Core-shell metal nanostructures have garnered significant attention from researchers worldwide in recent years due to their size- and shape-dependent properties, which arise from the synergistic effects between the core and shell. These properties are particularly valuable for applications in catalysis. This review focuses on recent advancements in the synthesis of various metal shell layers on cores of different sizes and shapes for the catalytic reduction of nitroaromatics. Initially, recent contributions to the synthesis of diverse bimetallic nanostructures, including hollow, crown-jewel, alloy, and core-shell architectures are summarized. Subsequently, the influence of tailoring metal shells, including monolayer, bilayer, and alloy layer metal shells on core metals, on the catalytic activity of nitroaromatics is discussed. This review highlights significant progress in the design and synthesis of various nanostructures and compositions through precise control of nucleation and growth processes using specific synthetic methods. Moreover, the discussion focused on how the catalytic reduction of nitroaromatics is influenced by the synergistic effect when different layers of metal shells are applied to the core. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations associated with the synthesis of core-shell nanostructures are highlighted in each section. Finally, perspectives on future research directions for core-shell metal nanostructures are provided.
{"title":"Tailoring the shell structures in core-shell metal nanostructures for improved catalytic reduction of nitroaromatics","authors":"Manickam Sundarapandi , Alagarsamy Pandikumar , Perumal Rameshkumar , Ramasamy Ramaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Core-shell metal nanostructures have garnered significant attention from researchers worldwide in recent years due to their size- and shape-dependent properties, which arise from the synergistic effects between the core and shell. These properties are particularly valuable for applications in catalysis. This review focuses on recent advancements in the synthesis of various metal shell layers on cores of different sizes and shapes for the catalytic reduction of nitroaromatics. Initially, recent contributions to the synthesis of diverse bimetallic nanostructures, including hollow, crown-jewel, alloy, and core-shell architectures are summarized. Subsequently, the influence of tailoring metal shells, including monolayer, bilayer, and alloy layer metal shells on core metals, on the catalytic activity of nitroaromatics is discussed. This review highlights significant progress in the design and synthesis of various nanostructures and compositions through precise control of nucleation and growth processes using specific synthetic methods. Moreover, the discussion focused on how the catalytic reduction of nitroaromatics is influenced by the synergistic effect when different layers of metal shells are applied to the core. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations associated with the synthesis of core-shell nanostructures are highlighted in each section. Finally, perspectives on future research directions for core-shell metal nanostructures are provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div><div>In this growing technological world, laser decal transfer has emerged as a groundbreaking technique due to its ability to offer high precision, material versatility, and design freedom. While various combinations of metals have been explored for applications ranging from aerospace and biomedical devices to micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), it works on conventional printing processes that rely on wire or powder as raw materials, which limit their applicability in certain end-use cases. In contrast, laser decal transfer enables the precise deposition of materials without phase changes, making it particularly suitable for advanced applications where chemical and functional integrity must be maintained. Most MEMS devices are fabricated using either lithography-based processes or microfabrication systems, both of which involve phase change during fabrication. This phase change often alters the chemical and functional properties of the devices, highlighting the need for a fabrication method that preserves the original material characteristics. With advancements in technologies, a thin film-based laser decal transfer setup is yet to be fully explored for printing thin-film materials in pixelated form over substrates, enabling substrate- and material-independent processes.</div><div>The present work focuses on the development of a laser decal transfer-based printing process using thin film as feed material for the fabrication of MEMS devices for piezo-tribo hybrid applications. Surface modification is explored to enhance static charge retention over surfaces. Initially, a silicon wafer is coated with a sacrificial layer over which a piezo-ceramic (ZnO) is sputtered to develop a seed layer. A CO<sub>2</sub> laser (λ=10.6 μm) is utilized in the proposed work, with a detailed investigation of laser processing parameters conducted for effective control over piezo-ceramic transfer and selective positioning. The influence of laser fluence and standoff distance is analyzed, and laser pulse overlap's effect on heat-affected zones and material transfer is thoroughly examined.</div><div>Based on optimized parameters, the selective control and transfer of ceramic onto solid and flexible substrates are demonstrated. The selectively transferred nanoparticles in various patterns are further grown using a hydrothermal technique. Material characterization is performed to confirm the pixelated transfer of ceramic without phase transfer, and the surface adhesivity of transferred material is analyzed using a scotch tape test. Finally, a ZnO-FEP-based piezo-tribo hybrid device is fabricated, tested for both piezoelectric and triboelectric responses, and further explored for hybrid device applications. The proposed technology of laser decal transfer has significant potential for the complex printing of sensors without directly affecting the material, allowing for controlled gradient-based properties. This approach holds great promise for futuristic technologi
