Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.013
Noppamas Pipatpiboon, J. Sripetchwandee, P. Sa-nguanmoo, Chiraporn Tachaudomdach, Tanyarat Jomgeow, A. Phrommintikul, N. Chattipakorn, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is known to be related to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A prognostic biomarker for the MCI condition in these patients has not been thoroughly determined. A neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been widely used as a biomarker for the progression of cancers and cardiovascular diseases. However, its association with the MCI condition in patients with MetS is not known. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between NLR and cognitive function in patients with MetS. A total of sixty patients with MetS (45-65 years old) were enrolled in the present study, and their metabolic parameters, including plasma levels of glucose, insulin, lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, and the complete blood count, were determined. The NLR level was calculated by the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes derived from the complete blood count. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test was used to determine the cognitive performance in patients with MetS. Most patients with MetS have the possibility of an MCI condition. Moreover, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and NLR were negatively correlated with the MoCA scores of these patients. Interestingly, NLR was the strongest independent factor which correlated with the MoCA score. Collectively, poor glycemic control and increased NLR levels may be used as possible predictors for poorer cognitive performance outcomes in patients with MetS. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome; Mild cognitive impairment; Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; Prognostic marker; Montreal cognitive assessment
{"title":"Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is Positively Associated with Impaired Cognitive Performance inPatients with Metabolic Syndrome","authors":"Noppamas Pipatpiboon, J. Sripetchwandee, P. Sa-nguanmoo, Chiraporn Tachaudomdach, Tanyarat Jomgeow, A. Phrommintikul, N. Chattipakorn, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is known to be related to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A prognostic biomarker for the MCI condition in these patients has not been thoroughly determined. A neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been widely used as a biomarker for the progression of cancers and cardiovascular diseases. However, its association with the MCI condition in patients with MetS is not known. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between NLR and cognitive function in patients with MetS. A total of sixty patients with MetS (45-65 years old) were enrolled in the present study, and their metabolic parameters, including plasma levels of glucose, insulin, lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, and the complete blood count, were determined. The NLR level was calculated by the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes derived from the complete blood count. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test was used to determine the cognitive performance in patients with MetS. Most patients with MetS have the possibility of an MCI condition. Moreover, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and NLR were negatively correlated with the MoCA scores of these patients. Interestingly, NLR was the strongest independent factor which correlated with the MoCA score. Collectively, poor glycemic control and increased NLR levels may be used as possible predictors for poorer cognitive performance outcomes in patients with MetS. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome; Mild cognitive impairment; Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; Prognostic marker; Montreal cognitive assessment","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48503463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.004
Nichthima Warinthip, B. Liawruangrath, S. Natakankitkul, Teeraboon Pojanakaroon, Narabhats Rannurags, S. Pyne, S. Liawruangrath
Abstract The chemical constituents of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Gardenia sootepensis (G. sootepensis) and ethyl acetate extract of Pseudomussaenda flava (P. flava) were analyzed for the first time using GC and GC-MS. For the hexane extract of G. sootepensis: Nineteen compounds were identified constituting of 74.70% of the total chromatographical fraction components. The principle compounds were 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid (23.10%) and squalene (16.50%). For the ethyl acetate extract of G. sootepensis: Sixteen compounds were identified. The main compounds were octadecane (15.40%) and eicosane (14.50%). The ethyl acetate extract of P. flava: Nine compounds were identified. The founded compounds were squalene (21.20%) and 