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Applications of Clauson-Kaas Reaction in Organic Synthesis. 克劳森-卡斯反应在有机合成中的应用。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400112
Pargat Singh, Abhijeet Singh, Dileep Kumar Singh, Mahendra Nath

Pyrrole-embedded organic molecules received a considerable importance due to their numerous biological and material applications. Hence, several synthetic strategies have been devised for the construction of diverse pyrrole analogues over the years. Among these, the Clauson-Kaas reaction is one of the most widely used protocols for the synthesis of various N-substituted pyrroles. This review briefly describes the Clauson-Kaas reaction along with modifications and a detailed account on its applications in the various sectors of organic synthesis.

嵌入吡咯的有机分子因其在生物和材料领域的众多应用而备受重视。因此,多年来人们设计了多种合成策略来构建各种吡咯类似物。其中,克劳森-卡斯反应是合成各种 N-取代吡咯的最广泛使用的方案之一。本综述简要介绍了 Clauson-Kaas 反应及其改进,并详细说明了它在有机合成各个领域的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Transition Metal-Catalyzed C-H Activation/Functionalization of 8-Methylquinolines. 过渡金属催化的 8-甲基喹啉的 C-H 活化/官能化。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400116
Fatemeh Doraghi, Mohammad Mahdi Aghanour Ashtiani, Mahmoud Ameli, Bagher Larijani, Mohammad Mahdavi

8-Methylquinoline is regarded as an ideal substrate to participate in diversely C(sp3)-H functionalization reactions. The presence of the chelating nitrogen atom enables 8-methylquinoline to easily form cyclometallated complexes with various transition metals, leading to the selective synthesis of functionalized quinolines. Considering the great importance of quinoline cores in medicinal chemistry, in this review article, we have covered the publications related to the C-H activation and functionalization of 8-methylquinoline under transition metal catalysis during the last decade.

8 甲基喹啉被认为是参与多种 C(sp3)-H 官能化反应的理想底物。螯合氮原子的存在使 8-甲基喹啉很容易与各种过渡金属形成环金属络合物,从而导致功能化喹啉的选择性合成。考虑到喹啉核在药物化学中的重要性,我们在这篇综述文章中介绍了近十年来在过渡金属催化下与 8-甲基喹啉的 C-H 活化和官能化有关的文献。
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引用次数: 0
Emerging Trends in CdS-Based Nanoheterostructures: From Type-II and Z-Scheme toward S-Scheme Photocatalytic H2 Production. 基于 CdS 的纳米异质结构的新趋势:从 II 型和 Z 型到 S 型光催化制取 H2。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400127
Ikram Ullah, Pei Zhao, Ning Qin, Shuai Chen, Jing-Han Li, An-Wu Xu

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) based heterojunctions, including type-II, Z-scheme, and S-scheme systems emerged as promising materials for augmenting photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) generation from water splitting. This review offers an exclusive highlight of their fundamental principles, synthesis routes, charge transfer mechanisms, and performance properties in improving H2 production. We overview the crucial roles of Type-II heterojunctions in enhancing charge separation, Z-scheme heterojunctions in promoting redox potentials to reduce electron-hole (e-/h+) pairs recombination, and S-scheme heterojunctions in combining the merits of both type-II and Z-scheme frameworks to obtain highly efficient H2 production. The importance of this review is demonstrated by its thorough comparison of these three configurations, presenting valuable insights into their special contributions and capability for augmenting photocatalytic H2 activity. Additionally, key challenges and prospects in the practical applications of CdS-based heterojunctions are addressed, which provides a comprehensive route for emerging research in achieving sustainable energy goals.

基于硫化镉(CdS)的异质结,包括 II 型、Z 型和 S 型系统,已成为增强光催化水分裂产生氢气(H2)的有前途的材料。本综述独家重点介绍了它们的基本原理、合成路线、电荷转移机制以及在提高 H2 产率方面的性能特性。我们概述了 II 型异质结在增强电荷分离方面的关键作用,Z 型主题异质结在促进氧化还原电位以减少电子-空穴(e-/h+)对重组方面的关键作用,以及 S 型主题异质结在结合 II 型和 Z 型主题框架的优点以获得高效 H2 产能方面的关键作用。本综述的重要性体现在对这三种构型进行了全面比较,对它们在提高光催化 H2 活性方面的特殊贡献和能力提出了宝贵的见解。此外,还探讨了基于 CdS 的异质结在实际应用中面临的主要挑战和前景,为实现可持续能源目标的新兴研究提供了一条全面的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Recent Progress on NHC-Catalyzed 1,6-Conjugate Addition Reactions. NHC催化1,6-共轭物加成反应的最新进展。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400125
Jun Sun, Shichun Jiang, Yonggui Liu, Ling Pan, Ying-Guo Liu, Bing Zeng

