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Two-Dimensional MXene-Based Electrocatalysts: Challenges and Opportunities 基于二维 MXene 的电催化剂:挑战与机遇。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400047
Muhammad Kaleem Shabbir, Fozia Arif, Haleema Asghar, Sanam Irum Memon, Urooj Khanum, Javeed Akhtar, Akbar Ali, Zeeshan Ramzan, Aliya Aziz, Ayaz Ali Memon, Prof. Khalid Hussain Thebo

MXene, regarded as cutting-edge two-dimensional (2D) materials, have been widely explored in various applications due to their remarkable flexibility, high specific surface area, good mechanical strength, and interesting electrical conductivity. Recently, 2D MXene has served as a ideal platform for the design and development of electrocatalysts with high activity, selectivity, and stability. This review article provides a detailed description of the structural engineering of MXene-based electrocatalysts and summarizes the uses of 2D MXene in hydrogen evolution reactions, nitrogen reduction reactions, oxygen evolution reactions, oxygen reduction reactions, and methanol/ethanol oxidation. Then, key issues and prospects for 2D MXene as a next-generation platform in fundamental research and real-world electrocatalysis applications are discussed. Emphasis will be given to material design and enhancement techniques. Finally, future research directions are suggested to improve the efficiency of MXene-based electrocatalysts.

二维二氧烯(MXene)被认为是最前沿的二维(2D)材料,因其卓越的柔韧性、高比表面积、良好的机械强度和有趣的导电性,已被广泛应用于各种领域。最近,二维 MXene 已成为设计和开发高活性、高选择性和高稳定性电催化剂的理想平台。这篇综述文章详细介绍了基于二维 MXene 的电催化剂的结构工程,并总结了二维 MXene 在氢进化反应、氮还原反应、氧进化反应、氧还原反应和甲醇/乙醇氧化中的应用。然后,讨论了二维 MXene 作为下一代平台在基础研究和实际电催化应用中的关键问题和前景。重点将放在材料设计和增强技术上。最后,提出了提高基于 MXene 的电催化剂效率的未来研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Cover Picture: Modification Strategies of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanomaterials for Photocatalysis (Chem. Rec. 7/2024) 封面图片:用于光催化的六方氮化硼纳米材料的改性策略(Chem.)
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202480701
Dongao Liu, Yuqing Wang, Quanxin Gong, Yupeng Xia, Lei Li, Yuhua Xue, Junhe Yang, Shengjuan Li

Despite initial skepticism, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has become a promising photocatalyst due to its unique two-dimensional structure, remarkable stability, and potential for adjustability through various modification strategies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the inherent characteristics of h-BN-based nanomaterials, recent advancements in their environmental and energy applications, practical modification techniques, and the challenges and prospects in photocatalysis. More details can be found in article number e202300334 by Shengjuan Li and co-workers. (DOl: 10.1002/tcr.202300334.

尽管最初人们对六方氮化硼(h-BN)持怀疑态度,但由于其独特的二维结构、出色的稳定性以及通过各种改性策略进行调整的潜力,它已成为一种前景广阔的光催化剂。本综述全面分析了基于 h-BN 的纳米材料的固有特性、其在环境和能源应用方面的最新进展、实用改性技术以及光催化领域的挑战和前景。更多详情可参见李胜娟及其合作者发表的文章(文章编号:e202300334)。(DOl: 10.1002/tcr.202300334.
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引用次数: 0
Challenges in Peptide Solubilization – Amyloids Case Study 多肽增溶面临的挑战--Amyloids 案例研究。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400053
Oliwia Polańska, Dr. Natalia Szulc, Rafał Stottko, Mateusz Olek, Julita Nadwodna, Dr. Marlena Gąsior-Głogowska, Dr. Monika Szefczyk

Peptide science has been a rapidly growing research field because of the enormous potential application of these biocompatible and bioactive molecules. However, many factors limit the widespread use of peptides in medicine, and low solubility is among the most common problems that hamper drug development in the early stages of research. Solubility is a crucial, albeit poorly understood, feature that determines peptide behavior. Several different solubility predictors have been proposed, and many strategies and protocols have been reported to dissolve peptides, but none of them is a one-size-fits-all method for solubilization of even the same peptide. In this review, we look for the reasons behind the difficulties in dissolving peptides, analyze the factors influencing peptide aggregation, conduct a critical analysis of solubilization strategies and protocols available in the literature, and give some tips on how to deal with the so-called difficult sequences. We focus on amyloids, which are particularly difficult to dissolve and handle such as amyloid beta (Aβ), insulin, and phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs).

