Geohazard Mechanics最新文献_第2页

Near-field ground motion intensity parameters of the major February 06, 2023, Türkey Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequences 2023年2月6日<s:1> rkey kahramanmaraki地震序列的近场地震动强度参数

Geohazard Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghm.2025.08.002

Chenna Rajaram , Jayaprakash Vemuri , Vesile Hatun Akansel

Türkey is located in a seismically active region where the Anatolia, Africa, and Arabia tectonic plates converge. The high seismic hazard causes the region to be repeatedly struck by major earthquakes. On February 06, 2023, a devastating Mw 7.7 earthquake struck Türkey at 04:17 a.m. local time (01:17 UTC). Around 9 h later at 10:24 a.m. local time, another destructive Mw 7.6 earthquake struck at a distance of 95 km towards the north of the first earthquake (www.tadas.afad.gov.tr). The strong ground motion from the Mw 7.7 event shows peak ground accelerations exceeding 1 g in the near-field region and affected 11 cities. The effect of the complex fault geometry on the observed high PGAs needs to be examined to understand the associated structural damage. The present study investigates the key characteristics of strong ground motions recorded from 40 stations located in the vicinity of 100 km which are commonly used intensity parameters for vulnerability and risk analysis. The complex interaction between fault segments significantly influenced the overall rupture process and the distribution of ground shaking and generated significant pulse-like ground motions in the near-fault region. These ground motions exhibited directivity effects, characterized by pulse-like velocities, high peak ground accelerations, and spectral accelerations. The response spectra are derived for ground motions from several stations for the present destructive/major earthquake and are observed to exceed code prescribed spectra corresponding to the 475-year and 2475-year return periods.

基岛位于安纳托利亚、非洲和阿拉伯构造板块交汇的地震活跃区域。高地震危险性导致该地区多次发生大地震。2023年2月6日，当地时间凌晨04:17（世界标准时间01:17），一场毁灭性的7.7级地震袭击了新西兰。大约9小时后，当地时间上午10点24分，在第一次地震以北95公里处又发生了破坏性的7.6级地震（www.tadas.afad.gov.tr）。7.7级地震引起的强烈地面运动显示，近场区域的峰值地面加速度超过1g，影响了11个城市。复杂的断层几何形状对观察到的高PGAs的影响需要进行检查，以了解相关的结构损伤。本文研究了位于100公里附近的40个台站记录的强地面运动的关键特征，这些特征是进行脆弱性和风险分析的常用强度参数。断层段之间复杂的相互作用显著影响了整个断裂过程和地震动的分布，并在近断层区域产生了明显的脉状地震动。这些地面运动表现出方向性效应，其特征是脉冲速度、峰值地面加速度和谱加速度。响应谱是由几个台站对当前的破坏性/大地震的地面运动导出的，并观察到超过了对应于475年和2475年回复期的规范规定谱。

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引用次数: 0

Size effect of temperature field in large tunnel subjected to freeze-thaw disasters 冻融灾害下大型隧道温度场的尺寸效应

Geohazard Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghm.2025.08.006

Naifei Liu , Dongqing Xu , Yinliang Yang , Shuangjie Wang , Bei Yang , Hua Liu , Zeming Yu

The change in size (transverse section and longitudinal length) of a tunnel will result in variation in the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the tunnel temperature field, particularly in the cold region. Understanding the size effect on the temperature field is crucial for the prevention of freeze-thaw disasters in large tunnels in high-altitude frozen soil areas. This study investigates the distribution of the tunnel temperature field, considering traffic wind through numerical simulations. The research explores how changes in size affect both the temporal and spatial distribution of tunnel temperatures and freeze-thaw depths. The findings reveal that traffic wind significantly influences tunnel temperature fields, with larger amplitudes observed when accounting for traffic wind compared to no-traffic wind conditions. Additionally, peak temperature of surrounding rock decreases logarithmically with increasing tunnel diameter and depth, while freeze-thaw depth decreases logarithmically with increased section size. Furthermore, the peak temperature of surrounding rock and the freeze-thaw depth are inversely proportional to the tunnel length. Based on these observations regarding section size and length's impact on temperature fields, a mathematical relationship between freeze-thaw depth within surrounding rock and tunnel dimensions is established to elucidate the size effect on temperature fields. These research results could provide theoretical guidance for the design, construction, and disaster prevention of tunnels in alpine regions.

