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Alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction on nickel-based non-noble metal electrocatalysts 镍基非贵金属电催化剂上的碱性氢氧化反应

IF 36.6 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2025.100400

Lulu An , Tonghui Zhao , Wen Lei , Chang Yang , Junhao Yang , Deli Wang

The anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) enables the use of non-noble metal catalysts, greatly reducing the cost of fuel cells. Nickel-based materials are considered the most promising anode catalysts for practical applications in low-cost AEMFCs, but designing Ni-based catalysts with breakthrough performance remains a major challenge due to the slow kinetics of the anodic hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline media. In this review, the electrocatalytic mechanisms of the alkaline HOR and the rigorous methods for assessing the performance of Ni-based catalysts are presented as the cornerstones for designing Ni-based catalysts. Alignment with the modulated geometric and electronic properties of Ni-based catalysts is thoroughly discussed, based on the principles of mechanism and performance evaluation. An element navigation map is presented to guide the precise design of efficient Ni-based non-noble metal catalysts for the alkaline HOR, and the current challenges and future prospects are outlined to provide valuable directions for new research about the alkaline HOR on Ni. This review not only offers insights into the rational design of Ni-based electrocatalysts but also provides a blueprint for the commercialization of cost-effective AEMFCs.

阴离子交换膜燃料电池（AEMFC）可以使用非贵金属催化剂，大大降低了燃料电池的成本。镍基材料被认为是低成本aemfc中最有前途的阳极催化剂，但由于碱性介质中阳极氢氧化反应（HOR）动力学缓慢，设计具有突破性性能的镍基催化剂仍然是一个主要挑战。本文综述了碱性HOR的电催化机理和ni基催化剂性能的严格评估方法，为ni基催化剂的设计提供了基础。从机理和性能评价的基本原理出发，深入探讨了镍基催化剂的几何和电子特性与取向的关系。提出了一种元素导航图，用于指导高效Ni基非贵金属碱性HOR催化剂的精确设计，并概述了目前面临的挑战和未来的展望，为Ni基碱性HOR的新研究提供了有价值的方向。这一综述不仅为镍基电催化剂的合理设计提供了新的思路，也为经济高效的aemfc的商业化提供了蓝图。

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引用次数: 0

Adsorption-attraction electrolyte addressing anion-deficient interface for lithium metal batteries 锂金属电池阴离子缺乏界面的吸附-吸引电解质

IF 36.6 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2025.100399

Pengbin Lai , Yaqi Zhang , Junhao Wang , Minghui Chen , Xinyu Li , Xiaodie Deng , Qichen Chen , Boyang Huang , Chaolun Gan , Yeguo Zou , Yu Qiao , Peng Zhang , Jinbao Zhao

Constructing an optimal solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) through electrolyte strategies is an effective approach to suppress lithium dendrites and improve deposition/stripping reversibility. Specifically, increasing the proportion of anion coordination in the inner Li⁺ solvation sheath promotes the formation of an anion-derived SEI that features a high content of inorganic components favoring Li⁺ diffusion. However, whether this anion-rich structure can persist during cycling has not been dynamically investigated. In this work, we not only construct a favorable solvation structure but also study its evolution in both bulk and interface regions across varying temperatures. Additionally, we employ the unique “adsorption-attraction” mechanism of trifluoromethoxybenzene (PhOCF₃) solvent to inhibit the undesirable transition from an “anion-rich” to “anion-deficient” structure at the anode interface, which is confirmed by 2D NMR and in situ infrared spectroscopy. In summary, this work explores the solvation structure in depth and proposes new perspectives on designing electrolytes for lithium metal batteries.

