Nano Trends最新文献

“PMI foam used in honeycomb structure in multifunctional application” PMI泡沫在蜂窝结构中的多功能应用

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2026.100191

Rahimeen Shoukat Sayyad, Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian

Polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam's superior long-term dimensional stability, high stiffness, and low density provide it with a superior core material for elaborate sandwich structures. Its exceptional mechanical and functional qualities such as energy absorption, creep resistance, and superior thermal and dielectric stability are attributed to its closed-cell morphology and cross-linked molecular architecture, which outperform traditional cores like polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride foams, and balsa wood, which frequently have to give up mechanical strength, sensitivity to moisture, or resistance to heat deterioration. By facilitating production into intricate geometries like honeycomb and hierarchical hybrid structures, additive manufacturing has further increased the adaptability of PMI foams and improved interfacial bonding, damage tolerance, and multifunctional integration. In addition to providing radar absorption qualities that are essential for stealth and defence applications, these designed structures exhibit notable gains in tensile and compressive strength, increased temperature resistance, and efficient electromagnetic interference shielding. Beyond their mechanical capabilities, PMI foam-based composites are becoming more sought for their versatility, fulfilling both protective and structural functions in difficult settings. New advances in PMI foam production techniques, structure–property correlations, and multipurpose uses in sandwich composites are compiled in this review. In order to fully realize the potential of PMI foams in next-generation lightweight systems, it also critically assesses processing difficulties, large-scale integration constraints, and durability issues. Finally, it highlights future directions in sustainable synthesis, hybrid material design, and advanced manufacturing routes. This review covers PMI foam’s fabrication, structure–property relationships, multifunctional applications, and comparative advantages, while addressing processing challenges and future directions in sustainable hybrid composite design.

聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺（PMI）泡沫具有优异的长期尺寸稳定性、高刚度和低密度，为复杂的夹层结构提供了优越的芯材。其卓越的机械和功能品质，如能量吸收，抗蠕变，优越的热稳定性和介电稳定性归功于其闭孔形态和交联分子结构，优于传统的核心，如聚氨酯，聚氯乙烯泡沫和轻木，经常不得不放弃机械强度，对湿气的敏感性，或耐热性变质。通过促进蜂窝和分层混合结构等复杂几何形状的生产，增材制造进一步提高了PMI泡沫的适应性，改善了界面粘合、损伤容忍度和多功能集成。除了提供对隐身和国防应用至关重要的雷达吸收质量外，这些设计的结构在拉伸和抗压强度、耐温性和有效的电磁干扰屏蔽方面表现出显着的增益。除了机械性能之外，PMI泡沫基复合材料因其多功能性而受到越来越多的追捧，可以在困难环境中实现保护和结构功能。本文综述了PMI泡沫生产技术、结构性能相关性以及夹层复合材料的多用途应用方面的新进展。为了充分发挥PMI泡沫在下一代轻量化系统中的潜力，它还严格评估了加工困难、大规模集成限制和耐久性问题。最后，强调了可持续合成、混合材料设计和先进制造路线的未来发展方向。本文综述了PMI泡沫材料的制造、结构性能关系、多功能应用和比较优势，同时讨论了可持续混合复合材料设计的加工挑战和未来方向。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanical force-driven tunability of depletion, accumulation, and inversion modes in Bilayer ITO–PVDF-TrFE Piezo-gated flexible field-effect transistors 双层ITO-PVDF-TrFE压电门控柔性场效应晶体管损耗、积累和反转模式的机械力驱动可调性

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2026.100190

Jit Dutta , Chia-Ching Lin , Li Kuan Liu , Arijit Mitra , Chuan Pu Liu

Emerging fields such as wearable technolog, pervasive computing, industrial automation, and human–machine interfaces demand electronics capable of actively and adaptively interacting with their environment. Addressing these challenges requires solutions that offer low energy consumption, high efficiency, and flexibility. Herein, we report the development of a piezo-gated flexible field-effect transistor (PGFFT) that utilizes the piezoelectric properties of PVDF-TrFE, replacing an electric gate, where the PVDF-TrFE was polarized via corona poling. In our PGFFT designs, n-type indium tin oxide (ITO) served as the channel material, was positioned on either the positively charged side (ITO-P) or the negatively charged side (ITON) of the PVDF-TrFE. Under compressive stress, the ITO-P device exhibited first a decrease in drain current due to electron depletion turning to an increase at even higher compressive stresses due to charge inversion, while the ITON device showed an increase in drain current owing to electron accumulation in the channel. Notably, we are the first to demonstrate piezo-gating transistor inversion mode, enabling a transition from electron- to hole-dominated conduction in a piezo-gated transistor. This achievement paves the way for new possibilities in flexible electronics by operating piezo-gated devices in inversion mode.