{"title":"Unraveling the laser decal transfer-based printing of ZnO ceramic towards FEP-ZnO-based Piezo-Tribo hybrid nanogenerators","authors":"Arpit Kumar Singh, Anshu Sahu, Palani Iyamperumal Anand","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this growing technological world, laser decal transfer has emerged as a groundbreaking technique due to its ability to offer high precision, material versatility, and design freedom. While various combinations of metals have been explored for applications ranging from aerospace and biomedical devices to micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), it works on conventional printing processes that rely on wire or powder as raw materials, which limit their applicability in certain end-use cases. In contrast, laser decal transfer enables the precise deposition of materials without phase changes, making it particularly suitable for advanced applications where chemical and functional integrity must be maintained. Most MEMS devices are fabricated using either lithography-based processes or microfabrication systems, both of which involve phase change during fabrication. This phase change often alters the chemical and functional properties of the devices, highlighting the need for a fabrication method that preserves the original material characteristics. With advancements in technologies, a thin film-based laser decal transfer setup is yet to be fully explored for printing thin-film materials in pixelated form over substrates, enabling substrate- and material-independent processes.</div><div>The present work focuses on the development of a laser decal transfer-based printing process using thin film as feed material for the fabrication of MEMS devices for piezo-tribo hybrid applications. Surface modification is explored to enhance static charge retention over surfaces. Initially, a silicon wafer is coated with a sacrificial layer over which a piezo-ceramic (ZnO) is sputtered to develop a seed layer. A CO<sub>2</sub> laser (λ=10.6 μm) is utilized in the proposed work, with a detailed investigation of laser processing parameters conducted for effective control over piezo-ceramic transfer and selective positioning. The influence of laser fluence and standoff distance is analyzed, and laser pulse overlap's effect on heat-affected zones and material transfer is thoroughly examined.</div><div>Based on optimized parameters, the selective control and transfer of ceramic onto solid and flexible substrates are demonstrated. The selectively transferred nanoparticles in various patterns are further grown using a hydrothermal technique. Material characterization is performed to confirm the pixelated transfer of ceramic without phase transfer, and the surface adhesivity of transferred material is analyzed using a scotch tape test. Finally, a ZnO-FEP-based piezo-tribo hybrid device is fabricated, tested for both piezoelectric and triboelectric responses, and further explored for hybrid device applications. The proposed technology of laser decal transfer has significant potential for the complex printing of sensors without directly affecting the material, allowing for controlled gradient-based properties. This approach holds great promise for futuristic technologi","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100082
N. Gogneau , P. Chrétien , T.K. Sodhi , Q.C. Bui , A. Chevillard , S.W. Chen , L. Couraud , L. Travers , J.C. Harmand , M. Tchernycheva , F. Houzé
Nanowires (NWs) have emerged as a system of interest for developing ultra-compact piezoelectric nanogenerators. In addition to their quasi-crystalline perfection and large surface-to-volume ratio, which confer them a large degree of elastic deformation and high sensitivity to applied forces, sub-100 nm-wide NWs present the particularity to exhibit specific nanometer scale properties leading to a strong modulation of their characteristics. Among these “new properties”, we can cite the modulation of the free carrier concentration due to the surface charge (SC) effects. Regarding this last property, simulations have recently established that these SCs can improve the piezoelectric response of the NWs. The in-depth understanding of the relationship between the SCs and the NW piezoelectric conversion capacities is thus now a prerequisite. In this overview, we investigate the impact of the surface in sub-100 nm-wide GaN NWs, as a function of their diameter and direct environment - two characteristics known to strongly modulate the SC influence. By using a unique advanced nano-characterization tool derived from AFM equipped with a modified Resiscope module to quantify the piezo-conversion properties of NWs, we experimentally confirm that the SCs are useful for improving the piezo-response. By adjusting the NW dimensions and/or their direct environment to take advantage of the SCs, we demonstrate average outputs up to 528 mV generated per GaN NW and strongly improved electromechanical conversion efficiency, up to 43 %. We thus highlight the importance of the proper engineering of GaN NW surfaces, allowing to maximize the piezoelectric response of the GaN NW-based nanogenerators.
