Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.060
Ruchiyat ., T. Herlina, I. Musthapa, U. Supratman
Abstract Three sinapyl alcohol analogues, 4-O-[(2E)-3,7,7-Trimethyl-2,6-octadiene] (1), 4-O-[(2E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,7-octadiene-6-ol] (2) and 4-O-[(2E)(5E)-3,7,7-Trimethyl-2,5-octadiene-7-ol] (3) have been isolated from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC (Rutaceae). The chemical structures of compounds 1-3 were determined based on spectroscopic data including one and two-dimensional NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines was tested in vitro using these sinapyl alcohols. Among the isolated compounds 1, showed the strongest activity with an IC50 value of 54.18 µg/mL, suggesting that the presence of a gem-dimethyl and hydroxyl groups play important role for cytotoxic activity. Keywords: Cytotoxic activity, MCF-7 cell lines, Rutaceae, sinapyl alcohol, Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC.
{"title":"Sinapyl alcohols analogues from the stembark of Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC and their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line","authors":"Ruchiyat ., T. Herlina, I. Musthapa, U. Supratman","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.060","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Three sinapyl alcohol analogues, 4-O-[(2E)-3,7,7-Trimethyl-2,6-octadiene] (1), 4-O-[(2E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,7-octadiene-6-ol] (2) and 4-O-[(2E)(5E)-3,7,7-Trimethyl-2,5-octadiene-7-ol] (3) have been isolated from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC (Rutaceae). The chemical structures of compounds 1-3 were determined based on spectroscopic data including one and two-dimensional NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines was tested in vitro using these sinapyl alcohols. Among the isolated compounds 1, showed the strongest activity with an IC50 value of 54.18 µg/mL, suggesting that the presence of a gem-dimethyl and hydroxyl groups play important role for cytotoxic activity. Keywords: Cytotoxic activity, MCF-7 cell lines, Rutaceae, sinapyl alcohol, Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC.","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41428842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.064
P. Tangyuenyongwatana, W. Gritsanapan
Abstract This study focused on the development of extracts from mangosteen rinds for use as whitening and sunscreen agents. Mangosteen rinds were obtained from 9 locations in the East and the South of Thailand. Ethanol (95%) crude rind extracts were prepared and separated by column chromatography. The fractions were collected from top (F1-F4) and mid spots (F12-F15). These fractions were subjected to tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay and found that the top spot exhibited low activity with IC50 > 100 µg/mL while the mid spots inhibited tyrosinase enzyme at IC50 18.48 µg/mL which is more sensitive than a positive control, kojic acid (38.46 µg/mL). The mid spots fraction from the crude extract of Chanthaburi sample 1 was analyzed with HPLC and was assigned as MGS-1 extract which contained a high amount of α-mangostin. MGS-1 extract was formulated as oil in water cream with 2, 4, 6, and 9 %w/w extract. All creams were subjected to measure SPF and UVA/UVB ratio using an Optometrics SPF-290S analyzer. It was found that the cream with 6 %w/w MGS-1 extract showed the best results with SPF at 10.36 ± 1.07 and had a UVA/UVB ratio equal to 0.451. These sunscreen properties are close to the properties of Salisol-3 (benzophenone), a standard sunscreen. In conclusion, MGS-1 extract has a good potential to be used as a whitening and sunscreen agent in cosmetics with a lower cost of substrate because mangosteen rinds can be found as waste from eating mangosteen fruit every year in Thailand. Keywords: Mangosteen rind, MGS-1 extract, Tyrosinase inhibition, Whitening agent, Sunscreen
