Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2021.094
Sirikran Juntapremjit, Yoottana Janthakhin
Abstract Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica L.) is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, as well as traditional medicine to treat health complications including disorders of diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Indian gooseberry fruit on anxiety-related behaviors and memory performance in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 11 pre group); group 1: normal diet control, 2: normal diet treated with Indian gooseberry fruit juice, 3: high-fat diet control, and 4: high-fat diet treated with Indian gooseberry fruit juice. Each mouse was orally and daily administrated with 5mL/kg of Indian gooseberry fruit juice. After six weeks, all groups were tested for blood glucose levels, anxiety and memory performances, and the level of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the hippocampus. The results revealed that the treatment with Indian gooseberry juice for six weeks produced a significant decrease in blood glucose levels (P <0.05). In anxiety-related behaviors, Indian gooseberry juice showed a remarkable decrease in self-grooming behavior (P <0.001). In addition, there was a significant increase in memory performance in the high-fat diet treated with Indian gooseberry fruit juice compared to the high-fat diet control (P <0.05). Furthermore, the level of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the hippocampus was significantly decreased after oral administration of Indian gooseberry fruit juice (P <0.05). These findings suggest that Indian gooseberry fruit can serve as a natural nutritional treatment for preventing high-fat diet-induced cognitive impairment. Keywords: Anxiety-related behaviors, High-fat diet, Indian gooseberry, Memory performance, Obesity
{"title":"Effects of Indian Gooseberry Fruit on Anxiety-Related Behaviors and Memory Performance in High-fat Diet-induced Obese Mice","authors":"Sirikran Juntapremjit, Yoottana Janthakhin","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2021.094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2021.094","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica L.) is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, as well as traditional medicine to treat health complications including disorders of diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Indian gooseberry fruit on anxiety-related behaviors and memory performance in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 11 pre group); group 1: normal diet control, 2: normal diet treated with Indian gooseberry fruit juice, 3: high-fat diet control, and 4: high-fat diet treated with Indian gooseberry fruit juice. Each mouse was orally and daily administrated with 5mL/kg of Indian gooseberry fruit juice. After six weeks, all groups were tested for blood glucose levels, anxiety and memory performances, and the level of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the hippocampus. The results revealed that the treatment with Indian gooseberry juice for six weeks produced a significant decrease in blood glucose levels (P <0.05). In anxiety-related behaviors, Indian gooseberry juice showed a remarkable decrease in self-grooming behavior (P <0.001). In addition, there was a significant increase in memory performance in the high-fat diet treated with Indian gooseberry fruit juice compared to the high-fat diet control (P <0.05). Furthermore, the level of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the hippocampus was significantly decreased after oral administration of Indian gooseberry fruit juice (P <0.05). These findings suggest that Indian gooseberry fruit can serve as a natural nutritional treatment for preventing high-fat diet-induced cognitive impairment. Keywords: Anxiety-related behaviors, High-fat diet, Indian gooseberry, Memory performance, Obesity","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43685439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-16DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2021.046
Quanjai Rupitak, S. Srisaikham