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid (17.40%). The in vitro antibacterial activity of the leave extracts in various solvents against four bacterial strains were investigated. The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of G. sootepensis were found to possess antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. pyogenes with the MIC value of 10 mg/mL respectively. The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of G. sootepensis showed significant cytotoxicity against NCI-H187 cell lines with the IC50 values of 2.25 and 2.21 µg/mL respectively. But the extracts were non-cytotoxic to MCF-7 cell line. The results revealed that all the medicinal plant extracts possessed antioxidant activity. The ethyl acetate extract of G. sootepensis and P. flava exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with the IC50 value of 6.36 ± 0.02 mg/mL. and 9.74 ± 0.09 mg/mL. Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Biological activity, Chemical constituents, Gardenia sootepensis, Pseudomussaenda flava, Leaves extracts
{"title":"Chemical Constituents from Leaves of Gardenia sootepensis and Pseudomussaenda flava Biological Activity and Antioxidant Activity","authors":"Nichthima Warinthip, B. Liawruangrath, S. Natakankitkul, Teeraboon Pojanakaroon, Narabhats Rannurags, S. Pyne, S. Liawruangrath","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The chemical constituents of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Gardenia sootepensis (G. sootepensis) and ethyl acetate extract of Pseudomussaenda flava (P. flava) were analyzed for the first time using GC and GC-MS. For the hexane extract of G. sootepensis: Nineteen compounds were identified constituting of 74.70% of the total chromatographical fraction components. The principle compounds were 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid (23.10%) and squalene (16.50%). For the ethyl acetate extract of G. sootepensis: Sixteen compounds were identified. The main compounds were octadecane (15.40%) and eicosane (14.50%). The ethyl acetate extract of P. flava: Nine compounds were identified. The founded compounds were squalene (21.20%) and 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid (17.40%). The in vitro antibacterial activity of the leave extracts in various solvents against four bacterial strains were investigated. The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of G. sootepensis were found to possess antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. pyogenes with the MIC value of 10 mg/mL respectively. The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of G. sootepensis showed significant cytotoxicity against NCI-H187 cell lines with the IC50 values of 2.25 and 2.21 µg/mL respectively. But the extracts were non-cytotoxic to MCF-7 cell line. The results revealed that all the medicinal plant extracts possessed antioxidant activity. The ethyl acetate extract of G. sootepensis and P. flava exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with the IC50 value of 6.36 ± 0.02 mg/mL. and 9.74 ± 0.09 mg/mL. Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Biological activity, Chemical constituents, Gardenia sootepensis, Pseudomussaenda flava, Leaves extracts","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42849853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.015
S. Sookkhee, Sarawuth Manonuek, C. Apichartpiyakul, Choompone Sakonwasun
Abstract Lactobacillus bacteriocin is an interesting compound playing a dual spermicidal/bacteriocidal role so that this compound can be developed as an agent that can be able to replace the unsafety chemical, nonoxynol-9. The present study aimed to investigate the antibacterial, sperm immobilization, and spermicidal activities of bacteriocins that were produced from vaginal lactobacilli. Nine of 932 cell-free supernatants exhibited potent antibacterial activities against the standard bacterial strains and the pathogenic Niesseria gonorrhoeae. Ion exchange-purified bacteriocins B84/7 F2 demonstrated the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and the highest bacteriocin activity against the tested pathogens. The isolate B84/7 was then identified as Lactobacillus crispatus. The rapid killing activity was exerted within 15 minutes after being exposed to the tested bacteria, and also significantly inhibited the exponential growth of the tested pathogen. Among 48 semen of volunteers, the median time of sperm immobilization of ion-exchange purified B84/7 F2 bacteriocin (18.70 mg/mL) was 30.42 seconds. Within 60 seconds, spermicidal activities of the partial fractionated and ion-exchange purified B84/7 F2 at the undiluted concentration were 83.67 and 80.75%, respectively. Its activity will significantly decline at pH > 8.0 or after being treated with alkaline and proteolytic enzymes. Two peptide bands of this bacteriocin were 7.08, and 8.81 kDa after being detected on a tricine SDS-PAGE gel. In-depth characteristics of this bacteriocin should be further investigated regarding the mode of action and purification. These findings can be applied to develop as the protecting agent of sexually transmitted infections especially gonorrhea, and unwanted pregnancy. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Bacteriocins, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Sperm immobilization, Spermicidal activity, Vaginal lactobacilli