{"title":"Development of Sunscreen Containing Alpha-Mangostin Riched Extract with Anti-Tyrosinase Activities","authors":"P. Tangyuenyongwatana, W. Gritsanapan","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.064","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study focused on the development of extracts from mangosteen rinds for use as whitening and sunscreen agents. Mangosteen rinds were obtained from 9 locations in the East and the South of Thailand. Ethanol (95%) crude rind extracts were prepared and separated by column chromatography. The fractions were collected from top (F1-F4) and mid spots (F12-F15). These fractions were subjected to tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay and found that the top spot exhibited low activity with IC50 > 100 µg/mL while the mid spots inhibited tyrosinase enzyme at IC50 18.48 µg/mL which is more sensitive than a positive control, kojic acid (38.46 µg/mL). The mid spots fraction from the crude extract of Chanthaburi sample 1 was analyzed with HPLC and was assigned as MGS-1 extract which contained a high amount of α-mangostin. MGS-1 extract was formulated as oil in water cream with 2, 4, 6, and 9 %w/w extract. All creams were subjected to measure SPF and UVA/UVB ratio using an Optometrics SPF-290S analyzer. It was found that the cream with 6 %w/w MGS-1 extract showed the best results with SPF at 10.36 ± 1.07 and had a UVA/UVB ratio equal to 0.451. These sunscreen properties are close to the properties of Salisol-3 (benzophenone), a standard sunscreen. In conclusion, MGS-1 extract has a good potential to be used as a whitening and sunscreen agent in cosmetics with a lower cost of substrate because mangosteen rinds can be found as waste from eating mangosteen fruit every year in Thailand. Keywords: Mangosteen rind, MGS-1 extract, Tyrosinase inhibition, Whitening agent, Sunscreen","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44310612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.063
P. Suwannasopon, V. Changrue, T. Pankasemsuk, Nattasak Krittigamas, K. Katsri
Abstract Heating is an important treatment before protein extraction process. Rapid heating of microwave heating (MW) was investigated to compare with hot air oven (HA) heating prior to protein extraction in soybeans. Heating temperature was controlled at 50°C, with the heating time of 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 min. The control treatment was no heat treatment. The treated samples were analyzed i) the total protein using Kjeldahl method, ii) the protein soluble by Bradford method and iii) cells microscope investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were found that the pretreatment of 75 min microwave (MW75) heating provided the highest protein with the amount of absorbance value and total protein of 3.0365 ± 0.004 mg mL-1 and 3.70 ± 0.01% respectively. The lowest protein extraction of 2.7707 ± 0.020 mg mL-1 and 3.38 ± 0.005% total protein value occurred in the condition of 15 mines hot air oven (HA15) heating. The investigation using scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that protein extraction correlated with the enlargement and breakage of cell wall and endosperm caused by microwave heating rather than hot air oven heating. The rapid heating of microwave and heating time influenced the amount of extracted protein. Keywords: Soybean, Protein, Microwave, Hot air, Heating
{"title":"Effects of Pre-Heating Between Controlled Temperature Microwave Heating and Hot Air Oven Heating in Protein Extraction Process of Soybeans","authors":"P. Suwannasopon, V. Changrue, T. Pankasemsuk, Nattasak Krittigamas, K. Katsri","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Heating is an important treatment before protein extraction process. Rapid heating of microwave heating (MW) was investigated to compare with hot air oven (HA) heating prior to protein extraction in soybeans. Heating temperature was controlled at 50°C, with the heating time of 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 min. The control treatment was no heat treatment. The treated samples were analyzed i) the total protein using Kjeldahl method, ii) the protein soluble by Bradford method and iii) cells microscope investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were found that the pretreatment of 75 min microwave (MW75) heating provided the highest protein with the amount of absorbance value and total protein of 3.0365 ± 0.004 mg mL-1 and 3.70 ± 0.01% respectively. The lowest protein extraction of 2.7707 ± 0.020 mg mL-1 and 3.38 ± 0.005% total protein value occurred in the condition of 15 mines hot air oven (HA15) heating. The investigation using scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that protein extraction correlated with the enlargement and breakage of cell wall and endosperm caused by microwave heating rather than hot air oven heating. The rapid heating of microwave and heating time influenced the amount of extracted protein. Keywords: Soybean, Protein, Microwave, Hot air, Heating","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49580092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.062