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of yield production and chemical composition response to cutting intervals of three forage legumes over a 5 month period of the dry season in Sa Kaeo province for use as an alternative forage for farmers. The experiment was conducted in a factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design. The first factor was the types of forage legumes, including alfalfa, hamata and stylo ‘Tha pra’ and the second factor was the cutting intervals at 30, 45, 60 and 75 days. The results for stylo ‘Tha pra’ showed that the average height, total weight per area, fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) per plant were the highest (P <0.001). The cutting interval at 75 days provided the highest average height, FW and DW in all legume forage types. The FW and DW increased with increases in the cutting times (number of cuts) at all cutting intervals for all three forage legume types. The three different types of forage legumes and the different cutting intervals resulted in different chemical compositions (P <0.001) except for dry matter (DM) for which there was only a difference from the cutting interval. Each chemical composition showed an unequal response to the increase in cutting times. Keywords: Chemical composition, Cutting intervals, Cutting times, Forage legumes, Ruminant feed, Yield production
{"title":"Evaluation of Yield Production and Chemical Composition of Three Types of Forage Legumes at Different Cutting Intervals and Cutting Times to Assess Their Benefits as Ruminant Animal Feed","authors":"Quanjai Rupitak, S. Srisaikham","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2021.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2021.046","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of yield production and chemical composition response to cutting intervals of three forage legumes over a 5 month period of the dry season in Sa Kaeo province for use as an alternative forage for farmers. The experiment was conducted in a factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design. The first factor was the types of forage legumes, including alfalfa, hamata and stylo ‘Tha pra’ and the second factor was the cutting intervals at 30, 45, 60 and 75 days. The results for stylo ‘Tha pra’ showed that the average height, total weight per area, fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) per plant were the highest (P <0.001). The cutting interval at 75 days provided the highest average height, FW and DW in all legume forage types. The FW and DW increased with increases in the cutting times (number of cuts) at all cutting intervals for all three forage legume types. The three different types of forage legumes and the different cutting intervals resulted in different chemical compositions (P <0.001) except for dry matter (DM) for which there was only a difference from the cutting interval. Each chemical composition showed an unequal response to the increase in cutting times.\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000Keywords: Chemical composition, Cutting intervals, Cutting times, Forage legumes, Ruminant feed, Yield production","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42766917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-16DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2021.052
F. Z. Sakhri, S. Zerizer, C. Bensouici
Dietary natural antioxidant consumption can protect the human body from several diseases induced by free radicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, antidiabetic and immunomodulatory properties of Cydonia oblonga fruit. For this; hydroethanolic extract of Cydonia oblonga fruit (HECO) was examined for antioxidant activity using DPPH free radical sc avenging, ABTS cation radical decolorization, Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and Metal Chelating on ferrous ions activities. The inhibitory activity of the extract against α-glucosidase enzyme was also investigated. HECO was tested in vivo for the immunomodulatory activity on non-specific immunity by the carbon clearance test. The content of the nonenzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver tissue of used mice was estimated. in vitro studies revealed that the HECO has an inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 249.26 ± 3.75μg/mL, 117.34 ± 1.41 μg/ml for DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity respectively. As well as the ability to reduce cupric (167.17 ± 1.15μg/mL) and iron (Fe) (417.98 ± 48.82μg/mL). The extract showed antidiabetic activity as evidenced by its capacity to inhibit the α-glucosidase enzyme (IC50: 326.48 ± 18.56 µg/mL) near the acarbose (IC50: 275.98 ± 1.57 µg/mL) used as a positive control. In addition, our results showed that HECO at the concentration of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly increased the clearance rate of carbon from the bloodstream concomitant with increased liberation of GSH from liver cells. This study demonstrates that HECO is effective in scavenging free radicals and can serve as potent antioxidants that provide potential treatment and prevention for diabetes with benefits on the innate defense system. Keywords: Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Cydonia oblonga, Hydroethanolic extract, Phagocytic activity
