Dentistry Review最新文献

OBJECTIVES

Evaluate the color change in various resin sealants when activated by a multi-peak light-curing unit (LCU), in comparison to a flowable resin composite.

METHODS

Four different resin sealants were evaluated: [HS] Helioseal® F Plus (Ivoclar Vivadent), [CP] Clinpro™ (3M™ Oral Care), [GS] Grandio Seal (VOCO GmbH), and [XT] Ultraseal XT™ Hydro (Ultradent Products Inc.). A flowable resin composite (3M™ Filtek™ Supreme Flowable Restorative, A2) was used as control. Using PVS, molds were made from custom 3D-printed models measuring 6.0mm in diameter and 2.0mm in height. Materials were inserted into the molds (n=5), covered by a Mylar® strip, pressed using a microscope slide, and light-activated for 20 seconds using a multi-peak LCU (VALO™ X, Ultradent) in standard mode. All specimens were wet-finished and polished using sandpaper (grits 600 and 1200). The L*, a*, and b* color parameters for each specimen were assessed on both white and black backgrounds using a clinical spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade®, VITA Zahnfabrik). A staining protocol using black tea was applied. Each specimen was immersed for 24h at 37oC, rinse and dried, and subjected to a 5-minute ultrasonic bath in distilled water. Data was then collected, and ΔE calculated. Statistical analysis was carried out using GraphPad Prism 10.0.2, utilizing ANOVA with a preset alpha of 0.05.

RESULTS

All evaluated resin sealants exhibited a ΔE greater than 11, in contrast to the flowable resin composite that was below 3.5. The b* parameter was most influenced, showing a trend towards yellowing (ordered as HS>XT>GS>CP>FT), followed by a decrease in the L* parameter indicating darkening (GS>XT≥HS≥CP>FT). Finally, the a* parameter experienced minor positive and negative variations.

CONCLUSIONS

Resin sealants demonstrate higher susceptibility to staining than flowable resin composites. Black tea exposure led to a more yellow hue (increased b*) and a darkening effect (reduced L*) in resin sealants.

IMPLICATIONS

Sealants are prone to color changes when exposed to the oral environment, more so than other composite materials or the tooth structure itself. Understanding how this color change occurs is crucial for accurately diagnosing a stained sealant rather than mistaking it for secondary caries. It is noteworthy that different sealants exhibit varying degrees of staining.

OBJECTIVES

1. Describe an armamentarium and protocol for safely obtaining blood samples for ABP preparation. 2. Demonstrate sample volumes typically needed in periodontics through case presentation.

METHODS

Patients in this report presented to the Department of Periodontics, Army Postgraduate Dental School (APDS) Postgraduate Dental College, Fort Eisenhower, Georgia. All patients received intravenous cannulation for moderate sedation and elected to provide blood samples for PRF preparation using the described protocol. In all cases, a single 20-gauge intravenous catheter was used for both blood collection and fluid/medication delivery.

CONCLUSIONS

Blood volumes required for ABP preparation amount to a fraction of published recommended total blood draw volume limits. The blood collection method described in this report, which is consistent with published standards of practice, necessitates few additional steps and supplies for practitioners already placing peripheral IV catheters.

IMPLICATIONS

This report serves as a concise protocol for safe and efficient preparation of ABPs that minimizes patient morbidity by utilizing a single intravenous catheter.

OBJECTIVES

Evaluate the degree of monomer conversion (DC) of various resin sealants when photocured using a blue laser-diode or commercially available LED light-curing units (LCUs).

METHODS

Three different LCUs were utilized: [LA] blue laser-diode (Monet®, AMD Lasers); [SP] singlepeak blue LED (Elipar™ DeepCure-S, 3M Deutschland GmbH); [MP] multi-peak LED (VALO™ X, Ultradent Products). The spectral irradiance of each LCU was measured using a calibrated integrating sphere/spectral radiometer. Two resin sealants were tested: [CP] Clinpro™ Sealant (3M ESPE) and [XT] UltraSeal XT™ hydro™ (Ultradent Products). Sealants were placed and cured on extracted, human third molars to determine the average sealant clinical thickness: 2.0 mm. Resin sealants (n = 5) were directly dispensed onto the temperature-controlled surface (35oC) of an attenuated total reflectance attachment (Golden Gate; Specac Inc) on a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (INVENIO-R, Bruker) inside a custom 3D-printed mold: 2mmh; 5mm-id. LCU distance was standardized at 2.5mm. A Mylar® strip was positioned over the resin sealant for uniform thickness. Exposure durations were defined as: LA-1s, LA-2s, LA-3s, SP-30s, MP-10s (standard mode), and MP-3s (“xtra” mode). The DC (%) was computed using vibrational spectroscopy software (OPUS, Bruker) using peak height ratio changes of aromatic/aliphatic C=C, assessed at five 1-minute intervals. Each resin sealant was exposed using its manufacturer recommended LCU and also with LA. Data analysis was performed using software (GraphPad Prism 10.0.2) employing ANOVA at a pre-set alpha of 0.05.