W. Chien, D. S. Saputri, S. Yanti, D. Agrawal
Abstract Exploration of pectin from Citrus depressa H. peels (CD pectin) could add value to the waste arising from Citrus depressa H. beverage products. Preliminary analysis showed that temperature and acidity were insignificantly affect pectin yield, degree of esterification and DPPH scavenging activity. In order to optimize the ultrasonication time and solid: solvent ratio (SLR) of CD pectin extraction, response surface methodology central composite design (RSM-CCD) was used as the statistical tool. The optimum UAE conditions were: extraction time 39.96 minutes and solid: iquid ratio 1:20 (w/v). Under these conditions, the pectin yield was 16.07%, with 83.49% DPPH scavenging activity and 62.46% degree of esterification. The prediction model with a 0.922 desirability value was verified with adequate “lack of fit” values and confirmed consistent response in high and low prediction intervals (95%). Titration analysis, FTIR-ATR, NMR and XRD spectroscopy had been done to the dried pectin, and found that CD pectin is considered as high methoxylated (DE > 50%) with amorphous and crystalline structures. CD pectin peel also exhibited high DPPH scavenging activity (74.14 – 83.56%) that the food industry could potentially use as natural antioxidants. Keywords: Ultrasonication, Pectin, Optimization, Structural, Functional
{"title":"Response Surface Methodology for Simple Non-Acid Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Pectin from Taiwan’s Citrus depressa H. Peels","authors":"W. Chien, D. S. Saputri, S. Yanti, D. Agrawal","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.062","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Exploration of pectin from Citrus depressa H. peels (CD pectin) could add value to the waste arising from Citrus depressa H. beverage products. Preliminary analysis showed that temperature and acidity were insignificantly affect pectin yield, degree of esterification and DPPH scavenging activity. In order to optimize the ultrasonication time and solid: solvent ratio (SLR) of CD pectin extraction, response surface methodology central composite design (RSM-CCD) was used as the statistical tool. The optimum UAE conditions were: extraction time 39.96 minutes and solid: iquid ratio 1:20 (w/v). Under these conditions, the pectin yield was 16.07%, with 83.49% DPPH scavenging activity and 62.46% degree of esterification. The prediction model with a 0.922 desirability value was verified with adequate “lack of fit” values and confirmed consistent response in high and low prediction intervals (95%). Titration analysis, FTIR-ATR, NMR and XRD spectroscopy had been done to the dried pectin, and found that CD pectin is considered as high methoxylated (DE > 50%) with amorphous and crystalline structures. CD pectin peel also exhibited high DPPH scavenging activity (74.14 – 83.56%) that the food industry could potentially use as natural antioxidants. Keywords: Ultrasonication, Pectin, Optimization, Structural, Functional","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43956214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.055
D. Rotimi, O. Kayode, T. Olaolu, O. Adeyemi
Abstract This study aims to investigate the effects of semen quality and gonadal hormonal balance in monosodium glutamate-induced testicular dysfunction in rats. Two groups of twenty-three animals each were treated (control and monosodium glutamate (MSG) group) orally for 28 days to establish testicular dysfunction. After testicular dysfunction was successfully confirmed, the animals from the two treatment groups were further subdivided (post-treatment) into six groups and treated for 42 days as follows; Control (Untreated); Ketogenic diet; Curcumin; MSG group only; MSG + Ketogenic diet; MSG + Curcumin. In MSG treatment, the administration of MSG significantly (P <0.05) decreased the level of serum