Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.036
Nadya Meta Harlinda, Sundari Indah Wiyasihati, Nila Kurniasari, Kristanti Wanito Wigati
Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is classified into ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It is chronic inflammation of gastrointestinal tract and idiopathic disease. Sugar is proved to be risk factor for IBD. Calorie restriction is a nutrition intervention to reduce energy intake and can reduce chronic desease. This study aims to determine the difference in the effect of a high-calorie diet and calorie restriction on intestinal inflammation. Eight-week-old healthy female Balb/c mice were divided into two groups. The high calorie (HC) group was fed standard diet plus oral gavage of glucose solution every day for 4 weeks. The dose of glucose solution was 0.0325 ml/gBW or 3-5% additional calories each day. The calorie restriction (CR) group had their calorie intake restricted to 50% of standard diet 3 times a week. After 4 weeks of treatment, the mice had their colon removed. The assessment of the intestinal inflammation was carried out using a light microscope, with a scoring system by Erben et al (2014) in HE staining. The mean score of the HC group was 1.22, this was higher than the CR group with a mean score of 1.18 even tough the result revealed that the scores of intestinal inflammation were not significantly different in the two groups (P = 0.827). However, there is no evidence for the underlying mechanism of intestinal inflammation by high-calorie diet and improvement of intestinal inflammation in high-calorie diet via calorie restriction. Thus, further research is needed on other calorie restriction methods in high-calorie diet study. Keywords: High calorie diet, Calorie restriction, Intestinal inflammation
{"title":"Effect of Calorie Restriction on Intestinal Inflammation in Mice Treated with a High-Calorie Diet","authors":"Nadya Meta Harlinda, Sundari Indah Wiyasihati, Nila Kurniasari, Kristanti Wanito Wigati","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is classified into ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It is chronic inflammation of gastrointestinal tract and idiopathic disease. Sugar is proved to be risk factor for IBD. Calorie restriction is a nutrition intervention to reduce energy intake and can reduce chronic desease. This study aims to determine the difference in the effect of a high-calorie diet and calorie restriction on intestinal inflammation. Eight-week-old healthy female Balb/c mice were divided into two groups. The high calorie (HC) group was fed standard diet plus oral gavage of glucose solution every day for 4 weeks. The dose of glucose solution was 0.0325 ml/gBW or 3-5% additional calories each day. The calorie restriction (CR) group had their calorie intake restricted to 50% of standard diet 3 times a week. After 4 weeks of treatment, the mice had their colon removed. The assessment of the intestinal inflammation was carried out using a light microscope, with a scoring system by Erben et al (2014) in HE staining. The mean score of the HC group was 1.22, this was higher than the CR group with a mean score of 1.18 even tough the result revealed that the scores of intestinal inflammation were not significantly different in the two groups (P = 0.827). However, there is no evidence for the underlying mechanism of intestinal inflammation by high-calorie diet and improvement of intestinal inflammation in high-calorie diet via calorie restriction. Thus, further research is needed on other calorie restriction methods in high-calorie diet study. Keywords: High calorie diet, Calorie restriction, Intestinal inflammation","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42119964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Stroke is a leading cause of death in Thailand. However, there are varying numbers of regional stroke patients. This study aims to report the ranking of stroke as the cause of death in Northern Thai cadavers and to investigate the brains of stroke victim cadavers. A retrograde study was used to obtain data about cadavers and gross examinations were performed on the brains of the stroke victim cadavers housed in the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University in the years 2019-2020. The results showed that death from stroke among the cadavers in the Northern Thailand increased during 2016-2018. Stroke was ranked as the fourth and fifth leading cause of death. The stroke victims were primarily aged over 60 years. The incidence of stroke in males was significantly