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Toward high stability of O3-type NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material with zirconium substitution for advanced sodium-ion batteries 实现先进钠离子电池用锆替代 O3 型 NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 正极材料的高稳定性
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.115
Chunyu Jiang, Yingshuai Wang, Yuhang Xin, Xiangyu Ding, Shengkai Liu, Yanfei Pang, Baorui Chen, Yusong Wang, Lei Liu, Feng Wu, Hongcai Gao

We successfully synthesized a series of O3-type NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3−xZrxO2 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04) cathode materials by the solid-state reaction method. Energy dispersion spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirmed the successful incorporation of Zr elements into the lattice to substitute Mn. Due to the introduction of Zr4+, the crystal structure modulation of O3-NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 has been realized. By increasing the Zr4+ content, the width of the sodium diffusion layer expands, thereby facilitating the diffusion of sodium ions. Consequently, the material exhibits a remarkable enhancement in high-rate capability. At the same time, increasing the Zr4+ content results in a notable decrease in both the average bond length of TM−O and the thickness of the TMO6 octahedron in the transition metal layer, resulting in a significant improvement in the cycling performance and structural stability of the cathode material. Additionally, the in-situ XRD results demonstrate that the optimized cathode composition of O3-NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3–0.02Zr0.02O2 (NFMZ2) undergoes a reversible phase transition of O3 → O3 + P3 → P3 → O3 + P3 → O3 during the charge–discharge process.

我们采用固态反应法成功合成了一系列 O3 型 NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3-xZrxO2 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04) 阴极材料。能量色散光谱、X 射线衍射(XRD)和 X 射线光电子能谱结果证实,成功地将 Zr 元素掺入晶格以替代 Mn。由于 Zr4+ 的引入,实现了 O3-NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 晶体结构的调制。通过增加 Zr4+ 的含量,钠扩散层的宽度扩大,从而促进了钠离子的扩散。因此,该材料的高速率能力显著增强。同时,增加 Zr4+ 的含量会显著降低过渡金属层中 TM-O 的平均键长和 TMO6 八面体的厚度,从而显著改善阴极材料的循环性能和结构稳定性。此外,原位 XRD 结果表明,O3-NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3-0.02Zr0.02O2(NFMZ2)的优化阴极成分在充放电过程中发生了 O3 → O3 + P3 → P3 → O3 + P3 → O3 的可逆相变。
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引用次数: 0
Inside Front Cover Image: Carbon Neutralization, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2024 封面内页图片:碳中和》,第 3 卷第 1 期,2024 年 1 月
Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.112
Yingying Zhao, Jinhang Li, Yujie Tan, Chunling Zhu, Yujin Chen

Inside front cover image: Efficient solar energy utilization technologies are expected to promote the development of a carbon-neutral and renewable energy society. In this regards, newly developed photoelectrochemical energy storage devices (PESs) are proposed to convert solar energy into electrochemical energy, directly. In article number cln2.100, Zhao, Zhu and Chen introduce the recent advances in PESs and their corresponding relative merits. The PESs utilizing dual-functional PAMs, including design principles, classifications, and reaction mechanisms, are specifically discussed, and their applications in photo/photoassisted rechargeable devices with gas, liquid, and solid cathodes are summarized. Finally, some perspectives are provided for further developing excellent performances of PESs.

封面内页图片:高效的太阳能利用技术有望促进碳中和与可再生能源社会的发展。为此,人们提出了新开发的光电化学储能装置(PES),可直接将太阳能转化为电化学能。在编号为 cln2.100 的文章中,Zhao、Zhu 和 Chen 介绍了光电化学储能装置的最新进展及其相应的优点。文章具体讨论了利用双功能 PAM 的 PES,包括设计原理、分类和反应机理,并总结了它们在气体、液体和固体阴极的光/光辅助充电设备中的应用。最后,对进一步开发 PES 的优异性能提出了一些展望。
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引用次数: 0
Front Cover: Carbon Neutralization, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2024 封面:碳中和》,第 3 卷第 1 期,2024 年 1 月
Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.111

Front cover image: The cover places the electrochemical reactions of rechargeable aluminum batteries in the backdrop of an interstellar battlefield. The planet in the upper left corner represents the graphite cathode. The spacecraft and electromagnetic waves surrounding the planet symbolize the dynamic transfer of energy under the influence of the electric field. Among them, the yellow AlCl4- ions, like missiles in a war, attack the metal aluminum in the lower right corner, representing the potential corrosion threat. Between these two, the blue sphere represents the artificial interface layer, symbolizing the technological barrier that disperses corrosive ions evenly, signifying the improvement of material durability through uniform corrosion distribution. This design successfully extends the cycle life of aluminum anodes and enhances the performance of rechargeable aluminum batteries, sparking anticipation for future developments in science and technology.