通过电解质策略构建最佳固-电解质间相（SEI）是抑制锂枝晶和提高沉积/剥离可逆性的有效途径。具体来说，增加内部Li+溶剂化鞘中阴离子配位的比例，促进阴离子衍生SEI的形成，该SEI具有高含量的无机成分，有利于Li+的扩散。然而，这种富含阴离子的结构是否能在循环过程中持续存在尚未得到动态研究。在这项工作中，我们不仅构建了一个有利的溶剂化结构，而且研究了它在不同温度下在体区和界面区的演变。此外，我们利用三氟甲氧基苯（PhOCF3）溶剂独特的“吸附-吸引”机制，抑制了阳极界面从“富阴离子”到“缺阴离子”结构的不良转变，这一点得到了二维核磁共振和原位红外光谱的证实。综上所述，本研究深入探讨了溶剂化结构，为锂金属电池电解质的设计提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Orbital modulation in platinum-group-metal (PGM) electrocatalysts: An effective approach to boost catalytic performance 铂族金属（PGM）电催化剂中的轨道调制：提高催化性能的有效方法

IF 42.9 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2024.100270

Xuan Liu , Gang Wu , Qing Li

Platinum group metal (PGM) electrocatalysts play an irreplaceable role in many electrochemical reactions for sustainable energy conversion. In the past few decades, the electronic orbital modulation methods have emerged as an important way to produce high-performance electrocatalysts, often by adjusting surface reactivity and enhancing structural stability. In this review, we first systematically elaborate on the basic principles and strategies of orbital modulation for PGM-based catalysts, mainly from the perspective of improving activity and stability, in which we highlight some exploratory theoretical studies over the past few decades. Then we describe a series of representative works to elucidate the specific approaches used to realize precise orbital modulation in PGM catalysts. Finally, we clarify the existing challenges and propose some perspectives for the development of related theories and practical applications.

铂族金属（PGM）电催化剂在许多电化学反应中具有不可替代的作用。在过去的几十年里，电子轨道调制方法已经成为生产高性能电催化剂的重要途径，通常通过调节表面反应性和提高结构稳定性来实现。本文首先从提高活性和稳定性的角度系统阐述了pgm基催化剂轨道调制的基本原理和策略，重点介绍了近几十年来一些探索性的理论研究。然后，我们描述了一系列具有代表性的工作，以阐明在PGM催化剂中实现精确轨道调制的具体方法。最后，对存在的挑战进行了梳理，并对相关理论和实际应用的发展提出了展望。

引用次数: 0

Hybrid microstructure-based stretchable biosensors for multi-physiological signal sensing 用于多生理信号传感的复合式微结构可拉伸生物传感器

IF 42.9 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2024.100327

Fei Han , Hanfei Li , Laixin Huang , Xiaomeng Zhou , Rui Su , Huan Yu , Qiong Tian , Hang Zhao , Qingsong Li , Jing Sun , Mei Yu , Xinping Deng , Guanglin Li , Huaiyu Ye , Fei Li , Guoqi Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu

Wearable biosensors provide continuous, real-time physiological monitoring of biochemical markers in biofluids such as sweat, tears, saliva, and interstitial fluid. However, achieving high stretchability and stable biochemical signal monitoring remains challenging. Here, we propose a hybrid microstructure (HMS) strategy to fabricate highly stretchable multifunctional biosensors capable of detecting sweat electrolyte concentrations, pH levels, and surface electromyography (EMG) signals. By integrating a HMS, stable conductivity under large strains is ensured. Stretching tests up to 5000 cycles demonstrated the electrodes’ stretchable stability and reliability. The high-performance electrodes were used for EMG monitoring on human skin. Additionally, active materials were coated onto the stretchable electrodes to create multifunctional sweat sensors capable of monitoring pH as well as calcium, sodium, and potassium ions (Ca²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺). The electrodes reliably maintained their functionality under 60% strain, providing new insights into the fabrication of stable, highly stretchable biosensors.

