Chemical record最新文献

Carbon dioxide and methane are the most critical anthropogenic greenhouse gases, contributing substantially to environmental degradation and global warming. Dry reforming of methane (DRM) offers an efficient route to convert these gases into syngas (H₂ and CO), a key feedstock for ammonia synthesis and Fischer-Tropsch processes. Because this transformation requires catalysts capable of activating both molecules while resisting severe carbon deposition, catalyst design plays a decisive role in determining DRM efficiency. Among various catalytic systems, cobalt-based catalysts have emerged as particularly promising solutions due to their intrinsic coke resistance, favorable redox properties, and structural stability under high-temperature reforming conditions. This review summarizes recent advances in Co-based catalysts for DRM, including the design of mono- and bimetallic formulations, the role of supports in tuning dispersion and metal-support interactions, and mechanistic insights into CH₄ and CO₂ activation. The analysis of the structure performance relationship highlights cobalt's potential as a cost-effective and durable active phase for efficient DRM and guides future catalyst design.

Stereoisomers arising from the rotational restriction about a CN single bond, namely CN atropisomers, have recently attracted considerable attention in the field of synthetic organic chemistry. Diverse CN atropisomeric compounds have been prepared with high optical purity through catalytic enantioselective reactions, and they have been used in various asymmetric reactions as chiral building blocks and chiral ligands. CN atropisomers are attractive compounds from the viewpoint of not only synthetic organic chemistry but also medicinal chemistry. Recently, various CN atropisomeric bioactive compounds have been found, and their biological activity, the target selectivity, and the pharmacokinetics have been revealed to differ significantly between atropisomers. On the other hand, we feel that the chemistry community is still not fully aware of the fascinating biological properties of CN atropisomers. This review article comprehensively describes CN atropisomeric compounds exhibiting diverse biological activities as well as the synthesis or separation of atropisomers and their rotational stability.

Cancer treatment faces significant challenges, including high invasiveness, systemic toxicity, and recurrence risks. Minimally invasive therapies such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT) have gained attention for their selectivity and low toxicity. Porphyrin-based compounds, with excellent photo/sono-sensitivity, are ideal for these therapies but face limitations like poor water solubility, aggregation, rapid metabolism, insufficient tumor targeting, and potential phototoxicity. Nanotechnology provides solutions: (1) Enhancing porphyrin's solubility and stability through strategies like liposomal encapsulation and polymer coating; (2) Using materials like hydrogen-bond organic frameworks (HOFs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to improve solubility, prevent aggregation, and enable efficient drug loading; (3) Developing tumor microenvironment-responsive porphyrin-based nanoplatforms for precise drug release, improving tumor targeting and reducing toxicity; (4) Integrating PDT/SDT/PTT with chemotherapy and immunotherapy for synergistic effects, overcoming resistance and metastasis. This review discusses the advances in multifunctional porphyrin-based nanobiomaterials, highlighting their role in precision theranostics and synergistic therapy for next-generation, low-toxicity, high-efficiency, personalized cancer treatments.

Ammonia is emerging as a carbon-free hydrogen carrierowing to its high hydrogen density, established storage infrastructure, and compatibility with existing energy carriers. Nevertheless, the efficient release of hydrogen through ammonia decomposition at low temperatures remains kinetically demanding. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in nickel-based catalysis for ammonia decomposition, emphasizing the interplay between catalyst design, mechanistic understanding, and performance optimization guided by the Sabatier principle. The discussion highlights how basic and defect-rich oxide supports (CeO₂, La₂O₃, Gd-CeO₂) enhance Ni dispersion and electronic interactions, promoting activity rivaling that of noble metals. The incorporation of rare-earth and alkaline-earth promoters (Ce, La, Mg) improves low- and high-temperature stability, while bimetallic systems such as Ni-Co and Ni-Fe alloys extend the operational temperature window and activity range through synergistic effects. Emerging insights from atomic-scale catalysts, including single Ni sites on reducible oxides, reveal pathways to lower activation barriers and enable ammonia decomposition near 300°C. Collectively, this review consolidates mechanistic advances and engineering strategies that unify surface science, materials chemistry, and reactor design, providing a framework for developing cost-effective, durable, and low-temperature Ni-based catalysts for efficient hydrogen generation from ammonia.