{"title":"Evaluation of The Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Immunomodulatory Activity of Cydonia oblonga Fruit Extract","authors":"F. Z. Sakhri, S. Zerizer, C. Bensouici","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2021.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2021.052","url":null,"abstract":"Dietary natural antioxidant consumption can protect the human body from several diseases induced by free radicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, antidiabetic and immunomodulatory properties of Cydonia oblonga fruit. For this; hydroethanolic extract of Cydonia oblonga fruit (HECO) was examined for antioxidant activity using DPPH free radical sc avenging, ABTS cation radical decolorization, Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and Metal Chelating on ferrous ions activities. The inhibitory activity of the extract against α-glucosidase enzyme was also investigated. HECO was tested in vivo for the immunomodulatory activity on non-specific immunity by the carbon clearance test. The content of the nonenzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver tissue of used mice was estimated. in vitro studies revealed that the HECO has an inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 249.26 ± 3.75μg/mL, 117.34 ± 1.41 μg/ml for DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity respectively. As well as the ability to reduce cupric (167.17 ± 1.15μg/mL) and iron (Fe) (417.98 ± 48.82μg/mL). The extract showed antidiabetic activity as evidenced by its capacity to inhibit the α-glucosidase enzyme (IC50: 326.48 ± 18.56 µg/mL) near the acarbose (IC50: 275.98 ± 1.57 µg/mL) used as a positive control. In addition, our results showed that HECO at the concentration of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly increased the clearance rate of carbon from the bloodstream concomitant with increased liberation of GSH from liver cells. This study demonstrates that HECO is effective in scavenging free radicals and can serve as potent antioxidants that provide potential treatment and prevention for diabetes with benefits on the innate defense system. \u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000Keywords: Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Cydonia oblonga, Hydroethanolic extract, Phagocytic activity","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47198086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-16DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2021.051
Kanya Thongra-ar, P. Rojsanga, S. Chewchinda, S. Mangmool, P. Sithisarn
The objects of this study were to determine the effects to reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes levels in HEK-293 cells and inhibition of α-glucosidases and α-amylase enzymes of extracts from Persicaria odorata or phak phaeo. The ethanol extracts from the leaves and the stems of phak phaeo were investigated for their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities (IC50 were 7.74 ± 0.47 and 7.91 ± 0.43 µg/mL, respectively). Cellular antioxidant effects in human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells with these extracts (0.1 mg/mL) also increased the mRNA expressions of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1), catalase and glutathione reductase (GRe). The leaf extract showed the higher efficacies in the induction of the mRNA expressions of Mn-SOD, GPx-1 and GRe while the stem extract exhibited a stronger effect to the induction of catalase. Phak phaeo in vitro inhibitory effects to α-glucosidase enzyme (IC50 values of 9.82 ± 1.64 and 13.99 ± 1.45 µg/mL, respectively and also strong inhibition to α-amylase with IC50 values of 90.66 ± 8.75 and 19.96 ± 5.37 µg/mL, respectively). Lineweaver-Burk plot demonstrated that phak phaeo extracts inhibited α-glucosidase and α- amylase in non-competitive manners. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride methods (the leaf and stem extracts were 22.89 ± 9.16 and 22.27 ± 8.77 g gallic acid equivalent in 100 g extract (g% GAE) and 7.20 ± 3.61 and 4.06 ± 1.73 g quercetin equivalent in 100 g extract (g% QE), respectively). Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes, DPPH, HEK-293, MTT assay, Persicaria odorata, Reactive oxygen species, Total phenolic, Total flavonoid, α-glucosidases, α-amylase