{"title":"The surface charge effects: A route to the enhancement of the piezoelectric conversion efficiency in GaN nanowires","authors":"N. Gogneau , P. Chrétien , T.K. Sodhi , Q.C. Bui , A. Chevillard , S.W. Chen , L. Couraud , L. Travers , J.C. Harmand , M. Tchernycheva , F. Houzé","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanowires (NWs) have emerged as a system of interest for developing ultra-compact piezoelectric nanogenerators. In addition to their quasi-crystalline perfection and large surface-to-volume ratio, which confer them a large degree of elastic deformation and high sensitivity to applied forces, sub-100 nm-wide NWs present the particularity to exhibit specific nanometer scale properties leading to a strong modulation of their characteristics. Among these “new properties”, we can cite the modulation of the free carrier concentration due to the surface charge (SC) effects. Regarding this last property, simulations have recently established that these SCs can improve the piezoelectric response of the NWs. The in-depth understanding of the relationship between the SCs and the NW piezoelectric conversion capacities is thus now a prerequisite. In this overview, we investigate the impact of the surface in sub-100 nm-wide GaN NWs, as a function of their diameter and direct environment - two characteristics known to strongly modulate the SC influence. By using a unique advanced nano-characterization tool derived from AFM equipped with a modified Resiscope module to quantify the piezo-conversion properties of NWs, we experimentally confirm that the SCs are useful for improving the piezo-response. By adjusting the NW dimensions and/or their direct environment to take advantage of the SCs, we demonstrate average outputs up to 528 mV generated per GaN NW and strongly improved electromechanical conversion efficiency, up to 43 %. We thus highlight the importance of the proper engineering of GaN NW surfaces, allowing to maximize the piezoelectric response of the GaN NW-based nanogenerators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100078
M. Sall , G. Sow , A. Baillard , A. Dujarrier , L. Goodwin , J.G. Mattei , M. Sequeira , M. Peres , P. Loiko , Y. Doublet , M.P. Chauvat , C.A.P. da Costa , P. Boduch , H. Rothard , A. Braud , B. Damilano , K. Lorenz , C. Grygiel , E. Balanzat , I. Monnet
InN and InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells (MQWs) were subjected to Swift Heavy Ion (SHI) irradiation. Ion track formation was studied using transmission electron microscopy in both plane view and cross-sectional modes. InN shows a remarkable sensitivity towards track formation with a material decomposition experimentally evidenced by means of Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy. The MQWs material shows higher stability with negligible GaN/InGaN interface intermixing along the SHI tracks. This intermixing, proposed for mitigating polarization effects in InGaN/GaN-based light emitting diodes (LED), was achieved by track-free SHI irradiation. This was combined with low temperature thermal treatment at 450 °C with the aim to both create a compositional gradient at the MQWs interfaces and preserving the material luminescence. The obtained results pave the way for the use of SHI irradiation for efficient green light emission of InGaN/GaN-based LED.
{"title":"Swift heavy ion irradiation puts InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells on the track for efficient green light emission","authors":"M. Sall , G. Sow , A. Baillard , A. Dujarrier , L. Goodwin , J.G. Mattei , M. Sequeira , M. Peres , P. Loiko , Y. Doublet , M.P. Chauvat , C.A.P. da Costa , P. Boduch , H. Rothard , A. Braud , B. Damilano , K. Lorenz , C. Grygiel , E. Balanzat , I. Monnet","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>InN and InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells (MQWs) were subjected to Swift Heavy Ion (SHI) irradiation. Ion track formation was studied using transmission electron microscopy in both plane view and cross-sectional modes. InN shows a remarkable sensitivity towards track formation with a material decomposition experimentally evidenced by means of Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy. The MQWs material shows higher stability with negligible GaN/InGaN interface intermixing along the SHI tracks. This intermixing, proposed for mitigating polarization effects in InGaN/GaN-based light emitting diodes (LED), was achieved by track-free SHI irradiation. This was combined with low temperature thermal treatment at 450 °C with the aim to both create a compositional gradient at the MQWs interfaces and preserving the material luminescence. The obtained results pave the way for the use of SHI irradiation for efficient green light emission of InGaN/GaN-based LED.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100080
Saisai Hu , Ping Su , Deyin Tao , Luhui Zhu , Aiping Chen , Dawei Gu , Mustafa Eginligil
Energy efficiency vs. degradability of materials making up triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is critical for recyclable energy sources. In this work, we first compared voltage output expectation (Vexp) of contact-separation TENG consisting of two tribo-layers: paper and common plastics used in packaging (both non-biodegradable and biodegradable). Detailed analysis based on atomic force microscopy and capacitance measurements demonstrated surface roughness of soft-rough biodegradable polymers (SRBPs) is expected to yield larger Vexp, predictably. A SRBP composite-based TENG was expected to show ∼7.2 times larger Vexp than a hard-flat nonbiodegradable plastic, demonstrating promising charge transfer efficiency; while the measured voltage (Vmea) was only 6.5% of Vexp. This was unlike the other plastics, including a non-composite SRBP, (Vmea/Vexp ∼0.36) and the low Vmea/Vexp in the SRBP composite-based TENG was attributed to intrinsic material properties. Also, energy conversion efficiency in TENG-based on SRBPs was more than double of hard-flat plastics. This shows the potential of the composite SRBP-based TENG as effective energy harvester.
