Carbon Neutralization最新文献

The effective storage and utilization of hydrogen energy is expected to solve the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution currently faced by human society. Metal–organic framework materials (MOFs) have been shown by scientists to be very potential hydrogen storage materials. However, the current design methods and strategies for MOFs are still generally in the trial-and-error stage, and the research works are at the overall level. To solve the problems of directional design and rational construction of new MOFs, this work uses the principles and methods of coordination chemistry and crystal engineering to carry out the theoretical design and mechanism research of new MOFs for high-efficiency hydrogen storage application scenarios. In this study, the structures selected for theoretical calculation were divided into two types: different ligands for the same metal (IRMOFs, MOF-205, and DUT-23-Zn) and different metals for the same ligand (DUT-23-M [(M = Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn]). The model construction process, hydrogen loading with temperature, specific surface area, hydrogen adsorption energy, charge density and hydrogen storage mechanism of the above structures were analyzed, and the key indicators that may affect the hydrogen storage performance of MOFs were summarized: type and quantity of coordination metals, temperature, pressure, adsorption site and specific surface area.

Back cover image: The electric mobility is considered to be a key step towards achieving the vision of carbon neutrality, and the high carbon footprint of electric vehicle (EV) power batteries is a critical factor affecting the ability of EV to reduce carbon emissions. In 10.1002/cnl2.81, the researchers organize the carbon accounting standards of the automotive industry and compare the lifecycle carbon emissions of various types of vehicles, pointing out the advantages of EV in reducing carbon emissions, as well as the concentration of carbon emissions in EV lifecycle. And the researchers elaborated how to reduce the lifecycle carbon emissions of EV from the automobile industry chain. Finally, focusing on power batteries, it concludes that fine management, echelon utilization, and efficient recycling are ways to reduce their contribution to the carbon emissions of EV.

Front cover image: Calcium-ion batteries (CIBs) have received growing attention by the research community due to favorable Ca deposition potential, materials sustainability, and cost effectiveness. Cathode research on materials discovery and mechanistic understanding is the key to push forward the development of CIBs. In article number 10.1002/cnl2.85, the most recent advances in CIB cathode research are summarized, with a focus on showcasing the cathode structure-performance relationship. Also, research directions that are worth being investigated are presented with a view to fully realizing the potential benefits of CIBs, an emerging energy storage technology.

Graphitic carbon nitride is a promising material as an electrode material for advanced electrochemical energy storage devices because of its controllable structure, physicochemical properties, and abundant active sites. However, its intrinsic properties as electrode materials can not be fully expressed owing to limited electrical properties, which impede charge transfer and material exchange inside devices. During the past decade, the challenge has been addressed through material engineering strategies, such as exfoliation and composition, and then advanced energy devices, such as supercapacitors, have been assembled. In this regard, a timely review of graphitic carbon nitride for high-performance supercapacitors requires to be put forward for summarizing past studies and inspiring future research works as well. This review article summarizes recent progress in material synthesis and property regulation of graphitic carbon nitride nanomaterials and their application in assembling advanced supercapacitors with high energy density and superior working stability. Finally, based on existing research and our experimental experience, a perspective for directing future research has been presented concerning material synthesis and electrochemical application of graphitic carbon nitride.

Conducting polymer composites possessing excellent electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) are effective methods to prevent the harm caused by electromagnetic pollution. Since COVID-19 in 2019, people have made a lot of progress in the recycling of waste face masks (FMs). Besides, effective measures are needed to reduce the harm of microplastics (MPs) pollution in the water environment. However, so far, no publications are available in the literature that simultaneously solve the problem of electromagnetic pollution, FM pollution, and MP pollution. Herein, FMs, polystyrene MPs (PS MPs), and graphene (Gr) were used to fabricate EMI shielding composites with isolated conductive network structures via the adhesion of polydopamine (PDA). The effects of isolated conductive networks, different sizes of PS MPs, and different layers of FMs on the adsorption properties of FMs-PDA-Gr, as well as electrical performance for the obtained polypropylene-PDA-Gr composites, were studied. The composites displayed EMI SE for 29.3 dB in X-band with 2 vol.% Gr content due to the isolated conductive network structure, which may be useful to the simultaneous elimination of garbage from electromagnetic pollution, FMs pollution, and MPs pollution to a certain degree.