{"title":"Antioxidant, α-Glucosidases and α-Amylase Inhibitory Activities of Persicaria odorata","authors":"Kanya Thongra-ar, P. Rojsanga, S. Chewchinda, S. Mangmool, P. Sithisarn","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2021.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2021.051","url":null,"abstract":"The objects of this study were to determine the effects to reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes levels in HEK-293 cells and inhibition of α-glucosidases and α-amylase enzymes of extracts from Persicaria odorata or phak phaeo. The ethanol extracts from the leaves and the stems of phak phaeo were investigated for their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities (IC50 were 7.74 ± 0.47 and 7.91 ± 0.43 µg/mL, respectively). Cellular antioxidant effects in human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells with these extracts (0.1 mg/mL) also increased the mRNA expressions of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1), catalase and glutathione reductase (GRe). The leaf extract showed the higher efficacies in the induction of the mRNA expressions of Mn-SOD, GPx-1 and GRe while the stem extract exhibited a stronger effect to the induction of catalase. Phak phaeo in vitro inhibitory effects to α-glucosidase enzyme (IC50 values of 9.82 ± 1.64 and 13.99 ± 1.45 µg/mL, respectively and also strong inhibition to α-amylase with IC50 values of 90.66 ± 8.75 and 19.96 ± 5.37 µg/mL, respectively). Lineweaver-Burk plot demonstrated that phak phaeo extracts inhibited α-glucosidase and α- amylase in non-competitive manners. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride methods (the leaf and stem extracts were 22.89 ± 9.16 and 22.27 ± 8.77 g gallic acid equivalent in 100 g extract (g% GAE) and 7.20 ± 3.61 and 4.06 ± 1.73 g quercetin equivalent in 100 g extract (g% QE), respectively).\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes, DPPH, HEK-293, MTT assay, Persicaria odorata, Reactive oxygen species, Total phenolic, Total flavonoid, α-glucosidases, α-amylase","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44220819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-16DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2021.060
C. Jongwannasiri, T. Charasseangpaisarn, S. Watanabe
In this article, the reduction of insertion torque on the orthodontic mini-screw implants (OMI) was studied. Three types of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films (DLC, Si-DLC, and F-DLC) were deposited on the OMIs by plasma-based ion implantation technique. The maximum insertion torque (MIT) value was measured using a physiodispenser during insertion on a mandibular pig jaw. Ten OMIs of each condition were used to evaluate the MIT values compared to the Ti-6Al-4V typed OMI. The statistical analysis of data was analyzed by One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD. The results indicated that the Ti-6Al-4V showed the highest MIT but not significantly different from the F-DLC (P >0.05). DLC and Si-DLC showed a significant reduction in MIT comparing to the Ti-6Al-4V (P <0.05). However, the Si-DLC showed the lowest MIT among groups (P <0.05). This phenomenon was due to the decreasing friction coefficient during OMI's insertion on a mandibular pig jaw. Therefore, the DLC coating, especially Si-DLC, could reduce the MIT value of OMI. It is thought that the lowering friction coefficient yields the lowering of MIT value. Keywords: Diamond-like carbon, Friction, Insertion torque, Mini-screw implant
{"title":"Reduction of Insertion Torque on Orthodontic Mini-screw Implant by means of Reduced Friction","authors":"C. Jongwannasiri, T. Charasseangpaisarn, S. Watanabe","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2021.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2021.060","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the reduction of insertion torque on the orthodontic mini-screw implants (OMI) was studied. Three types of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films (DLC, Si-DLC, and F-DLC) were deposited on the OMIs by plasma-based ion implantation technique. The maximum insertion torque (MIT) value was measured using a physiodispenser during insertion on a mandibular pig jaw. Ten OMIs of each condition were used to evaluate the MIT values compared to the Ti-6Al-4V typed OMI. The statistical analysis of data was analyzed by One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD. The results indicated that the Ti-6Al-4V showed the highest MIT but not significantly different from the F-DLC (P >0.05). DLC and Si-DLC showed a significant reduction in MIT comparing to the Ti-6Al-4V (P <0.05). However, the Si-DLC showed the lowest MIT among groups (P <0.05). This phenomenon was due to the decreasing friction coefficient during OMI's insertion on a mandibular pig jaw. Therefore, the DLC coating, especially Si-DLC, could reduce the MIT value of OMI. It is thought that the lowering friction coefficient yields the lowering of MIT value.\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000Keywords: Diamond-like carbon, Friction, Insertion torque, Mini-screw implant","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46978049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-16DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2021.000
Korakot Nganvongpanit