Green catalysts are increasingly being explored as sustainable alternatives to traditional catalytic systems. Their use in high-temperature processes remains unexplored. This review concentrates on building green catalysts for applications like hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, thermal cracking, and reforming. The systematic classification of green catalysts by sustainability metrics and catalytic functionality is also done and critically examines major catalytic modes, metal-centered, acid/base driven, and bifunctional catalysis, emphasizing their distinct mechanistic features. Additionally, detailed mechanistic insights into each high-temperature reaction are presented. It covers recent advancements in metals readily available on Earth, systems devoid of metal, redox-active supports providing stability at high temperatures, coke resistance, and environmental safety. Using synthesis techniques, structure-function correlations, and density functional theory (DFT) insights, the review elucidates the influence of a material's structure on its catalytic performance under demanding conditions. Unlike other reviews, this review emphasizes the molecular and structural requirements of high-temperature catalysis. It reveals significant knowledge gaps in lifecycle sustainability, operando characterization, and scalability. Along with a strategy for the following generation of green catalytic systems employed in high-energy environments, the review also includes future directions in green catalyst design. This roadmap highlights pathways of designing thermally stable, regenerable, eco-friendly catalyst structures and the incorporation of DFT-controlled predictive technologies to accelerate the finding of the next-generation green catalytic structures.

Metal-free borylative cyclizations of alkynes have emerged as a powerful and versatile strategy for the construction of boron-containing cyclic frameworks. By exploiting the electrophilic activation of alkynes with boron Lewis acids, these transformations enable intramolecular nucleophilic attack rendering the simultaneous formation of CB and CC or CX bonds under mild, transition-metal-free conditions. While early examples relied on B(C₆F₅)₃ and delivered products of limited synthetic utility, recent developments based primarily on ClBcat and BCl₃ have greatly expanded the scope and practical relevance of these reactions. A wide range of heteroatom- and carbon-based nucleophiles can be engaged, providing access to diverse borylated hetero- and carbocycles, typically isolated as versatile boronate esters. This review summarizes recent advances in this rapidly developing field and reveals future opportunities for expanding molecular diversity through rational substrate design.

This review highlights recent advancements (2021-2025) in the one-pot multicomponent synthesis of 2-amino-5-oxo-4-phenyl-4H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c][1]benzopyran-3-carbonitriles, a class of biologically significant heterocycles with diverse pharmacological properties. The methodologies are categorized based on the type of catalyst used, including deep eutectic solvent-based catalysts, ionic liquid-based catalysts, nanocatalysts, heterogeneous hybrid solid green catalysts, homogeneous base catalysts like piperidine, agro-waste extract, organo-salt catalyst and tertiary base surfactant. These catalytic systems have demonstrated improvements in reaction efficiency, environmental sustainability, and product yields. By organizing these developments, the review provides a valuable resource for guiding future research in green and efficient heterocyclic synthesis.

In the last decade, boranils have emerged as one of the mostcompetitive candidates among other boron-based dyes due to the ease of their synthesis and postfunctionalization. This review primarily focuses on rational molecular design concepts and postfunctionalization strategies, highlighting the structure-property relationships of boranils to fine-tune their photophysical properties, such as intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), aggregation-induced emission (AIE), circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), and solid-state emission. Overall, the past few decades have witnessed the gradual development of boranil from individual fluorescent molecules to functional building blocks, opening up a wide range of applications in material chemistry, biomedicine, and photocatalysis.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), owing to their highly tunable structures, large specific surface areas, rich pore architectures, and diverse functionalities, have emerged as promising candidates for addressing environmental and energy challenges. With continuous advances in green synthesis techniques, eco-friendly applications of MOFs are progressively transitioning from laboratory research to real-world engineering. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in MOF applications across multiple green technology domains, including environmental remediation, sustainable energy conversion and storage, agricultural and food sciences, and healthcare. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms and performance of MOFs in air pollution control, water treatment, photo/electrocatalytic water splitting and hydrogen storage, lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, pesticide delivery systems, food packaging materials, drug delivery, and bioimaging. Furthermore, key challenges facing practical MOF applications, such as material stability, regenerability, scalability in synthesis, and environmental safety, are critically analyzed. Prospects for future research directions are also outlined. This review aims to provide theoretical support and research guidance for the advanced application of MOFs in green chemistry, low-carbon energy, smart agriculture, and precision medicine, thereby promoting their further engineering implementation and industrialization within the framework of sustainable development.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage due to their cost-effectiveness, high capacity, and low redox potential. However, zinc metal anodes undergo chemical corrosion in aqueous electrolyte, which limits their further development. Therefore, it is significant to achieve highly stable zinc anodes for the practical application of zinc-ion batteries. In this review, various existing Zn anode issues are summarized and discussed in detail. Moreover, we propose comprehensive strategies for constructing stable Zn anodes. Finally, the optimistic perspective and research directions are elaborated for functional zinc anodes. This work provides new insights for the rational design of zinc metal anodes.