was mainly composed of fructose and glucose with a molecular weight of 1765 Da. Both OJO and OJP exhibited protective effects against barrier function injury in Caenorhabditis elegans. In colitis mice, OJP and OJO exhibited noticeable relief effects, while OJO significantly promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids compared to OJP. Moreover, OJO had a more pronounced effect in promoting the level of norank_f__Muribaculaceae and norank_f__norank_o__Clostridia_UCG-014. Overall, our findings indicate that molecular weight plays an important role in the anti-inflammatory activities of OJO and OJP and suggest their potential development as therapeutics or functional foods.

日本麦冬（Ophiopogon japonicus，O. japonicus）是一种传统药材，也可用作功能性食品，其主要成分是碳水化合物。我们旨在研究日本麦冬多糖（OJP）和低聚糖（OJO）的结构和活性。OJP 主要由果糖组成，分子量为 4707 Da，而 OJO 主要由果糖和葡萄糖组成，分子量为 1765 Da。OJO 和 OJP 对草履虫的屏障功能损伤均有保护作用。在结肠炎小鼠中，OJP 和 OJO 都有明显的缓解作用，而与 OJP 相比，OJO 能显著促进短链脂肪酸的产生。此外，OJO 在促进 norank_f__Muribaculaceae 和 norank_f__norank_o__Clostridia_UCG-014 水平方面的效果更为明显。总之，我们的研究结果表明，分子量在 OJO 和 OJP 的抗炎活性中起着重要作用，这表明它们有可能发展成为治疗药物或功能食品。

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引用次数: 0

Reinforcing chitosan film with a natural nanofiller “Zein-methyl cellulose loaded curcumin” for improving its physicochemical properties and wound healing activity 用天然纳米填料 "添加姜黄素的玉米素-甲基纤维素 "增强壳聚糖薄膜，以改善其理化特性和伤口愈合活性

IF 6.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100593

Sana Farouk Abaza , Nihal Saad Elbialy , Reem Darwesh , Noha Mohamed

Selecting the appropriate biomaterials for fabricating a wound dressing is an essential issue for accelerating the process of wound healing. The biopolymer “chitosan” attracted attention owing to its non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, chitosan showed poor mechanical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. These limitations can be encountered by its conjugation with a nanofiller reinforcing and improving the film properties. The proposed nanofiller, derived from zein-methylcellulose loaded curcumin (ZeinMCNPs) was incorporated with different concentrations into a chitosan matrix (Ch) forming Ch/ZeinMCNPs1–3 films. Ch/ZeinMCNPs3 film showed a significant improvement in tensile strength, elongation at break% and Young's modulus over Ch film. Notably, the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the Ch/ZeinMCNP1–3 films signified enhancement over chitosan. In wound rat model, wound healing contraction reached 96 % and 98 % for Ch/ZeinMCNPs2,3 opposite to 79 % for Ch film. In Ch/ZeinMCNPs2,3 treated wounds, H&E tissues sections revealed a reduction in inflammation, an enhancement in re-epithelization and neovascularization. Furthermore, Ch/ZeinMCNPs2,3 films boosted more collagen deposition as shown in MTC sections. Ch/ZeinMCNPs2,3 significantly increased SOD level (at day 7 and14) with a decrease in MDA level. Overall, the present study declares Ch/ZeinMCNPs nanocomposite film as a multifunctional wound dressing category covering the necessitates required for accelerating wound healing process safely.

选择合适的生物材料制作伤口敷料是加速伤口愈合过程的关键问题。生物聚合物 "壳聚糖 "因其无毒性、生物相容性和生物可降解性而备受关注。然而，壳聚糖的机械、抗氧化和抗菌性能较差。通过将壳聚糖与纳米填料共轭，可以增强和改善薄膜的性能，从而克服这些局限性。拟议中的纳米填料来自负载姜黄素的玉米素-甲基纤维素（ZeinMCNPs），以不同的浓度加入壳聚糖基质（Ch）中，形成 Ch/ZeinMCNPs1-3 薄膜。与 Ch 薄膜相比，Ch/ZeinMCNPs3 薄膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和杨氏模量都有显著提高。值得注意的是，Ch/ZeinMCNPs1-3 薄膜的抗菌和抗氧化活性明显高于壳聚糖。在大鼠伤口模型中，Ch/ZeinMCNPs2,3 的伤口愈合收缩率分别达到 96% 和 98%，而 Ch 膜仅为 79%。在 Ch/ZeinMCNPs2,3 处理过的伤口中，H&E 组织切片显示炎症减轻，再上皮和新生血管增加。此外，如 MTC 切片所示，Ch/ZeinMCNPs2,3 薄膜促进了更多胶原蛋白的沉积。Ch/ZeinMCNPs2,3 能显著提高 SOD 水平（第 7 天和第 14 天），同时降低 MDA 水平。总之，本研究表明 Ch/ZeinMCNPs 纳米复合膜是一种多功能伤口敷料，可安全地加速伤口愈合过程。

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引用次数: 0

Plant-based chitosan for the development of biodegradable packaging materials 用于开发可生物降解包装材料的植物基壳聚糖