In the post-lithium-ion battery era, calcium-ion batteries (CIBs) have aroused extensive attention because of their strong cost competitiveness, low standard redox potentials, and high safety. However, the related research is progressing slowly due to the constraints of the development of electrode materials. The large ionic radius of Ca²⁺ especially increases the challenge to design cathode materials for reversible Ca²⁺ uptake/removal. Despite the inspiring achievements, various challenges still need to be further resolved. Here, this review systematically summarizes the recent advances in CIB cathode materials, including Prussian blue and its analogues, metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, polyanionic compounds, and organic materials. We first provide a brief introduction to CIBs and compare their advantages with other battery technologies. Then, preparation methods are introduced, and breakthrough investigations are highlighted. Finally, some possible research directions are discussed to promote the development of this emerging battery technology.

The increasing utilization of fossil fuels and industrial activities has resulted in a surge of CO₂ emissions, which have significantly impacted global climate change. Carbon capture and utilization technologies offer a promising solution to decrease atmospheric CO₂ concentrations and convert CO₂ into valuable products. This study focuses on the capture and storage of CO₂ through the mineralization of magnesium-containing materials. The analysis encompasses the mineralization process of solid and liquid minerals, the various mineralization processes of magnesium-containing minerals categorized as direct and indirect mineralization, and the latest research advancements in magnesium-containing minerals. Brine and seawater from salt lakes are considered the most appropriate materials for mineralization due to their abundance and the simplicity of the process compared to solid mineralization. This paper analyzes the impact of temperature, impurity ions, additives, and microorganisms on the process of magnesium carbonate synthesis crystallization. The use of magnesium-containing materials for carbon dioxide sequestration can effectively reduce carbon emission. The review offers guidance on carbon dioxide mineralization and explores the potential applications of magnesium mineralization.

Under the global carbon neutrality initiative, carbon emissions from the transportation sector are becoming increasingly prominent due to the growth in vehicle ownership. And electric mobility may be a potentially effective measure to reduce road traffic carbon emissions and achieve a green transformation of transportation. This paper systematically collates the relevant carbon accounting standards for the automotive industry and elaborates the current status of road transport greenhouse gas emissions by combining the data from the International Energy Agency. And by comparing the lifecycle carbon footprint of various energy types of vehicles, the necessity and feasibility of electric mobility to reduce carbon emissions are discussed. However, the comparison of vehicle lifecycle carbon footprints shows that electric vehicles (EVs) are not as environmentally friendly as expected, although they can significantly reduce road traffic carbon emissions. The high carbon emissions from the manufacturing process of the core components of EVs, especially the power battery, reduce the low-carbon potential of electric mobility. Therefore, the carbon emission reduction strategies and outcomes of automakers in the automotive industry chain have been further reviewed. Finally, focusing on vehicle power batteries, this article reviews the technologies such as refined management and echelon utilization that can make EVs more environmentally friendly and promote carbon neutrality in the transportation sector.

CO₂ adducts of hydrophobically modified polyethylenimines (PEIs) are promising alternatives to global warming halogen-containing blowing agents of polyurethanes (PUs), despite the high cost of the raw material PEIs. Herein, an economical synthesis of PEI-like polymers was explored via condensation between pentaethylenehexamine and terephthalaldehyde, followed by chemical reduction of the as-formed Schiff base linkages. The resultant p-phenylene-containing polyamine polymers (PEIPs) could be grafted with alkyl (C_n) side chains and adducted with CO₂ to form a new type of CO₂-releasing blowing agents for PUs designated as yC_n-xPEIP-CO₂s, where x and y represent the backbone molecular weight and the side chain grafting rate, respectively. Among them, the specimen 10%C₈−3.6 kPEIP-CO₂ was the most effective in terms of good dispersibility in PU raw materials, low foam density (about 51 kg/m³), and uniform pore morphology. Moreover, the phenylene linkages enhanced the hydrophobicity of the consequent CO₂ adducts and weakened the intermolecular hydrogen bonding and ionic attraction, both facilitating the dispersion of the corresponding blowing agents into a castor oil-derived polyol, Polycin M-365. The specimen 10%C₈−3.6 kPEIP-CO₂ could disperse as suspended fine floccules that finally aggregated into a flocculent, liquid-like bottom layer, being easily redispersed into the bulk. The unique compatibility with plant oil-derived polyols and the economic availability would make the PEIP-based blowing agents suitable for the next generation of sustainable and biomass-based PU foams.

Back cover image: It is common expectation that decreasing particle size (like thickness) can enhance the activities of catalysts due to geometric and electronic alternations (known as the “catalyst size effect”). However, there are exceptions. In article number CNL266, we have fabricated two metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) sample with different thickness (134.846 and 1.97 nm). In contrast to common expectations, large-thickness MOF has exhibited superior carbon dioxide electroreduction activities as comparison to small-thickness counterpart. Further explanations have been studied systematically by using density function theory (DFT) calculations. The results of this work have challenged the common concept, which would provide new clues for catalyst design toward a number of electrochemical systems.