higher than that of females. Approximately 92.7% of total stroke brains were the intracerebral hemorrhagic type stroke. About 41.7% of the intracerebral hemorrhagic brains had occurred with intraventricular hemorrhage and 16.7% of those occurred with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The hemorrhagic sizes varied from 5.66 to 260.43 ml. The territories of the cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery were the most common hemorrhages, making up 22.9% of total vascular territories. In conclusion, stroke was the fourth and fifth leading cause of death in the self-donated population in the Northern Thailand. Intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke was the main cause the death. Additionally, the vascular territories of the stroke might be related to the likelihood of death. Keywords: Stroke, Cerebrovascular disease, Cadavers, Intracerebral hemorrhage, Northern Thailand
{"title":"Incidence of Death from Stroke and Brains of Stroke Victim Cadavers in Northern Thailand","authors":"Pornnarez Thaweekhotr, Chanida Thongsopha, Surut Tanprawate, P. Sudwan, Kanokkan Bumroongkit, Kewalee Seeharach, Chatchadaporn Jaiyen, Ranida Quiggins","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Stroke is a leading cause of death in Thailand. However, there are varying numbers of regional stroke patients. This study aims to report the ranking of stroke as the cause of death in Northern Thai cadavers and to investigate the brains of stroke victim cadavers. A retrograde study was used to obtain data about cadavers and gross examinations were performed on the brains of the stroke victim cadavers housed in the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University in the years 2019-2020. The results showed that death from stroke among the cadavers in the Northern Thailand increased during 2016-2018. Stroke was ranked as the fourth and fifth leading cause of death. The stroke victims were primarily aged over 60 years. The incidence of stroke in males was significantly higher than that of females. Approximately 92.7% of total stroke brains were the intracerebral hemorrhagic type stroke. About 41.7% of the intracerebral hemorrhagic brains had occurred with intraventricular hemorrhage and 16.7% of those occurred with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The hemorrhagic sizes varied from 5.66 to 260.43 ml. The territories of the cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery were the most common hemorrhages, making up 22.9% of total vascular territories. In conclusion, stroke was the fourth and fifth leading cause of death in the self-donated population in the Northern Thailand. Intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke was the main cause the death. Additionally, the vascular territories of the stroke might be related to the likelihood of death. Keywords: Stroke, Cerebrovascular disease, Cadavers, Intracerebral hemorrhage, Northern Thailand","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44990828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.022
Muhammad Chair Effendi, Fredy Mardiyantoro, N. K. Firani, A. Taufiq, Ibnu Putra Nugraha
Abstract Inflammation is a phase of the wound healing process that occurs after tooth extraction which is influenced by the immune system. Lymphocytes are one type of cell in the immune system that have an important role in the inflammation process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Pangasius djambal gelatin treatment on the enhancing lymphocyte cell count after tooth extraction in Rattus norvegicus. In this study, the in vivo true experimental laboratories with a post-test group design was maintained. In this study, we performed 3 control groups without treatment by the Pangasius djambal gelatin and 3 treatment groups with 100 mg/mL Pangasius djambal gelatin on the post-extraction wound of the mandibular left lateral incisor of Rattus norvegicus. Each group consists of 5 rats. The lymphocyte cells count in the tooth socket tissue was evaluated on days 3, 5, and 7. The control groups' lymphocyte cells count decreased significantly from 32 to 17.2 from day 3 to day 7. Interestingly, the lymphocyte cells of treatment groups increased from 92.2 to 114.6 from day 3 to day 7. Furthermore, a very strong positive correlation between the observation time and lymphocyte cell count was observed in this work (r = 0.838; very strong). Therefore, the Pangasius djambal gelatin opens new potency to increase the lymphocyte cells count after tooth extraction. Keywords: Pangasius djambal fish, Lymphocytes, Tooth extraction, Intraperitoneal anesthesia