隧道尺寸（横断面和纵长）的变化会导致隧道温度场时空分布特征的变化，特别是在寒冷地区。了解温度场的尺寸效应对高海拔冻土地区大型隧道冻融灾害的防治具有重要意义。本文通过数值模拟研究了考虑交通风的隧道温度场分布。研究探讨了隧道尺寸变化对隧道温度和冻融深度时空分布的影响。研究结果表明，交通风对隧道温度场的影响显著，与无交通风条件相比，考虑交通风时观察到的幅度更大。围岩峰值温度随隧道直径和深度的增大呈对数递减，冻融深度随断面尺寸的增大呈对数递减。围岩峰值温度和冻融深度与隧道长度成反比。在观察断面尺寸和长度对温度场影响的基础上，建立了围岩冻融深度与隧道尺寸之间的数学关系，以阐明尺寸对温度场的影响。研究成果可为高寒地区隧道的设计、施工和防灾提供理论指导。

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引用次数: 0

Ground collapse: effect of building position on tunnelling-induced soil movements 地面塌陷：建筑位置对隧道引起的土体移动的影响

Geohazard Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghm.2025.08.001

Chuanjin Tang , Alec M. Marshall

The mechanisms of tunnelling-induced ground movements are important for risk assessments of tunnelling beneath masonry buildings with shallow foundations, including ground collapse disasters. This paper presents results from five geotechnical centrifuge tests to investigate tunnelling-induced ground movements under the influence of the relative position between the tunnel and a masonry building in plain strain conditions. The tunnel eccentricity-to-building length ratio (e/L) ranges from 0 (tunnel directly below building centre) to 1/2 (tunnel directly below building edge). An advanced coupled centrifuge-numerical modelling (CCNM) method was employed, where the soil, tunnel, and strip foundation are represented in the experimental domain, and the masonry building is modelled in a numerical simulation running in parallel, with key vertical displacements/loads transferred between the domains at the shared boundary (i.e. beneath the building and above the strip foundation). The CCNM approach highlights the significance of building load redistribution on the ground response during centrifuge testing. Results demonstrate that surface and subsurface ground movements in tunnelling scenarios are altered by nearby building positions. It presents the changes in soil vertical and horizontal displacements, key parameters of settlement troughs, soil volume loss, and engineering shear and volumetric strains of the soil. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of tunnelling-induced ground movements under the influence of nearby buildings and serves as an important reference for risk assessments of the construction of new tunnels as well as for numerical and theoretical studies.

浅基础砌体建筑下隧道开挖引起的地表移动机制对地下塌方灾害等风险评估具有重要意义。本文介绍了在平原应变条件下，在隧道与砌体建筑之间的相对位置影响下，隧道引起的地面移动的五次岩土离心试验的结果。隧道偏心率与建筑物长度比（e/L）的取值范围为0（隧道正位于建筑物中心下方）至1/2（隧道正位于建筑物边缘下方）。采用一种先进的耦合离心-数值模拟（CCNM）方法，将土、隧道和条形基础表示为实验域，将砌体建筑模拟为并行运行的数值模拟，并在共享边界处（即建筑物下方和条形基础上方）在两个域之间传递关键的垂直位移/荷载。CCNM方法强调了离心机试验过程中建筑荷载再分配对地面响应的重要性。结果表明，在隧道开挖场景中，地表和地下的地面运动受到附近建筑物位置的影响。给出了土体竖向和水平位移、沉降槽关键参数、土体体积损失、土体工程剪切应变和体积应变的变化。本研究揭示了在附近建筑物影响下隧道诱发地面移动的机理，为新隧道建设的风险评估以及数值和理论研究提供了重要参考。

