Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.066
L. F. M. Samadhi, I. ., I. S. Mukono
Abstract Childhood neurodevelopment could be affected by various factors, such as heavy metal cadmium and copper. The aim of this study was to analyze the scientific evidence published to date on the potential effects on cognitive development in children exposed to cadmium and copper by pooling the results of the different studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of original articles published from January 2012 until December 2020 in PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane which evaluate the effects on cognitive development due to pre or post-natal exposure to cadmium and copper in children. Meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.3 and linear regression techniques were used to estimate the effect size. Publication bias was evaluated by Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Our search resulted in 6 articles that evaluated the effects of cadmium and copper on cognitive development met the inclusion criteria: 4 cadmium, 2 copper, and 1 both. Most studies evaluating cadmium exposure (4 of 5) reported a significant negative effect on cognitive development. Only two studies that evaluated exposure to copper found an association with neurodevelopment. The meta-analysis showed an increase of cadmium levels in urine would be associated with a 1.4 decrease in the full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) (P =0.008) and a 1.03 decrease in verbal scale IQ of children (P =0.006). There were no enough studies of copper exposure to conduct a meta-analysis. Current evidence supports the finding that cadmium exposure has a detrimental effect on cognitive development in children but there is little information on copper. Keywords: Cadmium, Child, Cognitive, Copper, Neurodevelopment
{"title":"Systematic Review-Meta Analysis Study the Effect of Cadmium and Copper Exposure on Children’s Cognitive","authors":"L. F. M. Samadhi, I. ., I. S. Mukono","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.066","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Childhood neurodevelopment could be affected by various factors, such as heavy metal cadmium and copper. The aim of this study was to analyze the scientific evidence published to date on the potential effects on cognitive development in children exposed to cadmium and copper by pooling the results of the different studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of original articles published from January 2012 until December 2020 in PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane which evaluate the effects on cognitive development due to pre or post-natal exposure to cadmium and copper in children. Meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.3 and linear regression techniques were used to estimate the effect size. Publication bias was evaluated by Begg’s and Egger’s tests. Our search resulted in 6 articles that evaluated the effects of cadmium and copper on cognitive development met the inclusion criteria: 4 cadmium, 2 copper, and 1 both. Most studies evaluating cadmium exposure (4 of 5) reported a significant negative effect on cognitive development. Only two studies that evaluated exposure to copper found an association with neurodevelopment. The meta-analysis showed an increase of cadmium levels in urine would be associated with a 1.4 decrease in the full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) (P =0.008) and a 1.03 decrease in verbal scale IQ of children (P =0.006). There were no enough studies of copper exposure to conduct a meta-analysis. Current evidence supports the finding that cadmium exposure has a detrimental effect on cognitive development in children but there is little information on copper. Keywords: Cadmium, Child, Cognitive, Copper, Neurodevelopment","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42298141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.054
Nattanit Boonsong, Kittipong Laosuwan, N. Kitkumthorn, P. Lapthanasupkul, Wacharaporn Thosaporn, A. Iamaroon
Abstract Ameloblastoma is one of the most common odontogenic tumors in Asia. In the past decade, many studies have shown gene mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, especially on an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway. Mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), rat sarcoma virus (RAS), and B-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (BRAF) are able to cause a continuous activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, hence uncontrolled tumor cell proliferation. Due to the ERK1/2 signaling pathway role in cell growth and cell survival, upregulation of this pathway can cause approximately one-third of human tumors including ameloblastoma. After the discovery of gene mutations in several cancers, many inhibitors have been designed to target these mutations. We, here, reviewed the alteration of the FGF-MAPK signaling pathway in ameloblastoma and targeted treatment used as an adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy for ameloblastoma especially in cases where wide surgical resection is needed. Keywords: Genetic, Growth factor, Mutation, Targeted therapy