{"title":"Antibacterial, Sperm Immobilization and Spermicidal Activities of Bacteriocins Produced by Vaginal Lactobacilli","authors":"S. Sookkhee, Sarawuth Manonuek, C. Apichartpiyakul, Choompone Sakonwasun","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lactobacillus bacteriocin is an interesting compound playing a dual spermicidal/bacteriocidal role so that this compound can be developed as an agent that can be able to replace the unsafety chemical, nonoxynol-9. The present study aimed to investigate the antibacterial, sperm immobilization, and spermicidal activities of bacteriocins that were produced from vaginal lactobacilli. Nine of 932 cell-free supernatants exhibited potent antibacterial activities against the standard bacterial strains and the pathogenic Niesseria gonorrhoeae. Ion exchange-purified bacteriocins B84/7 F2 demonstrated the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and the highest bacteriocin activity against the tested pathogens. The isolate B84/7 was then identified as Lactobacillus crispatus. The rapid killing activity was exerted within 15 minutes after being exposed to the tested bacteria, and also significantly inhibited the exponential growth of the tested pathogen. Among 48 semen of volunteers, the median time of sperm immobilization of ion-exchange purified B84/7 F2 bacteriocin (18.70 mg/mL) was 30.42 seconds. Within 60 seconds, spermicidal activities of the partial fractionated and ion-exchange purified B84/7 F2 at the undiluted concentration were 83.67 and 80.75%, respectively. Its activity will significantly decline at pH > 8.0 or after being treated with alkaline and proteolytic enzymes. Two peptide bands of this bacteriocin were 7.08, and 8.81 kDa after being detected on a tricine SDS-PAGE gel. In-depth characteristics of this bacteriocin should be further investigated regarding the mode of action and purification. These findings can be applied to develop as the protecting agent of sexually transmitted infections especially gonorrhea, and unwanted pregnancy. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Bacteriocins, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Sperm immobilization, Spermicidal activity, Vaginal lactobacilli","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45411318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In Thailand, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz ‘Pirun 2’) is an important economic crop. The tissue culture technique is used to produce true-to-type cassava plantlets on a large scale within a short period. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the optimum culture medium for cassava axillary bud in vitro propagation. Stem nodes were treated with a solution of 20% (v/v) commercial bleach (25% w/v NaOCl) for 10 minutes. Then, the sterilized buds were cultured on three different types of culture media: Murashige and Skoog (MS), Driver and Kuniyaki Walnut (DKW), and MS supplemented with NAA and BA. Various parameters were evaluated for their effects on plantlet development (height of shoot and numbers of leaves, roots, and shoots after 1 month). The results showed that the mean (± standard deviation) numbers of leaves (6.67 ± 0.82) and roots (2.50 ± 0.55) were significantly higher when they were cultured on MS medium. In addition, the highest number of shoots (3.67±0.82) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.05 mg/l NAA+1 mg/l BA. The cut shoots of plantlets cultured on MS medium without hormones developed into mature plantlets after 1 month. Thus, the MS medium was the optimum for mature cassava Pirun 2 culture. This protocol would be useful for plantlet induction on MS medium supplemented with NAA and BA hormones to produce more shoots and for transfer to MS medium without rooting hormones. Moreover, in vitro derived plantlets were successfully acclimatized on a peat moss which gave the high percentage of transplanting survival (100%). Keywords: Axillary bud, Cassava, Stem node, Surface sterilization, Tissue culture
