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31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Monitoring Organic Reactions and Organic Compounds. 用于监测有机反应和有机化合物的 31P 核磁共振波谱。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400132
João Marcos Anghinoni, Irum, Haroon Ur Rashid, Eder João Lenardão, Márcio Santos Silva

31P NMR spectroscopy is a consolidated tool for the characterization of organophosphorus compounds and, more recently, for reaction monitoring. The evolution of organic synthesis, mainly due to the combination of elaborated building blocks with enabling technologies, generated great challenges to understand and to optimize the synthetic methodologies. In this sense, 31P NMR experiments also became a routine technique for reaction monitoring, accessing products and side products yields, chiral recognition, kinetic data, intermediates, as well as basic organic parameters, such as acid-base and hydrogen-bonding. This review deals with these aspects demonstrating the essential role of the 31P NMR spectroscopy. The recent publications (the last ten years) will be explored, discussing the experiments of 31P NMR and the strategies accomplished to detect and/or quantify distinct organophosphorus molecules, approaching reaction mechanism, stability, stereochemistry, and the utility as a probe.

31P NMR 光谱是表征有机磷化合物以及最近用于反应监测的一种综合工具。有机合成的发展,主要是由于精心制作的构件与使能技术的结合,给理解和优化合成方法带来了巨大挑战。从这个意义上讲,31P NMR 实验也成为了一种常规技术,用于监测反应、获取产物和副产物产量、手性识别、动力学数据、中间体以及基本有机参数(如酸碱和氢键)。本综述从这些方面论述了 31P NMR 光谱的重要作用。将探讨最近(过去十年)发表的文章,讨论 31P NMR 的实验以及在检测和/或量化不同有机磷分子、接近反应机理、稳定性、立体化学和作为探针的效用方面所采用的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Data Science Guiding Analysis of Organic Reaction Mechanism and Prediction. 数据科学指导有机反应机理分析和预测。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400148
Giovanna Scalli Tâmega, Mateus Oliveira Costa, Ariel de Araujo Pereira, Marco Antonio Barbosa Ferreira

Advancements in synthetic organic chemistry are closely related to understanding substrate and catalyst reactivities through detailed mechanistic studies. Traditional mechanistic investigations are labor-intensive and rely on experimental kinetic, thermodynamic, and spectroscopic data. Linear free energy relationships (LFERs), exemplified by Hammett relationships, have long facilitated reactivity prediction despite their inherent limitations when using experimental constants or incorporating comprehensive experimental data. Data-driven modeling, which integrates cheminformatics with machine learning, offers powerful tools for predicting and interpreting mechanisms and effectively handling complex reactivities through multiparameter strategies. This review explores selected examples of data-driven strategies for investigating organic reaction mechanisms. It highlights the evolution and application of computational descriptors for mechanistic inference.

合成有机化学的进步与通过详细的机理研究了解底物和催化剂的反应活性密切相关。传统的机理研究耗费大量人力,并且依赖于实验动力学、热力学和光谱数据。以哈米特关系为例的线性自由能关系(LFER)尽管在使用实验常数或结合综合实验数据时存在固有的局限性,但长期以来一直有助于反应性预测。数据驱动建模将化学信息学与机器学习相结合,为预测和解释机理以及通过多参数策略有效处理复杂反应性提供了强大的工具。本综述探讨了用于研究有机反应机理的数据驱动策略的部分实例。它重点介绍了用于机理推断的计算描述符的演变和应用。
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引用次数: 0
Nanomotors as Therapeutic Agents: Advancing Treatment Strategies for Inflammation-Related Diseases. 纳米马达作为治疗剂:推进炎症相关疾病的治疗策略。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400162
Min Luo, Fu-Kun Zhao, Yuan-Min Wang, Yong Luo

Inflammation is a physiological response of the body to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, involving a series of cellular and molecular events. It is associated with various diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and atherosclerosis, and is a leading cause of global mortality. Key inflammatory factors, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), RANTES (CCL5), and prostaglandins, play central roles in inflammation and disease progression. Traditional treatments such as NSAIDs, steroids, biologic agents, and antioxidants have limitations. Recent advancements in nanomaterials present promising solutions for treating inflammation-related diseases. Unlike nanomaterials that rely on passive targeting and face challenges in precise drug delivery, nanomotors, driven by chemical or optical stimuli, offer a more dynamic approach by actively navigating to inflammation sites, thereby enhancing drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic outcomes. Nanomotors allow for controlled drug release in response to specific environmental changes, such as pH and inflammatory factors, ensuring effective drug concentrations at disease sites. This active targeting capability enables the use of smaller drug doses, which reduces overall drug usage, costs, and potential side effects compared to traditional treatments. By improving precision and efficiency, nanomotors address the limitations of conventional therapies and represent a significant advancement in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. This review summarizes the latest research on nanomotor-mediated treatment of inflammation-related diseases and discusses the challenges and future directions for optimizing their clinical translation.

