Dentistry Review最新文献

Purpose

Beta titanium (β-Ti) alloys have shown promising outcomes in recent years, but whether they have intrinsic antimicrobial activity is unclear. So the objective was to assess the existing literature and answer “Do surface treatments applied to beta titanium alloys for implants present statistically significant results for antimicrobial activity when compared to the control group?”.

Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The personalized search strategy was applied to Embase, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus. Experimental in vitro studies that evaluated the influence of surface treatments on β-Ti alloys to improve antimicrobial activity without the restriction of time and language were included. The risk of bias was assessed by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) adapted tool.

Results

690 articles were found, and after the removal of duplicates, 642 remained. Nineteen were selected for full-text reading, and two were selected from their reference lists. Eight of them met the eligibility criteria and were included. Quantitative analysis was not performed due to the heterogeneity of the studies. All studies had a low risk of bias.

Conclusion

All treatments evaluated provided a statistically significant improvement in antimicrobial activity with a significant reduction in bacterial adhesion despite the heterogeneity of the studies. Current literature presents three groups of surface treatment for beta titanium alloys: 1. Implantation of antimicrobial ion, 2. Bioactive polymers with antibiotics, and 3. Non-antimicrobial surface treatments.

Dental caries is a prevalent oral health issue and requires appropriate intervention to mitigate its progression and consequent effects. In recent times, dental research has witnessed remarkable advancements that have revolutionized the way we approach caries removal. By examining the recent literature, we aim to provide a clinical guide for safe caries removal and pulp capping techniques while preserving sound tooth structure and preventing iatrogenic damage.

There are many studies investigating the application of air abrasion as a surface treatment for resin-based composite (RBC) repair, some with conflicting results, which makes it difficult for the dentist to know whether to use it or not. The aim of this study is to produce an integrative literature review to identify the scientific evidence on the use of air abrasion for repairing direct RBC restorations. A PICO question was elaborated to guide the selection of literature in a database following the PRISMA statement. The keywords used in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (PubMed) and Service Scopus (SCOPUS) were “composite resin*" AND "air abrasion" OR sandblasting AND repair* OR "composite repair". In Web of Science (WoS), the search strategy was "composite resins" AND "air abrasion" OR sandblasting AND "composite repair". Papers published in peer-reviewed journals since 2010, in English, and related to the aim of this study were the goal of this search. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria to titles, abstracts, and full text, forty-nine scientific papers were selected for this study. This literature review focused on in vitro studies evaluating bond strength. The most common methodology found in the literature to evaluate bond strength in composite repair were shear and microshear bond strength tests (23 studies), as well as tensile and microtensile bond strength tests (24 studies). Several studies evidence air abrasion as an efficient mechanical surface treatment for composite repair, leading to a greater bond strength when compared to no preparation, diamond bur preparation alone, or distinct types of lasers.

Objective

The aim of this study was to review and summarize the effects of nasoalveolar molding (NAM) therapy published in the most recent literature.

Method

A search were conducted from “nasoalveolar molding,” “nasoalveolar molding Grayson,” and “nasolabial esthetics”. The articles were then subdivided into case reports, editorials/expert opinions, and traditional prospective and retrospective studies

Results

In order to summarize the results of the literature review, the discussion section was organized into three primary categories. The first of these categories deals with the burden of treatment to the NAM patient and the caregiver, the psychological and monetary effect on the caregiver(s), and the effect of NAM treatment on the number of surgeries required. The second category deals primarily with the specific treatment effects seen as a result of NAM therapy, such as the improvement of nasal symmetry and lengthening of the columella, as well as studies that compare NAM treated patients to non-NAM treated and normal controls. Lastly, we have included a brief summary of alternative methods to NAM therapy, including the recent use of CAD/CAM technology in NAM therapy.

Conclusions

Based on the current literature, NAM does indeed show significant improvements in nasolabial esthetics and increases columellar length. It is shown to have positive psychosocial outcomes and lower cost for caregivers via reduction of future surgeries. Finally, technological advancements are allowing for streamlined NAM fabrication.

This study conducted an overview of systematic reviews (SRs) and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the predictability of tooth movements and clinical effectiveness of clear aligner therapy (CAT) compared to fixed appliances (FAs). The PRISMA guidelines were followed, and seven electronic databases were systematically searched for publications up to March 15, 2022. The quality of the included SRs and RCTs was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 and RoB-2 tools, respectively. Initially, 18 SRs and 2 RCTs were identified, and after quality assessments, 11 SRs and 1 RCT were retained for data synthesis. The comparison between software-predicted and actual tooth movements indicated that CAT's accuracy in predicting rotational movements, especially for canines, was not reliable. Horizontal movements, particularly in the upper incisors, were more predictable, while vertical movements were less predictable. The overall American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) objective grading system (OGS) scores did not show a significant difference between the CAT and FAs groups, with a high heterogeneity of 90 % (P < 0.0001) and a confidence interval of -2.32 to 18.4. The current evidence level regarding the predictability of tooth movements and clinical effectiveness of CAT compared to conventional FAs is considered to be low to moderate. While CAT can be used for treating complex malocclusions, it tends to yield less accurate results than FAs.

Objectives

The aim of this systematic review is to help the reader in their selection of analytical techniques for a complete and accurate assessment of artificial caries remineralization.

Data, sources and study selection

Four databases were scanned independently following PRISMA guidelines and, after setting of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 255 potentially-relevant articles were scrutinized for selection. Based on our hypothesis that at least three characteristics of the newly-formed mineral, i.e. spatial extension, chemical composition and morphology, are requested for assessment, focus was made on 24 articles where at least three methods were used.

