Chemical record最新文献

Propargylic alcohol is a shining star in the chemical space. These congeners have garnered significant attention from the synthetic chemistry community due to their dual functionality and three-centered reactivity. In this realm, the electrophilic cyclization of propargylic alcohols with a tethered nucleophile functional group is a key strategy for synthesizing hetero- and carbocycles. In these transformations, the position of the nucleophilic reactive handle can influence the reaction outcome. Consequently, these derivatives open up numerous opportunities to create complex cyclic adducts through various reaction pathways. Among all nucleophile tethers, the hydroxy group has been increasingly used in the production of oxy-heterocyclics. The hydroxy dialing on the core propargylic alcohol would lead to oxy-heterocyclics, such as benzofuran, furan, chromene, coumarin, chromone, pyrane, etc., which have numerous applications in various fields of biology and other scientific fields. In this review, we focused on uncovered hydroxy-tethered propargylic alcohol cyclization reactions. We categorized these transformations based on the structural features of hydroxy propargylic alcohols. With this review, we aim to pave the way for further efforts in discovering new reaction pathways.

Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) happens when a molecule, upon photon absorption, is promoted to an electronically excited state, where a proton transfer occurs from a donor to an acceptor group within the molecule. This process generates an excited-state tautomer, often exhibiting a lower ionization potential. Consequently, the fluore scence spectra display a notable Stokes shift, with emission peaks shifted toward longer wavelengths. More details can be found in the Review by Rampal Pandey, Mrituanjay D. Pandey, and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202500109).

Thiazolotriazole is gaining attention in medicinal chemistry due to its wide spectrum of biological activity. It is a fused heterocyclic compound formed by the fusion of 1,3-thiazole and 1,2,4-triazole, and the type of ring fusion results in the formation of isomeric thiazolotriazoles-[3,2-b] or [2,3-c] isomers. The synthesis of both ring systems has been carried out by various methodologies ranging from conventional methods such as cyclization and annulation to the use of metal catalysts, microwave radiation, photochemical and multicomponent reactions. In drug discovery, thiazolotriazole derivatives have been primarily investigated for their antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal properties. Recent years have seen significant advancements in anticancer drug research, revealing that these molecules are potential anticancer agents interacting with specific targets or biochemical pathways responsible for apoptosis and proliferation. In addition, thiazolotriazole also exhibits analgesic, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, thiazolotriazoles have also demonstrated the potential to inhibit enzymes such as carbonic anhydrase, urease, cyclooxygenase, and butyrylcholinesterase, which are meant to have particular biological functions. In the context of various applications, a review that describes biological activities with a particular focus on structural attributes that contribute to the activity will be helpful to better understand structure-activity relationship (SAR) and guide for further design of bioactive thiazolotriazoles. This review explains the biological activity of thiazolotriazole highlighting SAR and drug targets for specific disease conditions which will be helpful to better understand the scaffold and apply this knowledge to future drug discovery on thiazolotriazoles.

The bioconjugation of aromatic amino acids has emerged as a powerful strategy in chemical biology, drug discovery, and biomolecular research. Beyond the classical targeting of cysteine and lysine, aromatic amino acids residues offer higher selectivity owing to their lower abundance and critical roles in intermolecular interactions. Current synthetic approaches include substitution reactions, addition reactions, free-radical reactions, metal-catalyzed transformations, and biocatalytic approaches, enabling precise and versatile modifications in cells, tissues, and at the proteome level. In recent years, transition-metal catalysis and radical processes have dominated the field, with particular emphasis on tyrosine and tryptophan. This review provides a critical analysis of advances from the past 3 years, categorizing methodologies by reaction mechanism and highlighting how the intrinsic reactivity of aromatic amino acids can be harnessed for site-selective functionalization, ultimately expanding the accessible chemical space across all these residues.

Transition-metal-catalyzed carbonylation and carboxylation reactions represents one of the dominant fields of synthetic chemistry, enabling the construction of structurally diverse and value-added carbonyl compounds. Although, different C₁ surrogates have been developed to replace toxic carbon monoxide (CO), many of these require harsh acidic/basic conditions, metal catalysts, additives, or complex precursors, thereby generating substantial waste with lower atom economy. Herein, oxalic acid emanates as powerful multifaceted C₁ synthon, capable of delivering CO, CO₂, and H₂ through clean, additive-free thermal decomposition. The decomposition profile not only enables in situ gas generation but also uniquely positions oxalic acid as both a carbonyl source and reducing agent. Herein, this account highlights the development of oxalic acid from a traditional reagent to strategically important platform in sustainable synthesis. Special emphasis is placed on development of oxalic acid-mediated protocols for functionalized carboxylic acids, ketones, alkynones, thioesters, bis(indolyl)methanes, formamides, heterocycles, and carbocycles synthesis. Furthermore, innovative reaction system designs including single- and dual-vial systems that employed oxalic acid as sustainable in situ and ex situ gaseous surrogate have also been highlighted. Overall, this article underscores the practical utility of oxalic acid as a bench-stable, cost-effective, and environmentally benign trifunctional reagent, paving way for next-generation carbonylation chemistry aligned with green synthetic principles.

