Chemical record最新文献

This review provides a comprehensive examination of the applications of the seminal coupling principle introduced by Siegfried Dähne and Dieter Leupold in 1966. Their heuristic and groundbreaking work proposed that combining multiple polymethine subunits within a single chromophore enables orbital coupling, consequently narrowing the HOMO–LUMO gap, and yielding redshifted optical properties. These outcomes are particularly valuable for developing organic dyes tailored for visible-to-near-infrared applications. Despite their potential, coupled polymethines remain relatively underexplored, with most reported instances being serendipitous discoveries over the last six decades. In light of this, our review compiles and discusses the reported coupled polymethine structures, covering synthetic, spectroscopic, theoretical and applicative aspects, offering insights into the structure-property relationships of this unique class of dyes and perspectives for their future applications.

The ongoing global shift towards sustainability in electrical engineering necessitates novel materials that offer both ecological and technical benefits. Biomass-derived carbon materials (BCMs) are emerging as cornerstones in this transition due to their sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and versatile properties. This review explores the expansive role of BCMs across various electrical engineering applications, emphasizing their transformative impact and potential in fostering a sustainable technological ecosystem. The fundamentals of BCMs are investigated, including their unique structures, diverse synthesis procedures, and significant electrical and electrochemical properties. A detailed examination of recent innovations in BCM applications for energy storage, such as batteries and supercapacitors, and their pivotal role in developing advanced electronic components like sensors, detectors, and electromagnetic interference shielding composites has been covered. BCMs offer superior electrical conductivities, tunable surface chemistries, and mechanical properties compared to traditional carbon sources. These can be further enhanced through innovative doping and functionalization techniques. Moreover, this review identifies challenges related to scalability and uniformity in properties and proposes future research directions to overcome these hurdles. By integrating insights from recent studies with a forward-looking perspective, this paper sets the stage for the next generation of electrical engineering solutions powered by biomass-derived materials, aligning technological advancement with environmental stewardship.

Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas and a safe, abundant, easily accessible, and renewable C1 resource that can be chemically converted into high value-added chemicals, fuels and materials. The preparation of urea, organic carbonates, salicylic acid, etc. from CO₂ through non-reduction conversion has been used in industrial production, while CO₂ reduction transformation has become a research hotspot in recent years due to its involvement in energy storage and product diversification. Designing suitable catalysts to achieve efficient and selective conversion of CO₂ is crucial due to its thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness. From this perspective, the redistribution of charges within CO₂ molecules through the interaction of Lewis acid/base or metal complexes with CO₂, or the forced transfer of electrons to CO₂ through photo- or electrocatalysis, is a commonly used effective way to activate CO₂. Based on understanding of the activation/reaction mechanism on a molecular level, we have developed metal complexes, metal salts, inorganic/organic salts, ionic liquids, as well as nitrogen rich and porous materials as efficient catalysts for CO₂ reductive conversions. The goal of this personal account is to summarize the catalytic processes of CO₂ reductive conversion that have been developed in the past 7 years: 1) For the reductive functionalization of CO₂, the major challenge lies in accurately adjusting reaction parameters (such as pressure) to achieve high catalytic efficiency and the product selectivity; 2) For photocatalytic or electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂, how to suppress competitive hydrogen evolution reactions and improve catalyst stability are key points that requires continuous attention.

Global efforts toward establishing a circular carbon economy have guided research interests towards exploring renewable technologies that can replace environmentally harmful fossil fuel-based production routes. In this context, sugar-based bio-derived substrates have been identified as renewable molecules for future implementation in chemical industries. Tartaric acid, a special C₄ bio-compound with two hydroxyl and carboxylic groups in the structure, displays great potential for the food, polymer, and pharmaceutical industries due to its unique biological reactivity and performance-enhancing properties. To this point, there has yet to be a comprehensive literature review and perspective on the applications and synthesis of tartaric acid. As such, we have conducted a detailed and thorough outlook and discussion in terms of biological activity, organic synthesis, catalysis, structural characterization and synthetic routes. Lastly, we provide a critical discussion on the applications and synthesis of tartaric acid to give our insights into developing sustainable chemical technologies for the future.

The catalytic cracking of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) has attracted significant attention due to its importance in producing valuable feedstocks for the petrochemical industry. This review provides an overview of recent developments in zeolite-based catalyst technology for converting LPG into light olefins. Catalytic cracking utilizes zeolite-based catalysts usually associated with stability challenges, such as coking and sintering. The discussion focused on the underlying mechanisms that govern the catalytic cracking process and provided insights into the complex reaction pathways involved. A comprehensive analysis of various strategies employed for improving the effectiveness of zeolite catalysts has been discussed in this review. These strategies encompass using transition metals to modify catalyst properties, treatments involving phosphorous modification, alkaline earth metals, and alkali metals to alter the acidity level of the zeolites. The elucidation of the impact of silica-to-alumina ratios in zeolites and the development of hierarchical zeolite-based catalysts through top-down and bottom-up methodologies are also discussed.