封面图片:封面将可充电铝电池的电化学反应置于星际战场的背景中。左上角的行星代表石墨阴极。行星周围的宇宙飞船和电磁波象征着在电场影响下能量的动态转移。其中,黄色的 AlCl4- 离子就像战争中的导弹,攻击右下角的金属铝,代表潜在的腐蚀威胁。在两者之间,蓝色球体代表人工界面层,象征着均匀分散腐蚀离子的技术屏障,寓意通过均匀的腐蚀分布提高材料的耐久性。这一设计成功地延长了铝阳极的循环寿命,提高了铝充电电池的性能,引发了人们对未来科技发展的期待。
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引用次数: 0
Back Cover Image: Carbon Neutralization, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2024 封底图片:碳中和》,第 3 卷第 1 期,2024 年 1 月
Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.113
Yidan Mu, Rongpeng Ma, Shoufeng Xue, Huaifang Shang, Wenbo Lu, Lifang Jiao

Back cover image: The review provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges encountered in enhancing the activity, stability, and durability of transition metal heterogeneous catalysts for hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER). In article number cln2.105, they also summarizes the synthesis of electrocatalysts for the HER/OER through various strategies such as hydrogen spillover, element doping, heterostructure construction, monatomic construction, LDH structure modification, high entropy alloy, and other approaches.

封底图片:这篇综述全面概述了在提高氢/氧进化反应(HER/OER)用过渡金属异质催化剂的活性、稳定性和耐久性方面所遇到的挑战。在文章编号 cln2.105 中,他们还总结了通过氢溢出、元素掺杂、异质结构构建、单原子构建、LDH 结构修饰、高熵合金等各种策略合成 HER/OER 电催化剂的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Challenges and protective strategies on zinc anode toward practical aqueous zinc-ion batteries 锌阳极走向实用水性锌离子电池的挑战和保护策略
Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.109
Malek Al-Abbasi, Yanrui Zhao, Honggang He, Hui Liu, Huarong Xia, Tianxue Zhu, Kexuan Wang, Zhu Xu, Huibo Wang, Wei Zhang, Yuekun Lai, Mingzheng Ge

Over the past decades, there has been a growing interest in rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) as a viable substitute for lithium-ion batteries. This is primarily due to their low cost, lower redox potential, and high safety. Nevertheless, the progress of Zn metal anodes has been impeded by various challenges, including the growth of dendrites, corrosion, and hydrogen evolution reaction during repeated cycles that result in low Coulombic efficiency and a short lifetime. Therefore, we represent recent advances in Zn metal anode protection for constructing high-performance AZIBs. Besides, we show in-depth analyses and supposed hypotheses on the working mechanism of these issues associated with mildly acidic aqueous electrolytes. Meanwhile, design principles and feasible strategies are proposed to suppress dendrites' formation of Zn batteries, including electrode design, electrolyte modification, and interface regulation, which are suitable for restraining corrosion and hydrogen evolution reaction. Finally, the current challenges and future trends are raised to pave the way for the commercialization of AZIBs. These design principles and potential strategies are applicable in other metal-ion batteries, such as Li and K metal batteries.

过去几十年来,人们对可充电水性锌离子电池(AZIBs)作为锂离子电池可行替代品的兴趣与日俱增。这主要得益于其低成本、较低的氧化还原电位和高安全性。然而,锌金属阳极的发展一直受到各种挑战的阻碍,包括枝晶的生长、腐蚀以及反复循环过程中的氢进化反应,这些都导致库仑效率低、寿命短。因此,我们介绍了用于构建高性能 AZIB 的锌金属阳极保护的最新进展。此外,我们还对这些与弱酸性水电解质有关的问题的工作机制进行了深入分析并提出了假设。同时,提出了抑制锌电池枝晶形成的设计原则和可行策略,包括电极设计、电解质改性和界面调控,以抑制腐蚀和氢演化反应。最后,提出了当前的挑战和未来的趋势,为 AZIB 的商业化铺平道路。这些设计原则和潜在策略适用于其他金属离子电池,如锂电池和钾金属电池。
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引用次数: 0
Recent advances in novel materials for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction 光催化二氧化碳还原新型材料的最新进展
Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.107
Shanyue Lu, Shengwei Zhang, Qi Liu, Wen Wang, Ning Hao, Yajun Wang, Zhou Li, Dan Luo