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引用次数: 0

Hydration-induced fractures in shale with silt layers: A perspective on slope stability 含粉砂层页岩水化裂缝：斜坡稳定性的视角

Geohazard Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghm.2025.06.003

AKM Badrul Alam , Yoshiaki Fujii , Nahid Hasan , Torin Chakma

This study investigates the phenomenon of slope failure in shale, particularly in the context of heavy rainfall events. Despite the critical role that water plays in influencing the stability of shale slopes, the effects of hydrological conditions on their structural integrity remain inadequately understood. To address this gap, the research integrates field observations with controlled laboratory experiments aimed at elucidating the relationship between water infiltration and shale stability under varying boundary conditions. Shale blocks without silt layers (SNSL) and those with horizontal (H-SSL) and vertical (V-SSL) silt layers were considered. Vertical tensile fractures were observed in SNSL blocks, while H-SSL blocks displayed horizontal fractures along the silt layers, particularly at failed corners in the BFC. Fractures along the silt layers and diagonal fractures were more pronounced under the BCC. V-SSL blocks exhibited the formation of vertical rock columns along the silt layers, which were more common in the BFC. Inclined small fractures were commonly observed under the BCC. In a wet environment, shale demonstrates high responsiveness, and its behavior in the presence of water is complex. Water interaction with shale blocks leads to fracture formation, influenced by the clay matrix and silt layers. The introduction of water alters the clay matrix, resulting in tensile fractures. Silt layers act as weak planes, facilitating fracture propagation. Notably, shale is vulnerable under the BCC, with increased vulnerability under the BFC, particularly due to silt layers with outward-facing dips. The study recommends constructing retaining walls and applying polymers to enhance local and regional stability, mitigating the risks associated with slope failure.

本研究探讨了页岩中边坡破坏的现象，特别是在强降雨事件的背景下。尽管水在影响页岩斜坡的稳定性方面发挥着关键作用，但水文条件对其结构完整性的影响仍未得到充分了解。为了解决这一空白，该研究将现场观测与受控的实验室实验相结合，旨在阐明不同边界条件下水入渗与页岩稳定性之间的关系。考虑了无粉砂层（SNSL）、水平（H-SSL）和垂直（V-SSL）粉砂层的页岩块。在SNSL区块中观察到垂直拉伸裂缝，而H-SSL区块沿粉砂层呈现水平裂缝，特别是在BFC的破坏角。BCC下沿粉砂层裂缝和斜向裂缝更为明显。V-SSL块体沿粉砂层形成垂直岩柱，在BFC中更为常见。BCC下常见倾斜小骨折。在潮湿环境中，页岩表现出高度的响应性，其在水存在下的行为是复杂的。受粘土基质和粉砂层的影响，水与页岩块体的相互作用导致裂缝的形成。水的引入改变了粘土基质，导致拉伸裂缝。淤泥层起弱面作用，有利于裂缝扩展。值得注意的是，页岩在BCC下是脆弱的，在BFC下脆弱性增加，特别是由于向外倾斜的粉砂层。该研究建议建造挡土墙和使用聚合物来增强当地和区域的稳定性，减轻与边坡破坏相关的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of the partition failure process and energy evolution in coal-rock composite structure under free surface unloading 自由地表卸荷下煤岩复合结构分区破坏过程及能量演化研究

