Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.007
Piyadech Arkarapotiwong, Sumavalee Chindapol
Abstract Criteria for dental clinic design in Thailand are recommended by the Design and Construction Division, Department of Health Service Support, Ministry of Public Health. During the Coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19), there were several procedures regarding dental operations and infection prevention suggested by researchers and international health organizations, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the World Health Organization (WHO). However, some criteria still have discrepancies in practice, since they have no definite correct answers. This research describes the dental clinic redesign for COVID-19 control using dental setting design guidelines in both Thailand and foreign countries. The re-designed planning of the clinic was reviewed by dentists, engineers, and physicians. The issue of concern is the cost and the design’s value in the disinfection of facilities. Significant proven methods of disinfection are used in this paper, including functional re-consideration, negative air pressure rooms, filters, Ultra-Violet devices, and ozonators. This research contributes to the literature by providing a functional diagram for dental clinic adjustment in the COVID-19 situation. The 12 air changes per hour (ACH) ventilation combined with management protocol ensures that patients’ safety is a priority and provides a feasible option for adaptation in a developing country such as Thailand. Keywords: Architectural design, COVID-19, Dental clinic, Guideline, Planning
{"title":"Dental Setting Design Guideline Adaptation in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Northern Thailand","authors":"Piyadech Arkarapotiwong, Sumavalee Chindapol","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Criteria for dental clinic design in Thailand are recommended by the Design and Construction Division, Department of Health Service Support, Ministry of Public Health. During the Coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19), there were several procedures regarding dental operations and infection prevention suggested by researchers and international health organizations, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the World Health Organization (WHO). However, some criteria still have discrepancies in practice, since they have no definite correct answers. This research describes the dental clinic redesign for COVID-19 control using dental setting design guidelines in both Thailand and foreign countries. The re-designed planning of the clinic was reviewed by dentists, engineers, and physicians. The issue of concern is the cost and the design’s value in the disinfection of facilities. Significant proven methods of disinfection are used in this paper, including functional re-consideration, negative air pressure rooms, filters, Ultra-Violet devices, and ozonators. This research contributes to the literature by providing a functional diagram for dental clinic adjustment in the COVID-19 situation. The 12 air changes per hour (ACH) ventilation combined with management protocol ensures that patients’ safety is a priority and provides a feasible option for adaptation in a developing country such as Thailand. Keywords: Architectural design, COVID-19, Dental clinic, Guideline, Planning","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42638925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.002
N. Sukkasem, W. Chatuphonprasert, K. Jarukamjorn
Abstract A diet high in fat and/or alcohol is a major cause of fatty liver disease (FLD), which is a common precursor to chronic liver disease. As the pathogenetic mechanisms of FLD remain unclear, an appropriate animal model is critical to problem solving in this field. This study aimed to develop an FLD mouse model using a diet high in fat and/or ethanol. Five-week-old female ICR mice were given free access to a high fat diet (HFD, 60 kcal % fat of total food), or daily intragastrically administered ethanol (E, 0.5 g/kg/day), or a combination of HFD and ethanol (HFD+E). Hepatic histology was observed with oil red O (ORO) staining. Hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and mRNA expression levels of metabolic, antioxidant, and inflammatory genes, i.e. peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha and gamma (Ppar-α and Ppar-γ), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (Srebp-1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acc), fatty acid synthase (Fas), fat cluster of differentiation (Cd-36), catalase (Cat), superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 (Sod1 and Sod2), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), nuclear factor-kappa b (Nf-ĸb), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf-α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (Mcp-1) were determined. HFD+E induced FLD in mice by increasing hepatic TG levels and expression of Acc and Fas metabolic genes and Cd-36 and Mcp-1 inflammatory genes, while simultaneously reducing the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes. These findings confirm that HFD+E is a potent regimen for FLD induction in mice. Keywords: High fat diet, Alcohol, Non-invasive, Antioxidation, Metabolic gene, Inflammatory gene