testosterone in the rats. The treatment with MSG significantly (P <0.05) reduced the sperm count, sperm motility, sperm viability, and sperm morphology compared to the control rats. In the post-MSG treatment, ketogenic diet treatment significantly (P <0.05) increased the levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone, while curcumin treatment increased only luteinizing hormone. The group fed with curcumin showed a significant increase in sperm morphology and sperm count compared to the control. This study revealed that MSG administration might have led to a disruption of the gonadal hormonal balance and sperm quality. Keywords: Ketogenic diet, Medicinal biochemistry, Monosodium glutamate, Sperm, Reproductive function, Testosterone
{"title":"Ketogenic Diet Improves Semen Quality and Restores Gonadal Hormonal Balance Following Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Testicular Dysfunction in Rats","authors":"D. Rotimi, O. Kayode, T. Olaolu, O. Adeyemi","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.055","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to investigate the effects of semen quality and gonadal hormonal balance in monosodium glutamate-induced testicular dysfunction in rats. Two groups of twenty-three animals each were treated (control and monosodium glutamate (MSG) group) orally for 28 days to establish testicular dysfunction. After testicular dysfunction was successfully confirmed, the animals from the two treatment groups were further subdivided (post-treatment) into six groups and treated for 42 days as follows; Control (Untreated); Ketogenic diet; Curcumin; MSG group only; MSG + Ketogenic diet; MSG + Curcumin. In MSG treatment, the administration of MSG significantly (P <0.05) decreased the level of serum testosterone in the rats. The treatment with MSG significantly (P <0.05) reduced the sperm count, sperm motility, sperm viability, and sperm morphology compared to the control rats. In the post-MSG treatment, ketogenic diet treatment significantly (P <0.05) increased the levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone, while curcumin treatment increased only luteinizing hormone. The group fed with curcumin showed a significant increase in sperm morphology and sperm count compared to the control. This study revealed that MSG administration might have led to a disruption of the gonadal hormonal balance and sperm quality. Keywords: Ketogenic diet, Medicinal biochemistry, Monosodium glutamate, Sperm, Reproductive function, Testosterone","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47892182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.059
Sirintat Liamlaem, S. Naruenartwongsakul, P. Intipunya
Abstract The objective of this research was to study the effects of plasma treatment at different power levels (100, 120, and 140 W) and exposure times (5, 10, and 15 min) on the physical and chemical properties of pigmented rice flours from Kum Doi Saket cultivar. An increase in plasma power and exposure time resulted in decreases of moisture contents, solubility, and swelling power of the rice flour, while the resistant starch content was increased. The amylose content tended to decrease when plasma power and exposure time was increased. In this study, plasma treatment at 140 W for 10 min maintained the highest anthocyanin content in Kum Doi Saket rice flour (68.35 – 98.63 mg/100 g). Pasting property analysis by RVA revealed decreases in peak viscosity, breakdown and setback viscosities. The pasting temperature of Kum Doi Saket rice flour was significantly decreased (P ≤0.05) after plasma treatment. Plasma treatment did not affect the onset temperature (To) and ΔH of starch gelatinization as analyzed by a DSC, while peak temperature (Tp) and end set temperature (Te) of flour sample were increased (P ≤0.05). Plasma effects on size, shape and surface roughness of flours were observed by SEM. Higher plasma power and treatment time caused more micro-pores on the surface of flour particles, especially after being treated at 140 W for 15 min. Keywords: Pigmented rice flour, Cold plasma technology, Flour properties, Cross-linking