{"title":"Annual Report’s CMUJ. Nat. Sci. in 2020","authors":"Korakot Nganvongpanit","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2021.000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2021.000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47514134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-16DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2021.050
Ratchaneekorn Sangsuk, Henrik Baslev, A. Jampeetong
Ability of angiosperms to produce flowers and seeds for the sexual reproduction is important also in aquatic plants. Pollination in aquatic plants is facilitated by insects, wind, and water, however, pollen morphology related to the plant’s life forms and pollen dispersal are not well described. This study investigates pollen morphology of selected aquatic macrophytes. Plants were collected and preserved as dried specimens. Mature pollen grains of each species were separated from the anthers and then placed on glass slides and mounted with distilled water. Pollen shape and size were observed under a light microscope (LM). Number of apertures and exine ornamentation were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Closely related plant species had similar pollen morphology. Among the 28 species studied, pollen size varied from small to very large (range 10–200 µm) and their shapes were prolate-spheroidal, prolate, oblate, suboblate, and oblate-spheroidal. Some species had inaperturate pollen grains; the remainders were monoaperture, triaperture or polyaperture. Both colpate and porate apertures were found. The pollen surfaces were echinate, fovelate, granulate, lophate, plicate, regulate, regulate-fovelate, reticulate, striate, and verrucate, respectively. Keywords: Aquatic plants, Palynology, Pollen ornamentation, Pollination, SEM
{"title":"Pollen Morphology in Various Life-form of Aquatic Macrophytes","authors":"Ratchaneekorn Sangsuk, Henrik Baslev, A. Jampeetong","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2021.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2021.050","url":null,"abstract":"Ability of angiosperms to produce flowers and seeds for the sexual reproduction is important also in aquatic plants. Pollination in aquatic plants is facilitated by insects, wind, and water, however, pollen morphology related to the plant’s life forms and pollen dispersal are not well described. This study investigates pollen morphology of selected aquatic macrophytes. Plants were collected and preserved as dried specimens. Mature pollen grains of each species were separated from the anthers and then placed on glass slides and mounted with distilled water. Pollen shape and size were observed under a light microscope (LM). Number of apertures and exine ornamentation were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Closely related plant species had similar pollen morphology. Among the 28 species studied, pollen size varied from small to very large (range 10–200 µm) and their shapes were prolate-spheroidal, prolate, oblate, suboblate, and oblate-spheroidal. Some species had inaperturate pollen grains; the remainders were monoaperture, triaperture or polyaperture. Both colpate and porate apertures were found. The pollen surfaces were echinate, fovelate, granulate, lophate, plicate, regulate, regulate-fovelate, reticulate, striate, and verrucate, respectively.\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000Keywords: Aquatic plants, Palynology, Pollen ornamentation, Pollination, SEM","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49115581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-16DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2021.053
K. Kartika, B. Lakitan, Rofiqoh P. Ria
Drought stress during vegetative and/or generative stages could cause massive reduction in rice yield. This study evaluated effectiveness of hydro- and osmo-priming on improving seed germination, growth and development of upland rice under drought stress during late vegetative, booting, or heading stage. Treatments consisted of hydro-priming and osmo-priming consisted of three polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations i.e. 10%, 15%, and 20%. Results showed that application of osmo-priming at 10% PEG required longer time (21.93 hours) to reach 50% germination, lower germination and lower vigor index. However, after germination, seeds primed with 10% PEG exhibited better seedling growth than other seed priming treatments. Effects of seed priming on yield components were overshadowed by drought exposures. Drought imposed during vegetative stage did not significantly affect yield; however, regardless of seed priming treatments, yield reduction was inevitable in rice plants exposed to drought during booting or heading stages. Rice plant shortened time to reached physiological maturity as an adaptive mechanism if drought treatment was applied during heading stage. Keywords: Germination, Polyethylene glycol, Seedling growth, Seed priming, Yield component