{"title":"Towards outstanding energy-efficiency in a recyclable triboelectric nanogenerator based on a soft-rough composite material","authors":"Saisai Hu , Ping Su , Deyin Tao , Luhui Zhu , Aiping Chen , Dawei Gu , Mustafa Eginligil","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy efficiency vs. degradability of materials making up triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is critical for recyclable energy sources. In this work, we first compared voltage output expectation (V<sub>exp</sub>) of contact-separation TENG consisting of two tribo-layers: paper and common plastics used in packaging (both non-biodegradable and biodegradable). Detailed analysis based on atomic force microscopy and capacitance measurements demonstrated surface roughness of soft-rough biodegradable polymers (SRBPs) is expected to yield larger V<sub>exp</sub>, predictably. A SRBP composite-based TENG was expected to show ∼7.2 times larger V<sub>exp</sub> than a hard-flat nonbiodegradable plastic, demonstrating promising charge transfer efficiency; while the measured voltage (V<sub>mea</sub>) was only 6.5% of V<sub>exp</sub>. This was unlike the other plastics, including a non-composite SRBP, (V<sub>mea</sub>/V<sub>exp</sub> ∼0.36) and the low V<sub>mea</sub>/V<sub>exp</sub> in the SRBP composite-based TENG was attributed to intrinsic material properties. Also, energy conversion efficiency in TENG-based on SRBPs was more than double of hard-flat plastics. This shows the potential of the composite SRBP-based TENG as effective energy harvester.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are highly promising nanomaterials known for their unique optical and electronic properties, which are crucial for applications in photonics, bioimaging, optoelectronics, etc. This study investigates the nonlinear optical (NLO) responses of CQDs synthesized via three different methods, namely, hydrothermal, microwave-assisted, and green synthesis. The three different synthesized CQDs have shown size-dependent optical and photoluminescence properties. The z-scan technique was employed for measuring the corresponding nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index. Hydrothermal synthesis produced CQDs with strong NLO responses (χ(3) = 4.14 × 10–7 esu) due to high crystallinity and significant surface functionalization, whereas microwave-assisted synthesis resulted (χ(3) = 3.97 × 10–7 esu) in size-dependent NLO variability. Meanwhile, the green synthesis method, utilizing natural resources and organic precursors which replaced by chemical capping agents such as PEG, showed a moderate NLO response (χ(3) = 2.72 × 10–7 esu), influenced by diverse surface functionalities. This comparative analysis emphasizes the crucial role of synthesis methods in tailoring CQDs for specific NLO applications, providing insights to optimize their synthesis for enhanced performance in advanced optical technologies.