{"title":"High Fat Diet and Ethanol-Induced Fatty Liver Disease Mouse Model","authors":"N. Sukkasem, W. Chatuphonprasert, K. Jarukamjorn","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A diet high in fat and/or alcohol is a major cause of fatty liver disease (FLD), which is a common precursor to chronic liver disease. As the pathogenetic mechanisms of FLD remain unclear, an appropriate animal model is critical to problem solving in this field. This study aimed to develop an FLD mouse model using a diet high in fat and/or ethanol. Five-week-old female ICR mice were given free access to a high fat diet (HFD, 60 kcal % fat of total food), or daily intragastrically administered ethanol (E, 0.5 g/kg/day), or a combination of HFD and ethanol (HFD+E). Hepatic histology was observed with oil red O (ORO) staining. Hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and mRNA expression levels of metabolic, antioxidant, and inflammatory genes, i.e. peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha and gamma (Ppar-α and Ppar-γ), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (Srebp-1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acc), fatty acid synthase (Fas), fat cluster of differentiation (Cd-36), catalase (Cat), superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 (Sod1 and Sod2), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), nuclear factor-kappa b (Nf-ĸb), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf-α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (Mcp-1) were determined. HFD+E induced FLD in mice by increasing hepatic TG levels and expression of Acc and Fas metabolic genes and Cd-36 and Mcp-1 inflammatory genes, while simultaneously reducing the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes. These findings confirm that HFD+E is a potent regimen for FLD induction in mice. Keywords: High fat diet, Alcohol, Non-invasive, Antioxidation, Metabolic gene, Inflammatory gene","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44958920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.018
P. Siriphimolwat, Watha Minsan, Karnda Mekjaidee
Abstract Iscan’s staging method for age estimation from fourth ribs has been proved to be a potentially useful tool for various populations. However, due to interracial variations, it is necessary to calibrate its’ accuracy in reference to a population of Thai males before it can be applied. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of phasing analyses of sternal ends of fourth ribs developed by Iscan, et al., on a Thai male population. The Iscan’s method was applied to 50 Thai males aged 18 years and above. Staging of sternal ends of the ribs was analyzed based on 3 morphological features: pit depth, pit shape, and rim and wall configurations – designated as components 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and cross-tabulation with Kendall’s Tau-c correlation. It was found that sternal end stages of fourth ribs in each component, inclusive of composite scores, are positively correlated to the age of the individual (P < 0.001). However, Iscan’s result - which was derived from a population of white males - delivers age-underestimation in a Thai population. Hence, we developed a modified age prediction reference table for application to Thai males. Applying cross-tabulation analysis, stages 1 and 2 were found only in individuals who were less than 40 years old, and stages 4 and 5 were found only in the 40 years and above age-group except for 1 case. Keywords: Age estimation, Fourth rib, Iscan’s method, Thai male
{"title":"The Validity of Iscan’s Age Estimation Method applied to the Fourth Rib in a Thai Male population","authors":"P. Siriphimolwat, Watha Minsan, Karnda Mekjaidee","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Iscan’s staging method for age estimation from fourth ribs has been proved to be a potentially useful tool for various populations. However, due to interracial variations, it is necessary to calibrate its’ accuracy in reference to a population of Thai males before it can be applied. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of phasing analyses of sternal ends of fourth ribs developed by Iscan, et al., on a Thai male population. The Iscan’s method was applied to 50 Thai males aged 18 years and above. Staging of sternal ends of the ribs was analyzed based on 3 morphological features: pit depth, pit shape, and rim and wall configurations – designated as components 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and cross-tabulation with Kendall’s Tau-c correlation. It was found that sternal end stages of fourth ribs in each component, inclusive of composite scores, are positively correlated to the age of the individual (P < 0.001). However, Iscan’s result - which was derived from a population of white males - delivers age-underestimation in a Thai population. Hence, we developed a modified age prediction reference table for application to Thai males. Applying cross-tabulation analysis, stages 1 and 2 were found only in individuals who were less than 40 years old, and stages 4 and 5 were found only in the 40 years and above age-group except for 1 case. Keywords: Age estimation, Fourth rib, Iscan’s method, Thai male","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43063448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.005
M. R. Pikoli, Puji Astuti, Festy Auliyaur Rahmah, Arina Findo Sari, N. Solihat
