Chemical record最新文献

Over the past 30 years, I have pursued research on the precise control of doping levels (DLs) and molecular structure in conjugated organic materials for understanding their molecular properties and applying them to photo- and electroactive materials. In this personal account, an overview of studies analyzing the molecular characteristics of conjugated oligomers-including their optical, electrochemical, thermal, and electrical properties-is provided in relation to the main-chain π-conjugated length, the electron-donating and -accepting nature of side chains, and the DLs. Furthermore, the development of dye molecules and polymeric materials based on these oligomers and their applications in energy-related devices, such as electrochromic smart windows, dye-sensitized solar cells, organic photovoltaics, and organic thermoelectrics, are described. By integrating molecular design with doping control, these efforts bridge the gap between property design and device-level functionality, offering valuable guidelines for the future development of high-performance organic materials.

The rapid progression of industrialization has generated substantial environmental deterioration, posing significant threats to public health. Developing efficient and cost-effective strategies to combat environmental pollution is of paramount importance. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as a versatile photocatalytic platform, distinguished by their structurally tunable porosity, exceptional light-harvesting capacity, and superior charge separation efficiency. In particular, the intrinsically crystalline 3D structures of MOFs, characterized by highly ordered coordination networks and well-defined pore architectures, provide stable channels for molecular transport and endow the spatial organization of catalytically active sites. This review systematically summarizes the fundamental mechanisms and recent progress in MOF-based photocatalysis for environmental remediation, focusing on the degradation of organic pollutants, decomposition of antibiotics, and reduction of toxic heavy metal ions. Finally, current challenges and prospects in the field are critically discussed, providing a perspective for the rational design of high-performance MOF photocatalysts.

The employment of the copious and renewable carbon dioxide (CO₂) as a C1 synthon in multicomponent reactions represents a revolutionary strategy for promoting sustainable synthesis and the valorization of carbon resources. This review comprehensively scrutinizes recent advancements in CO₂-involved multicomponent reactions with isocyanides, primarily focusing on two innovative methodologies: first, the strategic in situ generation of reactive carbonate intermediates from CO₂ in Ugi and Passerini reactions, which facilitates the efficient assembly of nitrogen-containing fine chemicals. Second, the transition-metal-catalyzed direct incorporation of CO₂ into isocyanides, enabling subsequent cyclization with o-haloanilines, alkynes, and other components to obtain privileged heterocyclic structures-such as quinazolinediones and phthalimides-and functional polymeric materials. These developments not only lay the fundamental mechanistic groundwork for CO₂ participation in amphiphilic reaction systems but also highlight its significant potential for the design of novel pharmacologically active agents and advanced functional materials.

The interdisciplinary integration of conventional organic synthesis with advanced electrochemical methodologies has catalyzed the emergence of a transformative discipline: organic electrochemical synthesis. This innovative field has emerged as a pivotal player in addressing contemporary challenges of escalating energy scarcity and environmental degradation. This review initiates its discourse by examining cathodic reduction processes in organic-electrochemical synthesis systems. We systematically elucidate the electrochemically driven reduction-hydrogenation (deuteration) and reductive coupling reactions occurring at unsaturated bonds (CO, CN, and NN) through a critical analysis of recent advancements. Our comprehensive presentation aims to provide scholars with profound insights into the distinct advantages and underlying mechanisms that differentiate electrochemical organic synthesis from traditional catalytic approaches, particularly emphasizing its enhanced atom economy, superior energy efficiency, and improved environmental compatibility.

The current global energy demand has made it urgent to find highly efficient, cost-effective, and lightweight solar technologies. Organic and perovskite-based solar cells have recently emerged as strong alternatives by offering significant advantages over traditional silicon-based solar cells. However, the development of highly efficient photovoltaic materials with tunable optoelectronic properties remains challenging. This review article summarizes the progress in the development of various metal- and metalloid-based diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) materials for photovoltaic applications. DPP is a widely used chromophore for preparing efficient semiconducting materials due to its strong electron-accepting ability, broad absorption spectra and high thermal stability, along with a rigid planar backbone, supports π-π stacking and efficient charge transport. This review systematically describes the synthetic design strategies, optoelectronic properties, and device performance of metal- (iron, platinum, iridium) and metalloid- (sulfur, selenium, tellurium, silicon) based DPP materials. A detailed analysis with respect to their structure-property relationships and impact of metal on the device performance is provided. The analysis of various derivatives shows that the nickel-DPP-based ternary devices achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.06%, whereas the platinum-DPP binary device gives the highest efficiency of 15.03%. The review emphasizes the importance of integrating various metal- and metalloid elements into DPP to enhance performance. Finally, the review concludes by addressing fundamental challenges and promising future research directions.