{"title":"The Effect of Pangasius Djambal Gelatin Treatment on the Lymphocyte Cells after Tooth Extraction","authors":"Muhammad Chair Effendi, Fredy Mardiyantoro, N. K. Firani, A. Taufiq, Ibnu Putra Nugraha","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Inflammation is a phase of the wound healing process that occurs after tooth extraction which is influenced by the immune system. Lymphocytes are one type of cell in the immune system that have an important role in the inflammation process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Pangasius djambal gelatin treatment on the enhancing lymphocyte cell count after tooth extraction in Rattus norvegicus. In this study, the in vivo true experimental laboratories with a post-test group design was maintained. In this study, we performed 3 control groups without treatment by the Pangasius djambal gelatin and 3 treatment groups with 100 mg/mL Pangasius djambal gelatin on the post-extraction wound of the mandibular left lateral incisor of Rattus norvegicus. Each group consists of 5 rats. The lymphocyte cells count in the tooth socket tissue was evaluated on days 3, 5, and 7. The control groups' lymphocyte cells count decreased significantly from 32 to 17.2 from day 3 to day 7. Interestingly, the lymphocyte cells of treatment groups increased from 92.2 to 114.6 from day 3 to day 7. Furthermore, a very strong positive correlation between the observation time and lymphocyte cell count was observed in this work (r = 0.838; very strong). Therefore, the Pangasius djambal gelatin opens new potency to increase the lymphocyte cells count after tooth extraction. Keywords: Pangasius djambal fish, Lymphocytes, Tooth extraction, Intraperitoneal anesthesia","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49612307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.030
Kyuho Lee, P. Wangpakapattanawong, Watit Khokthong
Abstract Protected areas have been developed in Thailand to conserve the natural environment required for wildlife and human beings, and to prevent disasters. It is necessary to address doubts about effectiveness of protected areas because regulations have been changed or are ignored in some communities and regions, especially in Chiang Mai province, which is facing the loss of natural forest areas under area transformations. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of forest protected areas. To do this, this study focused on analyzing multi-year land cover changes in Chiang Mai over two decades (1995-2015) with four land cover types: forest, agriculture, urban, and water bodies, inside and outside protected areas. The results suggest that the establishment of forest protected areas assisted to curtail urban expansion compared to non-protected areas. The protected areas effectively kept the number of divided forest patches small, and the forest patches were larger than in non-protected areas. We detected clearing of forests in protected areas, where they were transformed into agricultural areas. However, agricultural patches in protected areas were smaller and in higher densities than in non-protected areas. We conclude that the main contribution of forest cover loss in Chiang Mai is transition to agricultural areas, and that designated national parks and wildlife sanctuaries could help to effectively conserve such forest areas. Keywords: Land cover change, Land transformation, Protected areas, Non-protected areas, Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
{"title":"Evaluating Forest Cover Changes in Protected Areas Using Geospatial Analysis in Chiang Mai, Thailand","authors":"Kyuho Lee, P. Wangpakapattanawong, Watit Khokthong","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Protected areas have been developed in Thailand to conserve the natural environment required for wildlife and human beings, and to prevent disasters. It is necessary to address doubts about effectiveness of protected areas because regulations have been changed or are ignored in some communities and regions, especially in Chiang Mai province, which is facing the loss of natural forest areas under area transformations. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of forest protected areas. To do this, this study focused on analyzing multi-year land cover changes in Chiang Mai over two decades (1995-2015) with four land cover types: forest, agriculture, urban, and water bodies, inside and outside protected areas. The results suggest that the establishment of forest protected areas assisted to curtail urban expansion compared to non-protected areas. The protected areas effectively kept the number of divided forest patches small, and the forest patches were larger than in non-protected areas. We detected clearing of forests in protected areas, where they were transformed into agricultural areas. However, agricultural patches in protected areas were smaller and in higher densities than in non-protected areas. We conclude that the main contribution of forest cover loss in Chiang Mai is transition to agricultural areas, and that designated national parks and wildlife sanctuaries could help to effectively conserve such forest areas. Keywords: Land cover change, Land transformation, Protected areas, Non-protected areas, Geographic Information Systems (GIS)","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42810947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.029
A. Apichartsrangkoon, Autchara Tiampakdee, Warangkana Tameeya, D. Kreungngern, Siriwan Srisajjalertwaja, Wissanee Supraditareporn
Abstract Sesame and perilla seeds were analyzed for fat, protein, moisture and ash. Their mineral contents, lignan, γ-tocopherol and fatty acid profiles were also determined. The results showed that sesame seeds had higher protein, lipid and mineral contents but lower fiber contents than perilla seeds, accounting for 17.38-20.76%, 42.70-46.18%, 3.07-6.47%, 18.00-21.88%, respectively. Major minerals in the seed were 0.26-0.95% calcium and 0.11-0.23% magnesium. Perilla oil showed lower pH than sesame oil giving it higher acid value. Most lignans were more concentrated in sesame than perilla. Sesamin was the predominant lignin, followed by sesamolin. The sesamin and sesamolin contents in sesame were ranged for 148.30-183.68 mg/100g and 33.96-43.54 mg/100g, respectively. Although black sesame oil had low content of sesamin and sesamolin, it performed high physiological functions due to its high contents of γ-tocopherol and unsaturated fatty acid. Gamma tocopherol of the oils was ranged from 35.81 to 51.64 mg/100g, and perilla oil showed the highest γ-tocopherol content. Fatty acid profiles revealed that the major fatty acids in sesame oils were 44.43-47.21% linoleic followed by 36.40-38.39% oleic, 7.07-9.64% palmitic and 5.09-7.72% stearic acids, giving them high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA). White sesame oil had higher linoleic acid but lower oleic acid than other sesame oils. Perilla oil contained high amounts of 55.27% α-linolenic followed by 19.75% linoleic, 12.70% oleic and 7.38% plamitic acids, giving it high PUFA, but low SFA and MUFA. Keywords: Chemical composition, Minerals, Fatty acid profiles, Lignans, Gamma-tocopherol
{"title":"Comparison of Phytochemicals in Sesame and Perilla (Seeds and Oils) Grown at Mae Hong Son Thailand","authors":"A. Apichartsrangkoon, Autchara Tiampakdee, Warangkana Tameeya, D. Kreungngern, Siriwan Srisajjalertwaja, Wissanee Supraditareporn","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sesame and perilla seeds were analyzed for fat, protein, moisture and ash. Their mineral contents, lignan, γ-tocopherol and fatty acid profiles were also determined. The results showed that sesame seeds had higher protein, lipid and mineral contents but lower fiber contents than perilla seeds, accounting for 17.38-20.76%, 42.70-46.18%, 3.07-6.47%, 18.00-21.88%, respectively. Major minerals in the seed were 0.26-0.95% calcium and 0.11-0.23% magnesium. Perilla oil showed lower pH than sesame oil giving it higher acid value. Most lignans were more concentrated in sesame than perilla. Sesamin was the predominant lignin, followed by sesamolin. The sesamin and sesamolin contents in sesame were ranged for 148.30-183.68 mg/100g and 33.96-43.54 mg/100g, respectively. Although black sesame oil had low content of sesamin and sesamolin, it performed high physiological functions due to its high contents of γ-tocopherol and unsaturated fatty acid. Gamma tocopherol of the oils was ranged from 35.81 to 51.64 mg/100g, and perilla oil showed the highest γ-tocopherol content. Fatty acid profiles revealed that the major fatty acids in sesame oils were 44.43-47.21% linoleic followed by 36.40-38.39% oleic, 7.07-9.64% palmitic and 5.09-7.72% stearic acids, giving them high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA). White sesame oil had higher linoleic acid but lower oleic acid than other sesame oils. Perilla oil contained high amounts of 55.27% α-linolenic followed by 19.75% linoleic, 12.70% oleic and 7.38% plamitic acids, giving it high PUFA, but low SFA and MUFA. Keywords: Chemical composition, Minerals, Fatty acid profiles, Lignans, Gamma-tocopherol","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44013610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.025