The conversion of CO2 into chemical fuels, which can be stored and utilized through photocatalysis, represents an effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable means to address both environmental concerns and energy shortages. CO2, as a stable oxidation product, poses challenges for reduction through light energy alone, necessitating the use of catalysts. Thus, a crucial aspect of CO2 photocatalytic reduction technology lies in the development of effective photocatalysts. Based on the basic principle of PCRR (photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction), the review provides a detailed introduction to the core issues in PCRR process, including the relationship between band gap and catalyst reduction performance, effective utilization of photogenerated carriers, product selectivity, and methods for product analysis. Then, the recent research progresses of various photocatalysts are reviewed in the form of research examples combined with the above basic principles. Finally, this review summarizes and provides insights into the effective techniques for enhancing the photocatalytic activity of CO2, while also offering future prospects in this field.

通过光催化将二氧化碳转化为化学燃料并加以储存和利用,是解决环境问题和能源短缺的一种有效、环保和可持续的方法。二氧化碳作为一种稳定的氧化产物,仅靠光能进行还原是一项挑战,因此必须使用催化剂。因此,二氧化碳光催化还原技术的关键在于开发有效的光催化剂。本综述以 PCRR(光催化二氧化碳还原反应)的基本原理为基础,详细介绍了 PCRR 过程中的核心问题,包括带隙与催化剂还原性能的关系、光生载流子的有效利用、产物选择性以及产物分析方法。然后,结合上述基本原理,以研究实例的形式回顾了各种光催化剂的最新研究进展。最后,本综述对提高 CO2 光催化活性的有效技术进行了总结和深入分析,并对该领域的未来发展进行了展望。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring corrosion protection for mild steel in HCl solution: An experimental and theoretical analysis of an antipyrine derivative as an anticorrosion agent 探索盐酸溶液中低碳钢的腐蚀防护:一种作为防腐剂的安替比林衍生物的实验和理论分析
Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.108
Hakim S. Aljibori, Ahmed Alamiery, Tayser S. Gaaz, Waleed K. Al-Azzawi

The corrosion of mild steel in HCl solution remains a critical issue in various industrial applications. In the quest for effective corrosion inhibitors, 4-(2-Hydroxy-3-Methoxybenzylideneamino) antipyrine (HMBA) has emerged as a promising candidate. This study investigates the inhibitory properties of HMBA on mild steel corrosion in HCl solution through weight loss measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) techniques. The experiments spanned over various time periods, including 1, 5, 10, 24, and 48 h. The results reveal that HMBA exhibits exceptional inhibition efficiency (IE), with an impressive 94.7% inhibition rate. This outstanding performance underscores its potential as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in aggressive HCl environments. To elucidate the adsorption behavior of HMBA on the mild steel surface, Langmuir isotherm modeling was employed, demonstrating a strong correlation between the experimental data and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Furthermore, the study employs density functional theory (DFT) to gain insight into the mechanism of HMBA inhibition. DFT calculations suggest that both physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms are involved in the interaction between HMBA and the mild steel surface. The calculated Gibbs free energy of adsorption (Δ� � G� � ads� � o $Delta {G}_{mathrm{ads}}^{o}$) is found to be approximately � � 33.8� � kJ� � mo� � l� � 1 $-33.8mathrm{kJ}mathrm{mo}{text{l}}^{-1}$, indicating a spontaneous and energetically favorable adsorption process. In conclusion, HMBA emerges as a highly effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl solution, offering impressive IE over various time intervals. The combination of experimental techniques, such as WL, EIS, and PDP, along with computational insights from DFT calculations, provides an understanding of the inhibitory properties of HMBA. These findings hold great promise for the de