{"title":"Gene Mutations in the FGF-MAPK Signaling Pathway and Targeted Therapy in Ameloblastoma","authors":"Nattanit Boonsong, Kittipong Laosuwan, N. Kitkumthorn, P. Lapthanasupkul, Wacharaporn Thosaporn, A. Iamaroon","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.054","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ameloblastoma is one of the most common odontogenic tumors in Asia. In the past decade, many studies have shown gene mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, especially on an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway. Mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), rat sarcoma virus (RAS), and B-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (BRAF) are able to cause a continuous activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, hence uncontrolled tumor cell proliferation. Due to the ERK1/2 signaling pathway role in cell growth and cell survival, upregulation of this pathway can cause approximately one-third of human tumors including ameloblastoma. After the discovery of gene mutations in several cancers, many inhibitors have been designed to target these mutations. We, here, reviewed the alteration of the FGF-MAPK signaling pathway in ameloblastoma and targeted treatment used as an adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy for ameloblastoma especially in cases where wide surgical resection is needed. Keywords: Genetic, Growth factor, Mutation, Targeted therapy","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48436877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.051
Maleekee Dengmasa, P. Tongkumchum, Arinda Ma-a-lee
Abstract Land surface temperature (LST) data derived from the satellite is increasingly required to supplement the limited weather stations for assessing temperature trends in Antarctica. This study analyses the LST based on data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard NASA’s satellite length from 2000 to 2019 at a systematic 108 sub-regions. Antarctica was divided into 12 regions, each consisting of 9 sub-regions. A cubic spline model adjusted for seasonal patterns and the autoregressive process adjusted for time series correlation. Change in LST in sub-regions was estimated by fitting the simple linear model, while cycle and acceleration were estimated using cubic spline models. Multivariate regression adjusted for spatial correlation and was used to estimate the LST increase in regions. The seasonal patterns for all 108 sub-regions were found to be quite similar. Out of 108 sub-regions, only 30 had statistically significant decreasing trends. The 12 regions showed that most temperature trends decreased, although only 5 regions were statistically significant. The results for the entire Antarctic continent showed a statistically significant decrease and a 95% confidence interval ranging from -0.668 to -0.068 °C per decade. Keywords: Land surface temperature, MODIS, Cubic spline, Autocorrelations, Spatial correlations
{"title":"Modelling MODIS Land Surface Temperature Change in Antarctica from 2000 to 2019 Using Cubic Spline Model","authors":"Maleekee Dengmasa, P. Tongkumchum, Arinda Ma-a-lee","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.051","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Land surface temperature (LST) data derived from the satellite is increasingly required to supplement the limited weather stations for assessing temperature trends in Antarctica. This study analyses the LST based on data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard NASA’s satellite length from 2000 to 2019 at a systematic 108 sub-regions. Antarctica was divided into 12 regions, each consisting of 9 sub-regions. A cubic spline model adjusted for seasonal patterns and the autoregressive process adjusted for time series correlation. Change in LST in sub-regions was estimated by fitting the simple linear model, while cycle and acceleration were estimated using cubic spline models. Multivariate regression adjusted for spatial correlation and was used to estimate the LST increase in regions. The seasonal patterns for all 108 sub-regions were found to be quite similar. Out of 108 sub-regions, only 30 had statistically significant decreasing trends. The 12 regions showed that most temperature trends decreased, although only 5 regions were statistically significant. The results for the entire Antarctic continent showed a statistically significant decrease and a 95% confidence interval ranging from -0.668 to -0.068 °C per decade. Keywords: Land surface temperature, MODIS, Cubic spline, Autocorrelations, Spatial correlations","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45050568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.058
Kanjana Thana, K. Kamp, Rojanee Chintanawat