肽科学是一个快速发展的研究领域,因为这些生物相容性和生物活性分子具有巨大的应用潜力。然而,许多因素限制了多肽在医学中的广泛应用,而低溶解度是阻碍药物开发早期研究的最常见问题之一。溶解度是决定多肽行为的一个关键特征,尽管人们对这一特征了解甚少。人们提出了几种不同的溶解度预测方法,也报道了许多溶解多肽的策略和方案,但即使是同一种多肽,也没有一种方法是万能的。在这篇综述中,我们将探究多肽溶解困难背后的原因,分析影响多肽聚集的因素,对现有文献中的溶解策略和方案进行批判性分析,并就如何处理所谓的困难序列给出一些建议。我们的重点是淀粉样蛋白,它们尤其难以溶解和处理,如淀粉样β(Aβ)、胰岛素和酚溶性调制蛋白(PSM)。
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引用次数: 0
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Transformations of Chalcones 过渡金属催化的查耳酮转化。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400060
Clementina M. M. Santos, Artur M. S. Silva

Chalcones are a class of naturally occurring flavonoid compounds associated to a variety of biological and pharmacological properties. Several reviews have been published describing the synthesis and biological properties of a vast array of analogues. However, overviews on the reactivity of chalcones has only been explored in a few accounts. To fill this gap, a systematic survey on the most recent developments in the transition metal-catalyzed transformation of chalcones was performed. The chemistry of copper, palladium, zinc, iron, manganese, nickel, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, silver, indium, gold, titanium, platinum, among others, as versatile catalysts will be highlighted, covering the literature from year 2000 to 2023, in more than 380 publications.

查耳酮是一类天然黄酮类化合物,具有多种生物和药理特性。已有多篇综述介绍了大量类似物的合成和生物特性。然而,关于查耳酮反应性的综述只有少数几篇。为了填补这一空白,我们对过渡金属催化查耳酮转化的最新进展进行了系统调查。重点介绍了铜、钯、锌、铁、锰、镍、钌、钴、铑、铱、银、铟、金、钛、铂等作为多功能催化剂的化学性质,涵盖了从 2000 年到 2023 年的 380 多篇文献。
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引用次数: 0
Application of 2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]Hept-5-En-3-One (Vince Lactam) in Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry 2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]Hept-5-En-3-One (Vince Lactam) 在有机合成和药物化学中的应用。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400070
Dr. Melinda Nonn, Prof. Santos Fustero, Prof. Loránd Kiss

2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one (Vince lactam) is known to be a valuable building block in synthetic organic chemistry and drug research. It is an important precursor to access of some blockbuster antiviral drugs such as Carbovir or Abacavir as well as other carbocyclic neuraminidase inhibitors as antiviral agents. The ring C=C bond of the Vince lactam allows versatile chemical manipulations to create not only functionalized γ-lactams, but also γ-amino acid derivatives with a cyclopentane framework. The aim of the current account is to summarize the chemistry of Vince lactam, its synthetic utility and application in organic and medicinal chemistry over the last decade.

众所周知,2-氮杂双环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-3-酮(文氏内酰胺)是合成有机化学和药物研究中的重要构件。它是获得某些抗病毒大片药物(如 Carbovir 或 Abacavir)以及其他碳环神经氨酸酶抑制剂作为抗病毒药物的重要前体。文氏内酰胺的环 C=C 键允许进行多种化学操作,不仅可以制造功能化的 γ-内酰胺,还可以制造具有环戊烷框架的 γ-氨基酸衍生物。本报告旨在总结文思内酰胺的化学性质、其合成用途以及近十年来在有机化学和药物化学中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Chemistry of Cyclo[18]Carbon (C18): A Review 环[18]碳(C18)的化学:综述。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400055
Pooja, Sarita Yadav, Ravinder Pawar