As a sustainable and clean energy source, hydrogen is gaining global recognition as a promising alternative to fossil fuels in the transition to a low-carbon economy. Its high energy density, versatility, and compatibility with renewable energy sources make it an attractive option for power generation, transportation, and industrial decarbonization. However, significant challenges hinder its widespread adoption, particularly in storage and transportation. Due to its low volumetric energy density, hydrogen requires advanced storage solutions such as chemical carriers, metal hydrides, compressed gas, and liquid hydrogen, each presenting unique financial and technological challenges. Additionally, transportation infrastructure-including pipelines and hydrogen carriers-must be further developed to enhance efficiency, improve safety, and minimize energy losses. Overcoming these challenges is essential to establishing a global hydrogen economy. Advancements in cost reduction, infrastructure development, and innovative storage materials are key to making hydrogen a viable mainstream energy source. This review highlights the critical barriers to hydrogen storage and transportation, while emphasizing the importance of continuous research, technological innovation, and supportive policies in accelerating the adoption of hydrogen for a cleaner, more sustainable energy future.

Carbon-based single-atom nanozymes (CB-SANzymes) have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their unique ability to mimic the active sites of natural enzymes. They exhibit not only maximized atom utilization efficiency but also strong metal-substrate interactions that effectively modulate the electronic structure of metal centers. Furthermore, carbon substrates facilitate rapid electron transfer during biosensing processes and enhance the stability of single-atom sites. These advantages make CB-SANzymes highly promising for biosensing applications. This review examines the fundamental properties of CB-SANzymes and discusses strategies for their modifications. Key strategies include increasing single-atom density, tuning the coordination environment, leveraging multimetal synergy, and engineering carbon substrates via heteroatom doping and defect construction. We also summarize the recent advances of CB-SANzymes in diverse biosensing platforms, such as colorimetric, fluorescent, and electrochemical systems. Their contribution to enhancing the sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy of these systems is emphasized. Finally, current challenges and future prospects in the development and application of CB-SANzymes are discussed, with the aim of providing insightful guidance for further advancements in this rapidly evolving field.

Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is a process where photoexcited molecules dissipate energy by transferring protons and undergoing tautomerization. With a brief introduction of a new emerging sensing mechanism, viz., CN isomerization, AIE, etc., this study explores the various aspects of ESIPT based on the current studies. Since Weller discovered ESIPT in salicylic acid and methyl salicylate, extensive research has developed on this topic, attributing to its wide applications. Here, it explores the structural and mechanical aspects of ESIPT and tautomerization.

Triazole, also known as Pyrrolidazole, is a fundamental framework in heterocyclic chemistry. This is a five-membered aromatic compound consisting of three nitrogen atoms and two carbon atoms, which exist in two isomeric forms:1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole. Both isomers exhibit a diverse range of applications across various domains, including materials science, medicinal chemistry, and catalysis. Despite their well-established advantages, triazole moieties are utilized as significant components in OLEDs, data storage devices, and organic photovoltaics. This review particularly emphasizes the recent advancements from 2020 to 2025, focusing on the asymmetric synthesis of triazole scaffolds and highlighting key methodologies ranging from copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition to biocatalytic strategies. Several studies have been reported about the development of innovative chiral ligands in conjunction with transition metals, including Ni, Rh, and Ir, leading to noble, efficient, and selective catalytic systems. Moreover, the present review article specifically explores the broad substrate scopes, reaction scalability, and detailed mechanistic insights that underscore the synthetic utility and versatility of these protocols. In addition, biocatalytic and chemoenzymatic approaches demonstrate the feasibility of sustainable and stereoselective synthesis of triazole-based antifungal agents. Overall, this mini-review not only guides the young researcher to develop new methodologies by carefully weighing their pros and cons but also equally assists the industrial scientist in designing bioactive heterocyclic compounds.

The present review outlines the latest advances in bio-organometallic ferrocene chemistry carried out on the brain. The brain has emerged as a key target and model for iron-loading by bioactive ferrocene-based compounds. This review focuses on the in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro experimental data using ferrocene compounds in the brain, and discusses recent findings regarding their mechanisms of action. It also provides an overview of the biomedical aspects of studying ferrocene derivatives. The objective of this mini-review is to show the potential of ferrocene-modified compounds for studying brain challenges.