低碳钢在盐酸溶液中的腐蚀仍然是各种工业应用中的一个关键问题。在寻找有效缓蚀剂的过程中,4-(2-羟基-3-甲氧基亚苄基氨基)安替比林(HMBA)已成为一种很有前途的候选物质。本研究通过失重测量、电化学阻抗光谱(EIS)和电位极化(PDP)技术研究了 HMBA 在盐酸溶液中对低碳钢腐蚀的抑制特性。实验时间跨度为 1、5、10、24 和 48 小时。结果表明,HMBA 具有出色的抑制效率(IE),抑制率高达 94.7%。这种出色的性能突出表明,HMBA 具有在腐蚀性盐酸环境中作为低碳钢缓蚀剂的潜力。为了阐明 HMBA 在低碳钢表面的吸附行为,研究人员采用了 Langmuir 等温线模型,结果表明实验数据与 Langmuir 吸附等温线模型之间具有很强的相关性。此外,研究还采用了密度泛函理论(DFT)来深入了解 HMBA 的抑制机理。DFT 计算表明,HMBA 与低碳钢表面的相互作用涉及物理吸附和化学吸附两种机制。计算得出的吸附吉布斯自由能()约为 ,表明吸附过程是自发的,能量上是有利的。总之,HMBA 是盐酸溶液中一种高效的低碳钢缓蚀剂,在不同的时间间隔内都能提供令人印象深刻的 IE。将 WL、EIS 和 PDP 等实验技术与 DFT 计算的计算见解相结合,有助于了解 HMBA 的缓蚀特性。这些发现为在工业应用中开发环境友好型缓蚀剂带来了巨大希望。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding and illustrating the irreversible self-discharge in rechargeable batteries by the Evans Diagram 通过埃文斯图理解和说明充电电池的不可逆自放电现象
Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.106
Xiangjun Pu, Yingping Zheng, Aiping Qi, Linlong Lyu, Guanqiang Ruan, Yuliang Cao, Zhongxue Chen, Zheng-Long Xu

As an intermediary between chemical and electric energy, rechargeable batteries with high conversion efficiency are indispensable to empower electric vehicles and stationary energy storage systems. Self-discharge with adverse effects on energy output and lifespan is a long-existing challenge and intensive endeavors have been devoted to alleviating it. Previous reports mainly focused on examining key factors influencing the rate of self-discharge, however, its origination has rarely been revealed from the viewpoint of fundamental electrochemistry. The Evans Diagram, which is a corrosion polarization diagram based on kinetics (corrosion current density) and thermodynamics (potential), is an informative method for analyzing the corrosion process of metals. In this perspective, after an introduction to electrochemical fundamentals, as well as the identical origination of battery self-discharging and metal corrosion, we first transferred the concept of the Evans Diagram to illustrate the origination and evolution of self-discharge in rechargeable batteries. The corresponding Evans Diagram has been proposed for different key factors, which were eventually used as guidance to exploit thermodynamical and kinetical solutions to alleviate the parasitic reactions induced by self-discharge. This contribution is believed to provide new insights towards understanding and regulating self-discharge problems, and promote the establishment of feasible protocols for battery storage in practice.

作为化学能和电能的中介,具有高转换效率的可充电电池是电动汽车和固定储能系统不可或缺的能源。自放电会对能量输出和使用寿命产生不利影响,是一项长期存在的挑战,人们一直在努力缓解这一问题。以往的报道主要集中于研究影响自放电速率的关键因素,但很少从基础电化学的角度揭示自放电的起源。埃文斯图是基于动力学(腐蚀电流密度)和热力学(电位)的腐蚀极化图,是分析金属腐蚀过程的一种信息丰富的方法。从这个角度出发,在介绍了电化学基础知识以及电池自放电和金属腐蚀的相同起源后,我们首先将埃文斯图的概念用于说明充电电池自放电的起源和演变。我们针对不同的关键因素提出了相应的埃文斯图,并最终以此为指导,利用热力学和动力学解决方案来缓解自放电引起的寄生反应。相信这一贡献将为理解和调节自放电问题提供新的见解,并促进在实践中建立可行的电池存储协议。
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引用次数: 0
Recent advances and perspective on transition metal heterogeneous catalysts for efficient electrochemical water splitting 用于高效电化学水分离的过渡金属异质催化剂的最新进展与展望
Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.105
Yidan Mu, Rongpeng Ma, Shoufeng Xue, Huaifang Shang, Wenbo Lu, Lifang Jiao