炎症是机体对病原体、受损细胞或刺激物等有害刺激的一种生理反应,涉及一系列细胞和分子事件。炎症与神经退行性疾病、癌症和动脉粥样硬化等多种疾病有关,是导致全球死亡的主要原因。主要的炎症因子,如肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1/CCL2)、RANTES(CCL5)和前列腺素,在炎症和疾病进展中发挥着核心作用。非甾体抗炎药、类固醇、生物制剂和抗氧化剂等传统治疗方法存在局限性。纳米材料的最新进展为治疗炎症相关疾病提供了前景广阔的解决方案。纳米材料依赖于被动靶向,在精确给药方面面临挑战,与之不同的是,由化学或光学刺激驱动的纳米马达提供了一种更动态的方法,它能主动导航到炎症部位,从而提高给药效率和治疗效果。纳米马达可根据特定的环境变化(如 pH 值和炎症因子)控制药物释放,确保药物在疾病部位的有效浓度。与传统治疗方法相比,这种主动靶向能力能够使用较小的药物剂量,从而减少药物的总体用量、成本和潜在副作用。通过提高精确度和效率,纳米马达解决了传统疗法的局限性,是治疗炎症相关疾病的一大进步。本综述总结了纳米电机介导的炎症相关疾病治疗的最新研究,并讨论了优化其临床转化的挑战和未来方向。
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引用次数: 0
Rubizhne Institute - a Birthplace of Photochromic Molecules. 鲁比日内研究所--光致变色分子的诞生地。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400143
Andrey G Lvov, Daria V Berdnikova

We introduce the community to the remarkable fact that two significant discoveries in the field of organic photoswitches are associated to the Rubizhne (Rubezhnoe) branch of the Research Institute of Organic Intermediates and Dyes during the last century. The institute in Rubizhne was a place where researchers of various nationalities carried out studies of organic dyes for printing and textiles. These efforts resulted in the discoveries of photoswitchable hemithioindigos by M. A. Mostoslavskii and peri-aryloxyquinones by Yu. E. Gerasimenko. Herein, based on the available literature, we reconstruct the circumstances surrounding these outstanding findings and highlight the unique role of the Rubizhne institute as a research center. Furthermore, we demonstrate the impact of the results of the Rubizhne researchers on the field of photoswitchable molecules.

我们向社会各界介绍一个令人瞩目的事实,即上世纪有机中间体和染料研究所鲁比日内(Rubezhnoe)分部在有机光电开关领域的两项重大发现。鲁比日内研究所是各国研究人员进行印刷和纺织品有机染料研究的地方。M. A. Mostoslavskii 发现了可光开关的半硫代靛红,Yu.E. Gerasimenko。在此,我们根据现有文献,重构了这些杰出发现的来龙去脉,并强调了鲁比日内研究所作为研究中心的独特作用。此外,我们还展示了鲁比日内研究所研究人员的成果对光开关分子领域的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive Review on the Synthesis of [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5-a]Quinolines. 1,2,3]三唑并[1,5-a]喹啉类化合物合成综述》。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400107
Gabriel P Da Costa, Manoela Sacramento, Angelita M Barcellos, Diego Alves

This report outlines the evolution and recent progress about the different protocols to synthesize the N-heterocycles fused hybrids, specifically [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]quinoline. This review encompasses a broad range of approaches, describing several reactions for obtaining this since, such as dehydrogenative cyclization, oxidative N-N coupling, Dieckmann condensation, intramolecular Heck, (3+2)-cycloaddition, Ullman-type coupling and direct intramolecular arylation reactions. We divided this review in three section based in the starting materials to synthesize the target [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]quinolines. Starting materials containing quinoline or triazole units previously formed, as well as starting materials which both quinoline and triazole units are formed in situ. Different methods of obtaining are described, such as metal-free or catalyzed conditions, azide-free, using conventional heating or alternative energy sources, such as electrochemical and photochemical methods. Mechanistic insights underlying the reported reactions were also described in this comprehensive review.

