Chemical record最新文献

The Friedländer quinoline synthesis represents a fundamental method for the construction of quinoline derivatives, a versatile class of heterocyclic compounds widely prevalent in pharmaceuticals and materials science. This synthesis traditionally involves the condensation of 2-aminoaryl ketones with carbonyl compounds, typically ketones or aldehydes, in the presence of an acid or base under reflux conditions. However, recent advancements have highlighted indirect approaches (starting from 2-aminobenzyl alcohol) to achieve the same quinoline framework, offering distinct advantages in selectivity, substrate scope, and functional group tolerance. We have reviewed various indirect methods employed in the Friedländer quinoline synthesis, encompassing strategies such as oxidative processes, metal-catalyzed reactions, and innovative cascade reactions. All the reported reactions are discussed in detail by highlighting the advantages and the shortcomings. Moreover, the generality is discussed for each methodology, with examples and mechanisms that are discussed to elucidate the synthetic pathways and the strategic advantages of these indirect methodologies. The synthesis of quinoline derivatives through indirect approaches not only enhances the synthetic flexibility and efficiency but also opens avenues for the development of novel bioactive compounds and materials with tailored properties.

Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are a promising material for use as anodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). TMO anode can be classified on the basis of their lithiation/delithiation mechanism, such as intercalation mechanism-based TMO anode, conversion mechanism-based TMOs, and alloying/dealloying mechanism-based TMO anode. Each class of TMOs has its own advantages and limitations. To address those limitations, a clear understanding of the dependency of performance on lithiation/delithiation behavior and the dependency of lithiation/delithiation on various factors, such as element, crystal structure, and hybrid structures, is reasonably necessary. This review article provides a mechanistic overview of all these factors that affect the specific performance of TMOs’ anode for next-generation LIBs. Moreover, emerging strategies to increase the performance of TMOs’ anode in LIBs have also been discussed. Finally, some future outlooks on TMOs’ anode research are also provided, which paved the pathways for developing next-generation LIBs.

The development of sensors for monitoring breath acetone, a key biomarker for ketosis in diabetes mellitus, represents a critical frontier in medical diagnostics, promising a painless alternative to invasive blood tests. This review provides a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the state-of-the-art in acetone gas sensing technologies, including chemiresistive, optical, electrochemical, conductometric, and microwave platforms. We focus specifically on recent breakthroughs driven by advanced materials, analyzing how novel nanostructures from two-dimensional (2D) materials such as MXenes to porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are engineered to push performance to clinically relevant parts-per-billion (ppb) sensitivity. Despite these advances, we identify the persistent, multifaceted challenges that impede widespread adoption: the technical trade-offs between sensitivity and stability, the physiological complexities of the biomarker itself, and the significant gap between laboratory performance and real-world clinical validation. Looking forward, we outline the essential research trajectories required to bridge this bench-to-bedside gap, emphasizing the development of intelligent sensor arrays, the application of machine learning (ML) for interference compensation, and the urgent need for standardized protocols to enable the large-scale clinical trials that are currently lacking. By synthesizing performance data with critical analysis of underlying challenges, this review provides a comprehensive roadmap for materials scientists, engineers, and clinicians working to realize the potential of non-invasive diabetes monitoring.

An α-aryl-substituted enantioenriched ketone is a valuable building block for the production of both natural and medicinal compounds. Research into their asymmetric synthesis can be challenging yet rewarding because of the need to control regio-, chemo-, and enantioselectivity carefully. A wide range of catalytic strategies has been developed during the past three decades to gain access to these favored motifs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of catalytic approaches for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral α-aryl ketones, classifying the methods according to the type of catalyst employed, including chiral Brønsted acid and Lewis acid-assisted Brønsted acid catalysis, transition metal catalysis (palladium, nickel, copper, and cobalt systems), and N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis. The mechanistic diversity of these methods, encompassing enolate arylation, acylation, hydroacylation, protonation, rearrangement, and direct CH functionalization, has facilitated the synthesis of various chiral α-aryl ketones under consistently milder and more sustainable circumstances.

MXene-based peroxidase (POD)-like nanozymes demonstrate significant potential in biomedical applications due to their 2D structure, tunable catalytic activity, and interfacial effects. This review summarizes recent advances in MXene-POD nanozyme design, focusing on interfacial effects modulation via external stimuli (e.g., near-infrared light, pH, magnetic fields) to enhance electron density distribution and catalytic efficiency. Subsequently, the emphasis transitions to their applications in biosensing, antimicrobial agents, and disease therapy, highlighting the influence of strategies on diverse applications. Finally, the recent challenges encountered by MXene-based POD-like enzymes are deliberated, along with potential avenues for future research. This review would offer crucial reference for the rational design of MXene-based POD nanozymes and their translation into biomedical applications.