Abstract Microplastics are contaminants in the form of tiny plastic fragments diluted in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Recently, these contaminants have become a concern due to their negative impact on the quality of life of living things. The isolation and examination of microplastic degrading microorganisms' ability from two large mature landfills were conducted. Therefore, this study aims to obtain bacteria and fungi as bioremediation agents that can degrade microplastics. The isolation process was conducted by direct and indirect (enriched) methods. Nutrient agar and potato dextrose agar media were used either in the form of a full or a tenth of a recipe with the addition of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene microplastics. Furthermore, indirect isolation used mineral media treated with the same microplastics. Colony morphology was observed to be the difference among isolates. The isolates were selected based on their ability to produce lipase in butter agar, and their ability to use microplastic as the only carbon source was examined. A total of 211 isolates were obtained, consisting of 74 bacteria and 137 fungi. One-third of the total isolates produced lipase. A bacterial isolate with the highest lipase index identified based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that it was Bacillus paramycoides. The isolate used all three types of microplastics, with the highest ability in polystyrene, which was degraded up to 11.12% in 42 days. In conclusion, microorganisms isolated from the landfill leachate have potential as bioremediation agents that degrade microplastics. Keywords: Bacillus, Bacillus paramycoides, Biodegradation, Bioremediation, Landfill, Leachate, Microplastics, Polystyrene
{"title":"Biodegradation of Microplastics by Microorganisms Isolated from Two Mature Landfill Leachates","authors":"M. R. Pikoli, Puji Astuti, Festy Auliyaur Rahmah, Arina Findo Sari, N. Solihat","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Microplastics are contaminants in the form of tiny plastic fragments diluted in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Recently, these contaminants have become a concern due to their negative impact on the quality of life of living things. The isolation and examination of microplastic degrading microorganisms' ability from two large mature landfills were conducted. Therefore, this study aims to obtain bacteria and fungi as bioremediation agents that can degrade microplastics. The isolation process was conducted by direct and indirect (enriched) methods. Nutrient agar and potato dextrose agar media were used either in the form of a full or a tenth of a recipe with the addition of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene microplastics. Furthermore, indirect isolation used mineral media treated with the same microplastics. Colony morphology was observed to be the difference among isolates. The isolates were selected based on their ability to produce lipase in butter agar, and their ability to use microplastic as the only carbon source was examined. A total of 211 isolates were obtained, consisting of 74 bacteria and 137 fungi. One-third of the total isolates produced lipase. A bacterial isolate with the highest lipase index identified based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that it was Bacillus paramycoides. The isolate used all three types of microplastics, with the highest ability in polystyrene, which was degraded up to 11.12% in 42 days. In conclusion, microorganisms isolated from the landfill leachate have potential as bioremediation agents that degrade microplastics. Keywords: Bacillus, Bacillus paramycoides, Biodegradation, Bioremediation, Landfill, Leachate, Microplastics, Polystyrene","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43086770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.014
Chidchamai Kewcharoenwong, W. Khamduang, Supat Jiranusornkul, Yasir Nazir, S. Pornprasert
Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, international travelling has been altered. Thailand requires a 14-day travel quarantine for travelers entering the country. However, extra self-quarantine might be ordered by the local authorities, so the healthy travelers could be kept isolated and excluded from work or other responsibilities. We reported a male traveler who was unnecessarily quarantined for 30 days since he arrived Thailand. Based on a symptom and an antibody result, we also proposed the promising quarantine decision for international travelers in Thailand. Reducing the length of quarantine may make it easier for people to quarantine by reducing the time they cannot work. A shorter quarantine period also can lessen stress on the public health system, especially when new infections are rapidly rising. Keywords: COVID-19, International travelers, Quarantine decision, Thailand
{"title":"Suggested Quarantine Decision for International Travelers in COVID-19 Situation in Thailand: A Case Report","authors":"Chidchamai Kewcharoenwong, W. Khamduang, Supat Jiranusornkul, Yasir Nazir, S. Pornprasert","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, international travelling has been altered. Thailand requires a 14-day travel quarantine for travelers entering the country. However, extra self-quarantine might be ordered by the local authorities, so the healthy travelers could be kept isolated and excluded from work or other responsibilities. We reported a male traveler who was unnecessarily quarantined for 30 days since he arrived Thailand. Based on a symptom and an antibody result, we also proposed the promising quarantine decision for international travelers in Thailand. Reducing the length of quarantine may make it easier for people to quarantine by reducing the time they cannot work. A shorter quarantine period also can lessen stress on the public health system, especially when new infections are rapidly rising. Keywords: COVID-19, International travelers, Quarantine decision, Thailand","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49304816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.008