RESULTS

For each sealant, both SP-30s and MP-10s achieved a higher DC than LA-1s. While SP-30s surpassed LA-2s, MP-10s equaled LA-2. There was no DC difference between LA-3, SP-30s, and MP-10s. MP-3s was not different from LA2s.

CONCLUSIONS

Using manufacturer's suggested LCU and exposure yielded higher DC than a 1-second laser exposure. Extending laser exposure to 3 seconds made DC values comparable. Further research is needed to address clinical ramifications of employing a laser-diode LCU.

IMPLICATIONS

Using the manufacturer-recommended light-curing unit (LCU) and cure duration yielded results similar to those of the 3-second exposure with the LA curing light, but not to the 1-second cure suggested by the LA manufacturer. Employing a 3-second LA curing light method could be a suitable option for placing sealants (small areas) in uncooperative children and patients who would benefit from reduced chair time.

Immediate tooth-replacement therapy can be a predictable method for treating anterior hopeless teeth. Preserving and augmenting both hard and soft tissues is critical for the physiologic and esthetic success of therapy. Utilizing a combined hard and soft tissue augmentation approach improves outcomes. Reducing morbidity associated with procuring autogenous grafts can be efficacious regarding short and long-term outcomes. The Dermal Apron Technique uses both bone and soft tissue allografts to increase soft tissue thickness around immediately placed and provisionalized implants. Studies demonstrate the increased soft tissue thickness produced by the technique. This article demonstrates the technique and discusses the clinical research supporting the use of this method for successful immediate tooth-replacement therapy.

Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease mainly affecting salivary and lacrimal glands. The current pSS biomarkers, serum autoantibodies, are negative in many pSS patients diagnosed with histopathology changes, indicating the need of novel biomarkers. The current therapies of pSS are merely short–term symptomatic relief and can't provide effective long–term remedy. Extracellular vehicles (EVs) are nano–sized lipid bilayer–delimited particles spontaneously released by almost all types of cells and carrying various bioactive molecules to mediate inter–cellular communications. Recent studies found that EVs from salivary gland epithelial cells and immune cells play essential roles in pSS pathogenesis. Correspondingly, EVs and their cargos in plasma and saliva are promising candidate biomarkers for pSS diagnosis. Moreover, EVs from mesenchymal stem cells have shown promises to improve pSS treatment by modulating immune responses. This review summarizes recent findings in roles of EVs in pSS pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of pSS, as well as related challenges and future research directions.

OBJECTIVES

Localized Juvenile Spongiotic Gingival Hyperplasia (LJSGH) is a condition characterized by localized, red, and raised gingival lesions with distinct histological findings. The exact etiology of LJSGH has not been established, but trauma and orthodontic treatment have been proposed as possible causes. The aim of this review article is to identify etiologies of this condition and report evidence of which factors are most closely associated with LJSGH.

METHODS

A systematic literature search of the databases Pubmed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar through December 2023 was conducted. 215 subjects across 30 case series/studies were included and a descriptive analysis of data concerning patient demographics, clinical presentation, and treatment was conducted. Prevalence of potential etiologic contributors was also noted.

RESULTS

The review yielded 215 subjects, 110 males (51.2%) and 105 females (48.8%). The age was reported in 135 participants, with a mean age of 14.9 (Median= 12, SD= 11.14). Lesions were solitary in 94.0% of the cases (n= 202) and 86% of the cases (n=197) occurred on the maxilla, with 93.4% (n= 214) of lesions affecting the anterior portions of the gingiva. The facial surface of the gingiva was involved in 90.8% of the cases (n=208). The most common treatment for LJSGH was surgical excision (71%, n=87) followed by biofilm control and observation (13.9%, n= 17). Most lesions were not concurrent with orthodontic treatment (86.3%, n=107). In addition, other types of traumas preceding the lesions, such as dental extractions, were reported in only two patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite growing interest over the last couple of decades regarding LJSGH, it is still a poorly understood and underreported condition. Further research is required to better understand the disease process and how to treat it.