{"title":"Hydro- and Osmo-priming Effects on Upland Rice Exposed to Drought Conditions at Vegetative and Reproductive Stages","authors":"K. Kartika, B. Lakitan, Rofiqoh P. Ria","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2021.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2021.053","url":null,"abstract":"Drought stress during vegetative and/or generative stages could cause massive reduction in rice yield. This study evaluated effectiveness of hydro- and osmo-priming on improving seed germination, growth and development of upland rice under drought stress during late vegetative, booting, or heading stage. Treatments consisted of hydro-priming and osmo-priming consisted of three polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations i.e. 10%, 15%, and 20%. Results showed that application of osmo-priming at 10% PEG required longer time (21.93 hours) to reach 50% germination, lower germination and lower vigor index. However, after germination, seeds primed with 10% PEG exhibited better seedling growth than other seed priming treatments. Effects of seed priming on yield components were overshadowed by drought exposures. Drought imposed during vegetative stage did not significantly affect yield; however, regardless of seed priming treatments, yield reduction was inevitable in rice plants exposed to drought during booting or heading stages. Rice plant shortened time to reached physiological maturity as an adaptive mechanism if drought treatment was applied during heading stage.\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000Keywords: Germination, Polyethylene glycol, Seedling growth, Seed priming, Yield component","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48668525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-16DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2021.065
Supawadee Osotprasit, Tepparit Samrit, Athit Chaiwichien, N. Changklungmoa, Krai Meemon, Nakorn Niamnont, Preeyanuch Manohong, Kunwadee Noonong, M. Tamtin, P. Sobhon, P. Kueakhai
Caulerpa lentillifera (sea grape) has been widely used in pharmaceutical industry and health-care products in Thailand. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the toxicity and antioxidant capacity of sea grape extracts in five fractions (ethanol- CLET, hexane- CLHE, ethyl acetate- CLEA, butanol-CLBU, and aqueous-CLAQ). The extracts were evaluated for cytotoxicity by MTT and LDH assays on four cell lines, fibroblast (L929), macrophages (RAW 264.7), hepatocytes (FL83B), and keratinocytes (HaCaT). Genotoxicity was tested by comet assay and micronucleus assay on human lymphoblast cells (TK6). The antioxidant capacity was measured by DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays. Our results demonstrated low cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CLET, CLBU and CLAQ. When tested by DPPH and ABTS assays, CLET, CLEA, and CLHE showed high antioxidant activity. In conclusion, CLET, CLBU, and CLAQ demonstrated no toxic effects, and CLET, CLEA, and CLHE exhibited high antioxidant capacity. Therefore, our results indicated that CLET, CLEA, and CLHE could be consumed safely at doses lower than 500 and 200 μg/ml for CLHE and CLEA, respectively. Keywords: Anti-oxidation, Caulerpa lentillifera, Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity
{"title":"Toxicity and Anti-Oxidation Capacity of The Extracts from Caulerpa lentillifera","authors":"Supawadee Osotprasit, Tepparit Samrit, Athit Chaiwichien, N. Changklungmoa, Krai Meemon, Nakorn Niamnont, Preeyanuch Manohong, Kunwadee Noonong, M. Tamtin, P. Sobhon, P. Kueakhai","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2021.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2021.065","url":null,"abstract":"Caulerpa lentillifera (sea grape) has been widely used in pharmaceutical industry and health-care products in Thailand. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the toxicity and antioxidant capacity of sea grape extracts in five fractions (ethanol- CLET, hexane- CLHE, ethyl acetate- CLEA, butanol-CLBU, and aqueous-CLAQ). The extracts were evaluated for cytotoxicity by MTT and LDH assays on four cell lines, fibroblast (L929), macrophages (RAW 264.7), hepatocytes (FL83B), and keratinocytes (HaCaT). Genotoxicity was tested by comet assay and micronucleus assay on human lymphoblast cells (TK6). The antioxidant capacity was measured by DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays. Our results demonstrated low cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CLET, CLBU and CLAQ. When tested by DPPH and ABTS assays, CLET, CLEA, and CLHE showed high antioxidant activity. In conclusion, CLET, CLBU, and CLAQ demonstrated no toxic effects, and CLET, CLEA, and CLHE exhibited high antioxidant capacity. Therefore, our results indicated that CLET, CLEA, and CLHE could be consumed safely at doses lower than 500 and 200 μg/ml for CLHE and CLEA, respectively.\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000Keywords: Anti-oxidation, Caulerpa lentillifera, Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48920565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-16DOI: 10.12982/cmujns.2021.056