W. Wattanutchariya, Kullapop Suttiat
Abstract This study focused on evaluating the Polylactic acid /Polyethylene glycol (PLA/PEG) combining with bone decellularized extracellular matrix (bone dECM) as the alternative biodegradable material for tissue regenerative purposes. The casting membranes of pure PLA, PLA/PEG blend, and PLA/PEG combining with 5, 10 and 20 wt% bone dECM particles were fabricated and the characteristics of surface morphology, surface contact angle, thermal properties, cell viability, in vitro osteogenesis, and in vitro biodegradative behaviors were investigated. The improvement in hydrophilic characteristic was found in the developing composite. Following the in vitro degradation test in PBS/lysozyme for 7, 30, 60 and 90 days, the composite with higher ratio of bone dECM particles showed the higher percentage of material weight loss. However, the statistically significant of material weight alteration was observed only on the PLA/PEG/20wt% bone dECM after degradation test for 90 days (P ≤0.05). All specimens showed the physically intact at the end of the 90-day in vitro hydrolytic degradation test. The metabolic activities of L929 cells were significantly enhanced by the presence of PLA/PEG/bone dECM composites comparing to pure PLA (P ≤ 0.05). The result from Alizarin red S staining confirmed the osteo-inductive property of developing composite. The present study addressed the promising potential of PLA/PEG/bone dECM composites for applying as an alternative biodegradable material in tissue regenerative purpose. Keywords: Biomaterial, Biodegradable Composite, Bone Decellularized Extracellular Matrix, Polylactic Acid
{"title":"Characterization of Polylactic/Polyethylene glycol/Bone Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Biodegradable Composite for Tissue Regeneration","authors":"W. Wattanutchariya, Kullapop Suttiat","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study focused on evaluating the Polylactic acid /Polyethylene glycol (PLA/PEG) combining with bone decellularized extracellular matrix (bone dECM) as the alternative biodegradable material for tissue regenerative purposes. The casting membranes of pure PLA, PLA/PEG blend, and PLA/PEG combining with 5, 10 and 20 wt% bone dECM particles were fabricated and the characteristics of surface morphology, surface contact angle, thermal properties, cell viability, in vitro osteogenesis, and in vitro biodegradative behaviors were investigated. The improvement in hydrophilic characteristic was found in the developing composite. Following the in vitro degradation test in PBS/lysozyme for 7, 30, 60 and 90 days, the composite with higher ratio of bone dECM particles showed the higher percentage of material weight loss. However, the statistically significant of material weight alteration was observed only on the PLA/PEG/20wt% bone dECM after degradation test for 90 days (P ≤0.05). All specimens showed the physically intact at the end of the 90-day in vitro hydrolytic degradation test. The metabolic activities of L929 cells were significantly enhanced by the presence of PLA/PEG/bone dECM composites comparing to pure PLA (P ≤ 0.05). The result from Alizarin red S staining confirmed the osteo-inductive property of developing composite. The present study addressed the promising potential of PLA/PEG/bone dECM composites for applying as an alternative biodegradable material in tissue regenerative purpose. Keywords: Biomaterial, Biodegradable Composite, Bone Decellularized Extracellular Matrix, Polylactic Acid","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49165975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.12982/CMUJNS.2021.073
E. Martínez-Mera, D. García-Paredes, A. Corrales, A. Torregroza-Espinosa
{"title":"Variability of Nitrogen Mineralization from Organic Matter in Agricultural Soils in the North of Colombia","authors":"E. Martínez-Mera, D. García-Paredes, A. Corrales, A. Torregroza-Espinosa","doi":"10.12982/CMUJNS.2021.073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/CMUJNS.2021.073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43288372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2021.085
A. Sopon, J. Kettratad, A. Piumsomboon, G. Kaneko, S. Senarat
Abstract Koh Sichang area in Thailand is a sink for a wide variety of contaminants such as heavily polluted water from industry and oil spills. This situation may affect the health status of fish living in the area, but such information remains scarce. In this study, we evaluated the health status of java rabbitfish Siganus javus, an important marine fish in Koh Sichang, using hematological and histopathological biomarkers. All fish samples were collected from the Koh Sichang area during December 2017 and January 2018. Although the salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen levels at sampling points were all within the normal range, abnormal nuclei were observed in erythrocytes (up to ~6% of all erythrocytes) and in some leucocytes (neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte). Visceral organs (gill, kidney and liver) were apparently normal in terms of gross morphology, but a wide variety of the histopathological alterations were found at the microscopic level: epithelial hyperplasia and aneurysm in gills; blood congestion and melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) in the liver; renal degeneration, granuloma and MMCs together with unidentified parasites in kidney. Calculation of semi-quantitative parameters [histological alteration index (HAI) and the average value of alteration (AVA)] demonstrated the highest frequency of histopathological alterations in kidney, suggesting that kidney is a sensitive organ. Overall, our observations suggest that S. javus in Koh Sichang is under the pathological state and warrants conservation efforts. Keywords: Erythrocytes, Fish Health, Hematology, Histopathology, Kidney