IMPLICATIONS

By highlighting the most prevalent etiological factors, clinical patterns, and treatment modalities associated with LJSGH throughout the current literature, this review may serve as a comprehensive resource for the disease process.

Objective

To evaluate the effects of local administration of doxycycline on bone regeneration and formation.

Design

An electronic search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from November 2023 to July 2024. Human and animals’ studies that assessed the local effect of doxycycline on bone formation and regeneration using histological and histomorphometric measures were included. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tool for quasiexperimental studies. This review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42024516306).

Results

Of the 23 studies selected for full-text analysis, five were deemed eligible for this review. No human clinical trials were found. The studies included evaluations of 94 rats, 28 rabbits, and 6 dogs. The histological and histomorphometric methods used varied among the studies. Limitations of the evidence included the heterogeneity of the analyses and the methodologies of the included studies.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that doxycycline may promote local bone formation and repair, and that its combination with other substances may enhance these effects in animal models. However, further translational research is required to confirm these results accurately and extend their applicability to human clinical studies.

OBJECTIVES

Define Quality Assurance (QA) & classify reasons for rejection of removable prosthodontic restorations during faculty QA review in predoctoral student clinic. Develop learning aids to make students aware of the most common reasons and how to avoid them.

METHODS

Three-year retrospective analysis of reasons for rejection during QA review of student's planned restorations. Categories of failure were organized in rank order.

RESULTS

Reasons for rejection in rank order: (1) Work Auth./Misc. (2) Impression (3) Casts/Articulation (4) Prep Design (5) Working Dies

CONCLUSIONS

QA is an integral part of predoctoral dental education, helping students to develop critical appraisal skills of restoration work. Learning aids developed from a student perspective may help students pre-emptively correct and avoid similar errors in the clinical setting.

IMPLICATIONS

Results of this analysis will make students more aware of and may help mitigate future errors in these categories, improving workflow within the clinic.

The peri‑implant mucosa (PIM) is formed during the wound healing process that follows implant and abutment placement. The PIM is known to play crucial roles in function; acting as a biologic barrier for bacterial infiltration and maintaining the mucosal health of the implant, and for implant esthetics. This narrative review presents:

• Differences between periodontal soft tissue attachment and peri‑implant mucosal tissue attachment

• Development of the osseointegration and its effect on PIM

• Different Implant – abutment interface configurations including one– VS two-piece implants, bone-level VS tissue-level implants, and PIM in different implant collars

• Engineering in surface characteristics

Background

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a chronic inflammatory disease, primarily caused by microbial infections and characterized by immune system dysfunction. The latter ultimately leads to the progressive destruction of the alveolar bone supporting the teeth in the jawbones. Chronic migraine (CM) is a complex disorder characterized by repetitive episodes of moderate to severe headaches that unfold over hours to days. The episodes are usually unilateral and generally associated with nausea and light and/or sound stimuli sensitivity. The disease is a common cause of disability and loss of working hours, as it significantly burdens the patient's daily life. CP and CM association is clinically relevant as both involve inflammatory mechanisms and immune dysfunction.

Aim

To systematically review the literature on the epidemiological association between CP and CM in adults.

Methods

The study protocol followed the PRISMA 2020 statement. The design of the study adhered to the Cochrane methodology. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, as well as a manual search and evaluation of gray literature sources. The Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 software was used for the meta-analysis. The effect size of the outcome was expressed as odds ratio (OR) with a 95 % confidence interval (CI), providing a measure of the association between CP and CM. The Chi-square test and I² statistic were employed to assess heterogeneity among the included studies. The inclusion criteria were English language, observational (case-control) design, and report of the diagnostic criteria for CP and CM. Duplicate entries were excluded. The reliability and quality of the included studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and GRADE tools. Two independent reviewers performed all evaluations and a third resolved discrepancies.

Results

The meta-analysis included three observational studies with 522 participants. CM patients were 2.82 times more likely to be diagnosed with CP compared with healthy controls. This association was statistically significant (OR 2.82, 95 % CI 1.96–4.05, p < 0.0001); however, the external generalizability is limited because of the examination of data originating from populations with specific ethnic backgrounds.

Conclusion

A high prevalence of CP was found among patients with CM compared with healthy controls. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the correlation between these pathological conditions to provide patients with high-quality care through an effective and comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic approach.