Abstract The Caregiver Reaction Assessment Tool (CRAT) is a multidimensional instrument designed to measure caregiver’s experience while caring for elderly people with chronic illnesses in western countries. It is important to quantify the CRAT in traditional Thai society using cross-cultural translation and validate the instrument in measuring Thai informal caregivers who are providing care for elderly people. This study involved the cross-cultural translation process of the scale into Thai and evaluation of its psychometric properties with 354 caregivers of dependent elderly persons in Northern Thailand. Data were collected via paper-pencil surveys between October 2021 and March 2022, also caregivers completed a demographic form. The forward–backward translation, followed by exploratory factor analysis. The content validity index was high (I-CVI range from 0.83-1.00 and S-CVI = 0.90). Three items in the CRAT-Thai version were deleted, the other 21 items appeared to have a similar structure as the original version with five essential subscales: impact on schedule, lack of family support, caregiver’s esteem, impact on finances, and impact on health, explained 62.77% of the variation with all factors loading greater than .40. The internal consistency reliabilities for the items belonging to each subscale were, respectively: 0.85, 0.83, 0.81, 0.81, and 0.83. The Thai version of CRAT presents good evidence of reliability and validity based on internal structure. The further testing with Thai informal caregivers in different region should be made before using in all clinical setting. Keywords: Dependent elderly persons, Caregivers, Psychometric testing, Caregiving reaction
{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Thai version of Caregiver Reaction Assessment Tool among Caregivers who Providing Care for Dependent Elderly Persons","authors":"Kanjana Thana, K. Kamp, Rojanee Chintanawat","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.058","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Caregiver Reaction Assessment Tool (CRAT) is a multidimensional instrument designed to measure caregiver’s experience while caring for elderly people with chronic illnesses in western countries. It is important to quantify the CRAT in traditional Thai society using cross-cultural translation and validate the instrument in measuring Thai informal caregivers who are providing care for elderly people. This study involved the cross-cultural translation process of the scale into Thai and evaluation of its psychometric properties with 354 caregivers of dependent elderly persons in Northern Thailand. Data were collected via paper-pencil surveys between October 2021 and March 2022, also caregivers completed a demographic form. The forward–backward translation, followed by exploratory factor analysis. The content validity index was high (I-CVI range from 0.83-1.00 and S-CVI = 0.90). Three items in the CRAT-Thai version were deleted, the other 21 items appeared to have a similar structure as the original version with five essential subscales: impact on schedule, lack of family support, caregiver’s esteem, impact on finances, and impact on health, explained 62.77% of the variation with all factors loading greater than .40. The internal consistency reliabilities for the items belonging to each subscale were, respectively: 0.85, 0.83, 0.81, 0.81, and 0.83. The Thai version of CRAT presents good evidence of reliability and validity based on internal structure. The further testing with Thai informal caregivers in different region should be made before using in all clinical setting. Keywords: Dependent elderly persons, Caregivers, Psychometric testing, Caregiving reaction","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48051984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.053
Sylvia Anggraeni, M. Umborowati, D. ., A. Endaryanto, C. Prakoeswa
Abstract There are two methods that can be used to detect the causative of allergen that trigger the occurrence of Atopic Dermatitis (AD): skin prick test (SPT) and specific IgE (sIgE). Indonesia has developed SPT using local allergens extract to be used as an allergen diagnostic tool. This study aims to determine the correlation between local SPT from Indonesia and sIgE of mites. As many as 45 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Skin prick test was evaluated twice, one week apart. The first SPT was done with standard SPT, and second SPT with local SPT. The sIgE examination was examined at the second week, after performing SPT with local allergen extracts. The subjects in this study were 18-60 years old and dominated by females (75.56%). The three diagnostic tools used in this study showed the same clinical relevance (68.89%). From the mites sIgE examination, it was found that Tyrophagus putrescentiae was the most common sensitized allergen found in positive mites SPT (57.78%). The results of this showed significant results (P <0.05) and moderate correlation (r = 0.40-0.69) between sIgE class and wheal diameter of local SPT on mites allergen. This study found that local SPT from Indonesia has good clinical relevance and positive correlation with other diagnostic tools that already exist, therefore can be considered as a diagnostic tool for determining the cause of atopic dermatitis in the future. Keywords: Atopic dermatitis, Skin prick test, Specific IgE, Human and disease.
