Chemical record最新文献

Carbon-based single-atom nanozymes (CB-SANzymes) have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their unique ability to mimic the active sites of natural enzymes. They exhibit not only maximized atom utilization efficiency but also strong metal-substrate interactions that effectively modulate the electronic structure of metal centers. Furthermore, carbon substrates facilitate rapid electron transfer during biosensing processes and enhance the stability of single-atom sites. These advantages make CB-SANzymes highly promising for biosensing applications. This review examines the fundamental properties of CB-SANzymes and discusses strategies for their modifications. Key strategies include increasing single-atom density, tuning the coordination environment, leveraging multimetal synergy, and engineering carbon substrates via heteroatom doping and defect construction. We also summarize the recent advances of CB-SANzymes in diverse biosensing platforms, such as colorimetric, fluorescent, and electrochemical systems. Their contribution to enhancing the sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy of these systems is emphasized. Finally, current challenges and future prospects in the development and application of CB-SANzymes are discussed, with the aim of providing insightful guidance for further advancements in this rapidly evolving field.

Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is a process where photoexcited molecules dissipate energy by transferring protons and undergoing tautomerization. With a brief introduction of a new emerging sensing mechanism, viz., CN isomerization, AIE, etc., this study explores the various aspects of ESIPT based on the current studies. Since Weller discovered ESIPT in salicylic acid and methyl salicylate, extensive research has developed on this topic, attributing to its wide applications. Here, it explores the structural and mechanical aspects of ESIPT and tautomerization.

Triazole, also known as Pyrrolidazole, is a fundamental framework in heterocyclic chemistry. This is a five-membered aromatic compound consisting of three nitrogen atoms and two carbon atoms, which exist in two isomeric forms:1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole. Both isomers exhibit a diverse range of applications across various domains, including materials science, medicinal chemistry, and catalysis. Despite their well-established advantages, triazole moieties are utilized as significant components in OLEDs, data storage devices, and organic photovoltaics. This review particularly emphasizes the recent advancements from 2020 to 2025, focusing on the asymmetric synthesis of triazole scaffolds and highlighting key methodologies ranging from copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition to biocatalytic strategies. Several studies have been reported about the development of innovative chiral ligands in conjunction with transition metals, including Ni, Rh, and Ir, leading to noble, efficient, and selective catalytic systems. Moreover, the present review article specifically explores the broad substrate scopes, reaction scalability, and detailed mechanistic insights that underscore the synthetic utility and versatility of these protocols. In addition, biocatalytic and chemoenzymatic approaches demonstrate the feasibility of sustainable and stereoselective synthesis of triazole-based antifungal agents. Overall, this mini-review not only guides the young researcher to develop new methodologies by carefully weighing their pros and cons but also equally assists the industrial scientist in designing bioactive heterocyclic compounds.

The present review outlines the latest advances in bio-organometallic ferrocene chemistry carried out on the brain. The brain has emerged as a key target and model for iron-loading by bioactive ferrocene-based compounds. This review focuses on the in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro experimental data using ferrocene compounds in the brain, and discusses recent findings regarding their mechanisms of action. It also provides an overview of the biomedical aspects of studying ferrocene derivatives. The objective of this mini-review is to show the potential of ferrocene-modified compounds for studying brain challenges.

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most extensively studied small inorganic molecules involved in biological signaling processes related to both health and disease. Many biological transformations that depend on NO rely on bioinorganic chemistry, where both redox-active and nonredox-active inorganic centers and processes play crucial roles. This review covers several key topics, including the role of heme centers in NO biosynthesis and metabolism, the function of non-heme iron in NO bioactivity, and the interplay between calcium-dependent proteins and NO signaling pathways. It also discusses the involvement of free and bound copper ions, zinc ions, and zinc proteins in NO biosynthesis and its signaling pathways is discussed. The review also examines the role of molybdenum proteins in maintaining NO homeostasis and explores the biological activities associated with the interactions between NO and other reactive nitrogen species (RNS) with bioactive molecules containing cobalt. Furthermore, the regulation of NO signaling by selenoproteins is addressed. Additionally, we focus on NO signaling through S-nitrosation and nitration, highlighting the impact of both bound and free metal ions on the formation and fate of S-nitrosothiols.