本报告概述了合成 N-杂环融合混合物(特别是 [1,2,3]三唑并[1,5-a]喹啉)的不同方案的演变和最新进展。本综述涵盖了广泛的方法,介绍了获得这种混合物的几种反应,如脱氢环化、氧化 N-N 偶联、迪克曼缩合、分子内 Heck、(3+2)-环加成、乌尔曼型偶联和直接分子内芳基化反应。我们根据合成目标[1,2,3]三唑并[1,5-a]喹啉的起始材料将本综述分为三部分。起始材料包括以前形成的含有喹啉或三唑单元的材料,以及原位形成喹啉和三唑单元的起始材料。介绍了不同的获得方法,如无金属或催化条件、无叠氮、使用传统加热或替代能源,如电化学和光化学方法。本综述还介绍了所报道反应的机理。
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引用次数: 0
Graphene-Based Catalysts: Emerging Applications and Potential Impact. 石墨烯基催化剂:新兴应用与潜在影响》。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400096
Mir Waqas Alam, Nassiba Allag, Mir Naveed-Ur-Rehman, Shahidul Islam Bhat

Carbon nanofillers in general and graphene in particular are considered as promising potential candidates in catalysis due to their two-dimensional (2D) nature, zero bandwidth, single atom thickness with a promising high surface area: volume ratio. Additionally, graphene oxide via result of tunable electrical properties has also been developed as a catalytic support for metal and metal oxide nanofillers. Moreover, the possession of higher chemical stability followed by ultrahigh thermal conductivity plays a prominent role in promoting higher reinforcement of catalytically active sites. In this review we have started with an overview of carbon nanofillers as catalyst support, their main characteristics and applications for their use in heterogeneous catalysis. The review article also critically focusses on the catalytic properties originating from both functional groups as well as doping. An in-depth literature on the various reaction catalysed by metal oxide based nanoparticles supported on GO/rGO has also been incorporated with a special focus on the overall catalytic efficiency with respect to graphene contribution. The future research prospective in the aforementioned field has also been discussed.

一般来说,碳纳米填料,特别是石墨烯,因其二维(2D)性质、零带宽、单原子厚度、高表面积:体积比等优点,被认为是催化领域前景广阔的潜在候选材料。此外,氧化石墨烯还具有可调的电特性,因此也被开发为金属和金属氧化物纳米填料的催化支持物。此外,氧化石墨烯还具有较高的化学稳定性和超高的导热性,这在促进催化活性位点的强化方面发挥了重要作用。在这篇综述中,我们首先概述了作为催化剂载体的碳纳米填料、其主要特点以及在异相催化中的应用。这篇综述文章还批判性地关注了由官能团和掺杂引起的催化特性。文章还深入分析了以金属氧化物为基础的纳米颗粒在 GO/rGO 上催化的各种反应,并特别关注了与石墨烯贡献有关的整体催化效率。此外,还讨论了上述领域未来的研究前景。
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引用次数: 0
Recent Developments in Copper-Catalyzed Annulations for Synthesis of Spirooxindoles. 铜催化环化合成螺吲哚的最新进展。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400126
Jinzan Feng, Yue Wang, Er-Qing Li, Teck-Peng Loh

Spirooxindoles represent a special scaffold for pharmaceuticals and natural products, and significant advancements have been achieved in their synthesis in recent years. Among these, transition metal catalysis, particularly copper catalysis, has emerged as an efficient and reliable method for the synthesis of spirooxindoles. Based on different reaction types, two distinct substrate types have been summarized and classified by us for constructing spirooxindole scaffolds via intramolecular and intermolecular annulations. This review outlines the latest advancements in copper-catalyzed cyclization reactions for synthesizing spirooxindoles and provides detailed insights into the types of annulation reactions and their possible reaction mechanisms.

螺吲哚是一种特殊的药物和天然产物支架,近年来在其合成方面取得了重大进展。其中,过渡金属催化,尤其是铜催化,已成为合成螺酮吲哚的一种高效可靠的方法。根据不同的反应类型,我们总结并划分了两种不同的底物类型,用于通过分子内和分子间环化构建螺氧化吲哚支架。本综述概述了铜催化环化反应合成螺吲哚的最新进展,并详细介绍了环化反应的类型及其可能的反应机理。
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引用次数: 0
Advancements in Desilylation Reactions for the Synthesis of Valuable Organic Molecules. 脱硅反应在合成有价值有机分子方面的进展。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400120
Chuang Liu, Le Zhang, Qingqing You, Huangdi Feng, Junhai Huang

Silicon, due to its abundance, non-toxicity, and cost-effectiveness, is a critical element in the earth's crust with significant industrial applications. In organic chemistry, main group elements, and in particular silicon, are extensively utilized as versatile synthetic intermediates. Despite the current challenges associated with harsh reaction conditions and unsustainable practices in synthesizing crucial organic structural molecules, desilylation reactions have emerged as a facilitative method, offering milder conditions and operational simplicity. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in the synthesis of valuable organic molecules through two distinct desilylation reactions. It systematically presents the synthesis of a variety of derivatives, such as furan, alcohol, N-heterocyclic, and ketone, highlighting the broad substrate tolerance of these reactions. This broad functional group compatibility suggests a promising future for the synthesis of a wide range of bioactive molecules, underscoring the significant potential of desilylation in contemporary organic synthesis.