The development of advanced technology for producing high-purity and low-cost hydrogen is crucial for the upcoming hydrogen economy. One of the most promising technologies to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality is hydrogen production through water electrolysis coupled with renewable energy. However, the efficiency of water electrolysis is limited by the catalyst material employed, thereby the pursuit of highly efficient catalysts is of paramount scientific significance. In this review, we focus on the synthesis of electrocatalysts for the hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) through various strategies such as hydrogen spillover, heterostructure construction, element doping, monatomic construction, LDH structure modification, high entropy alloy, and other approaches. The article also provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges encountered in enhancing the activity, stability, and durability of transition metal heterogeneous catalysts for both HER and OER. Moreover, the mechanisms of HER and OER are illustrated. The electrocatalysts prepared by these strategies have exhibited promising results in terms of water splitting performance. However, there are still unresolved issues that need to be addressed, such as improving long-term stability and reducing overall cost. Future prospects include exploring new materials and optimizing the preparation methods to further enhance the electrocatalytic activity.

开发生产高纯度、低成本氢气的先进技术对于即将到来的氢经济至关重要。实现碳峰值和碳中和的最有前途的技术之一是通过电解水和可再生能源制氢。然而,水电解的效率受限于所使用的催化剂材料,因此追求高效催化剂具有极其重要的科学意义。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了通过氢溢出、异质结构构建、元素掺杂、单原子构建、LDH 结构修饰、高熵合金等各种策略合成氢/氧进化反应(HER/OER)电催化剂的方法。文章还全面概述了在提高 HER 和 OER 用过渡金属异质催化剂的活性、稳定性和耐久性方面所遇到的挑战。此外,文章还阐述了 HER 和 OER 的机理。通过这些策略制备的电催化剂在水分离性能方面取得了可喜的成果。然而,仍有一些问题需要解决,如提高长期稳定性和降低总体成本。未来的前景包括探索新材料和优化制备方法,以进一步提高电催化活性。
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引用次数: 0
Recent progress in device designs and dual-functional photoactive materials for direct solar to electrochemical energy storage 从太阳能直接到电化学储能的设备设计和双功能光活性材料的最新进展
Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1002/cnl2.100
Yingying Zhao, Jinhang Li, Yujie Tan, Chunling Zhu, Yujin Chen

Efficient solar energy utilization technologies are expected to promote the development of a carbon-neutral and renewable energy society. Photovoltaic cells (PVs) have played an important role in the harvest and conversion of solar energy. Due to the intermittent instability of solar energy, however, PVs must be connected with energy storage systems (EESs). Newly developed photoelectrochemical energy storage devices (PESs) are proposed to directly convert solar energy into electrochemical energy. Initial PESs focused on the external and internal integration of PVs and EESs. However, the voltage mismatch between PVs and EESs leads to massive energy loss and unsatisfactory overall performances of PESs. PESs using dual-functional photoactive materials (PAMs), which have simplified device configuration, decreased costs, and external energy loss, have recently emerged for realization of solar-to-electrochemical-energy conversion and storage in a single device. The review summarizes the designing concepts, integrated configurations, and overall performances of different types of PESs, particularly PESs utilizing dual-functional PAMs. Based on the classifications, working principles, basic requirements, and design principles, this review discusses various types of PESs cathodes. Finally, some perspectives are provided for further developing excellent performances of PESs.

高效的太阳能利用技术有望促进碳中和及可再生能源社会的发展。光伏电池(PV)在太阳能的收集和转换方面发挥了重要作用。然而,由于太阳能的间歇性不稳定性,光伏电池必须与储能系统(EES)相连接。新开发的光电化学储能装置(PES)可直接将太阳能转化为电化学能。最初的光电化学储能装置侧重于光伏和 EES 的外部和内部集成。然而,光伏和电化学储能装置之间的电压不匹配会导致大量能量损失,使 PES 的整体性能不尽如人意。最近出现了使用双功能光活性材料(PAM)的 PES,它具有简化设备配置、降低成本和外部能量损耗的特点,可在单一设备中实现太阳能到电化学能量的转换和存储。本综述总结了不同类型 PES(尤其是利用双功能 PAM 的 PES)的设计理念、集成配置和整体性能。根据分类、工作原理、基本要求和设计原则,本综述讨论了各种类型的聚醚砜阴极。最后,还为进一步开发性能卓越的聚醚砜提供了一些展望。
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引用次数: 0
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Carbon Neutralization
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