Conclusion

Twenty different analytical methods were used and 11 studies used at least one technique relevant to each of the three characteristics. However, there was a general lack of quantitative and chemical characterization of the new mineral. These results highlight the scarcity of multi-techniques studies and the low diversity of techniques currently used in this area. We suggest that the combination of qualitative micro computed tomography combined with X-Ray diffraction or vibrational spectroscopies is the most suitable to fully assess the success of artificial caries remineralization.

Clinical significance

Modern prospective caries studies require the measurement of small changes in tooth mineral content. This can probably be achieved only by combining several diagnostic tools. Artificial caries allows for a primary practical assessment of such combinations. However, it is important to the improve the awareness and/or availability of some relevant analytical tools and to better connect laboratory and clinical objectives.

Background

The main objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate whether masticatory performance was improved in edentulous patients wearing complete dentures, after the provision of mandibular implant overdentures.

Type of studies reviewed

Electronic search was conducted in three databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, CENTRAL), while handsearching and gray literature assessment were also performed. Risk of bias was assessed via RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools, according to study type. Meta-analysis was conducted by using inverse variance and random effects model.

Results

Four randomized controlled trials and eight uncontrolled paired before-after studies were considered eligible for meta-analysis. Standardized mean differences between baseline and one, two, three, six and twelve months were -0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], -1.34 to -0.61; I² = 99%), -1.28 (95% CI, -3.52 to 0.97; I² = 99%), -1.01 (95% CI, -1.58 to -0.43; I² = 99%), -1.09 (95% CI, -1.77 to -0.42; I² = 100%) and -1.31 (95% CI, -2.03 to -0.59; I² = 100%), respectively

Practical implications

In most time intervals the masticatory performance had a statistically significant continuous improvement, demonstrating the functional upgrading of the complete dentures brought by the implants. High heterogeneity was noted, as various variables and evaluation methods were used. Although six of 12 studies were characterized as “Low Risk of Bias”, strength of the evidence was found “Low” in seven studies. Not only more and higher quality studies but also a unique and reliable method for evaluation of masticatory performance are required for producing homogenous and robust results.

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) have been associated with an increased risk and prevalence of cancers in the oral cavity and the lips. This literature review presents an overview of these disorders, based on their clinical features. However, histological sections are needed for a definitive diagnosis. A group of lesions under the term ‘Oral potentially malignant disorders’ were considered, including leukoplakia, erythroplakia, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, actinic keratosis, palatal lesions in reverse smokers, oral lupus erythematosus, dyskeratosis congenita, oral lichenoid lesions and oral graft-versus-host disease.

In this review, clinical characteristics, images, differential diagnoses, etiology, prognosis, treatment as well as prevalence are considered. Oral leukoplakia [1], oral erythroplakia [2], proliferative verrucous leukoplakia [3], oral lichen planus [4] and actinic keratosis [5] are more common in middle-aged and older adults, when reported. Further studies are needed on the efficacy of other treatments than excisional biopsy, such as CO₂ laser, cryotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Authors recommend continuing education and other forms of oral health literacy for practicing oral healthcare professionals to recognize, diagnose and treat OPMDs as early as possible to facilitate the recognition, prevention and management of oral potentially malignant disorders and cancer.

Background

Esthetic crown lengthening is often performed to address excessive gingival display due to altered passive eruption. When bone reduction is required, most surgeons approach this procedure with an open flap approach. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare the outcomes of an open flap versus a more conservative closed flap approach.

Methods

An electronic search of Medline Pubmed and Cochrane library was conducted with “Does a flapless approach with piezoelectric to crown lengthening provide superior results than the traditional crown lengthening approach?” as the focused question. After reviewing the selected articles, the data was extracted to evaluate the relative gingival margin as the primary outcome variable. Statistical analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines for meta-analysis.

Results

Out of 65 studies, 4 prospective randomized controlled clinical trials met the inclusion criteria and were included for further analysis. The estimated standard difference in means for all studies was 0.349 (95% CI: (0.133, 0.565), p = 0.002) indicating that the open flap had a larger change in gingival margin from baseline to 3 months than the flapless technique. The results of Cochran's Q concluded no evidence of heterogeneity (Cochran's Q = 4.745, d.f.=5, p-value=0.448). The funnel plots and fail-safe analyses concluded no evidence of publication bias.

Conclusions

A minimally invasive closed flap approach using piezoelectric instruments, in the appropriate cases, seem to have better gingival margin stability at 3 months and excellent patient centered outcomes. Further well-designed studies are needed to shed more light on the validity of this technique.

Predictable three-dimensional repair of the lost periodontal tissues due to disease remains to be the goal of periodontal therapy. The dynamic process of periodontal regeneration uses particulate bone graft from various sources that function as scaffolds facilitating attachment, induction, and regeneration. Historical reports have documented the use of bone grafts with or without barrier membranes to achieve positive outcomes for periodontal regeneration and reconstruction of alveolar ridge prior to implant placement. Particulate bone grafts can be defined based on their source of obtainment as autografts, allografts, xenografts and alloplasts. Autografts and allografts have human origins, where autografts are tissues transplanted within the same individual from one part of the body to another and allografts are those that are surgically transplanted from one individual to another. Xenografts are tissues that are transplanted from one species to another. Alloplasts on the other hand are synthetic/ man-made and are manufactured from various materials to facilitate guided tissue and bone regeneration. This narrative review focuses on particulate bone grafts and bone substitutes used in regenerative and reconstructive surgical dental therapies with supporting case presentations.