As a significant variant of the Michael reaction, the 1,6-addition reaction has undergone considerable development over the past decade. This effective strategy enables the synthesis of a variety of novel and potentially bioactive functional molecules. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in NHC-catalyzed 1,6-addition reactions, highlighting their efficiency in the rapid synthesis of complex functional molecules. We also provide our perspectives on the future development of this dynamic and highly active research area.

作为迈克尔反应的一个重要变体,1,6-加成反应在过去十年中得到了长足的发展。这种有效的策略可以合成各种新型的、具有潜在生物活性的功能分子。在这篇综述中,我们总结了 NHC 催化的 1,6-加成反应的最新进展,强调了它们在快速合成复杂功能分子方面的效率。我们还对这一充满活力和高度活跃的研究领域的未来发展进行了展望。
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引用次数: 0
Advancements in Desilylation Reactions for the Synthesis of Valuable Organic Molecules. 脱硅反应在合成有价值有机分子方面的进展。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400120
Chuang Liu, Le Zhang, Qingqing You, Huangdi Feng, Junhai Huang

Silicon, due to its abundance, non-toxicity, and cost-effectiveness, is a critical element in the earth's crust with significant industrial applications. In organic chemistry, main group elements, and in particular silicon, are extensively utilized as versatile synthetic intermediates. Despite the current challenges associated with harsh reaction conditions and unsustainable practices in synthesizing crucial organic structural molecules, desilylation reactions have emerged as a facilitative method, offering milder conditions and operational simplicity. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in the synthesis of valuable organic molecules through two distinct desilylation reactions. It systematically presents the synthesis of a variety of derivatives, such as furan, alcohol, N-heterocyclic, and ketone, highlighting the broad substrate tolerance of these reactions. This broad functional group compatibility suggests a promising future for the synthesis of a wide range of bioactive molecules, underscoring the significant potential of desilylation in contemporary organic synthesis.

硅因其丰富、无毒和成本效益高,是地壳中的一种重要元素,在工业中有着重要的应用。在有机化学中,主族元素,特别是硅,被广泛用作多功能合成中间体。尽管目前在合成关键有机结构分子时面临着反应条件苛刻和不可持续的挑战,但脱硅烷反应已成为一种便利的方法,它提供了更温和的条件和更简单的操作。本综述全面分析了通过两种不同的脱硅烷反应合成有价值有机分子的最新进展。它系统地介绍了呋喃、醇、N-杂环和酮等多种衍生物的合成,突出了这些反应对底物的广泛耐受性。这种广泛的官能团兼容性为合成各种生物活性分子提供了广阔的前景,凸显了脱硅反应在当代有机合成中的巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive Review on the Synthesis of [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5-a]Quinolines. 1,2,3]三唑并[1,5-a]喹啉类化合物合成综述》。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400107
Gabriel P Da Costa, Manoela Sacramento, Angelita M Barcellos, Diego Alves

This report outlines the evolution and recent progress about the different protocols to synthesize the N-heterocycles fused hybrids, specifically [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]quinoline. This review encompasses a broad range of approaches, describing several reactions for obtaining this since, such as dehydrogenative cyclization, oxidative N-N coupling, Dieckmann condensation, intramolecular Heck, (3+2)-cycloaddition, Ullman-type coupling and direct intramolecular arylation reactions. We divided this review in three section based in the starting materials to synthesize the target [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]quinolines. Starting materials containing quinoline or triazole units previously formed, as well as starting materials which both quinoline and triazole units are formed in situ. Different methods of obtaining are described, such as metal-free or catalyzed conditions, azide-free, using conventional heating or alternative energy sources, such as electrochemical and photochemical methods. Mechanistic insights underlying the reported reactions were also described in this comprehensive review.