硅因其丰富、无毒和成本效益高,是地壳中的一种重要元素,在工业中有着重要的应用。在有机化学中,主族元素,特别是硅,被广泛用作多功能合成中间体。尽管目前在合成关键有机结构分子时面临着反应条件苛刻和不可持续的挑战,但脱硅烷反应已成为一种便利的方法,它提供了更温和的条件和更简单的操作。本综述全面分析了通过两种不同的脱硅烷反应合成有价值有机分子的最新进展。它系统地介绍了呋喃、醇、N-杂环和酮等多种衍生物的合成,突出了这些反应对底物的广泛耐受性。这种广泛的官能团兼容性为合成各种生物活性分子提供了广阔的前景,凸显了脱硅反应在当代有机合成中的巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Recent Progress on NHC-Catalyzed 1,6-Conjugate Addition Reactions. NHC催化1,6-共轭物加成反应的最新进展。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400125
Jun Sun, Shichun Jiang, Yonggui Liu, Ling Pan, Ying-Guo Liu, Bing Zeng

As a significant variant of the Michael reaction, the 1,6-addition reaction has undergone considerable development over the past decade. This effective strategy enables the synthesis of a variety of novel and potentially bioactive functional molecules. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in NHC-catalyzed 1,6-addition reactions, highlighting their efficiency in the rapid synthesis of complex functional molecules. We also provide our perspectives on the future development of this dynamic and highly active research area.

作为迈克尔反应的一个重要变体,1,6-加成反应在过去十年中得到了长足的发展。这种有效的策略可以合成各种新型的、具有潜在生物活性的功能分子。在这篇综述中,我们总结了 NHC 催化的 1,6-加成反应的最新进展,强调了它们在快速合成复杂功能分子方面的效率。我们还对这一充满活力和高度活跃的研究领域的未来发展进行了展望。
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引用次数: 0
Transition Metal-Catalyzed C-H Activation/Functionalization of 8-Methylquinolines. 过渡金属催化的 8-甲基喹啉的 C-H 活化/官能化。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400116
Fatemeh Doraghi, Mohammad Mahdi Aghanour Ashtiani, Mahmoud Ameli, Bagher Larijani, Mohammad Mahdavi

8-Methylquinoline is regarded as an ideal substrate to participate in diversely C(sp3)-H functionalization reactions. The presence of the chelating nitrogen atom enables 8-methylquinoline to easily form cyclometallated complexes with various transition metals, leading to the selective synthesis of functionalized quinolines. Considering the great importance of quinoline cores in medicinal chemistry, in this review article, we have covered the publications related to the C-H activation and functionalization of 8-methylquinoline under transition metal catalysis during the last decade.

8 甲基喹啉被认为是参与多种 C(sp3)-H 官能化反应的理想底物。螯合氮原子的存在使 8-甲基喹啉很容易与各种过渡金属形成环金属络合物,从而导致功能化喹啉的选择性合成。考虑到喹啉核在药物化学中的重要性,我们在这篇综述文章中介绍了近十年来在过渡金属催化下与 8-甲基喹啉的 C-H 活化和官能化有关的文献。
{"title":"Transition Metal-Catalyzed C-H Activation/Functionalization of 8-Methylquinolines.","authors":"Fatemeh Doraghi, Mohammad Mahdi Aghanour Ashtiani, Mahmoud Ameli, Bagher Larijani, Mohammad Mahdavi","doi":"10.1002/tcr.202400116","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tcr.202400116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>8-Methylquinoline is regarded as an ideal substrate to participate in diversely C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H functionalization reactions. The presence of the chelating nitrogen atom enables 8-methylquinoline to easily form cyclometallated complexes with various transition metals, leading to the selective synthesis of functionalized quinolines. Considering the great importance of quinoline cores in medicinal chemistry, in this review article, we have covered the publications related to the C-H activation and functionalization of 8-methylquinoline under transition metal catalysis during the last decade.</p>","PeriodicalId":10046,"journal":{"name":"Chemical record","volume":" ","pages":"e202400116"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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