W. Suttana, C. Singharachai, Rawiwan Charoensup, Narawadee Rujanapun, Chutima Suya
Chemotherapy can cause multidrug resistance in cancer cells and is cytotoxic to normal cells. Discovering natural bioactive compounds that are not cytotoxic to normal cells but inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in drug- sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells could overcome these drawbacks of chemotherapy. This study investigated the antiproliferative effects of crude extracts of Benchalokawichian (BLW) remedy and its herbal components against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells, cytotoxicity of the extracts toward normal cells, and their ability to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells. The extracts exhibited antiproliferative activity against doxorubicin-sensitive and doxorubicin-resistant erythromyelogenous leukemic cells (K562 and K562/adr). Tiliacora triandra root, BLW, and Harrisonia perforata root extracts displayed an IC50 of 77.00 ± 1.30, 79.33 ± 1.33, and 87.67 ± 0.67 µg/mL, respectively, against K562 cells. In contrast, Clerodendrum petasites, T. triandra, and H. perforata root extracts displayed the lowest IC50 against K562/adr cells (68.89 ± 0.75, 78.33 ± 0.69, and 86.78 ± 1.92 µg/mL, respectively). The resistance factor of the extracts was lower than that of doxorubicin, indicating that the extracts could overcome the multidrug resistance of cancer cells. Importantly, the extracts were negligibly cytotoxic to peripheral mononuclear cells, indicating minimal adverse effects in normal cells. In addition, these extracts induced apoptosis of K562 and K562/adr cells and caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in K562 cells. Keywords: Antiproliferative, Apoptosis, Benchalokawichian, Cell cycle, Multidrug resistance
{"title":"Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-Inducing Activities of Benchalokawichian Remedy Against Doxorubicin-Sensitive and -Resistant Erythromyelogenous Leukemic Cells","authors":"W. Suttana, C. Singharachai, Rawiwan Charoensup, Narawadee Rujanapun, Chutima Suya","doi":"10.12982/cmujns.2021.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/cmujns.2021.056","url":null,"abstract":"Chemotherapy can cause multidrug resistance in cancer cells and is cytotoxic to normal cells. Discovering natural bioactive compounds that are not cytotoxic to normal cells but inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in drug- sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells could overcome these drawbacks of chemotherapy. This study investigated the antiproliferative effects of crude extracts of Benchalokawichian (BLW) remedy and its herbal components against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells, cytotoxicity of the extracts toward normal cells, and their ability to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells. The extracts exhibited antiproliferative activity against doxorubicin-sensitive and doxorubicin-resistant erythromyelogenous leukemic cells (K562 and K562/adr). Tiliacora triandra root, BLW, and Harrisonia perforata root extracts displayed an IC50 of 77.00 ± 1.30, 79.33 ± 1.33, and 87.67 ± 0.67 µg/mL, respectively, against K562 cells. In contrast, Clerodendrum petasites, T. triandra, and H. perforata root extracts displayed the lowest IC50 against K562/adr cells (68.89 ± 0.75, 78.33 ± 0.69, and 86.78 ± 1.92 µg/mL, respectively). The resistance factor of the extracts was lower than that of doxorubicin, indicating that the extracts could overcome the multidrug resistance of cancer cells. Importantly, the extracts were negligibly cytotoxic to peripheral mononuclear cells, indicating minimal adverse effects in normal cells. In addition, these extracts induced apoptosis of K562 and K562/adr cells and caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in K562 cells.\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000Keywords: Antiproliferative, Apoptosis, Benchalokawichian, Cell cycle, Multidrug resistance","PeriodicalId":10049,"journal":{"name":"Chiang Mai University journal of natural sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47173674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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