Indazoles and benzisoxazoles, two eminent nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds, have attracted tremendous attention for diverse biological activities, involving antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, antitumor, and antibiotic studies. On the other hand, a proficient tool for inserting, exchanging, or deleting atom within the core structure of the molecules, is described as skeletal editing, which is also a hot topic in recent days. Therefore, the skeletal modification of N-heterocycles facilitates many challenging synthetic pathways into simplified synthetic strategies for several medicinally important biochemicals. In general, the skeletal editing of these heterocycles proceeds through carbon insertion, nitrogen insertion and C-N bond insertion. This review article provides an overview of an eminent synthetic strategy, skeletal editing, of two noteworthy widespread heterocyclic compounds with literature coverage up to June, 2025.

As vital biomacromolecules, polysaccharides play pivotal roles in biological processes, including cell recognition, immune modulation, and signal transduction. Their bioactivities hinge on the precise "sugar code," comprising monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkages, chain length, branching, and modifications. However, natural extraction faces challenges, including yield variability, low purity, and batch inconsistencies, which impede research and applications. Thus, synthetic approaches have emerged as an essential strategy for producing well-defined polysaccharides. This review summarizes recent progress in polysaccharide synthesis across chemical, enzymatic, and chemoenzymatic approaches. Framing the "structure-synthesis-function" nexus, it elucidates the design principles and application potential of bioactive polysaccharides, traces their evolution from fundamental research to industrial implementation, and offers strategic insights for drug discovery, biomaterials engineering, and functional food development.

Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines are privileged nitrogen-bridged heterocycles with significant applications in medicinal chemistry, materials science, and pharmaceuticals. The synthetic approaches through conventional modes rely on hazardous reagents, toxic solvents, and energy-intensive conditions, posing environmental and economic concerns. To overcome these bottlenecks, recent research has initiated focused efforts on sustainable and eco-friendly strategies aligning with green chemistry principles. This review evaluates recent advancements (2020-2024) in synthesis, including microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, catalyst-free, solvent-free, green solvent-mediated, and homogenous catalyst-assisted approaches. The mechanistic pathways, efficiency, and sustainability of these methodologies are thoroughly analyzed, along with their advantages and inherent limitations. Furthermore, key challenges such as scalability, catalyst recovery, and industrial applicability are discussed alongside innovations such as biocatalysis, photocatalysis, and electrosynthesis. The integration of these advanced strategies is expected to drive the transition toward greener, cost-effective, and scalable methodologies for a sustainable future in heterocyclic chemistry.

Solid-state nanochannels, as an emerging single-molecule sensing platform, have shown great potential in environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, and food safety owing to their high stability, tunable geometry, and facile surface functionalization. However, in complex matrices, nonspecific adsorption, ion competition, and background noise often compromise the accuracy and reliability of detection. In recent years, interfacial modification has provided effective solutions to these challenges. This review summarizes various interfacial engineering methods for solid-state nanochannels, focusing on three main aspects: stability enhancement, specific recognition, and signal amplification. For stability enhancement, strategies such as antifouling coating, surface charge/hydrophilicity regulation, and covalent crosslinking are highlighted. For specific recognition, structure-adaptive modification, biomimetic engineering, and cooperative self-assembly are discussed. For signal amplification, in situ nucleic acid amplification, nanotag-assisted amplification, and catalysis-mediated signal amplification are presented. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are outlined, emphasizing that the integration of interfacial modification with multidisciplinary approaches, including nanomaterials, molecular engineering, and artificial intelligence-driven signal processing, which will further advance high-precision detection in complex matrices.

The rising global energy demand requires the development of high-performance supercapacitors (SCs) that synergize high-power density with substantial energy density. The pursuit of such energy storage devices is fundamentally related to the innovation of advanced electrode materials. Two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has recently emerged as a compelling candidate, distinguished by its unique nitrogen-rich structure, tunable electronic properties, and facile synthesis. This review provides a comprehensive and critical investigation of g-C₃N₄-based materials for SCs. We systematically analyze the crystal structure, physicochemical properties, and synthesis methodologies of g-C₃N₄, correlating these characteristics with their electrochemical performance. For the first time, a detailed comparative analysis is presented, categorizing strategies into the engineering of pristine g-C₃N₄, heteroatom doping, and the construction of composites. We place particular emphasis on the superior performance of composites formed with conductive polymers, transition metal oxides/sulfides (TMOs/TMSs), graphene, MXenes, and other families, where synergistic effects enhance conductivity, stability, and charge storage capacity. Finally, we provide a critical outlook on the existing challenges and future possible directions, aiming to guide the rational design of next-generation g-C₃N₄-based electrode materials to unlock their full potential in SCs.