³¹P NMR spectroscopy is a consolidated tool for the characterization of organophosphorus compounds and, more recently, for reaction monitoring. The evolution of organic synthesis, mainly due to the combination of elaborated building blocks with enabling technologies, generated great challenges to understand and to optimize the synthetic methodologies. In this sense, ³¹P NMR experiments also became a routine technique for reaction monitoring, accessing products and side products yields, chiral recognition, kinetic data, intermediates, as well as basic organic parameters, such as acid-base and hydrogen-bonding. This review deals with these aspects demonstrating the essential role of the ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The recent publications (the last ten years) will be explored, discussing the experiments of ³¹P NMR and the strategies accomplished to detect and/or quantify distinct organophosphorus molecules, approaching reaction mechanism, stability, stereochemistry, and the utility as a probe.

Inflammation is a physiological response of the body to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, involving a series of cellular and molecular events. It is associated with various diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and atherosclerosis, and is a leading cause of global mortality. Key inflammatory factors, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), RANTES (CCL5), and prostaglandins, play central roles in inflammation and disease progression. Traditional treatments such as NSAIDs, steroids, biologic agents, and antioxidants have limitations. Recent advancements in nanomaterials present promising solutions for treating inflammation-related diseases. Unlike nanomaterials that rely on passive targeting and face challenges in precise drug delivery, nanomotors, driven by chemical or optical stimuli, offer a more dynamic approach by actively navigating to inflammation sites, thereby enhancing drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic outcomes. Nanomotors allow for controlled drug release in response to specific environmental changes, such as pH and inflammatory factors, ensuring effective drug concentrations at disease sites. This active targeting capability enables the use of smaller drug doses, which reduces overall drug usage, costs, and potential side effects compared to traditional treatments. By improving precision and efficiency, nanomotors address the limitations of conventional therapies and represent a significant advancement in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. This review summarizes the latest research on nanomotor-mediated treatment of inflammation-related diseases and discusses the challenges and future directions for optimizing their clinical translation.

Advancements in synthetic organic chemistry are closely related to understanding substrate and catalyst reactivities through detailed mechanistic studies. Traditional mechanistic investigations are labor-intensive and rely on experimental kinetic, thermodynamic, and spectroscopic data. Linear free energy relationships (LFERs), exemplified by Hammett relationships, have long facilitated reactivity prediction despite their inherent limitations when using experimental constants or incorporating comprehensive experimental data. Data-driven modeling, which integrates cheminformatics with machine learning, offers powerful tools for predicting and interpreting mechanisms and effectively handling complex reactivities through multiparameter strategies. This review explores selected examples of data-driven strategies for investigating organic reaction mechanisms. It highlights the evolution and application of computational descriptors for mechanistic inference.

We introduce the community to the remarkable fact that two significant discoveries in the field of organic photoswitches are associated to the Rubizhne (Rubezhnoe) branch of the Research Institute of Organic Intermediates and Dyes during the last century. The institute in Rubizhne was a place where researchers of various nationalities carried out studies of organic dyes for printing and textiles. These efforts resulted in the discoveries of photoswitchable hemithioindigos by M. A. Mostoslavskii and peri-aryloxyquinones by Yu. E. Gerasimenko. Herein, based on the available literature, we reconstruct the circumstances surrounding these outstanding findings and highlight the unique role of the Rubizhne institute as a research center. Furthermore, we demonstrate the impact of the results of the Rubizhne researchers on the field of photoswitchable molecules.

The demand for renewable energy sources has become more urgent due to climate change and environmental pollution. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a crucial role in green energy sources. This article primarily explores the potential of using non-noble metals, such as transition and rare earth metals, to enhance the efficiency of the OER process. Due to their cost-effectiveness and unique electronic structure, these non-noble metals could be a game-changer in the field. ′Doping,′ which is the process of adding a small amount of impurity to a material to alter its properties, and ′synergistic effects,′ which refer to the combined effect of two or more elements that is greater than the sum of their individual effects, are two key concepts in this field. Transition and rare earth metals can reduce the overpotential, a measure of the excess potential required to drive a reaction, thus enhancing the OER process by engineering the electronic and surface molecular structure. This article summarizes the roles of various non-noble metals in the OER process and highlights opportunities for researchers to propose innovative ways to optimize the OER process.