可穿戴生物传感器提供连续的、实时的生物液体生化标志物的生理监测，如汗液、眼泪、唾液和间质液。然而，实现高拉伸性和稳定的生化信号监测仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们提出了一种混合微观结构（HMS）策略来制造高度可拉伸的多功能生物传感器，能够检测汗液电解质浓度、pH值和表面肌电图（EMG）信号。通过集成HMS，确保了大应变下的稳定电导率。拉伸测试高达5000次循环证明了电极的可拉伸稳定性和可靠性。高性能电极用于人体皮肤肌电监测。此外，活性材料被涂在可拉伸电极上，以制造多功能汗液传感器，能够监测pH值以及钙、钠和钾离子（Ca2+, Na+, K+）。电极在60%的应变下可靠地保持其功能，为制造稳定，高度可拉伸的生物传感器提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling full-dimensional distribution of trap states toward highly efficient perovskite photovoltaics 揭示高效钙钛矿光伏电池陷阱态的全维分布

IF 42.9 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2024.100326

Jing Chen, Guang-Peng Zhu, Kai-Li Wang, Chun-Hao Chen, Tian-Yu Teng, Yu Xia, Tao Wang, Zhao-Kui Wang

To gain a deep understanding and address key issues in perovskite photovoltaics, such as power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability, defect passivation and analysis of the device performance are required. Here, we propose a non-contact characterization technique called the scanning photocurrent measurement system (SPMS) for device surface detection. We conducted signal analysis and method adjustments based on perovskite photovoltaic devices. This technique enables the monitoring of minority carriers in the device, allowing for the investigation of carrier behavior based on photocurrent signals. By integrating SPMS with thermal conductance spectroscopy (TAS) and drive-level capacitance profiling (DLCP), we further simulated the three-dimensional (3D) spatial distribution of trap states in the device and analyzed their energy-level alignment. Through extensive case studies, we have validated the universality and accuracy of this method. The integration of trap state characterization techniques provides strong support for targeted defect passivation and performance evaluation of perovskite photovoltaic devices, yielding a highly efficient perovskite solar cell with PCE as high as 25.74%.

为了深入理解和解决钙钛矿光伏电池的关键问题，如功率转换效率（PCE）和长期稳定性，需要对器件性能进行缺陷钝化和分析。在这里，我们提出了一种非接触表征技术，称为扫描光电流测量系统（SPMS），用于器件表面检测。我们基于钙钛矿光伏器件进行了信号分析和方法调整。该技术能够监测器件中的少数载流子，允许基于光电流信号的载流子行为的研究。通过将SPMS与热导光谱（TAS）和驱动级电容谱（DLCP）相结合，我们进一步模拟了器件中陷阱态的三维空间分布，并分析了它们的能级排列。通过大量的案例研究，我们验证了该方法的通用性和准确性。阱态表征技术的集成为钙钛矿光伏器件的靶向缺陷钝化和性能评估提供了强有力的支持，得到了PCE高达25.74%的高效钙钛矿太阳能电池。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrogel polymer electrolytes toward better zinc-ion batteries: A comprehensive review 水凝胶聚合物电解质用于制造更好的锌离子电池：综述

IF 42.9 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2024.100294

Jianwen Li , Alireza Azizi , Shuang Zhou , Sainan Liu , Chao Han , Zhi Chang , Anqiang Pan , Guozhong Cao

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) represent a promising solution for “beyond-lithium-ion” chemistries, but certain problems hinder their further development, especially when conventional aqueous electrolytes are involved. Hydrogel polymer electrolytes (HPEs) offer opportunities to circumvent these issues. This review aims to provide a fundamental understanding of how to design better HPEs for high-performing ZIBs, through critically analyzing the recent literature. Concerns regarding HPEs’ mechanical, interfacial, and electrochemical characteristics are addressed, followed by in-depth insights into their underlying mechanisms. Possibilities for practical applications of HPEs are also discussed.

水锌离子电池（zib）代表了一种很有前途的“超越锂离子”化学解决方案，但某些问题阻碍了它们的进一步发展，特别是当涉及到传统的水电解质时。水凝胶聚合物电解质（HPEs）提供了避免这些问题的机会。本综述旨在通过批判性地分析最近的文献，为如何为高性能zib设计更好的hpe提供基本的理解。对HPEs的机械、界面和电化学特性进行了讨论，然后深入了解了其潜在机制。讨论了hpe实际应用的可能性。

引用次数: 0

Organic photoelectrochemical memtransistor 有机光电化学记忆晶体管

IF 42.9 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2025.100374

Zheng Li, Qing-Qing Wu, Miao-Hua Chen, Jing-Juan Xu, Hong-Yuan Chen, Wei-Wei Zhao