摘要本研究的目的是研究不同功率水平（100、120和140 W）和暴露时间（5、10和15分钟）的等离子体处理对Kum Doi Saket品种色素米粉物理和化学性质的影响。等离子体功率和暴露时间的增加导致米粉的水分含量、溶解度和溶胀力降低，而抗性淀粉含量增加。随着等离子体功率和暴露时间的增加，直链淀粉含量趋于下降。在这项研究中，140 W的等离子体处理10分钟保持了Kum Doi Saket米粉中最高的花青素含量（68.35–98.63 mg/100 g）。通过RVA进行的粘贴特性分析显示，峰值粘度、断裂粘度和回缩粘度降低。Kum Doi Saket米粉的糊化温度在等离子体处理后显著降低（P≤0.05）。DSC分析表明，等离子体处理不影响淀粉糊化的起始温度（To）和ΔH，而面粉样品的峰值温度（Tp）和终凝温度（Te）增加（P≤0.05）。SEM观察到等离子体对面粉尺寸、形状和表面粗糙度的影响。较高的等离子体功率和处理时间导致面粉颗粒表面出现更多的微孔，特别是在140W下处理15分钟后。关键词：着色米粉，冷等离子体技术，面粉特性，交联
{"title":"Effects of Plasma Treatment on Chemical and Physical Properties of Pigmented Rice Flour","authors":"Sirintat Liamlaem, S. Naruenartwongsakul, P. Intipunya","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.059","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this research was to study the effects of plasma treatment at different power levels (100, 120, and 140 W) and exposure times (5, 10, and 15 min) on the physical and chemical properties of pigmented rice flours from Kum Doi Saket cultivar. An increase in plasma power and exposure time resulted in decreases of moisture contents, solubility, and swelling power of the rice flour, while the resistant starch content was increased. The amylose content tended to decrease when plasma power and exposure time was increased. In this study, plasma treatment at 140 W for 10 min maintained the highest anthocyanin content in Kum Doi Saket rice flour (68.35 – 98.63 mg/100 g). Pasting property analysis by RVA revealed decreases in peak viscosity, breakdown and setback viscosities. The pasting temperature of Kum Doi Saket rice flour was significantly decreased (P ≤0.05) after plasma treatment. Plasma treatment did not affect the onset temperature (To) and ΔH of starch gelatinization as analyzed by a DSC, while peak temperature (Tp) and end set temperature (Te) of flour sample were increased (P ≤0.05). Plasma effects on size, shape and surface roughness of flours were observed by SEM. Higher plasma power and treatment time caused more micro-pores on the surface of flour particles, especially after being treated at 140 W for 15 min. Keywords: Pigmented rice flour, Cold plasma technology, Flour properties, Cross-linking","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46993970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.044
A. S. Budiman, D. Bengen, I. Nurjaya, Z. Arifin, M. F. A. Ismail
Abstract Upwelling plays a crucial role in driving cross-shelf circulation between the continental shelf and boundary currents. It is well known that upwelling results in the exchange of heat, nutrients, fish larvae, and other properties. It controls primary productivity, which promotes higher trophic levels and fisheries. Upwelling can be identified by at least three physical variables: wind, sea surface temperature (SST), and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). The intensity of upwelling can then be calculated using the Upwelling Index (UI), which is based on these three variables. Wind-based UI (UIET), SST-based UI (UISST), and Chl-a-based UI (UICHL) were calculated using satellite-derived and reanalysis data from 2002 to 2017. Those three UIs were analyzed spatially and temporarily to determine the differences in upwelling strength and duration. The most appropriate UI for explaining the South Java upwelling system in our domain was determined through the correlation analysis. The monthly mean climatology of all UI (UIET, UISST, and UICHL) reveals the seasonal variation, which is high during the southeast (SE) monsoon. The strongest correlation between UISST and Chl-a with the smallest lag times suggested that South Java upwelling in our domain can be identified better using SST-based UI (UISST) than through the Ekman mass transport-based UIET, particularly in the east, relevant to the earlier study. Keywords: Chlorophyll-a, Upwelling Indexes, South Java Upwelling
{"title":"A Comparison of the Three Upwelling Indices in the South Java Sea Shelf","authors":"A. S. Budiman, D. Bengen, I. Nurjaya, Z. Arifin, M. F. A. Ismail","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.044","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Upwelling plays a crucial role in driving cross-shelf circulation between the continental shelf and boundary currents. It is well known that upwelling results in the exchange of heat, nutrients, fish larvae, and other properties. It controls primary productivity, which promotes higher trophic levels and fisheries. Upwelling can be identified by at least three physical variables: wind, sea surface temperature (SST), and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). The intensity of upwelling can then be calculated using the Upwelling Index (UI), which is based on these three variables. Wind-based UI (UIET), SST-based UI (UISST), and Chl-a-based UI (UICHL) were calculated using satellite-derived and reanalysis data from 2002 to 2017. Those three UIs were analyzed spatially and temporarily to determine the differences in upwelling strength and duration. The most appropriate UI for explaining the South Java upwelling system in our domain was determined through the correlation analysis. The monthly mean climatology of all UI (UIET, UISST, and UICHL) reveals the seasonal variation, which is high during the southeast (SE) monsoon. The strongest correlation between UISST and Chl-a with the smallest lag times suggested that South Java upwelling in our domain can be identified better using SST-based UI (UISST) than through the Ekman mass transport-based UIET, particularly in the east, relevant to the earlier study. Keywords: Chlorophyll-a, Upwelling Indexes, South Java Upwelling","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45173802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.050
S. Sookkhee, Y. Kumsang, Sathian Boongum
Abstract The present study was to investigate and identify the antimicrobial lactic acid bacteria against some gastrointestinal pathogens, to compare the activity between their synbiotic culture and bacteria culture alone, and to characterize the bacteriocins produced by the synbiotic culture of these isolates. Among 600 isolates of selected lactic acid bacteria, three isolates of Lactocaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, two of Latilactobacillus curvatus subsp. curvatus, and one of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum exhibited the antibacterial activities against four standard reference bacteria, and twelve clinical strains of food-poisoning bacteria especially Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The synbiotic culture of L. paracasei 9/5, L. curvatus 87/6 and L. plantarum 89/4 which are cultured with sweet corn, grand red bean, papaya, star fruit, nashi pear, and black ginger exhibited significant inhibitions to V. parahaemolyticus. Bacteriocin which was harvested from the synbiotic culture of L. curvatus 87/6 and nashi pear demonstrated the strongest activity to the tested bacteria. After partial purification, ultrafiltration, and ion exchange column chromatography, this bacteriocin was anionic with 40-80 kDa and pI at 4-5. Its antimicrobial activities significantly decreased at pH > 8.0, with trypsin and pepsin digestions as well as after heating at > 100°C. Analyzed with SDS-PAGE, the suspected bacteriocin band was detected in the increased intensity, lower intensity, and was not detected after harvested from the synbiotic culture, the bacterial culture alone, and only plant powder extract, respectively. It was concluded that the synbiotic culture of L. curvatus with some prebiotics could induce potent antimicrobial bacteriocin production. Keywords: Lactic acid bacteria, Prebiotics, Synbiotic, Bacteriocin, Vibrio parahaemolyticus
{"title":"Bacteriocin Harvested from the Synbiotic Culture of Selected Lactic Acid Bacteria with Various Vegetables, Cereals, Fruits, Medicinal and Tuber Plants: Inhibition of Vibrio parahaemolyticus","authors":"S. Sookkhee, Y. Kumsang, Sathian Boongum","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.050","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study was to investigate and identify the antimicrobial lactic acid bacteria against some gastrointestinal pathogens, to compare the activity between their synbiotic culture and bacteria culture alone, and to characterize the bacteriocins produced by the synbiotic culture of these isolates. Among 600 isolates of selected lactic acid bacteria, three isolates of Lactocaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, two of Latilactobacillus curvatus subsp. curvatus, and one of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum exhibited the antibacterial activities against four standard reference bacteria, and twelve clinical strains of food-poisoning bacteria especially Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The synbiotic culture of L. paracasei 9/5, L. curvatus 87/6 and L. plantarum 89/4 