{"title":"An analytical disquisition on the nonlinear optical responses of carbon quantum dots engineered by diverse synthesis methodologies","authors":"Rashi Mahendra Patil, Akshay Raj R, Shyamal Mondal, Tejashree Bhave, Appala Venkata Ramana Murthy","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are highly promising nanomaterials known for their unique optical and electronic properties, which are crucial for applications in photonics, bioimaging, optoelectronics, etc. This study investigates the nonlinear optical (NLO) responses of CQDs synthesized via three different methods, namely, hydrothermal, microwave-assisted, and green synthesis. The three different synthesized CQDs have shown size-dependent optical and photoluminescence properties. The z-scan technique was employed for measuring the corresponding nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index. Hydrothermal synthesis produced CQDs with strong NLO responses (χ<sup>(3)</sup> = 4.14 × 10<sup>–7</sup> esu) due to high crystallinity and significant surface functionalization, whereas microwave-assisted synthesis resulted (χ<sup>(3)</sup> = 3.97 × 10<sup>–7</sup> esu) in size-dependent NLO variability. Meanwhile, the green synthesis method, utilizing natural resources and organic precursors which replaced by chemical capping agents such as PEG, showed a moderate NLO response (χ<sup>(3)</sup> = 2.72 × 10<sup>–7</sup> esu), influenced by diverse surface functionalities. This comparative analysis emphasizes the crucial role of synthesis methods in tailoring CQDs for specific NLO applications, providing insights to optimize their synthesis for enhanced performance in advanced optical technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100077
Thiago F. Santos , Domingos F.S. Souza , Elisama V. Santos , Bruno R. Carvalho , J.H.O. Nascimento
The article discusses the main advancements and discoveries regarding the application of graphene (Gr) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in batteries and supercapacitors, highlighting how these materials have revolutionized the field of energy storage. The main findings of the work include the confirmation that graphene and GQDs significantly improve the efficiency, storage capacity, and stability of energy devices. The study found that GQDs and supercapacitors made of graphene can achieve high-capacitances, such as 566 F/g, and keep up to 95% of their capacity after 2,000 charge and discharge cycles. In lithium-ion batteries, the incorporation of these nanomaterials has resulted in capacities of up to 2,882 mAh/g, demonstrating a substantial improvement in energy density and battery lifespan. The study also identified the most effective synthesis methods, such as chemical oxidation and hydrothermal processes, and optimized them to produce high-quality graphene and GQDs, thereby directly impacting the devices' performance. The study also revealed that the integration of graphene and GQDs is driving the exponential growth of the supercapacitor and battery market, projected to reach values of up to 18.4 billion dollars and 500.5 billion dollars, respectively, by 2032. The article concludes that these materials play a fundamental role in the evolution of energy storage technologies, with the potential to shape the future of energy sustainability and technological innovation.
{"title":"Graphene and graphene quantum dots applied to batteries and supercapacitors","authors":"Thiago F. Santos , Domingos F.S. Souza , Elisama V. Santos , Bruno R. Carvalho , J.H.O. Nascimento","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article discusses the main advancements and discoveries regarding the application of graphene (Gr) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in batteries and supercapacitors, highlighting how these materials have revolutionized the field of energy storage. The main findings of the work include the confirmation that graphene and GQDs significantly improve the efficiency, storage capacity, and stability of energy devices. The study found that GQDs and supercapacitors made of graphene can achieve high-capacitances, such as 566 F/g, and keep up to 95% of their capacity after 2,000 charge and discharge cycles. In lithium-ion batteries, the incorporation of these nanomaterials has resulted in capacities of up to 2,882 mAh/g, demonstrating a substantial improvement in energy density and battery lifespan. The study also identified the most effective synthesis methods, such as chemical oxidation and hydrothermal processes, and optimized them to produce high-quality graphene and GQDs, thereby directly impacting the devices' performance. The study also revealed that the integration of graphene and GQDs is driving the exponential growth of the supercapacitor and battery market, projected to reach values of up to 18.4 billion dollars and 500.5 billion dollars, respectively, by 2032. The article concludes that these materials play a fundamental role in the evolution of energy storage technologies, with the potential to shape the future of energy sustainability and technological innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-18DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100074
P.R. Sekhar Reddy
In today's world, the rise of big data demands a new computing paradigm beyond the von Neumann architecture to handle massive datasets effectively. Neuromorphic computing, inspired by the synaptic plasticity of biological synapses, has emerged as a solution. Artificial synapses (ASs) in neuromorphic systems replicate synaptic functions like potentiation/depression, short-/long-term plasticity, and spike-time-dependent plasticity. Initial research on fluorite-structured ferroelectrics focused on understanding ferroelectricity and improving device performance. Since the discovery of ferroelectricity in hafnium-zirconium oxide in 2011, these materials have gained attention for their scalability and compatibility with CMOS technologies. This review explores advances in fluorite-structured ferroelectric ASs, including two-terminal switchable diodes, ferroelectric-tunnel junctions, three-terminal field-effect transistors, and thin-film transistors. Additionally, we examine future challenges and prospects for developing ferroelectric-based ASs for neuromorphic computing.