Geohazard Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghm.2024.07.003

Wenkai Ru , Shanchao Hu , Qingheng Gu , Qing Ma

Unloading failure of the coal-rock (CR) system is the key factor leading to rock burst disaster. Therefore, it is very important to explore the failure mechanism of the CR system by laboratory test. Initially, CR composite samples underwent laboratory tests with unloading pressure at various rates (0.03–0.12 MPa/s). However, due to the limitations of the available monitoring equipment, the recorded deformation data were restricted to the coal mass, which may lead to inaccurate conclusions as potential rock deformation was not captured. Subsequently, coal and rock mass deformations were separately monitored by simulating corresponding unloading pressure tests using PFC2D numerical software. Simulation results suggested that the peak of the AE event during the critical stage before sample failure could serve as an indicator of imminent sample destabilization. Post-failure observation revealed a higher degree of damage in the coal mass (35.02%) compared to the rock mass (12.17%), indicating that coal mass destabilization triggers destabilization in CR composite samples. Moreover, faster unloading rates corresponded to deeper damage in the coal mass. Additionally, macroscopic tensile and tensile-shear cracks were observed in the rock mass, while macroscopic shear cracks were present in the coal mass, providing insights into the unloading confining failure mode of CR samples. Finally, the study established a relationship between unloading rate and bursting liability by introducing the elastic energy density difference index. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of rock burst disasters.

煤岩系统卸荷破坏是导致冲击地压灾害的关键因素。因此，通过室内试验探索CR系统的失效机理具有重要意义。首先，CR复合材料样品在不同速率（0.03-0.12 MPa/s）的卸载压力下进行实验室测试。然而，由于现有监测设备的限制，记录的变形数据仅限于煤体，这可能导致结论不准确，因为没有捕捉到潜在的岩石变形。随后，利用PFC2D数值软件模拟相应的卸荷压力试验，分别监测煤岩体变形。模拟结果表明，试样破坏前的关键阶段声发射峰值可以作为试样即将失稳的指标。破坏后观察显示，煤体破坏程度（35.02%）高于岩体破坏程度（12.17%），说明煤体失稳触发了CR复合试样的失稳。卸荷速率越快，煤体损伤越深。此外，在岩体中观察到宏观拉伸和拉剪裂缝，而在煤体中则存在宏观剪切裂缝，这为CR试样的卸载围合破坏模式提供了新的思路。最后，通过引入弹性能密度差指数，建立了卸载速率与冲击倾向性之间的关系。研究结果可为岩爆灾害的防治提供理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Erratum regarding previously published articles 关于以前发表的文章的勘误

Geohazard Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghm.2025.02.004

引用次数: 0

Application of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for flood susceptibility mapping using GIS techniques in lower reach of Keleghai River Basin, West Bengal, India 基于GIS技术的层次分析法在印度西孟加拉邦克里格海河下游洪水易感度制图中的应用

Geohazard Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghm.2025.06.002

Nityananda Sar , P.K. Ryngnga , Dipak Kumar De

Flooding is one of the most devastating quasi-natural hazards in Southeast Asian monsoon region. The recent study aims to define the flood risk zones (FRZ) by using the multi criteria evaluation (MCE) method with the help of the Geographical Information System (GIS) of the lower Keleghai River Basin in West Bengal. For this purpose, post-monsoon multi-temporal Landsat-8 satellite imagery, topographical maps and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data have been used to identify the severity level of the flood risk area. To perform this study, different thematic raster layers of nine flood-conditioning factors like elevation, slope, rainfall, geomorphology, drainage density, distance from the river, LULC, SPI and TWI integrated to prepare a flood-zoning map using Weighted Overlay Linear Sum Model (WLSM) in GIS environment. The method of training set and validation in different locations in the study area of existing flood and prepared flood-prone zone has been tested to validate the study. The results depicted that in general very low (0.00–0.25), moderate (0.50–0.25), high (0.75–0.50) and severe (1–0.75)) flood risk zones found in the study area and the proposed multi-criteria approach of spatial layers in GIS environs provides a better assessment of flood risk zone. The outcomes of the study guide in developing comprehensive flood management strategies for efficient management on a priority basis of present and future flood hazards in the area.