Titania Arfinisa Kirana, B. Purwanto, Wahyul Anis
Abstract In 2020, more than 70% of vaginal discharge complaints were pathological among Indonesian adolescent girls. Analyzing of the risk factors for pathological vaginal discharge could be the first step in leukorrhea prevention. The level of physical activity and vaginal hygiene behavior were factors potentially associate to the event of pathological leukorrhea. It was uncertain whether the level of physical activity or vaginal hygiene behavior be the risk factor of pathological leukorrhea. This study was aimed to investigate the main risk factor of pathological leukorrhea among female who are active in sports. This study was cross-sectional design among 70 students of Sport Program in Surabaya. The subject was randomly obtained and characterized for the level of physical activity and vaginal hygiene behavior, such as the frequency of panties replacement, panties material, urinary hygiene, vaginal soap/antiseptic, and panty liners utilization. The relationship was determined using Chi-square test. The relationship found between the event of pathological leukorrhea only with urinary hygiene (p-value 0.007). Pathological leukorrhea found mostly among female who wipe vulva from rear to fore after urinary. The level of physical activity and other vaginal hygiene did not associate to pathological leukorrhea event among female in Sports Program. Vaginal hygiene, but not physical activity level associate to the event of pathological leukorrhea among female students. Keywords: Leukorrhea, Vaginal hygiene, Urinary, Physical Activity
{"title":"Vaginal Hygiene, but not Physical Activity Level Associate to the Event of Pathological Leukorrhea among Female Students of Sport Program","authors":"Titania Arfinisa Kirana, B. Purwanto, Wahyul Anis","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 2020, more than 70% of vaginal discharge complaints were pathological among Indonesian adolescent girls. Analyzing of the risk factors for pathological vaginal discharge could be the first step in leukorrhea prevention. The level of physical activity and vaginal hygiene behavior were factors potentially associate to the event of pathological leukorrhea. It was uncertain whether the level of physical activity or vaginal hygiene behavior be the risk factor of pathological leukorrhea. This study was aimed to investigate the main risk factor of pathological leukorrhea among female who are active in sports. This study was cross-sectional design among 70 students of Sport Program in Surabaya. The subject was randomly obtained and characterized for the level of physical activity and vaginal hygiene behavior, such as the frequency of panties replacement, panties material, urinary hygiene, vaginal soap/antiseptic, and panty liners utilization. The relationship was determined using Chi-square test. The relationship found between the event of pathological leukorrhea only with urinary hygiene (p-value 0.007). Pathological leukorrhea found mostly among female who wipe vulva from rear to fore after urinary. The level of physical activity and other vaginal hygiene did not associate to pathological leukorrhea event among female in Sports Program. Vaginal hygiene, but not physical activity level associate to the event of pathological leukorrhea among female students. Keywords: Leukorrhea, Vaginal hygiene, Urinary, Physical Activity","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49458010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.032
M. Isra, D. Andrianto, R. Setiarto
Abstract Microwave heat treatment is one of the most widely used starch physical modification techniques in analyzing the increase in resistant starch levels in foodstuffs. However, this technique has varying effects on each type of high-carbohydrate food. This study aims to analyze the type of carbohydrate food that significantly increases the levels of resistant starch and prebiotic properties by the microwave heat treatment technique. This study used 31 articles that were analyzed and selected through the PRISMA guide method from 11.232 selected libraries. Secondary data will be analyzed based on the percentage of Effect Size Hedges'd (standardized mean difference/SMD) and confidence interval (CI) values using OpenMEE software. The meta-analysis results showed that the microwave heat treatment method on high-carbohydrate foods had a significant effect on increasing levels of resistant starch and prebiotic properties (SMD 2.755; 95% CI: 2.106 to 3.403; P <0.001). Based on the meta-analysis results, it can be concluded that the microwave heat treatment technology has a significant effect with a 95% confidence level in increasing levels of resistant starch and prebiotic properties in high-carbohydrate foods. Keywords: High carbohydrate foods, Meta-analysis, Microwave heat treatment, Prebiotic properties, Resistant starch