which are cultured with sweet corn, grand red bean, papaya, star fruit, nashi pear, and black ginger exhibited significant inhibitions to V. parahaemolyticus. Bacteriocin which was harvested from the synbiotic culture of L. curvatus 87/6 and nashi pear demonstrated the strongest activity to the tested bacteria. After partial purification, ultrafiltration, and ion exchange column chromatography, this bacteriocin was anionic with 40-80 kDa and pI at 4-5. Its antimicrobial activities significantly decreased at pH > 8.0, with trypsin and pepsin digestions as well as after heating at > 100°C. Analyzed with SDS-PAGE, the suspected bacteriocin band was detected in the increased intensity, lower intensity, and was not detected after harvested from the synbiotic culture, the bacterial culture alone, and only plant powder extract, respectively. It was concluded that the synbiotic culture of L. curvatus with some prebiotics could induce potent antimicrobial bacteriocin production. Keywords: Lactic acid bacteria, Prebiotics, Synbiotic, Bacteriocin, Vibrio parahaemolyticus","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42104634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.046
Nelly Marliani, I. Artika, W. Nurcholis
Abstract Justicia gendarussa Burm.f contains polyphenol, which has pharmacological activity. Therefore, this study aims to show the potential of antioxidant compounds in J. gendarussa. The extraction method used was an experimental design that maximized phenolic recovery with the highest antioxidant activity from the leaves of this plant. Furthermore, a simplex-centroid design was used to evaluate the various extractor solvents (water, ethanol, and hexane) and their binary or ternary mixtures, while UPLC-MS/MS analysis was used to identify bioactive compounds. The total phenol (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) of the optimized extracts were determined using Follin-Ciocalteu and colorimetric methods, as well as their antioxidant activity were determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The results was optimized to a value of 0.844 using water-hexane solvents with a predicted TPC, TFC, DPPH, and FRAP of 112.076 mg GAE/g, 34.926 mg QE/g, 45.477 µmol TE/g, and 353.611 µmol TE/g, respectively. Additionally, the UPLC-MS/MS analysis showed 62 compounds such as phenolics, isoflavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, alcohols, and other groups of components. This study shows the potential of antioxidant compounds J. gendarussa. Keywords: Extraction optimization, Justicia gendarussa Burm.f, Simplex centroid design, Polyphenols, Antioxidant
{"title":"Optimization Extraction for Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, and Antioxidant Activity with Different Solvents and UPLC-MS/MS Metabolite Profiling of Justicia gendarussa Burm.f","authors":"Nelly Marliani, I. Artika, W. Nurcholis","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.046","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Justicia gendarussa Burm.f contains polyphenol, which has pharmacological activity. Therefore, this study aims to show the potential of antioxidant compounds in J. gendarussa. The extraction method used was an experimental design that maximized phenolic recovery with the highest antioxidant activity from the leaves of this plant. Furthermore, a simplex-centroid design was used to evaluate the various extractor solvents (water, ethanol, and hexane) and their binary or ternary mixtures, while UPLC-MS/MS analysis was used to identify bioactive compounds. The total phenol (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) of the optimized extracts were determined using Follin-Ciocalteu and colorimetric methods, as well as their antioxidant activity were determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The results was optimized to a value of 0.844 using water-hexane solvents with a predicted TPC, TFC, DPPH, and FRAP of 112.076 mg GAE/g, 34.926 mg QE/g, 45.477 µmol TE/g, and 353.611 µmol TE/g, respectively. Additionally, the UPLC-MS/MS analysis showed 62 compounds such as phenolics, isoflavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, alcohols, and other groups of components. This study shows the potential of antioxidant compounds J. gendarussa. Keywords: Extraction optimization, Justicia gendarussa Burm.f, Simplex centroid design, Polyphenols, Antioxidant","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42513654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.039