洪水是东南亚季风区最具破坏性的准自然灾害之一。本文旨在利用地理信息系统（GIS），利用多准则评价（MCE）方法对西孟加拉邦克里格海下游流域进行洪水危险区（FRZ）的确定。为此，使用季风后多时相Landsat-8卫星图像、地形图和航天雷达地形任务（SRTM）数字高程模型（DEM）数据来确定洪水危险区的严重程度。在GIS环境下，利用加权叠加线性和模型（Weighted Overlay Linear Sum Model， WLSM），将高程、坡度、降雨量、地貌、排水密度、离河距离、LULC、SPI和TWI等9个洪水调节因子的不同主题栅格层进行整合，绘制洪水分区图。在研究区已有洪涝和准备洪涝易发区的不同位置对训练集和验证方法进行了测试，验证了研究的有效性。结果表明，研究区总体上存在极低（0.000 ~ 0.25）、中等（0.50 ~ 0.25）、高（0.75 ~ 0.50）和严重（1 ~ 0.75）洪水风险区，GIS环境空间分层多准则方法能较好地评价洪水风险区。该研究的结果可指导制定全面的洪水管理策略，以有效地优先管理该地区目前和未来的洪水灾害。

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引用次数: 0

Macro-micro investigation of catastrophic damage and durability degradation in anchorage structures under corrosion 腐蚀作用下锚固结构突变损伤与耐久性退化的宏微观研究

Geohazard Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghm.2025.06.004

Aiwen Wang , Yibo Wu , Benjiang Zhang , Xinyang Bao

To thoroughly investigate the damage evolution of anchorage structures under corrosive conditions, laboratory simulations of corrosive environments were conducted, including corrosion tests and mechanical performance evaluations on anchorage systems. Based on experimental results, relationships were analyzed between factors (prestress, pH value, and anti-corrosion methods) and the corrosion degree, macro-micro characteristics, and mechanical performance degradation patterns of specimens. The results of the test indicated that: (1) the corrosion of coal bodies increases over time, and lower pH environments correspond to lower uniaxial compressive strength of coal bodies; (2) the corrosion of the rock bolts increases over time, the maximum mechanical performance in the rock bolts loss occurs at pH = 5.0, and higher prestress of the rock bolts leads to greater mechanical degradation, and galvanization effectively reduces corrosion in functional rock bolts; (3) the degree of corrosion in the anchorage bodies has increases over time, pH = 5.0 causes maximum bond strength of the anchorage bodies property loss and increases the prestress in the anchorage bodies exacerbates bond strength degradation, and double anti-protected anchorage bodies show less bond strength loss than ordinary ones. The corrosion-induced structural deterioration of underground anchorage systems leads to significant mechanical performance degradation, potentially causing support failure, surrounding rock instability, and roof fall disasters. Greater attention therefore needs to be paid to this area.

为了深入研究腐蚀条件下锚固结构的损伤演化，对锚固系统进行了腐蚀环境的实验室模拟，包括腐蚀试验和力学性能评估。根据试验结果，分析了预应力、pH值、防腐方式等因素与试件腐蚀程度、宏微观特征及力学性能退化规律的关系。试验结果表明：(1)煤体腐蚀随时间增加，pH值越低，煤体单轴抗压强度越低；(2)锚杆腐蚀随时间增加，在pH = 5.0时锚杆力学性能损失最大，锚杆预应力越高，机械性能退化越大，镀锌有效降低功能锚杆腐蚀；(3)锚固体腐蚀程度随时间的推移而增加，pH = 5.0会导致锚固体最大粘结强度损失，锚固体预应力的增加加剧了粘结强度的退化，双抗保护锚固体的粘结强度损失小于普通锚固体。腐蚀引起的地下锚固系统结构劣化会导致显著的力学性能劣化，可能导致支护破坏、围岩失稳和顶板垮塌灾害。因此，需要对这一领域给予更多的注意。

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引用次数: 0

Kinetic characterisation of sandstone exposed to high temperature-water cooling cycle treatments under the impact loading: from the perspective of geohazard 冲击载荷下高温-水冷循环处理砂岩的动力学特征：基于地质灾害的视角

Geohazard Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghm.2024.12.001

Lei Hong , Wen Wang , Xuewen Cao , Yuxiang Song , XiaoWei Lu , Shu Jiang , Cheng Zhai

Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) improve geothermal energy extraction but can rapidly cool high-temperature rocks, leading to internal fractures that weaken mechanical properties and pose risks such as well collapses and seismic events. Understanding the physico-mechanical changes in dry hot rocks, particularly sandstone, when high-temperature water cooling cycles is essential. This study examines the dynamic behavior of sandstone through impact tests at varying temperatures and cycles. Results show that as temperature and cycle count increased, peak dynamic stress decreased while dynamic strain increased. A critical temperature range of 500–600 °C was identified, beyond which significant changes in dynamic stress and strain occurred, indicating severe damage to the specimens’ stability. High-temperature water cooling cycles enhanced energy reflectivity and dissipated energy, reducing transmittance. The study revealed that between 200 and 400 °C, tensile damage predominated, while between 500 and 600 °C, compression-shear damage was dominant. Increasing temperature and cycles led to more extensive cracking and increased rock fragmentation. These findings provide a basis for assessing the stability of sandstone and offer theoretical insights into mechanical properties, energy transfer, and crack propagation in geothermal energy extraction, aiding in the prevention of geological disasters.

增强型地热系统（EGS）改善了地热能源的开采，但会迅速冷却高温岩石，导致内部裂缝，削弱机械性能，并带来井塌和地震事件等风险。了解干热岩石的物理力学变化，特别是砂岩，当高温水冷却循环是必不可少的。本研究通过在不同温度和循环下的冲击试验考察了砂岩的动态行为。结果表明：随着温度和循环次数的增加，峰值动应力减小，而动态应变增大；确定了500-600℃的临界温度范围，超过该温度范围，试件的动应力和动应变发生显著变化，表明试件的稳定性受到严重破坏。高温水冷却循环增强了能量反射率和耗散能量，降低了透光率。研究表明，在200 ~ 400℃之间，拉伸损伤为主，而在500 ~ 600℃之间，压剪损伤为主。温度升高和循环次数增加导致更广泛的开裂和岩石破碎。这些发现为评估砂岩的稳定性提供了基础，并为地热能开采中的力学特性、能量传递和裂缝扩展提供了理论见解，有助于预防地质灾害。

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引用次数: 0

Difference of “whole-process and stages” response law of energy evolution regulated by high energy storage rock modification 高能量岩石变质调节能量演化“全过程、阶段性”响应规律的差异

Geohazard Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghm.2025.06.001

Xingping Lai , Shuai Zhang , Jiantao Cao , Yao Sun , Feilong Xin

Aiming at the technical problems of regional rock burst control and disaster reduction, the indoor comparative tests of three kinds of variables are designed, involving water content, borehole diameter and borehole filling materials. This research analyzed the characteristics of the whole process of energy evolution of rock impacted by different regulation methods, and revealed the differences and applicable conditions of different regulation methods in reducing the impact mechanism. The results show that different control methods can effectively change the mechanical parameters of the target object. There are significant stage differences in the energy evolution of impact rocks. By constructing the energy conversion efficiency model, the study further elaborated on the water injection softening mechanism of "release first and then weaken", the drilling pressure relief mechanism of "guide first and then release" and the filling strengthening regulation mechanism of "release first and then absorb". The study of the optimal application conditions of different control measures provides an important basis for the regulation and disaster reduction of rock burst.

针对区域岩爆防治减灾的技术问题，设计了含水率、钻孔直径、钻孔充填材料3种变量的室内对比试验。本研究分析了不同调节方法影响下岩石能量演化全过程的特征，揭示了不同调节方法在减小冲击机理方面的差异及适用条件。结果表明，不同的控制方法可以有效地改变目标物体的力学参数。冲击岩石的能量演化具有明显的阶段差异。通过构建能量转换效率模型，进一步阐述了“先释放后减弱”的注水软化机制、“先引导后释放”的钻井泄压机制和“先释放后吸收”的充填强化调节机制。研究不同防治措施的最优适用条件，为岩爆治理和减灾提供了重要依据。

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引用次数: 0