{"title":"Effect of Microwave Heat Treatment for Resistant Starch Levels and Prebiotic Properties of High Carbohydrate Foods: Meta-Analysis Study","authors":"M. Isra, D. Andrianto, R. Setiarto","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Microwave heat treatment is one of the most widely used starch physical modification techniques in analyzing the increase in resistant starch levels in foodstuffs. However, this technique has varying effects on each type of high-carbohydrate food. This study aims to analyze the type of carbohydrate food that significantly increases the levels of resistant starch and prebiotic properties by the microwave heat treatment technique. This study used 31 articles that were analyzed and selected through the PRISMA guide method from 11.232 selected libraries. Secondary data will be analyzed based on the percentage of Effect Size Hedges'd (standardized mean difference/SMD) and confidence interval (CI) values using OpenMEE software. The meta-analysis results showed that the microwave heat treatment method on high-carbohydrate foods had a significant effect on increasing levels of resistant starch and prebiotic properties (SMD 2.755; 95% CI: 2.106 to 3.403; P <0.001). Based on the meta-analysis results, it can be concluded that the microwave heat treatment technology has a significant effect with a 95% confidence level in increasing levels of resistant starch and prebiotic properties in high-carbohydrate foods. Keywords: High carbohydrate foods, Meta-analysis, Microwave heat treatment, Prebiotic properties, Resistant starch","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49225788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.023
A. Rahmadya, I. Ridwansyah, D. Daruati, A. Rahmat, T. *, A. P. Dewi, D. Wildan
Abstract Indonesia is rich in eel (Anguilla spp.) fishery resources, however, only sparse information is available regarding these resources, particularly the habitat preferences. These preferences have been studied severally using different methods, thus, there is currently no comprehensive description of the exact study methods. This study, therefore, aims to assay the development of research on eel habitat in the tropics, especially in Indonesia, and discover the most prevalent study method used between 2001 and 2020. This was carried out using a systematic literature review, defined as the process of identifying, assessing, and interpreting all available research evidence to provide answers to specific research questions. A total of 21 studies were selected for further analysis based on the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the results, current studies on eel habitat preferences focus on three topics: the ecology and behavior of eels during their lifecycle (52%), the relationship between eel morphology and habitat (19%), as well as the relationship between the time of metamorphosis and habitat (29%). Furthermore, 4 methods: Bio-morphology (29%), Otolith (57%), Ecological Studies (10%), and Gonadosomathic Index (5%), are commonly used. However, researchers suggest future research ought to be conducted more comprehensively. Therefore, more detailed ecological studies need to be carried out, together with otolith and bio-morphological studies. Keywords: Systematic Literature Review, eels, habitat, and methodology preference for eel habitat
{"title":"A Systematic Literature Review of the Methodology Preference for Analyzing Eel (Anguilla spp.) Habitat","authors":"A. Rahmadya, I. Ridwansyah, D. Daruati, A. Rahmat, T. *, A. P. Dewi, D. Wildan","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Indonesia is rich in eel (Anguilla spp.) fishery resources, however, only sparse information is available regarding these resources, particularly the habitat preferences. These preferences have been studied severally using different methods, thus, there is currently no comprehensive description of the exact study methods. This study, therefore, aims to assay the development of research on eel habitat in the tropics, especially in Indonesia, and discover the most prevalent study method used between 2001 and 2020. This was carried