{"title":"Advancements in artificial synapses: The role of fluorite–structured ferroelectrics","authors":"P.R. Sekhar Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In today's world, the rise of big data demands a new computing paradigm beyond the von Neumann architecture to handle massive datasets effectively. Neuromorphic computing, inspired by the synaptic plasticity of biological synapses, has emerged as a solution. Artificial synapses (ASs) in neuromorphic systems replicate synaptic functions like potentiation/depression, short-/long-term plasticity, and spike-time-dependent plasticity. Initial research on fluorite-structured ferroelectrics focused on understanding ferroelectricity and improving device performance. Since the discovery of ferroelectricity in hafnium-zirconium oxide in 2011, these materials have gained attention for their scalability and compatibility with CMOS technologies. This review explores advances in fluorite-structured ferroelectric ASs, including two-terminal switchable diodes, ferroelectric-tunnel junctions, three-terminal field-effect transistors, and thin-film transistors. Additionally, we examine future challenges and prospects for developing ferroelectric-based ASs for neuromorphic computing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100076
Gerardo L. Morales-Torres, Ian González-Afanador, Luis A. Colón-Santiago, Nelson Sepúlveda
This work presents the application of a flexible, self-powered sensor designed to predict angular velocity and acceleration during head kinematics associated with concussions. This paper-thin, flexible device, which exhibits piezoelectric-like properties, is strategically placed on the back of a human head substitute to capture stress and strain in this region during whiplash events. The mechanical energy generated by varying magnitudes of whiplash is converted into electrical pulses, which are then integrated with multiple machine learning models. These models were tested and compared, demonstrating their ability to accurately predict angular velocity and acceleration of the head. This predictive capability can be utilized to assess the probability of brain injury. The findings demonstrate that this system not only enhances the understanding of head impact dynamics, but also opens avenues for developing more effective injury risk assessment tools. By combining innovative sensor technology with advanced machine learning techniques, this study contributes to improved safety monitoring in high-risk environments, such as high-contact and automotive sports.
{"title":"Assessment of head dynamics using a flexible self-powered sensor and machine learning, capable of predicting probability of brain injury","authors":"Gerardo L. Morales-Torres, Ian González-Afanador, Luis A. Colón-Santiago, Nelson Sepúlveda","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents the application of a flexible, self-powered sensor designed to predict angular velocity and acceleration during head kinematics associated with concussions. This paper-thin, flexible device, which exhibits piezoelectric-like properties, is strategically placed on the back of a human head substitute to capture stress and strain in this region during whiplash events. The mechanical energy generated by varying magnitudes of whiplash is converted into electrical pulses, which are then integrated with multiple machine learning models. These models were tested and compared, demonstrating their ability to accurately predict angular velocity and acceleration of the head. This predictive capability can be utilized to assess the probability of brain injury. The findings demonstrate that this system not only enhances the understanding of head impact dynamics, but also opens avenues for developing more effective injury risk assessment tools. By combining innovative sensor technology with advanced machine learning techniques, this study contributes to improved safety monitoring in high-risk environments, such as high-contact and automotive sports.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100075
U Sandhya Shenoy , Bhava Amin , D Krishna Bhat
Engineering the electronic structure of a material is quite a fascinating field of study as it not only helps in improving the performance of the material but also helps us understand why a particular combination of elements exhibits the properties it does. Substitutional doping has been receiving increasing interest in the field of photocatalysis for boosting the performance of the material by tuning its crystal structure and electronic structure. In this study, we report the effect of site occupancy of silver in Ag doped BaTiO3. First principles density functional theory calculations highlight that the Ti site which is the preferred site in BaTiO3 for most of the dopants is not so preferred in the case of Ag doping for enhancing the photocatalytic activity. It also reveals the exceptional behavior of Ag where in it prevents the formation of mid gap recombination centers in the case of mixed occupancy. Doped samples synthesized through solvothermal approach with directed doping shows activity of 99.2 % and 99 % degradation of rose bengal and malachite green dyes in 40 and 50 min, respectively.
{"title":"Exploring the impact of modulation of electronic structure via doping in the realm of environmental applications","authors":"U Sandhya Shenoy , Bhava Amin , D Krishna Bhat","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineering the electronic structure of a material is quite a fascinating field of study as it not only helps in improving the performance of the material but also helps us understand why a particular combination of elements exhibits the properties it does. Substitutional doping has been receiving increasing interest in the field of photocatalysis for boosting the performance of the material by tuning its crystal structure and electronic structure. In this study, we report the effect of site occupancy of silver in Ag doped BaTiO<sub>3</sub>. First principles density functional theory calculations highlight that the Ti site which is the preferred site in BaTiO<sub>3</sub> for most of the dopants is not so preferred in the case of Ag doping for enhancing the photocatalytic activity. It also reveals the exceptional behavior of Ag where in it prevents the formation of mid gap recombination centers in the case of mixed occupancy. Doped samples synthesized through solvothermal approach with directed doping shows activity of 99.2 % and 99 % degradation of rose bengal and malachite green dyes in 40 and 50 min, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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