By emulating the intricate human brain, neuromorphic engineering is playing a pivotal role in reshaping artificial intelligence, with unique synaptic devices forming the cornerstone of its success. This work presents a proof-of-concept study of an organic photoelectrochemical memtransistor (OPECmT) with chemically tunable reconfigurability in fluids. Light stimuli can induce unique hysteretic behavior in this OPECmT. Through mediation by the actual neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), we achieve the on-demand generation of excitatory/inhibitory postsynaptic currents and paired-pulse facilitation/depression with chemically adjustable weights. Notably, highly bionic Hebbian learning is realized in terms of nonlinearity and a millisecond time scale. To demonstrate the OPECmT’s application potential, an ACh-mediated artificial motion reflex arc is developed to mimic autonomous human movements.

通过模拟复杂的人类大脑，神经形态工程在重塑人工智能方面发挥着关键作用，独特的突触装置构成了其成功的基石。这项工作提出了一个有机光电电化学mem晶体管（OPECmT）的概念验证研究，具有化学可调的可重构性。光刺激可以在OPECmT中诱导独特的滞后行为。通过实际的神经递质乙酰胆碱（ACh）的调解，我们实现了按需产生兴奋性/抑制性突触后电流和化学可调节重量的成对脉冲促进/抑制。值得注意的是，高度仿生的Hebbian学习是在非线性和毫秒时间尺度上实现的。为了证明OPECmT的应用潜力，研究人员开发了一种乙酰丙酸介导的人工运动反射弧来模拟人类的自主运动。

引用次数: 0

Strategies of constructing highly stable interfaces with low resistance in inorganic oxide-based solid-state lithium batteries 构建无机氧化物固态锂电池低电阻高稳定界面的策略

IF 42.9 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2024.100277

Likun Chen , Peiran Shi , Tian Gu , Jinshuo Mi , Ke Yang , Liang Zhao , Jianshuai Lv , Ming Liu , Yan-Bing He , Feiyu Kang

Oxide solid-state electrolytes (OSEs) with high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window and inherent safety are critical to achieve high-energy-density and safe performance of solid-state batteries (SSBs). However, the large interfacial impedance and severe side reactions between OSEs and electrodes remain challenging for ion transport in SSBs, which is attributed to the poor physical contact and chemical compatibility between OSEs and electrode materials. In this review, the recent research on solid-state interfaces in SSBs is summarized and discussed. These strategies can be categorized into interfacial structure design and interfacial modifications. Structure designs, including constructing architectural Li anode, three-dimension (3D) structure OSEs and integrated cathode can significantly increase the effective contact area between electrodes and OSEs to facilitate the interfacial ion transport. The interfacial modifications are utilized to improve the wettability of OSEs for lithium metal anode, enhance the interfacial ion transport, and stabilize the OSEs/electrodes interface. Interface architecture is crucial to enhance structural stability and reduce interface impedance for advanced oxide-based SSBs. At last, the future research direction of interfacial modification in SSBs is prospected.

氧化物固态电解质具有高离子电导率、宽电化学窗口和固有安全性，是实现固态电池高能量密度和安全性能的关键。然而，由于氧化物和电极材料之间的物理接触和化学相容性差，氧化物和电极之间的大界面阻抗和严重的副反应仍然是离子在固态固体材料中传输的挑战。本文对近年来固体固体材料中固态界面的研究进行了综述和讨论。这些策略可分为界面结构设计和界面修改。结构设计，包括构建结构锂阳极、三维结构ose和集成阴极，可以显著增加电极与ose之间的有效接触面积，促进界面离子传输。通过界面修饰提高了锂金属阳极的润湿性，增强了界面离子传输，稳定了氧化物/电极界面。界面结构是提高结构稳定性和降低界面阻抗的关键。最后对SSBs界面改性的未来研究方向进行了展望。

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引用次数: 0

A self-damping triboelectric tactile patch for self-powered wearable electronics 一种用于自供电可穿戴电子设备的自阻尼摩擦电触觉贴片