IF 6.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100598

Adity Bahndral , Rafeeya Shams , Pintu Choudhary

Plant-derived materials and edible films have developed as viable substitutes for standard packaging materials, enabling sustainable and ecologically acceptable alternatives. Chitosan, a cationic carbohydrate polymer derived from animal or marine sources, as well as from agricultural waste such as mushrooms or various fungi possesses excellent properties such as film formation, mechanical strength, non-toxicity, biodegradability, edibility, UV-blocking ability, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial functionality, justifying its potential as packaging/coating material for fresh agricultural products. Chitosan is obtained through the deacetylation of chitin. The quantity of waste generated in a mushroom farm varies from 5–20 % of the total yielding quantity. Filamentous fungi's cellular structure, which is rich in chitin, provides a convenient method for chitin extraction. Fungal-derived chitosan offers the advantage of controllable physicochemical characteristics, including degree of deacetylation and molecular weight, compared to chitosan obtained from crustaceans. This versatility makes fungal chitosan suitable for various utilizations in food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical management. It can be utilised for different purposes in these fields. This review primarily emphasizes the extraction of chitin from mushrooms and various fungal sources, comparing different extraction methods and chitosan-based materials fabrication techniques. Additionally, it discusses the crucial characteristics of chitosan that make it convenient for high value-added functions in the food industry. To sum up, plant-based chitosan films have the potential to completely transform the packaging sector by providing environmentally friendly substitutes for traditional materials. Accepting these advances will help build a more resilient and sustainable earth, encourage the circular economy, and reduce the amount of plastic trash produced.

植物提取的材料和可食用薄膜已发展成为标准包装材料的可行替代品，实现了可持续发展和生态上可接受的替代品。壳聚糖是一种阳离子碳水化合物聚合物，从动物或海洋来源以及蘑菇或各种真菌等农业废弃物中提取，具有成膜性、机械强度、无毒性、生物降解性、可食性、紫外线阻隔能力、抗氧化活性和抗菌功能等优良特性，因此有可能成为新鲜农产品的包装/涂层材料。壳聚糖是通过甲壳素的脱乙酰化作用获得的。蘑菇农场产生的废料量占总产量的 5-20% 不等。丝状真菌的细胞结构富含甲壳素，为提取甲壳素提供了便捷的方法。与从甲壳类动物中提取的壳聚糖相比，真菌提取的壳聚糖具有理化特性可控的优势，包括脱乙酰度和分子量。这种多功能性使真菌壳聚糖适用于食品、制药和生物医学管理领域的各种用途。它可用于这些领域的不同目的。本综述主要强调从蘑菇和各种真菌来源中提取甲壳素，比较不同的提取方法和基于壳聚糖的材料制造技术。此外，本综述还讨论了壳聚糖的关键特性，这些特性使壳聚糖能够在食品工业中发挥高附加值功能。总之，植物基壳聚糖薄膜具有彻底改变包装行业的潜力，可作为传统材料的环保型替代品。接受这些进步将有助于建设一个更具韧性和可持续发展的地球，鼓励循环经济，并减少塑料垃圾的产生量。

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引用次数: 0

Co-encapsulation of probiotic bacteria and fructooligosaccharides in basil seed gum-stabilized double emulsion gels: Probiotic viability and physicochemical properties 罗勒籽胶稳定双乳胶中益生菌和果寡糖的共包囊：益生菌活力和理化特性

IF 6.2 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100599

Abolfazl Taghrir, Mohammad Hadi Eskandari, Hadi Hashemi, Seyed Mohammad Hashem Hosseini

Double emulsions (DEs) present many potential applications for encapsulating and protecting probiotics. However, their high instability limit their real applications. To improve the prolonged stability of DEs, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus gasseri were separately co-encapsulated together in the presence of fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) and basil seed gum (BSG) within the internal (W₁) and external (W₂) aqueous phases of double emulsion gels (DEGs; W_1-sol/O/W_2-gel). Physical properties of DEGs, and viability of probiotics during heat processing, gastrointestinal digestion and storage were evaluated. Appropriate physical stability was observed during storage for 28 d at 4 ± 2 °C. The FOSs and microorganism type showed not effect on the droplet size (10.63 to 10.47 µm). Turbidimetry, physical stability, and morphological studies revealed the formation of aggregated droplets after 3 weeks. All DEGs presented high (>90 %) encapsulation efficiency. The viability of microencapsulated probiotics over time (14.89–14.08 %) and against simulated gastrointestinal conditions was higher than that of free cells. The encapsulation of bacteria in W₁ in the presence of FOSs led to a significant improvement of viability against heat (only 1.35 % to 6.83 % reduction at 72 °C). L. gasseri showed a higher stability against environmental conditions. Finally, BSG-stabilized DEGs can be considered for increasing the viability of probiotic in functional foods.

双乳液（DE）在封装和保护益生菌方面有许多潜在的应用。然而，它们的高不稳定性限制了它们的实际应用。为了提高双乳液的长期稳定性，在双乳液凝胶（DEGs；W1-溶胶/O/W2-凝胶）的内部（W1）和外部（W2）水相中，在果寡糖（FOSs）和罗勒籽胶（BSG）的存在下，分别将鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus）和加塞勒斯乳杆菌（Lactobacillus gasseri）共同封装在一起。对 DEGs 的物理特性以及益生菌在热加工、胃肠道消化和储存过程中的存活率进行了评估。在 4 ± 2 °C 下贮藏 28 天期间，观察到了适当的物理稳定性。果寡糖和微生物类型对液滴大小（10.63 至 10.47 微米）没有影响。浊度、物理稳定性和形态学研究表明，3 周后会形成聚集的液滴。所有 DEGs 的封装效率都很高（90%）。微胶囊益生菌的存活率（14.89%-14.08%）和在模拟胃肠道条件下的存活率均高于游离细胞。在有 FOSs 存在的情况下将细菌封装在 W1 中，可显著提高抗热活力（72 °C 时仅降低 1.35% 至 6.83%）。L. gasseri 在环境条件下表现出更高的稳定性。最后，BSG 稳定的 DEGs 可用于提高功能性食品中益生菌的活力。

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引用次数: 0