Diego Mauricio Cano-Reinoso, L. Soesanto, Kharisun ., C. Wibowo
Abstract Salicylic acid applied pre-and postharvest can impact positively the fruit quality, although more experiments are necessary to clarify its influence on pineapple. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of pre-and postharvest treatments with salicylic acid on physicochemical properties of MD2 pineapple. Treatments were, A (Control: Waxing but without SA application pre-and postharvest), B (SA (2 mM) preharvest (sprayed) + SA (5 mM) postharvest (dipping)), C SA (2 mM) preharvest (sprayed) + SA (7 mM) postharvest (dipping)) and D (SA (2 mM) preharvest (sprayed) + SA (9 mM) postharvest (dipping)). Fruit total soluble solids, total acidity, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, fruit weight, percentage of weight loss, firmness, respiration rate, shell colour and flesh translucency were examined. The ascorbic acid, respiration rate and flesh translucency were determined as the variables more influential in this study. Treatments with postharvest concentrations higher than 5 mM increased the ascorbic acid (˃ 300 mg/kg) and reduced the translucency incidence (˂ 20 %), while with postharvest concentrations between 5-7 mM reduced the respiration rate (˂ 12 mL CO2/kg*h). All the treatments provided ideal values for the rest of the quality variables studied. Finally, treatment C was considered the most beneficial for the fruit, delivering the most elevated ascorbic acid content (385.89 mg/kg), the lowest respiration rate (10.46 mL CO2/kg*h) and translucency incidence (16.67 %). Keywords: Antioxidants, Ascorbic acid, Enzyme, Respiration rate, Translucency
摘要采前和采后施用水杨酸对菠萝果实质量有积极影响，但还需要更多的实验来阐明水杨酸对菠萝的影响。因此，本研究旨在评价水杨酸采前和采后处理对MD2菠萝理化性质的影响。处理为：A（对照：打蜡，但不在采前和采后施用SA）、B（SA（2mM）采前（喷洒）+SA（5mM）采后（浸渍））、C SA（2mm）采前）喷洒+SA（7mM）采后（浸渍）和D（SA（2 mM）采前（喷洒）/SA（9mM）采下（浸渍）。测定了果实总可溶性固形物、总酸度、抗坏血酸、β-胡萝卜素、果实重量、失重率、硬度、呼吸速率、壳色和果肉透明度。抗坏血酸、呼吸速率和果肉透明度是本研究中影响较大的变量。采后浓度高于5 mM的处理增加了抗坏血酸（300 mg/kg）并降低了半透明发生率（20%），而采后浓度在5-7 mM之间的处理降低了呼吸速率（12 mL CO2/kg*h）。所有处理都为所研究的其余质量变量提供了理想值。最后，处理C被认为对果实最有利，提供了最高的抗坏血酸含量（385.89 mg/kg）、最低的呼吸速率（10.46 mL CO2/kg*h）和半透明发生率（16.67%）。关键词：抗氧化剂，抗坏血酸，酶，呼吸速率，半透明性
{"title":"Effect of Pre-And Postharvest Treatments with Salicylic Acid on Physicochemical Properties of Pineapple cv. MD2","authors":"Diego Mauricio Cano-Reinoso, L. Soesanto, Kharisun ., C. Wibowo","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Salicylic acid applied pre-and postharvest can impact positively the fruit quality, although more experiments are necessary to clarify its influence on pineapple. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of pre-and postharvest treatments with salicylic acid on physicochemical properties of MD2 pineapple. Treatments were, A (Control: Waxing but without SA application pre-and postharvest), B (SA (2 mM) preharvest (sprayed) + SA (5 mM) postharvest (dipping)), C SA (2 mM) preharvest (sprayed) + SA (7 mM) postharvest (dipping)) and D (SA (2 mM) preharvest (sprayed) + SA (9 mM) postharvest (dipping)). Fruit total soluble solids, total acidity, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, fruit weight, percentage of weight loss, firmness, respiration rate, shell colour and flesh translucency were examined. The ascorbic acid, respiration rate and flesh translucency were determined as the variables more influential in this study. Treatments with postharvest concentrations higher than 5 mM increased the ascorbic acid (˃ 300 mg/kg) and reduced the translucency incidence (˂ 20 %), while with postharvest concentrations between 5-7 mM reduced the respiration rate (˂ 12 mL CO2/kg*h). All the treatments provided ideal values for the rest of the quality variables studied. Finally, treatment C was considered the most beneficial for the fruit, delivering the most elevated ascorbic acid content (385.89 mg/kg), the lowest respiration rate (10.46 mL CO2/kg*h) and translucency incidence (16.67 %). Keywords: Antioxidants, Ascorbic acid, Enzyme, Respiration rate, Translucency","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49420817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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