本报告概述了合成 N-杂环融合混合物(特别是 [1,2,3]三唑并[1,5-a]喹啉)的不同方案的演变和最新进展。本综述涵盖了广泛的方法,介绍了获得这种混合物的几种反应,如脱氢环化、氧化 N-N 偶联、迪克曼缩合、分子内 Heck、(3+2)-环加成、乌尔曼型偶联和直接分子内芳基化反应。我们根据合成目标[1,2,3]三唑并[1,5-a]喹啉的起始材料将本综述分为三部分。起始材料包括以前形成的含有喹啉或三唑单元的材料,以及原位形成喹啉和三唑单元的起始材料。介绍了不同的获得方法,如无金属或催化条件、无叠氮、使用传统加热或替代能源,如电化学和光化学方法。本综述还介绍了所报道反应的机理。
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引用次数: 0
Retraction: Stimuli-Responsive Transformable Supramolecular Nanotubes. 撤稿:刺激响应型可转化超分子纳米管。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400189
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引用次数: 0
Catalysts for Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs): Efficient Storage and Transport for Renewable Energy. 液态有机氢载体 (LOHC) 催化剂:可再生能源的高效储存和运输。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400082
Huda S Alghamdi, Ahsan Ali, Afnan M Ajeebi, Abdesslem Jedidi, Mohammed Sanhoob, Mahbuba Aktary, A H Shabi, Mohammad Usman, Wasan Alghamdi, Shahad Alzahrani, Md Abdul Aziz, M Nasiruzzaman Shaikh

Restructuring the current energy industry towards sustainability requires transitioning from carbon based to renewable energy sources, reducing CO2 emissions. Hydrogen, is considered a significant clean energy carrier. However, it faces challenges in transportation and storage due to its high reactivity, flammability, and low density under ambient conditions. Liquid organic hydrogen carriers offer a solution for storing hydrogen because they allow for the economical and practical storage of organic compounds in regular vessels through hydrogenation and dehydrogenation. This review evaluates several hydrogen technologies aimed at addressing the challenges associated with hydrogen transportation and its economic viablity. The discussion delves into exploring the catalysts and their activity in the context of catalysts' development. This review highlights the pivotal role of various catalyst materials in enhancing the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation activities of multiple LOHC systems, including benzene/cyclohexane, toluene/methylcyclohexane (MCH), N-ethylcarbazole (NEC)/dodecahydro-N-ethylcarbazole (H12-NEC), and dibenzyltoluene (DBT)/perhydrodibenzyltoluene (H18-DBT). By exploring the catalytic properties of noble metals, transition metals, and multimetallic catalysts, the review provides valuable insights into their design and optimization. Also, the discussion revolved around the implementation of a hydrogen economy on a global scale, with a particular focus on the plans pertaining to Saudi Arabia and the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) countries. The review lays out the challenges this technology will face, including the need to increase its H2 capacity, reduce energy consumption by providing solutions, and guarantee the thermal stability of the materials.

要使当前的能源产业实现可持续发展,就必须从碳基能源过渡到可再生能源,从而减少二氧化碳排放。氢被认为是一种重要的清洁能源载体。然而,由于其在环境条件下的高反应性、易燃性和低密度,它在运输和储存方面面临着挑战。液态有机氢载体为储存氢气提供了一种解决方案,因为它们可以通过氢化和脱氢将有机化合物储存在普通容器中,既经济又实用。本综述评估了几种氢技术,旨在解决与氢运输及其经济可行性相关的挑战。讨论深入探讨了催化剂及其在催化剂开发方面的活性。本综述强调了各种催化剂材料在提高多种 LOHC 系统(包括苯/环己烷、甲苯/甲基环己烷 (MCH)、N-乙基咔唑 (NEC)/ 十二氢-N-乙基咔唑 (H12-NEC) 和二苄基甲苯 (DBT)/ 全氢二苄基甲苯 (H18-DBT))的加氢和脱氢活性方面的关键作用。通过探讨贵金属、过渡金属和多金属催化剂的催化特性,该综述为催化剂的设计和优化提供了宝贵的见解。此外,讨论还围绕在全球范围内实施氢经济展开,并特别关注沙特阿拉伯和海湾合作委员会(GCC)国家的相关计划。综述列出了这项技术将面临的挑战,包括需要提高氢气容量、通过提供解决方案降低能耗以及保证材料的热稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
Fundamental and Practical Aspects of Break-In/Conditioning of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells 质子交换膜燃料电池磨合/调节的基础和实践方面。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400114
Mitja Kostelec, Matija Gatalo, Nejc Hodnik