{"title":"Correlation between Skin Prick Test and Specific IgE of Local Mites Allergen in Atopic Dermatitis Patients: an Indonesian Study","authors":"Sylvia Anggraeni, M. Umborowati, D. ., A. Endaryanto, C. Prakoeswa","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.053","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There are two methods that can be used to detect the causative of allergen that trigger the occurrence of Atopic Dermatitis (AD): skin prick test (SPT) and specific IgE (sIgE). Indonesia has developed SPT using local allergens extract to be used as an allergen diagnostic tool. This study aims to determine the correlation between local SPT from Indonesia and sIgE of mites. As many as 45 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Skin prick test was evaluated twice, one week apart. The first SPT was done with standard SPT, and second SPT with local SPT. The sIgE examination was examined at the second week, after performing SPT with local allergen extracts. The subjects in this study were 18-60 years old and dominated by females (75.56%). The three diagnostic tools used in this study showed the same clinical relevance (68.89%). From the mites sIgE examination, it was found that Tyrophagus putrescentiae was the most common sensitized allergen found in positive mites SPT (57.78%). The results of this showed significant results (P <0.05) and moderate correlation (r = 0.40-0.69) between sIgE class and wheal diameter of local SPT on mites allergen. This study found that local SPT from Indonesia has good clinical relevance and positive correlation with other diagnostic tools that already exist, therefore can be considered as a diagnostic tool for determining the cause of atopic dermatitis in the future. Keywords: Atopic dermatitis, Skin prick test, Specific IgE, Human and disease.","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43866534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.057
Sareh Ebrahimi Nokande, S. Razavi, M. Mohammadian
Abstract Urban wastewater (UWW) and industrial wastewater (IWW) release lots of heavy metals into the environment, leading to various risks regarding agricultural production, food quality, human and animal health, and environmental safety. Phytoremediation is known as one of the best and most affordable strategies to eliminate or reduce heavy metals in different environments. This study examined the phytoremediation ability of three plant species (Cyperus alternifolius, Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty, and Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f) to absorb heavy metals of Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Mg from the contaminated soil with UWW and IWW for 14 months. The result showed that all three examined plants reduced heavy metal pollution of the soil using the phytostabilization method. The metal accumulation index (MAI) of the root in V. zizanioides was higher than C. alternifolius and A. vera. While MAI of the shoot in A. vera was higher than C. zizanioides and C. alternifolius. Based on the results, it is suggested to cultivate C. zizanioides and A. vera in the polluted areas to decrease the amount of soil contaminants and create a green belt. Keywords: Heavy metal, Industrial and urban wastewater, Metal accumulation index, Phytoremediation, Phytostabilization
{"title":"The Capacity of Heavy Metal Remediation by Cyperus alternifolius, Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty, and Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. under Industrial and Urban Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Sareh Ebrahimi Nokande, S. Razavi, M. Mohammadian","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Urban wastewater (UWW) and industrial wastewater (IWW) release lots of heavy metals into the environment, leading to various risks regarding agricultural production, food quality, human and animal health, and environmental safety. Phytoremediation is known as one of the best and most affordable strategies to eliminate or reduce heavy metals in different environments. This study examined the phytoremediation ability of three plant species (Cyperus alternifolius, Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty, and Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f) to absorb heavy metals of Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Mg from the contaminated soil with UWW and IWW for 14 months. The result showed that all three examined plants reduced heavy metal pollution of the soil using the phytostabilization method. The metal accumulation index (MAI) of the root in V. zizanioides was higher than C. alternifolius and A. vera. While MAI of the shoot in A. vera was higher than C. zizanioides and C. alternifolius. Based on the results, it is suggested to cultivate C. zizanioides and A. vera in the polluted areas to decrease the amount of soil contaminants and create a green belt. Keywords: Heavy metal, Industrial and urban wastewater, Metal accumulation index, Phytoremediation, Phytostabilization","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42584103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.065
Irfan Saleem, Z. Ali, A. Hussain