{"title":"In Vitro Propagation of Manihot Esculenta Crantz ‘Pirun 2’","authors":"Supakit Vichayanan, Nattapol Phanmadee, Puwarit Khowean, Noppamart Lokkamlue","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Thailand, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz ‘Pirun 2’) is an important economic crop. The tissue culture technique is used to produce true-to-type cassava plantlets on a large scale within a short period. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the optimum culture medium for cassava axillary bud in vitro propagation. Stem nodes were treated with a solution of 20% (v/v) commercial bleach (25% w/v NaOCl) for 10 minutes. Then, the sterilized buds were cultured on three different types of culture media: Murashige and Skoog (MS), Driver and Kuniyaki Walnut (DKW), and MS supplemented with NAA and BA. Various parameters were evaluated for their effects on plantlet development (height of shoot and numbers of leaves, roots, and shoots after 1 month). The results showed that the mean (± standard deviation) numbers of leaves (6.67 ± 0.82) and roots (2.50 ± 0.55) were significantly higher when they were cultured on MS medium. In addition, the highest number of shoots (3.67±0.82) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.05 mg/l NAA+1 mg/l BA. The cut shoots of plantlets cultured on MS medium without hormones developed into mature plantlets after 1 month. Thus, the MS medium was the optimum for mature cassava Pirun 2 culture. This protocol would be useful for plantlet induction on MS medium supplemented with NAA and BA hormones to produce more shoots and for transfer to MS medium without rooting hormones. Moreover, in vitro derived plantlets were successfully acclimatized on a peat moss which gave the high percentage of transplanting survival (100%). Keywords: Axillary bud, Cassava, Stem node, Surface sterilization, Tissue culture","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48578285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.011
Jirat Srihatajati, Pattarawadee Krassanairawiwong
Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different bonding agents and resin cements on shear bond strength (SBS) between acrylic resin teeth and resin composite. Thirty acrylic teeth were cut along the long axis and embedded in cold-cure acrylic resin. The specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10) according to the types of luting agents: Group C (OptiBond FL), Group P (Panavia F2.0), and Group S (Superbond C&B). SBS was measured using the Shimadzu EZ-S Universal Testing Machine. The collected data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA to determine significant differences with P-value < 0.05. Multiple comparisons of SBS were calculated using the Tukey HSD test at a 95% confidence level. The average SBS values in MPa were 5.78 ± 0.97 for Group C, 13.60 ± 1.20 for Group P, and 17.93 ± 1.24 for Group S. The SBS value for Group S was significantly higher compared to the other groups, while the value for Group C was significantly lower. Group C was categorized as an adhesive failure, while Group S was accounted as a cohesive failure and Group P was shown to be a mixed failure. In conclusion, different resin cements significantly affected the SBS between acrylic resin teeth and resin composite. Keywords: Acrylic denture tooth, Bonding agent, Resin cement, Resin composite, Shear bond strength
{"title":"Effect of Different Resin Cements on Shear Bond Strength between Acrylic Denture Teeth and Resin Composite","authors":"Jirat Srihatajati, Pattarawadee Krassanairawiwong","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different bonding agents and resin cements on shear bond strength (SBS) between acrylic resin teeth and resin composite. Thirty acrylic teeth were cut along the long axis and embedded in cold-cure acrylic resin. The specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10) according to the types of luting agents: Group C (OptiBond FL), Group P (Panavia F2.0), and Group S (Superbond C&B). SBS was measured using the Shimadzu EZ-S Universal Testing Machine. The collected data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA to determine significant differences with P-value < 0.05. Multiple comparisons of SBS were calculated using the Tukey HSD test at a 95% confidence level. The average SBS values in MPa were 5.78 ± 0.97 for Group C, 13.60 ± 1.20 for Group P, and 17.93 ± 1.24 for Group S. The SBS value for Group S was significantly higher compared to the other groups, while the value for Group C was significantly lower. Group C was categorized as an adhesive failure, while Group S was accounted as a cohesive failure and Group P was shown to be a mixed failure. In conclusion, different resin cements significantly affected the SBS between acrylic resin teeth and resin composite. Keywords: Acrylic denture tooth, Bonding agent, Resin cement, Resin composite, Shear bond strength","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45864297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Y-short tandem repeat (Y-STR) typing is very beneficial for identifying offenders in cases of sexual assault. Even though vaginal swabs from female victims are routinely taken for DNA analysis, penile penetration does not occur in every case. Therefore, in such cases the victim’s lower undergarment is also obtained, along with vaginal and/or anal swabs. In accordance with each country’s statutory guidelines, the positive legal prescription for sexual offences is rather extensive. So, cases that have occurred prior to DNA analysis being applied routinely may now be typed for Y-STR, even after the specimens have been frozen for so long. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality and quantity of Y-STRs that we derived from fluids extracted from sperm-negative specimens. Twenty-eight frozen stain-extracted-fluids from lower undergarments samples were available. Their Y-STR profiles were amplified, and typed, using commercial Y-STR kits. The results demonstrated that 35.7% of stain-extracted-fluids on lower undergarments that had been stored in -20°C for 16-53 months showed complete typing of Y-STRs, with an average DNA peak height of each sample occurring within a range of 90.60 - 2,905.92 RFUs. Nor was there a significant difference in the number of loci and average DNA peak height found among the samples kept frozen from < 36 months, as compared to those of > 36 months. The results of this study support our assertion that even extremely long-term preservation of extracted fluids at -20 °C can maintain high-quality and quantity Y-STR segments. Keywords: DNA peak height, Frozen extract, Sexual assault, Y-STR, Y-STR loci
{"title":"Chromosome Y Analysis of Long-Term Frozen Extract from Sperm-Negative Stains on Lower Undergarments in Sexual Abuse Cases","authors":"Manoch Chockjamsai, Supakit Khacha-ananda, Sukon Prasitwattanaseree, Pattarach Rattaracheewakul, Karnda Mekjaidee","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Y-short tandem repeat (Y-STR) typing is very beneficial for identifying offenders in cases of sexual assault. Even though vaginal swabs from female victims are routinely taken for DNA analysis, penile penetration does not occur in every case. Therefore, in such cases the victim’s lower undergarment is also obtained, along with vaginal and/or anal swabs. In accordance with each country’s statutory guidelines, the positive legal prescription for sexual offences is rather extensive. So, cases that have occurred prior to DNA analysis being applied routinely may now be typed for Y-STR, even after the specimens have been frozen for so long. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality and quantity of Y-STRs that we derived from fluids extracted from sperm-negative specimens. Twenty-eight frozen stain-extracted-fluids from lower undergarments samples were available. Their Y-STR profiles were amplified, and typed, using commercial Y-STR kits. The results demonstrated that 35.7% of stain-extracted-fluids on lower undergarments that had been stored in -20°C for 16-53 months showed complete typing of Y-STRs, with an average DNA peak height of each sample occurring within a range of 90.60 - 2,905.92 RFUs. Nor was there a significant difference in the number of loci and average DNA peak height found among the samples kept frozen from < 36 months, as compared to those of > 36 months. The results of this study support our assertion that even extremely long-term preservation of extracted fluids at -20 °C can maintain high-quality and quantity Y-STR segments. Keywords: DNA peak height, Frozen extract, Sexual assault, Y-STR, Y-STR loci","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44568263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.006
L. Thaikruea, L. Srikitjakarn, N. Chakpitak, S. Pornprasert, R. Ouncharoen, W. Khamduang, B. Kaewpinta, S. Pattamakaew, E. Laiya, Somsak Chanaim, Jiraporn Wongyai
Abstract This study aimed to design and test a COVID-19 surveillance system model for community-industry population. A prospective cohort study was conducted from May to December, 2020. Researchers designed a COVID-19 surveillance system and presented it to stakeholders from the community-industry setting in Lamphun and Chiang Mai provinces, Thailand. The model was adjusted following feedback and tested. The model was an Active surveillance for early Alert and rapid Action using Big data and mobile phone application technology for a Community-industry setting (3ABC model). The major components were active surveillance, community-based surveillance, event-based surveillance, and early warning and rapid response. A drive-thru testing unit was operated to enable early detection. Alerts and recommended action on individual and administrative levels were sent via an application and networks. In the testing of the model, risk assessment was initially conducted with regard to COVID-19 transmission in the factories. Researchers provided recommendations based on findings. The improvements included human resource management, systems, and structure. The 3ABC model work well as designed. The participants actively reported events daily including prevention and control activities, animal diseases (foot-and-mouth disease in buffalos and hog cholera), human diseases (dengue and chikungunya), and absent of COVID-19 outbreak. Only five quarantined COVID-19 cases whom were monitored. Daily reports of no abnormal event was also high (70.2% to 71.1%). It is practical and feasible to implement the 3ABC model in a community-industry setting. A further study for a longer period to verify its level of effectiveness should be done. Keywords: Infectious disease, Epidemic model, Surveillance, Mobile application, Model evaluation