out using a systematic literature review, defined as the process of identifying, assessing, and interpreting all available research evidence to provide answers to specific research questions. A total of 21 studies were selected for further analysis based on the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the results, current studies on eel habitat preferences focus on three topics: the ecology and behavior of eels during their lifecycle (52%), the relationship between eel morphology and habitat (19%), as well as the relationship between the time of metamorphosis and habitat (29%). Furthermore, 4 methods: Bio-morphology (29%), Otolith (57%), Ecological Studies (10%), and Gonadosomathic Index (5%), are commonly used. However, researchers suggest future research ought to be conducted more comprehensively. Therefore, more detailed ecological studies need to be carried out, together with otolith and bio-morphological studies. Keywords: Systematic Literature Review, eels, habitat, and methodology preference for eel habitat","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49327164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.027
Alan Chua Yee Quan, P. M. Nissom, Tan Lee Tung
Abstract Sarawak had around 62% forest area coverage in 2018, contributed 40% of forest area in Malaysia. Two million hectares of licensed forest area was designated as Industrial Timber Production Areas (ITPAs) to sustain industrial timber production. Neolamarckia cadamba was one of the tropical indigenous timber species selected for the development of ITPAs. The selection is based on its local environment adaptation, pest and disease resistance, fast growing properties, soil maintenance contributions, its wood quality suitable for plywood industry. Tropical soils are infamous for poor plant available nutrients profile, contributed by high precipitation rate in tropical climate and acidic soil orders. Plant growth promoting microorganisms in wild environment would be a feasible solution for N. cadamba planting activities. Such studies on N. cadamba were limited whilst drafting this review paper. Nonetheless, potential strains, i.e Nitrogen fixing microorganisms, phosphate solubilising microorganisms and potassium solubilising microorganisms, were discussed. They could potentially provide three major plant available nutrients. For industrial production, their processing with solid, liquid or solid-liquid integrated carrier materials would provide long shelf-life, better survivability in the field and easy handling in different application strategies. Keywords: Biofertilisers, Neolamarckia cadamba, plant growth promoting microorganisms, Malaysia, tropical soils
{"title":"A Review on Potential of Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms in Silviculture of Neolamarckia cadamba to Industrial Timber Production Areas (ITPAs) in Malaysia","authors":"Alan Chua Yee Quan, P. M. Nissom, Tan Lee Tung","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sarawak had around 62% forest area coverage in 2018, contributed 40% of forest area in Malaysia. Two million hectares of licensed forest area was designated as Industrial Timber Production Areas (ITPAs) to sustain industrial timber production. Neolamarckia cadamba was one of the tropical indigenous timber species selected for the development of ITPAs. The selection is based on its local environment adaptation, pest and disease resistance, fast growing properties, soil maintenance contributions, its wood quality suitable for plywood industry. Tropical soils are infamous for poor plant available nutrients profile, contributed by high precipitation rate in tropical climate and acidic soil orders. Plant growth promoting microorganisms in wild environment would be a feasible solution for N. cadamba planting activities. Such studies on N. cadamba were limited whilst drafting this review paper. Nonetheless, potential strains, i.e Nitrogen fixing microorganisms, phosphate solubilising microorganisms and potassium solubilising microorganisms, were discussed. They could potentially provide three major plant available nutrients. For industrial production, their processing with solid, liquid or solid-liquid integrated carrier materials would provide long shelf-life, better survivability in the field and easy handling in different application strategies. Keywords: Biofertilisers, Neolamarckia cadamba, plant growth promoting microorganisms, Malaysia, tropical soils","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44430047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.035