Abstract Hairdressing activities release indoor air pollutants which are hazardous for human health. The present study was, therefore, conducted to determine indoor air pollutants exposure in hair salons of Lahore. The study period was from August to September 2019. Four hair salons were selected for sampling the indoor air pollutants during working hours and before it. Total working employees, working area, clients per day and ventilation facilities were noted on a designed proforma. The parameters of indoor air pollutants included volatile organic compounds (VOCs), coarse particulate matter (PM10), ozone (O3), carbon dioxide (CO2), relative humidity (RH%) and temperature (°C). PM10 was monitored through DustTrak aerosol monitors (model 8520, TSI Inc.). Similarly, VOCs, O3, RH% and temperature were measured through a portable aeroqual series 500 after using relevant sensors. The sampling period for all pollutants were 8-hours. The concentration levels of VOCs, O3 and PM10 were higher during working hours as compared to the before. Only the level of in all selected hair salons was above the recommended exposure limits (> 0.20-0.50 ppm). The ventilation system was insufficient. Indoor air pollutants exposure level in hair salons was higher during working hours as compared to the before. However, all pollutants were within the prescribed exposure limits except VOCs. Uses of less hazardous chemical products, regular biological monitoring, and proper ventilation system along with large sample size of hair salons are recommended for further studies. Keywords: Particulate matter, Environmental pollutants, Volatile organic compounds, Ozone, Carbon dioxide
{"title":"Assessment of Indoor Air Pollutants Exposure in Hair Salons of Lahore","authors":"Irfan Saleem, Z. Ali, A. Hussain","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.065","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hairdressing activities release indoor air pollutants which are hazardous for human health. The present study was, therefore, conducted to determine indoor air pollutants exposure in hair salons of Lahore. The study period was from August to September 2019. Four hair salons were selected for sampling the indoor air pollutants during working hours and before it. Total working employees, working area, clients per day and ventilation facilities were noted on a designed proforma. The parameters of indoor air pollutants included volatile organic compounds (VOCs), coarse particulate matter (PM10), ozone (O3), carbon dioxide (CO2), relative humidity (RH%) and temperature (°C). PM10 was monitored through DustTrak aerosol monitors (model 8520, TSI Inc.). Similarly, VOCs, O3, RH% and temperature were measured through a portable aeroqual series 500 after using relevant sensors. The sampling period for all pollutants were 8-hours. The concentration levels of VOCs, O3 and PM10 were higher during working hours as compared to the before. Only the level of in all selected hair salons was above the recommended exposure limits (> 0.20-0.50 ppm). The ventilation system was insufficient. Indoor air pollutants exposure level in hair salons was higher during working hours as compared to the before. However, all pollutants were within the prescribed exposure limits except VOCs. Uses of less hazardous chemical products, regular biological monitoring, and proper ventilation system along with large sample size of hair salons are recommended for further studies. Keywords: Particulate matter, Environmental pollutants, Volatile organic compounds, Ozone, Carbon dioxide","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46577695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.061
Pratchaya Wisutthithada, Thanathida Sirilueangtrakul, Ponkit Suwannapong, Rutjapong Nongmak, P. Khamnoi, T. Sastraruji, S. Sookkhee
Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the influence of clavulanic acid on the spectrum intensity of Extended Spectrum β- Lactamase (ESBL) indicative spectra in the nosocomial urinary tract infected Escherichia coli. Two hundred nosocomial urinary tract infected E. coli isolates collected between 2017-2019 were recruited. Their antibiotic susceptibilities and ESBL productions were then determined. The effect of clavulanic acid contained in amoxicillin-clavulanic acid towards the change of spectra intensity after being exposed was also determined to identify their ESBL indicative spectra. Results revealed that these nosocomial isolates exhibited a low percent resistance after being tested to piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, doripenem, and gentamicin. VITEK® MS analysis demonstrated five E. coli species-specific spectra including 4363, 5097, 5381, 6255, and 9065 Dalton. After exposure to ceftazidime alone, and co-exposure to ceftazidime and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, six ceftazidime-susceptible, and five ceftazidime-stress spectra, 5381, 6412, 7870, 8876,10139 and 10301 Dalton and 3578, 6226, 6316, 7274, and 8370 Dalton were significantly detected, respectively. Whereas two ceftazidime-resistant spectra, 4613 and 9715 Dalton, exhibited a significantly decreased intensity after determined in the high ESBL producing group after co-exposure to ceftazidime and clavulanic acid, respectively. In conclusion, an ESBL inhibitor or clavulanic acid could significantly decrease the spectrum intensity of two spectra 4613 and 9715 Dalton after being co-exposed to ceftazidime and clavulanic acid and these spectra were suspected as ESBL indicative spectra in the high ESBL producing nosocomial E. coli isolates. Keywords: Extended spectrum β- Lactamase indicative spectra, clavulanic acid exposure, nosocomial urinary tract infection, Escherichia coli, VITEK® MS