{"title":"Model of COVID-19 Surveillance System for a Community-industry Setting","authors":"L. Thaikruea, L. Srikitjakarn, N. Chakpitak, S. Pornprasert, R. Ouncharoen, W. Khamduang, B. Kaewpinta, S. Pattamakaew, E. Laiya, Somsak Chanaim, Jiraporn Wongyai","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to design and test a COVID-19 surveillance system model for community-industry population. A prospective cohort study was conducted from May to December, 2020. Researchers designed a COVID-19 surveillance system and presented it to stakeholders from the community-industry setting in Lamphun and Chiang Mai provinces, Thailand. The model was adjusted following feedback and tested. The model was an Active surveillance for early Alert and rapid Action using Big data and mobile phone application technology for a Community-industry setting (3ABC model). The major components were active surveillance, community-based surveillance, event-based surveillance, and early warning and rapid response. A drive-thru testing unit was operated to enable early detection. Alerts and recommended action on individual and administrative levels were sent via an application and networks. In the testing of the model, risk assessment was initially conducted with regard to COVID-19 transmission in the factories. Researchers provided recommendations based on findings. The improvements included human resource management, systems, and structure. The 3ABC model work well as designed. The participants actively reported events daily including prevention and control activities, animal diseases (foot-and-mouth disease in buffalos and hog cholera), human diseases (dengue and chikungunya), and absent of COVID-19 outbreak. Only five quarantined COVID-19 cases whom were monitored. Daily reports of no abnormal event was also high (70.2% to 71.1%). It is practical and feasible to implement the 3ABC model in a community-industry setting. A further study for a longer period to verify its level of effectiveness should be done. Keywords: Infectious disease, Epidemic model, Surveillance, Mobile application, Model evaluation","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44589911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.010
C. N. Chukwu, U. B. Onyedikachi, E. Ejiofor
Abstract Viscum album L. (Mistletoe) is used in ethnomedicine for the management of some ailments ranging from inflammation, pains and oxidative stress. The phytoconstituents, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of n-hexane extract of mistletoe leaves (nHEML) were evaluated in this study. nHEML was obtained from fresh leaves of Viscum album L. using a Soxhlet extractor. Total phenol and flavonoid compositions were assayed using standard colourimetric methods. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to ascertain the presence of phytochemicals in the extract. The antioxidant property was determined using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, while the anti-inflammatory property was investigated using membrane stabilization (hypotonicity) and heat-induced hemolysis of human red blood cell (HRBC) assays. The results showed a high amount of total phenolic content (37.82 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (128.85 ± 3.85 mgQE/100mg). GC-MS analysis showed the presence of essential phytoconstituents including phytosterols, vitamin C, fatty acids etc., with known potent biological activities. In vitro, the antioxidant assay showed that DPPH scavenging activity of nHEML was only detected at 400μg/ml with 13.46%, while there was a dose-dependent increase in FRAP activity of nHEML from 50 to 400μg/ml compared to the standard. For the in vitro anti-inflammatory assay, there was a dose-dependent increase in HRBC membrane stabilization and anti-hemolytic activities, which were higher than those of the standards at 200 and 400µg/mL. nHEML contains a significant amount of flavonoids which improved the anti-inflammatory activities against hypotonic and heat-induced inflammation, hence justifying its potential as a possible anti-inflammatory agent. Keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity; antioxidant; DPPH scavenging activity; GC-MS; hemolysis; oxidative stress