泰国泗昌岛地区是各种污染物的汇合地，如工业和石油泄漏的严重污染水。这种情况可能影响生活在该地区的鱼类的健康状况，但这方面的资料仍然很少。本研究利用血液学和组织病理学生物标志物评价了泗昌岛重要海鱼爪哇兔鱼(Siganus javus)的健康状况。所有鱼类样本均于2017年12月至2018年1月在Koh Sichang地区采集。虽然采样点的盐度、pH值和溶解氧水平均在正常范围内，但红细胞(约占全部红细胞的6%)和部分白细胞(中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞)出现细胞核异常。内脏器官(鳃、肾和肝)大体形态正常，但在显微镜下发现各种组织病理学改变:鳃上皮增生和动脉瘤;血液充血和肝脏中黑色素巨噬细胞中心(MMCs);肾脏变性、肉芽肿、MMCs及不明寄生虫。半定量参数[组织学改变指数(hiological change index, HAI)和平均改变值(average value of change, AVA)]的计算显示，肾脏的组织病理学改变频率最高，提示肾脏是一个敏感器官。总的来说，我们的观察结果表明，在Koh Sichang的爪哇S. javus处于病理状态，值得保护。关键词:红细胞，鱼类健康，血液学，组织病理学，肾脏
{"title":"The Use of Hematological and Histopathological Biomarkers to Assess the Health of Aquatic Ecosystems in Koh Sichang, Thailand","authors":"A. Sopon, J. Kettratad, A. Piumsomboon, G. Kaneko, S. Senarat","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2021.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2021.085","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Koh Sichang area in Thailand is a sink for a wide variety of contaminants such as heavily polluted water from industry and oil spills. This situation may affect the health status of fish living in the area, but such information remains scarce. In this study, we evaluated the health status of java rabbitfish Siganus javus, an important marine fish in Koh Sichang, using hematological and histopathological biomarkers. All fish samples were collected from the Koh Sichang area during December 2017 and January 2018. Although the salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen levels at sampling points were all within the normal range, abnormal nuclei were observed in erythrocytes (up to ~6% of all erythrocytes) and in some leucocytes (neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte). Visceral organs (gill, kidney and liver) were apparently normal in terms of gross morphology, but a wide variety of the histopathological alterations were found at the microscopic level: epithelial hyperplasia and aneurysm in gills; blood congestion and melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) in the liver; renal degeneration, granuloma and MMCs together with unidentified parasites in kidney. Calculation of semi-quantitative parameters [histological alteration index (HAI) and the average value of alteration (AVA)] demonstrated the highest frequency of histopathological alterations in kidney, suggesting that kidney is a sensitive organ. Overall, our observations suggest that S. javus in Koh Sichang is under the pathological state and warrants conservation efforts. Keywords: Erythrocytes, Fish Health, Hematology, Histopathology, Kidney","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42729556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2021.093
Nattagan Chantagith, Natnaree Katkaew, P. Rattanapitigorn
Abstract An extreme vertices design for a mixture of three components was used to establish the proportions of tapioca flour (50% to 100% w/w), soy flour (0% to 50% w/w), and cane sugar (0% to 10% w/w) mass fractions in a food gel bead system. Thus, nine compositions were prepared and analyzed. The pasting profiles of the mixtures were studied using a Rapid Visco Analyzer. The texture profiles of fresh, chilled, and rehydrated freeze-dried gel beads were studied using a texture analyzer. Increasing the proportion of soy flour in the range of 11.25% to 50.00% w/w decreased the peak viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity, and setback of mixed flour. Tapioca flour in the proportion of 81.25% to 100.00% w/w recorded the lowest hardness of fresh gel beads (92.00 to 283.00 g). Soy flour in the proportion of 11.25% to 50.00% w/w exhibited lower texture profiles (hardness, chewiness, and gumminess) than tapioca flour in gel beads for both chilled and rehydrated freeze-dried gel beads. Significant relationships were found among pasting profiles of the flour mixtures and texture profiles of fresh, chilled, and rehydrated freeze-dried gel beads, implying a functional role for soy flour in food gel beads. In conclusion, soy flour can act as an anti-retrogradation agent for the gel beads both in chilled (stored at 4°C for 7 days) and freeze-dried conditions. A small amount of cane sugar does not affect the inhibition of starch retrogradation in the gel bead system. Keywords: Anti-retrogradation, Food gel bead, Pasting profile, Soy flour, Tapioca flour, Texture profiles