{"title":"The Decrease in Spectrum Intensity of ESBL Spectra after Exposure to Clavulanic Acid in Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infected Escherichia coli Analysed by VITEK® MS","authors":"Pratchaya Wisutthithada, Thanathida Sirilueangtrakul, Ponkit Suwannapong, Rutjapong Nongmak, P. Khamnoi, T. Sastraruji, S. Sookkhee","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.061","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the influence of clavulanic acid on the spectrum intensity of Extended Spectrum β- Lactamase (ESBL) indicative spectra in the nosocomial urinary tract infected Escherichia coli. Two hundred nosocomial urinary tract infected E. coli isolates collected between 2017-2019 were recruited. Their antibiotic susceptibilities and ESBL productions were then determined. The effect of clavulanic acid contained in amoxicillin-clavulanic acid towards the change of spectra intensity after being exposed was also determined to identify their ESBL indicative spectra. Results revealed that these nosocomial isolates exhibited a low percent resistance after being tested to piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, doripenem, and gentamicin. VITEK® MS analysis demonstrated five E. coli species-specific spectra including 4363, 5097, 5381, 6255, and 9065 Dalton. After exposure to ceftazidime alone, and co-exposure to ceftazidime and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, six ceftazidime-susceptible, and five ceftazidime-stress spectra, 5381, 6412, 7870, 8876,10139 and 10301 Dalton and 3578, 6226, 6316, 7274, and 8370 Dalton were significantly detected, respectively. Whereas two ceftazidime-resistant spectra, 4613 and 9715 Dalton, exhibited a significantly decreased intensity after determined in the high ESBL producing group after co-exposure to ceftazidime and clavulanic acid, respectively. In conclusion, an ESBL inhibitor or clavulanic acid could significantly decrease the spectrum intensity of two spectra 4613 and 9715 Dalton after being co-exposed to ceftazidime and clavulanic acid and these spectra were suspected as ESBL indicative spectra in the high ESBL producing nosocomial E. coli isolates. Keywords: Extended spectrum β- Lactamase indicative spectra, clavulanic acid exposure, nosocomial urinary tract infection, Escherichia coli, VITEK® MS","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45833011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.052
Mingxing Li, Patipat Kamdenlek, P. Kuntanawat, Komgrit Eawsakul, T. Porntaveetus, T. Osathanon, C. Manaspon
Abstract The phycocyanin (PC) in the crude extract is one of the main active compounds that has significant anti-inflammatory properties and the potential to treat gingival inflammation, the common oral disease. This work reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan/pluronic F-127 hydrogels entrapping the crude extracts of PC from Arthrospira platensis (C005H and C005L) as a local drug delivery system aiming to prolong PC release for the treatment of gingivitis. The results showed that the total phenolic content (TPC) values of the crude extracts were in the range of 2 to 5 μg GAE/100g and presented above 85% inhibition in the protein denaturation test and over 65% using a lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition test. The hydrogels incorporating the crude extracts from C005H and C005L were perfectly prepared via the electrostatic interaction between chitosan and pluronic F-127 with very high encapsulation efficiency. The crude extracts of PC C005H and C005L were released over 70% from the loaded hydrogel within 6 hours under artificial saliva conditions. The anti-inflammatory activity of the released supernatant from the hydrogels after 6 hours was around 32-47% by LOX inhibition. The hydrogel vehicles and loaded-hydrogels did not show any cytotoxic effects against mouse fibroblast cell lines (L929) and human gingival fibroblast cells. Our current work shows that the crude extract PC-loaded chitosan/pluronic F-127 hydrogel is biocompatibility with human cells and shows prolonged crude extract release properties, suggesting it as an alternative treatment approach for gingivitis. Keywords: Phycocyanin, Gingivitis, Hydrogel, Chitosan, Pluronic F-127