{"title":"Evaluation of chemical constituents, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of n-hexane extract of Viscum album L. (Mistletoe) leaves","authors":"C. N. Chukwu, U. B. Onyedikachi, E. Ejiofor","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Viscum album L. (Mistletoe) is used in ethnomedicine for the management of some ailments ranging from inflammation, pains and oxidative stress. The phytoconstituents, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of n-hexane extract of mistletoe leaves (nHEML) were evaluated in this study. nHEML was obtained from fresh leaves of Viscum album L. using a Soxhlet extractor. Total phenol and flavonoid compositions were assayed using standard colourimetric methods. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to ascertain the presence of phytochemicals in the extract. The antioxidant property was determined using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, while the anti-inflammatory property was investigated using membrane stabilization (hypotonicity) and heat-induced hemolysis of human red blood cell (HRBC) assays. The results showed a high amount of total phenolic content (37.82 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (128.85 ± 3.85 mgQE/100mg). GC-MS analysis showed the presence of essential phytoconstituents including phytosterols, vitamin C, fatty acids etc., with known potent biological activities. In vitro, the antioxidant assay showed that DPPH scavenging activity of nHEML was only detected at 400μg/ml with 13.46%, while there was a dose-dependent increase in FRAP activity of nHEML from 50 to 400μg/ml compared to the standard. For the in vitro anti-inflammatory assay, there was a dose-dependent increase in HRBC membrane stabilization and anti-hemolytic activities, which were higher than those of the standards at 200 and 400µg/mL. nHEML contains a significant amount of flavonoids which improved the anti-inflammatory activities against hypotonic and heat-induced inflammation, hence justifying its potential as a possible anti-inflammatory agent. Keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity; antioxidant; DPPH scavenging activity; GC-MS; hemolysis; oxidative stress","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42825508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.001
Soth Hong, M. Titayavan, S. Intanon, Panisara Thepkusol
Abstract Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda has become a new invasive species in Thailand that mainly affects maize. There has been limited research on the baseline biological aspects of this insect under controlled conditions. Our objective was to detail the biological parameters of S. frugiperda reared on maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars, field maize, sweet maize and waxy maize under controlled conditions at 30 ± 2°C, 55 ± 5% RH and a 12-hour photoperiod. Results suggest that larvae develop through six instars on all the maize cultivars. Significant effects (P < 0.05) of the host plant were found in the duration of larval stage 10.83 ± 0.14, 11.15 ± 0.15 and 11.28 ± 0.05 days when fed with sweet maize, waxy maize and field maize, respectively. More than 70.5% of them transformed into the pupal stage. The life cycle duration lasted 28.11 ± 0.40 days (field maize), 27.16 ± 0.37 days (sweet maize) and 28.41 ± 0.34 days (waxy maize). Significant differences among host plants were not observed for the different development durations. S. frugiperda exhibited a type I survivorship curve. The highest values of net reproductive rate, R0 (220.41 ± 5.88), innate capacity of increase, rc (0.23 ± 0.001) and finite rate of increase, λ (1.25 ± 0.002) obtained on sweet maize, were not statistically different from other cultivars. The mean generation time (Tc) was significantly different among the 3 maize cultivars, ranging from 26.36 ± 0.43 days on waxy maize to 23.80 ± 0.24 days on sweet maize. Information presented here should greatly expand the understanding of S. frugiperda biology; this understanding can be used to improve the efficiency of management techniques for this critical crop pest. Keywords: Invasive species, Maize pest, Biological cycle, Reproductive rate, Population growth
{"title":"Biology and Life-Table Parameters of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda on Three Maize Cultivars Grown in Thailand","authors":"Soth Hong, M. Titayavan, S. Intanon, Panisara Thepkusol","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda has become a new invasive species in Thailand that mainly affects maize. There has been limited research on the baseline biological aspects of this insect under controlled conditions. Our objective was to detail the biological parameters of S. frugiperda reared on maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars, field maize, sweet maize and waxy maize under controlled conditions at 30 ± 2°C, 55 ± 5% RH and a 12-hour photoperiod. Results suggest that larvae develop through six instars on all the maize cultivars. Significant effects (P < 0.05) of the host plant were found in the duration of larval stage 10.83 ± 0.14, 11.15 ± 0.15 and 11.28 ± 0.05 days when fed with sweet maize, waxy maize and field maize, respectively. More than 70.5% of them transformed into the pupal stage. The life cycle duration lasted 28.11 ± 0.40 days (field maize), 27.16 ± 0.37 days (sweet maize) and 28.41 ± 0.34 days (waxy maize). Significant differences among host plants were not observed for the different development durations. S. frugiperda exhibited a type I survivorship curve. The highest values of net reproductive rate, R0 (220.41 ± 5.88), innate capacity of increase, rc (0.23 ± 0.001) and finite rate of increase, λ (1.25 ± 0.002) obtained on sweet maize, were not statistically different from other cultivars. The mean generation time (Tc) was significantly different among the 3 maize cultivars, ranging from 26.36 ± 0.43 days on waxy maize to 23.80 ± 0.24 days on sweet maize. Information presented here should greatly expand the understanding of S. frugiperda biology; this understanding can be used to improve the efficiency of management techniques for this critical crop pest. Keywords: Invasive species, Maize pest, Biological cycle, Reproductive rate, Population growth","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45483950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2022.020