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have proven to be a promising power source for various applications ranging from portable devices to automotive and stationary power systems. The production of PEMFC involves numerous stages in the value chain, with each stage presenting unique challenges and opportunities to improve the overall performance and durability of the PEMFC stack. These include steps such as manufacturing the key components such as the platinum-based catalyst, processing these components into the membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), and stacking the MEAs to ultimately produce a PEMFC stack. However, it is also known that the break-in or conditioning phase of the stack plays a crucial role in the final performance as well as durability. It involves several key phenomena such as hydration of the membrane, swelling of the ionomer, redistribution of the catalyst and the creation of suitable electrochemical interfaces – establishment of the triple phase boundary. These improve the proton conductivity, the mass transport of reactants and products, the catalytic activity of the electrode and thus the overall efficiency of the FC. The cruciality of break-in is demonstrated by the improvement in performance, which can even be over 50 % compared to the initial state. The state-of-the-art approach for the break-in of MEAs involves an electrochemical protocol, such as voltage cycling, using a PEMFC testing station. This method is time-consuming, equipment-intensive, and costly. Therefore, new, elegant, and cost-effective solutions are needed. Nevertheless, the primary aim is to achieve maximum/optimal performance so that it is fully operational and ready for the market. It is therefore essential to better understand and deconvolute these complex mechanisms taking place during break-in/conditioning. Strategies include controlled humidity and temperature cycling, novel electrode materials and other advanced break-in methods such as air braking, vacuum activation or steaming. In addition, it is critical to address the challenges associated with standardisation and quantification of protocols to enable interlaboratory comparisons to further advance the field.

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)已被证明是一种前景广阔的动力源,适用于从便携式设备到汽车和固定动力系统等各种应用领域。质子交换膜燃料电池的生产涉及价值链中的多个阶段,每个阶段都为提高质子交换膜燃料电池堆的整体性能和耐用性带来了独特的挑战和机遇。这些步骤包括制造铂基催化剂等关键部件、将这些部件加工成膜电极组件(MEA)以及堆叠 MEA 以最终生产出 PEMFC 堆。然而,众所周知,堆栈的磨合或调节阶段对最终性能和耐用性起着至关重要的作用。这涉及几个关键现象,如膜的水化、离子聚合物的膨胀、催化剂的重新分布以及合适的电化学界面的形成--三相边界的建立。这些现象改善了质子传导性、反应物和产物的质量传输、电极的催化活性,从而提高了 FC 的整体效率。性能的改善证明了磨合的重要性,与初始状态相比,性能改善甚至可以超过 50%。最先进的 MEA 磨合方法涉及电化学协议,例如使用 PEMFC 测试站进行电压循环。这种方法耗时长、设备密集、成本高昂。因此,我们需要新的、优雅的和具有成本效益的解决方案。然而,首要目标是实现最高/最优性能,使其能够完全投入使用,并随时准备投放市场。因此,必须更好地理解和破解磨合/调节过程中发生的这些复杂机制。策略包括控制湿度和温度循环、新型电极材料和其他先进的磨合方法,如空气制动、真空激活或蒸气。此外,关键是要解决与协议标准化和量化相关的挑战,以便进行实验室间比较,进一步推动该领域的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Cover Feature: Application of 2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]Hept-5-En-3-One (Vince Lactam) in Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (Chem. Rec. 9/2024) 封面专题:2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]Hept-5-En-3-One (Vince Lactam) 在有机合成和药物化学中的应用(Chem.)
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202480902
Dr. Melinda Nonn, Prof. Santos Fustero, Prof. Loránd Kiss

The cover picture shows the structure of some three-dimensional small molecular entities, such as highly-functionalized cyclopentanes and saturated azaheterocycles with multiple chiral centers, derived by chemical manipulations of Vince lactam. More details can be found in article number e2024000070 by Melinda Nonn, Santos Fustero, and Loránd Kiss. (DOl: 10.1002/tcr.202400070.

封面图片展示了一些三维小分子实体的结构,如高官能度的环戊烷和具有多个手性中心的饱和杂杂环,它们都是通过对文思内酰胺进行化学处理而得到的。更多详情,请参阅 Melinda Nonn、Santos Fustero 和 Loránd Kiss 的 e2024000070 号文章。(DOl: 10.1002/tcr.202400070)。
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引用次数: 0
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