{"title":"In Vitro Preparation and Evaluation of Chitosan/Pluronic F-127 Hydrogel as a Local Delivery of Crude Extract of Phycocyanin for Treating Gingivitis","authors":"Mingxing Li, Patipat Kamdenlek, P. Kuntanawat, Komgrit Eawsakul, T. Porntaveetus, T. Osathanon, C. Manaspon","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.052","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The phycocyanin (PC) in the crude extract is one of the main active compounds that has significant anti-inflammatory properties and the potential to treat gingival inflammation, the common oral disease. This work reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan/pluronic F-127 hydrogels entrapping the crude extracts of PC from Arthrospira platensis (C005H and C005L) as a local drug delivery system aiming to prolong PC release for the treatment of gingivitis. The results showed that the total phenolic content (TPC) values of the crude extracts were in the range of 2 to 5 μg GAE/100g and presented above 85% inhibition in the protein denaturation test and over 65% using a lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition test. The hydrogels incorporating the crude extracts from C005H and C005L were perfectly prepared via the electrostatic interaction between chitosan and pluronic F-127 with very high encapsulation efficiency. The crude extracts of PC C005H and C005L were released over 70% from the loaded hydrogel within 6 hours under artificial saliva conditions. The anti-inflammatory activity of the released supernatant from the hydrogels after 6 hours was around 32-47% by LOX inhibition. The hydrogel vehicles and loaded-hydrogels did not show any cytotoxic effects against mouse fibroblast cell lines (L929) and human gingival fibroblast cells. Our current work shows that the crude extract PC-loaded chitosan/pluronic F-127 hydrogel is biocompatibility with human cells and shows prolonged crude extract release properties, suggesting it as an alternative treatment approach for gingivitis. Keywords: Phycocyanin, Gingivitis, Hydrogel, Chitosan, Pluronic F-127","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49206357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.056
T. Wirjantoro, A. Phianmongkhol, Thipwimon Potivas, Yuwaporn Na Chiangmai
Abstract This study was aimed to investigate the effect of raw milk qualities on their corresponding pasteurized milk stored at different chilled temperatures. Raw milk collected from two different sources, Banhong (BH) milk farm and Mae Tha (MT) collection center, were pasteurized at 78 ± 2ºC for 30 s and kept for 21 days at 4-8ºC. During the storage period, representatives of milk treatments were assessed for their chemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics. Collected data revealed that there was only minor alteration for the chemical properties of pasteurized milk throughout the studied storage period. The microorganism numbers in the pasteurized milk were significantly increased during storage and higher at higher storage temperatures. Poorer microbial quality of raw milk, including thermoduric bacteria, strongly contributed to higher microbial load of the correspondence pasteurized milk during chilled storage. The coliform number of all the pasteurized milk samples was found to be below 1 cfu/ml during 21 days of storage, while no Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus was detected in the pasteurized milk samples. The appraisal of the sensory features of pasteurized milk, including color, flavor, odor, creamy taste, texture and overall acceptance, were gradually decreased with longer storage period. Keywords: Pasteurized milk, Storage temperatures, Raw milk, Microbial quality, Chemical properties
{"title":"The Impact of Raw Milk Quality, particularly Thermoduric, and Storage Temperatures on the Keeping Quality of Pasteurized Milk","authors":"T. Wirjantoro, A. Phianmongkhol, Thipwimon Potivas, Yuwaporn Na Chiangmai","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.056","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was aimed to investigate the effect of raw milk qualities on their corresponding pasteurized milk stored at different chilled temperatures. Raw milk collected from two different sources, Banhong (BH) milk farm and Mae Tha (MT) collection center, were pasteurized at 78 ± 2ºC for 30 s and kept for 21 days at 4-8ºC. During the storage period, representatives of milk treatments were assessed for their chemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics. Collected data revealed that there was only minor alteration for the chemical properties of pasteurized milk throughout the studied storage period. The microorganism numbers in the pasteurized milk were significantly increased during storage and higher at higher storage temperatures. Poorer microbial quality of raw milk, including thermoduric bacteria, strongly contributed to higher microbial load of the correspondence pasteurized milk during chilled storage. The coliform number of all the pasteurized milk samples was found to be below 1 cfu/ml during 21 days of storage, while no Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus was detected in the pasteurized milk samples. The appraisal of the sensory features of pasteurized milk, including color, flavor, odor, creamy taste, texture and overall acceptance, were gradually decreased with longer storage period. Keywords: Pasteurized milk, Storage temperatures, Raw milk, Microbial quality, Chemical properties","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43990057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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