D. O. Opaleke, Lilian I. Salami Ekemini E. Uko-Aviomoh, O. Ijabadeniyi, A. Arise
Abstract Overtime, consumers have become more concerned with eating a nutritious diet in order to improve their well-being. In this regard, plant bioactive chemicals with functional activity might play a crucial role in preventing acute and chronic health diseases in addition to their usual nutritional functions. As a result, researchers, health experts, and regulatory agencies are seeking known and yet to be identified plants for potential use as functional foods. Therefore, this study evaluated the nutritional composition of Landolphia togolana. L. togolona root procured from a commercial farm was extracted using methanolic extraction and subjected to laboratory analyses to check for its proximate composition, phytochemical screening, mineral composition, amino acid profiling, and functional characteristics. Results showed that L. togolona is a good source of carbohydrate (40.03). The highest and lowest minerals were iron (36.3 mg/100g) and calcium (0.86 mg/100g) respectively, and the higher contents of thiamine (39.28 µg/100g) and α-tocopherol (52.98 µg/100g). Secondary plant metabolites found were flavonoids (392.49 mg QE/g), steroids (126.00 g/100 mL), triterpenes (95.68 g/mL), alkaloids (0.41 g/100mL), saponins (0.821 g/100 mL), tannins (148.8 mgTA/g), and glycosides (0.04 g/100mL). Amino acid profiling revealed significant levels of essential amino acids such as glutamine (7.8 mg/100g), histidine (3.90 mg/100g), and proline (3.60 mg/100g). Further results showed a high swelling index (SI = 2.21) and water absorption capacity (WAC = 3.10). Analysis of color indicated values for L* a* b*. L. togolana is a rich source of phytochemicals, vitamins, and amino acids and could be well integrated in local diets. Keywords: Functional food, Landolphia togolana, Phytochemical, Proximate, Thickeners
{"title":"Determination of Proximate Composition, Phytochemical Contents, Amino Acid Profile, and Functional Characteristics of Landolphia togolana Root Bark as a Potential Functional Food","authors":"D. O. Opaleke, Lilian I. Salami Ekemini E. Uko-Aviomoh, O. Ijabadeniyi, A. Arise","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2022.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2022.020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Overtime, consumers have become more concerned with eating a nutritious diet in order to improve their well-being. In this regard, plant bioactive chemicals with functional activity might play a crucial role in preventing acute and chronic health diseases in addition to their usual nutritional functions. As a result, researchers, health experts, and regulatory agencies are seeking known and yet to be identified plants for potential use as functional foods. Therefore, this study evaluated the nutritional composition of Landolphia togolana. L. togolona root procured from a commercial farm was extracted using methanolic extraction and subjected to laboratory analyses to check for its proximate composition, phytochemical screening, mineral composition, amino acid profiling, and functional characteristics. Results showed that L. togolona is a good source of carbohydrate (40.03). The highest and lowest minerals were iron (36.3 mg/100g) and calcium (0.86 mg/100g) respectively, and the higher contents of thiamine (39.28 µg/100g) and α-tocopherol (52.98 µg/100g). Secondary plant metabolites found were flavonoids (392.49 mg QE/g), steroids (126.00 g/100 mL), triterpenes (95.68 g/mL), alkaloids (0.41 g/100mL), saponins (0.821 g/100 mL), tannins (148.8 mgTA/g), and glycosides (0.04 g/100mL). Amino acid profiling revealed significant levels of essential amino acids such as glutamine (7.8 mg/100g), histidine (3.90 mg/100g), and proline (3.60 mg/100g). Further results showed a high swelling index (SI = 2.21) and water absorption capacity (WAC = 3.10). Analysis of color indicated values for L* a* b*. L. togolana is a rich source of phytochemicals, vitamins, and amino acids and could be well integrated in local diets. Keywords: Functional food, Landolphia togolana, Phytochemical, Proximate, Thickeners","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42069957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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