IF 42.9 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2024.100324

Guoli Du, Jiamin Zhao, Yuzheng Shao, Tao Liu, Bin Luo, Song Zhang, Mingchao Chi, Chenchen Cai, Zhaomeng Liu, Shuangfei Wang, Shuangxi Nie

Wearable tactile sensing systems with bionic designs holds significant promise for environmental interactions and human–machine communication. Triboelectric sensing technology plays a vital role in acquiring and quantifying tactile signals. Conventional elastic sensing materials, however, lack damping performance and are easily damaged by vibrations, leading to sensor failure. To address this challenge, our study proposes a highly damping triboelectric gel based on a hydrogen bonding assisted microphase separation strategy. In microphase separation, the soft phase provides the viscoelasticity needed for the gel, while the hard phase dissipates shock energy. This energy dissipation mechanism enables the gel to achieve excellent damping performance (tan δ = 0.68 at 1Hz), skin-like softness (Young’s modulus of 130 kPa), and stretchability (> 900 %). The resulting self-damping tactile patch effectively absorbs and dissipates external vibrations, ensuring a stable and reliable wearable tactile sensing device. This work provides new insights into the application of triboelectric gels in wearable electronics.

仿生设计的可穿戴触觉传感系统在环境交互和人机交流方面具有重要的前景。摩擦电传感技术在获取和量化触觉信号方面起着至关重要的作用。然而，传统的弹性传感材料缺乏阻尼性能，容易受到振动的破坏，导致传感器失效。为了解决这一挑战，我们的研究提出了一种基于氢键辅助微相分离策略的高阻尼摩擦电凝胶。在微相分离中，软相提供凝胶所需的粘弹性，而硬相则耗散激波能量。这种能量耗散机制使凝胶具有优异的阻尼性能（1Hz时tan δ = 0.68）、皮肤般的柔软性（杨氏模量为130 kPa）和拉伸性(>；900%)。由此产生的自阻尼触觉贴片有效地吸收和消散外部振动，确保了稳定可靠的可穿戴触觉传感设备。这项工作为摩擦电凝胶在可穿戴电子产品中的应用提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Development of noble metal-free electrocatalysts towards acidic water oxidation: From fundamental understanding to state-of-the-art catalysts 开发用于酸性水氧化的无贵金属电催化剂：从基本认识到最先进的催化剂

IF 42.9 Q1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

eScience

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2024.100295

Jing Ni , Zhaoping Shi , Yibo Wang , Jiahao Yang , Hongxiang Wu , Pengbo Wang , Meiling Xiao , Changpeng Liu , Wei Xing

The development of low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid electrolytes is critical to the widespread implementation of proton electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE) towards carbon neutralization. Noble metal Ir- and Ru-based materials are state-of-the-art catalysts but still suffer from prohibitive price and scarcity. In this context, a variety of noble metal-free catalysts have been developed to decrease the cost of PEMWE. In this review, we first summarize the activity expression mechanism and stability issues for non-precious metal catalysts, highlighting the origins of performance degradation and the possible mitigation strategies. Then, we systematically review several recently developed noble metal-free catalysts, focusing on the design rationale and the structure-performance relation. Finally, the development prospects of non-noble metal catalysts are prospected, with the potential challenges for practical applications presented.

开发低成本、高效的酸性电解质析氧反应电催化剂对质子电解质膜水电解槽（PEMWE）在碳中和中的广泛应用至关重要。贵金属Ir和ru基材料是最先进的催化剂，但仍然受到价格过高和稀缺的困扰。在此背景下，各种无贵金属催化剂被开发出来以降低PEMWE的成本。在这篇综述中，我们首先总结了非贵金属催化剂的活性表达机制和稳定性问题，重点介绍了性能下降的来源和可能的缓解策略。然后，我们系统地回顾了近年来开发的几种无贵金属催化剂，重点介绍了其设计原理和结构-性能关系。最后，对非贵金属催化剂的发展前景进行了展望，并提出了实际应用中可能面临的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

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