As energy demand increases and the need for sustainable solutions grows, fuel cells have emerged as a promising solution, capable of converting chemical energy into electricity in a clean and combustion-free process. This technology not only improves energy efficiency but also leads to significant emission reductions, paving the way for a cleaner future. Among the various fuel cell technologies, proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been at the forefront (Abdelkareem et al., Sci. Total Environ. 2021, 752, 141803). However, their broader adoption is hindered by key challenges, including high costs, slow reaction kinetics, and internal resistance, which limit their scalability. In response to these challenges, membraneless fuel cells (MFCs) have emerged as an exciting alternative to polymeric membrane systems. By removing the membrane, the system becomes simpler, improving efficiency and robustness, while offering advantages like lower production and maintenance costs, increased durability, and better resistance to chemical degradation. This review focuses on recent advances in the design and catalysis optimization of MFCs. These advancements offer promising avenues for the widespread adoption of MFCs in sustainable energy applications.

Nonanolides, a diverse group of secondary metabolites with a unique 10-membered lactone subunit, are abundant in nature. To date, nonanolides have exhibited various biological activities, including cytotoxicity, phytotoxicity, antimalarial activity, antiosteoporosis, and antimicrobial activity. Previous literature has extensively reviewed nonanolides reported from 1975 to July 2011. In the past decade alone, numerous novel nonanolides with intricate structures and remarkable biological activities have been continuously documented. This review provides an overview of naturally occurring nonanolides reported from August 2011 to August 2024, encompassing their occurrence in nature, structural classifications, synthetic strategies, biosynthesis, and biological activities.

The last decade unveiled dicyanopyrazine as a purely organic photocatalyst capable of initiating a variety of unprecedented photoredox transformations. The latest discoveries also pointed to a facile Mallory-type photocyclization of the catalyst to quinoxaline-2,3-dicarbonitrile derivative, which proved to be the active catalytic species. Its principal photochemical properties involve the absorption band covering the blue spectral region, a sufficiently long-lived triplet, and the reversible first reduction accompanied by the formation of the corresponding radical anion. Hence, two-photon photoredox catalysis via (consecutive) photoinduced electron transfer can be conveniently accomplished to either oxidize or reduce various substrates. This review summarizes the first synthetic attempts toward dicyanopyrazine catalyst, its further improvements, structural modifications, photochemical properties, and also covers the application of pyrazine-2, 3-dicarbonitirle and quinoxaline-2,3-dicarbonitrile-based photocatalysts across the photoredox catalysis.

Emerging contaminants (ECs), such as pharmaceuticals, microplastics, and endocrine disruptors, pose persistent threats to human and ecological health due to their refractory nature. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are attractive crystalline porous materials for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Their high surface area, tunable structures, and stability complement the sustainable and efficient nature of photocatalysis, demonstrating great potential for treating ECs. This review systematically summarizes COF-based photocatalysts for ECs degradation, highlighting the synergistic mechanisms and performance breakthroughs of hybrid systems in enhancing efficiency, spectral response, and stability. It reveals its unique advantages over traditional photocatalysts in the selective degradation of complex pollutant molecules. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate COF-based photocatalytic systems for ECs degradation and proposes that integrating theoretical calculation, machine learning, and the rational design, and synthesis of COFs will be a key future direction for developing multifunctional catalytic systems and constructing intelligent photocatalytic systems. With further advancement, COF-based photocatalytic technology is expected to achieve large-scale application in fields, such as advanced treatment of industrial wastewater, micropollutant purification of drinking water, and environmental remediation, providing a green and efficient solution for global ECs management.

Electrocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production has attracted considerable interest in recent years as an eco-friendly and sustainable oxidizing agent. Its versatile applications span environmental protection, energy conversion, and chemical synthesis. Traditional industrial methods for H₂O₂ production, primarily based on the anthraquinone process, are highly complex and energy-demanding. In contrast, electrocatalysis provides a simpler and more environmentally friendly alternative. This review summarizes recent advancements in electrocatalytic H₂O₂ production, focusing on catalyst material selection and optimization, reaction mechanisms, operating conditions, and related progress. Initially, the applications and market status of H₂O₂ are presented, followed by an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various production methods. Next, the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction mechanism and activity indicators are discussed, along with a summary of the research progress in electrosynthesis reactors for H₂O₂ production. The performance of various catalysts, including carbon-based, precious metal, nonprecious metal, and metal–macrocycle complex catalysts, is evaluated. Finally, challenges and future research directions in electrocatalytic H₂O₂ production are outlined, emphasizing the need to enhance catalytic efficiency, reaction stability, and reduce catalyst costs. With continued optimization of electrocatalytic systems, electrocatalytic H₂O₂ production is positioned to emerge as a key pathway for sustainable chemical manufacturing in the future.