Pitchaya Singhavejsakul, Piyahatai Niamsup, Naruenan Malairungsakul, Yosita Chaisaen, Phurich Pooriwarangkakul, W. Nimlamool, P. Khamnoi, T. Sastraruji, S. Sookkhee
Abstract The present study aimed to investigate clavulanic acid susceptible peptide spectra in 174 community-acquired urinary tract infected Escherichia coli isolates using VITEK® MS. They were collected from bacteriuria samples at Diagnostic Laboratory Unit between January and May 2016. One hundred and fourteen multidrug resistant isolates were detected. Among these isolates, 13, 53, and 48 isolates were classified as the non, high, and low ESBL-producers, respectively by using Epsilometer strip test. Spectrum analysis was calculated for investigating the enzyme spectrum. The mass analysis and spectrum identification of ESBL-producing isolates were elucidated using the VITEK® MS apparatus. Among 58 peptide spectra, seven E. coli-specific spectra located at 3126, 3433, 6317, 6411, 7159, 9537, and 10301 Dalton (Da) were commonly detected in ≥ 85% of the total samples. Among the high ESBL-producing isolates, the spectrum intensity of four ceftazidime-resistant spectra which were located at 4613, 5613, 6508, 9713 Da was significantly increased after being exposed to ceftazidime as the ceftazidime-resistant spectra. Using agar disk diffusion, four clavulanic acid-susceptible spectra, 3433, 4613, 4768, and 9713 Da, were significantly detected after being co-exposed to ceftazidime and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Interestingly, the spectrum intensity of the significant spectrum, 9713 Da, was decreased after being co-exposed to ceftazidime plus clavulanic acid using an Epsilometer strip test. The interesting peptide spectra at 9713 Da significantly exhibited the clavulanic acid-susceptibility after being co-exposed to ceftazidime and clavulanic acid in both assays and could be suspected to be the ESBL indicative peptide spectra in the high ESBL-producing isolates. Keywords: VITEK® MS, Escherichia coli, ESBL, Clavulanic acid-susceptible peptide spectra, Community-acquired urinary tract infection
{"title":"Clavulanic Acid - Susceptible Peptide Spectra Tested with Agar Disk Diffusion and Epsilometer test of Urinary Tract Infected Escherichia coli Isolated from the Community-Acquired Infection","authors":"Pitchaya Singhavejsakul, Piyahatai Niamsup, Naruenan Malairungsakul, Yosita Chaisaen, Phurich Pooriwarangkakul, W. Nimlamool, P. Khamnoi, T. Sastraruji, S. Sookkhee","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study aimed to investigate clavulanic acid susceptible peptide spectra in 174 community-acquired urinary tract infected Escherichia coli isolates using VITEK® MS. They were collected from bacteriuria samples at Diagnostic Laboratory Unit between January and May 2016. One hundred and fourteen multidrug resistant isolates were detected. Among these isolates, 13, 53, and 48 isolates were classified as the non, high, and low ESBL-producers, respectively by using Epsilometer strip test. Spectrum analysis was calculated for investigating the enzyme spectrum. The mass analysis and spectrum identification of ESBL-producing isolates were elucidated using the VITEK® MS apparatus. Among 58 peptide spectra, seven E. coli-specific spectra located at 3126, 3433, 6317, 6411, 7159, 9537, and 10301 Dalton (Da) were commonly detected in ≥ 85% of the total samples. Among the high ESBL-producing isolates, the spectrum intensity of four ceftazidime-resistant spectra which were located at 4613, 5613, 6508, 9713 Da was significantly increased after being exposed to ceftazidime as the ceftazidime-resistant spectra. Using agar disk diffusion, four clavulanic acid-susceptible spectra, 3433, 4613, 4768, and 9713 Da, were significantly detected after being co-exposed to ceftazidime and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Interestingly, the spectrum intensity of the significant spectrum, 9713 Da, was decreased after being co-exposed to ceftazidime plus clavulanic acid using an Epsilometer strip test. The interesting peptide spectra at 9713 Da significantly exhibited the clavulanic acid-susceptibility after being co-exposed to ceftazidime and clavulanic acid in both assays and could be suspected to be the ESBL indicative peptide spectra in the high ESBL-producing isolates. Keywords: VITEK® MS, Escherichia coli, ESBL, Clavulanic acid-susceptible peptide spectra, Community-acquired urinary tract infection","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46374609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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