{"title":"Pasting Behavior and Viscoelastic Properties of Fresh, Chilled, and Rehydrated Freeze-Dried Gel Beads from Blends of Tapioca Flour, Soy Flour, and Cane Sugar","authors":"Nattagan Chantagith, Natnaree Katkaew, P. Rattanapitigorn","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2021.093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2021.093","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An extreme vertices design for a mixture of three components was used to establish the proportions of tapioca flour (50% to 100% w/w), soy flour (0% to 50% w/w), and cane sugar (0% to 10% w/w) mass fractions in a food gel bead system. Thus, nine compositions were prepared and analyzed. The pasting profiles of the mixtures were studied using a Rapid Visco Analyzer. The texture profiles of fresh, chilled, and rehydrated freeze-dried gel beads were studied using a texture analyzer. Increasing the proportion of soy flour in the range of 11.25% to 50.00% w/w decreased the peak viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity, and setback of mixed flour. Tapioca flour in the proportion of 81.25% to 100.00% w/w recorded the lowest hardness of fresh gel beads (92.00 to 283.00 g). Soy flour in the proportion of 11.25% to 50.00% w/w exhibited lower texture profiles (hardness, chewiness, and gumminess) than tapioca flour in gel beads for both chilled and rehydrated freeze-dried gel beads. Significant relationships were found among pasting profiles of the flour mixtures and texture profiles of fresh, chilled, and rehydrated freeze-dried gel beads, implying a functional role for soy flour in food gel beads. In conclusion, soy flour can act as an anti-retrogradation agent for the gel beads both in chilled (stored at 4°C for 7 days) and freeze-dried conditions. A small amount of cane sugar does not affect the inhibition of starch retrogradation in the gel bead system. Keywords: Anti-retrogradation, Food gel bead, Pasting profile, Soy flour, Tapioca flour, Texture profiles","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48612519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2021.078
L. A. Sheba, Anuradha Venkatraman
Abstract Traditional knowledge and literature studies report that each part of a plant has tremendous medicinal values. Validation of these medicinal plants scientifically is an important criterion for the development of plant-based drugs. Couroupita guianensis (Family: Lecythidaceae) is a plant with immense medicinal properties. To authenticate its biological value, the present investigation aims to standardize the fruit of C. guianensis based on physicochemical characterization, phytochemical analysis both qualitatively and quantitatively, and high-performance thin-layer liquid chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting studies. Fruit pulp of C. guianensis was obtained, processed and extracted with solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and hydroalcohol. Moisture content, total ash, water-soluble ash and acid-insoluble ash values were calculated. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the existence of several secondary metabolites in the extracts. In addition, interpreting peaks obtained from HPTLC analysis revealed the presence of potential bioactive phytoconstituents in all the extracts. The quantitative determination proclaimed that fruit pulp was found to be rich in phenolics and flavonoids followed by tannin and saponin. Further, primary metabolites were quantified and they were found to be abundant in the fruit pulp. Henceforth, the outcome of these results provides information for assessing the quality of the sample that could help in ensuring its therapeutic efficacy. Keywords: Couroupita guianensis, HPTLC, Physicochemical characterization, Phytochemical, Fingerprinting
{"title":"Physicochemical Characterization, Phytochemical and HPTLC Fingerprinting Studies on Fruit of Couroupita Guianensis","authors":"L. A. Sheba, Anuradha Venkatraman","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2021.078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2021.078","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Traditional knowledge and literature studies report that each part of a plant has tremendous medicinal values. Validation of these medicinal plants scientifically is an important criterion for the development of plant-based drugs. Couroupita guianensis (Family: Lecythidaceae) is a plant with immense medicinal properties. To authenticate its biological value, the present investigation aims to standardize the fruit of C. guianensis based on physicochemical characterization, phytochemical analysis both qualitatively and quantitatively, and high-performance thin-layer liquid chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting studies. Fruit pulp of C. guianensis was obtained, processed and extracted with solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and hydroalcohol. Moisture content, total ash, water-soluble ash and acid-insoluble ash values were calculated. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the existence of several secondary metabolites in the extracts. In addition, interpreting peaks obtained from HPTLC analysis revealed the presence of potential bioactive phytoconstituents in all the extracts. The quantitative determination proclaimed that fruit pulp was found to be rich in phenolics and flavonoids followed by tannin and saponin. Further, primary metabolites were quantified and they were found to be abundant in the fruit pulp. Henceforth, the outcome of these results provides information for assessing the quality of the sample that could help in ensuring its therapeutic efficacy. Keywords: Couroupita guianensis, HPTLC, Physicochemical characterization, Phytochemical, Fingerprinting","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45820884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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