Carbon-based allotropes are propelling a technological revolution in communication, sensing, and computing, concurrently challenging fundamental theories of the previous century. Nevertheless, the demand for advanced carbon-based materials remains substantial. The crux lies in the efficient and reliable engineering of novel carbon allotrope. Although C18 has undergone theoretical and experimental investigation for an extended period, its preparation and direct observation in the condensed phase occurred only recently through STM/AFM techniques. The distinctive cyclic ring structure and the dual 18-center π delocalization character introduce various uncommon properties to C18, rendering it a subject worthy of in-depth exploration. In this context, this review delves into past developments contributing to the state-of-the-art understanding of C18 and provides insights into how future endeavours can expedite practical applications. Encompassing a broad spectrum, this review comprehensively investigates almost all facets of C18, including geometric characteristics, electron delocalization, bonding nature, aromaticity, reactivity, electronic excitation, UV/Vis spectrum, intermolecular interaction, response to external fields, electron affinity, ionization, and other molecular properties. Moreover, the review also outlines representative strategies for the direct synthesis and characterization of C18 using atom manipulation techniques. Following this, C18-based complexes are summarized, and potential applications in catalysis, electrochemical devices, optoelectronics, and sensing are discussed.

碳基同素异形体正在推动通信、传感和计算领域的技术革命,同时也对上个世纪的基础理论提出了挑战。然而,对先进碳基材料的需求仍然巨大。问题的关键在于如何高效、可靠地设计新型碳同素异形体。虽然 C18 的理论和实验研究已经进行了很长时间,但直到最近才通过 STM/AFM 技术制备并直接观察到其凝聚相。C18 独特的环状结构和双 18 中心 π 脱焦特性为其带来了各种不同寻常的性质,使其成为一个值得深入探讨的课题。在此背景下,本综述深入探讨了过去对 C18 的最新理解,并对未来如何加快实际应用提出了见解。本综述涵盖范围广泛,全面研究了 C18 的几乎所有方面,包括几何特性、电子析出、键合性质、芳香性、反应性、电子激发、紫外/可见光谱、分子间相互作用、对外部场的响应、电子亲和性、电离和其他分子特性。此外,综述还概述了利用原子操作技术直接合成和表征 C18 的代表性策略。随后,综述了基于 C18 的复合物,并讨论了其在催化、电化学器件、光电子学和传感方面的潜在应用。
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引用次数: 0
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Dual C−H Activation/Annulation Reactions Involving Internal Alkynes 过渡金属催化的涉及内部炔烃的双 C-H 活化/嵌合反应。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400069
Fatemeh Doraghi, Mohammad Sadegh Karimtabar, Mehran Ghasemi, Bagher Larijani, Mohammad Mahdavi

Recently, transition metal-catalyzed ortho-C−H bond activation/annulations involving two internal alkyne molecules have been extensively used to synthesize highly substituted polycyclic aromatic scaffolds. Such reactions have emerged as a powerful atom and step-economical strategy for the assembly of multifunctional bioactive molecules. In this context, we focused on the recent achievements of dual C−H bond activation/annulations, as well as functionalization reactions involving diaryl/alkyl alkynes.

最近,过渡金属催化的涉及两个内部炔烃分子的正交-C-H 键活化/嵌合反应已被广泛用于合成高取代的多环芳烃支架。此类反应已成为组装多功能生物活性分子的强大原子和步骤经济策略。在此背景下,我们重点研究了双 C-H 键活化/annulations 以及涉及二芳基/烷基炔的功能化反应的最新成果。
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引用次数: 0
Modification Strategies of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanomaterials for Photocatalysis 用于光催化的六方氮化硼纳米材料的改性策略。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300334
Dongao Liu, Yuqing Wang, Quanxin Gong, Yupeng Xia, Lei Li, Yuhua Xue, Junhe Yang, Shengjuan Li

Although hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) was initially considered a less promising photocatalyst due to its large band gap and apparent chemical inertness, its unique two-dimensional lamellar structure coupled with high stability and environmental friendliness, as the second largest van der Waals material after graphene, provides a unique platform for photocatalytic innovation. This review not only highlights the intrinsic qualities of h-BN with photocatalytic potentials, such as high stability, environmental compatibility, and tunable bandgap through various modification strategies but also provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in h-BN-based nanomaterials for environmental and energy applications, as well as an in-depth description of the modification methods and fundamental properties for these applications. In addition, we discuss the challenges and prospects of h-BN-based nanomaterials for future photocatalysis.