Alkyne is one of the simplest yet important functional group in organic synthesis. The richness of this entity renders it as an extremely versatile synthon for developing a diverse array of modern strategies for assembly of different heterocycles. This account describes the research efforts of more than a decade on the usage of alkynes as nucleophiles, electrophiles, and radical precursors for the synthesis of diverse set of heterocycles and the utilization in the total synthesis of structurally simple to complex bioactive natural products.

Electrocatalysis plays a pivotal role in sustainable energy conversion and storage, yet the development of high-performance, stable, and cost-effective catalysts remains a significant challenge. Nanoring-structured electrocatalysts have emerged as superior alternatives to conventional nanoparticles, offering unique geometric and electronic advantages including maximized atomic utilization, strain-modulated active sites, enhanced mass/electron transfer, and exceptional stability. This article systematically examines their structure-performance relationships through theoretical and in situ experimental insights, showcasing representative applications in key electrocatalytic reactions, such as the oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, alcohol oxidation reaction, CO₂ reduction reaction, and nitrate reduction reaction, where nanoring catalysts consistently outperform their nanoparticle counterparts. Finally, we further identify critical challenges in precise synthesis, stability mechanisms, and advanced characterization, providing guidance for designing more effective electrocatalysts toward sustainable energy applications.

Rechargeable nickel-zinc (Ni–Zn) batteries are emerging as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems due to their low cost, high safety, environmental friendliness, and the natural abundance of nickel and zinc. Despite these advantages, the widespread adoption of Ni–Zn batteries is hindered by several challenges associated with all key components, including the cathode, anode, separator, and electrolyte. This review offers a thorough overview of the latest developments in each of these components, with a particular emphasis on material design, structural modifications, and electrochemical behavior. The underlying charge storage mechanisms are analyzed alongside insights from theoretical studies and industrial developments. Key performance limitations and degradation mechanisms are also discussed. Finally, critical challenges and prospective strategies for the future development of Ni–Zn battery technology are outlined, offering guidance for further research and practical implementation.

This personal account offers a detailed and creative comparison of methods for synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using pamoic acid (PA) and, crucially, states what this route delivers in practice. Specifically, we show that the PA-capped approach enables (i) one-pot, room-temperature synthesis with intrinsic carboxylate functionalization and no thiolated linkers; (ii) decade-scale colloidal stability; (iii) reproducible size control from ~10 to 15 nm spheres to ~75 nm via pH/seed tuning, with extension to anisotropic shapes by secondary growth; and (iv) excellent biocompatibility supported by in vitro and in vivo assays. We benchmark application performance: PA-AuNPs deliver high catalytic/electrocatalytic activity (e.g., 4-nitrophenol reduction turnover frequencies on the order of 10³ h⁻¹), sensitive electroanalysis (ketoconazole detection down to low-μM), and fluorescence sensing that exploits PA's chromophore (levofloxacin limits of detection in the tens of nM). We further provide a focused techno-economic and scalability assessment showing that 100 mL of a 6 × 10¹² particles mL⁻¹ dispersion can be produced at bench scale for ~$2.26, with >90% of cost attributable to HAuCl₄, and outline an industrial flowsheet (20 m³) with minimal energy and maintenance demands. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the commercial potential of PA-capped AuNPs for biosensing, drug delivery, imaging, environmental remediation, analytical chemistry, and energy conversion/storage, while emphasizing their ecological friendliness and operational simplicity relative to conventional citrate and sulfur-anchored strategies. We conclude by identifying key research gaps, standardized reporting, ligand fate in complex media, and scale-transition controls that will accelerate mechanism-resolved studies and industrial translation.

Smart and multifunctional cementitious composites have garnered significant interest due to their enhanced properties, including electrical and thermal conductivity, energy storage, self-healing, self-sensing, and chemical resistance, alongside their conventional structural functions. These advancements contribute to sustainability, energy efficiency, and improved structural performance. This review examines the potential of carbon-coated sand (CCS) as a novel additive in cement composites, emphasizing its ability to enhance mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and other multifunctional characteristics. By integrating conductive and durable properties, CCS enables the development of self-sensing, self-healing, and energy-efficient cementitious materials. A comprehensive analysis of its synthesis, properties, and applications is presented, highlighting its role in improving durability and sustainability. Additionally, the challenges and future directions of incorporating carbon-coated sand into cementitious composites are explored. By bridging material science and civil engineering, this review aims to drive innovation in next-generation smart cement composites.