尽管六方氮化硼(h-BN)最初因其较大的带隙和明显的化学惰性而被认为是一种不太有前途的光催化剂,但作为仅次于石墨烯的第二大范德华材料,其独特的二维片状结构加上高稳定性和环境友好性,为光催化创新提供了一个独特的平台。这篇综述不仅强调了具有光催化潜力的 h-BN 的内在品质,如高稳定性、环境相容性和通过各种改性策略实现的可调带隙,还全面概述了用于环境和能源应用的基于 h-BN 的纳米材料的最新进展,并深入介绍了这些应用的改性方法和基本特性。此外,我们还讨论了 h-BN 基纳米材料在未来光催化领域面临的挑战和前景。
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引用次数: 0
Ferrocenyl Azoles: Versatile N-Containing Heterocycles and their Anticancer Activities 二茂铁唑:多用途含 N 杂环及其抗癌活性。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300347
Dr. Bhavya Deepthi Sadanala, Dr. Rajiv Trivedi

The medicinal chemistry of ferrocene has gained its momentum after the discovery of biological activities of ferrocifen and ferroquine. These ferrocenyl drugs have been designed by replacing the aromatic moiety of the organic drugs, tamoxifen and chloroquine respectively, with a ferrocenyl unit. The promising biological activities of these ferrocenyl drugs have paved a path to explore the medicinal applications of several ferrocenyl conjugates. In these conjugates, the ferrocenyl moiety has played a vital role in enhancing or imparting the anticancer activity to the molecule. The ferrocenyl conjugates induce the cytotoxicity by generating reactive oxygen species and thereby damaging the DNA. In medicinal chemistry, the five membered nitrogen heterocycles (azoles) play a significant role due to their rigid ring structure and hydrogen bonding ability with the biomolecules. Several potent drug candidates with azole groups have been in use as chemotherapeutics. Considering the importance of ferrocenyl moiety and azole groups, several ferrocenyl azole conjugates have been synthesized and screened for their biological activities. Hence, in the view of a wide scope in the development of potent drugs based on ferrocenyl azole conjugates, herein we present the details of synthesis and the anticancer activities of ferrocenyl compounds bearing azole groups such as imidazole, triazoles, thiazole and isoxazoles.

二茂铁的药物化学在发现二茂铁昔芬和二茂铁喹的生物活性后获得了发展势头。这些二茂铁药物是通过用二茂铁单元分别取代有机药物他莫昔芬和氯喹的芳香分子而设计出来的。这些二茂铁药物具有良好的生物活性,为探索几种二茂铁共轭物的药物应用铺平了道路。在这些共轭物中,二茂铁在增强或赋予分子抗癌活性方面发挥了重要作用。二茂铁共轭物通过产生活性氧从而破坏 DNA 来诱导细胞毒性。在药物化学中,五元氮杂环(唑类)因其刚性环结构和与生物大分子的氢键能力而发挥着重要作用。一些含有唑基的强效候选药物已被用作化疗药物。考虑到二茂铁基团和唑基团的重要性,人们合成了几种二茂铁基唑共轭物,并对其生物活性进行了筛选。因此,鉴于二茂铁基唑共轭物在开发强效药物方面的广阔前景,我们在此详细介绍了含唑基(如咪唑、三唑、噻唑和异噁唑)的二茂铁化合物的合成和抗癌活性。
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引用次数: 0
Recent Progress in Synthetic and Biological Application of Diorganyl Diselenides 二苯甲酰基二硒化物的合成和生物应用的最新进展。
IF 7 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400044
Roberto do Carmo Pinheiro, Luiza Souza Marques, Juliano Ten Kathen Jung, Cristina Wayne Nogueira, Gilson Zeni

Diorganyl diselenides have emerged as privileged structures because they are easy to prepare, have distinct reactivity, and have broad biological activity. They have also been used in the synthesis of natural products as an electrophile in the organoselenylation of aromatic systems and peptides, reductions of alkenes, and nucleophilic substitution. This review summarizes the advancements in methods for the transformations promoted by diorganyl diselenides in the main functions of organic chemistry. Parallel, it will also describe the main findings on pharmacology and toxicology of diorganyl diselenides, emphasizing anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, chemotherapeutic, and antimicrobial activities. Therefore, an examination detailing the reactivity and biological characteristics of diorganyl diselenides provides valuable insights for academic researchers and industrial professionals.

二苯甲酰基二硒化物因其易于制备、具有独特的反应活性和广泛的生物活性而成为一种特殊结构。在芳香系统和肽的有机硒化、烯烃还原和亲核取代中,它们作为亲电子体也被用于天然产物的合成。本综述总结了二芳基二硒化物在有机化学主要功能中促进转化方法的进展。同时,本综述还将介绍二芳基二硒化物在药理学和毒理学方面的主要发现,重点是抗炎、降血糖、化疗和抗菌活性。因此,对二苯乙烯基二硒化物的反应性和生物特性的详细研究为学术研究人员和工业专业人员提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
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