诸如可穿戴技术、普适计算、工业自动化和人机界面等新兴领域要求电子设备能够主动和自适应地与环境进行交互。应对这些挑战需要提供低能耗、高效率和灵活性的解决方案。在此，我们报告了一种压电门控柔性场效应晶体管（PGFFT）的开发，该晶体管利用PVDF-TrFE的压电特性，取代了PVDF-TrFE通过电晕极化的电栅。在我们的PGFFT设计中，n型氧化铟锡（ITO）作为通道材料，位于PVDF-TrFE的正电荷侧（ITO- p）或负电荷侧（ITON）。在压缩应力下，ITO-P器件首先表现出由于电子耗尽而导致的漏极电流下降，然后在更高的压缩应力下由于电荷反转而增加，而ITON器件则表现出由于电子在通道中积累而导致的漏极电流增加。值得注意的是，我们首次展示了压电门控晶体管的反转模式，使压电门控晶体管的传导从电子主导转变为空穴主导。这一成就通过在反转模式下操作压电门控器件，为柔性电子器件的新可能性铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances in eco-friendly bionanocomposites for drug delivery of natural bioactive compounds: A sustainable approach 用于天然生物活性化合物药物递送的生态友好型生物纳米复合材料的最新进展：一种可持续的方法

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2026.100188

Swagatam Sahoo , Amulyaratna Behera , Biswajeet Acharya , Debasis Patra

The growing interest in sustainable and biocompatible drug delivery platforms has stimulated research at the interface of natural bioactive compounds and biodegradable nanobiocomposite systems. Although plant-derived molecules such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and polyphenols exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, their clinical utility is often constrained by poor solubility, chemical instability, rapid metabolism, and non-specific biodistribution. Nanotechnology-enabled delivery systems have been explored to mitigate these limitations through enhanced solubilization, protection from degradation, and controlled release; however, most reported benefits remain confined to in-vitro and small-animal studies, with limited clinical validation. Biodegradable nanobiocomposites composed of biopolymers (e.g., chitosan, alginate, and plant-derived gums) and nanoscale reinforcements produced via green synthesis routes have shown favourable encapsulation efficiencies and stimulus-responsive behaviour at the preclinical level. Despite these advances, critical knowledge gaps persist regarding long-term safety, pharmacokinetics, degradation pathways, and reproducibility, particularly for eco-friendly systems derived from natural sources. Furthermore, green synthesis strategies—including plant-mediated, microbial, enzyme-assisted, and polymer-supported approaches—face challenges related to batch-to-batch variability, yield optimisation, and scale-up. This review critically evaluates the current state of biodegradable nanobiocomposites for natural bioactive delivery, highlighting unresolved translational barriers, regulatory considerations, and the need for robust in-vivo and clinical studies before therapeutic claims can be reliably substantiated.

对可持续和生物相容性的药物传递平台的兴趣日益增长，刺激了天然生物活性化合物和可生物降解纳米生物复合材料系统界面的研究。尽管类黄酮、生物碱、萜类和多酚等植物源分子具有多种药理活性，但它们的临床应用往往受到溶解度差、化学不稳定、代谢快和非特异性生物分布的限制。纳米技术支持的递送系统已经被探索，通过增强增溶性、防止降解和控制释放来减轻这些限制；然而，大多数报道的益处仍然局限于体外和小动物研究，临床验证有限。可生物降解的纳米复合材料由生物聚合物（如壳聚糖、海藻酸盐和植物源胶）和通过绿色合成途径生产的纳米级增强剂组成，在临床前水平上显示出良好的包埋效率和刺激反应行为。尽管取得了这些进展，但在长期安全性、药代动力学、降解途径和可重复性方面，特别是天然来源的生态友好型系统，仍然存在关键的知识空白。此外，绿色合成策略——包括植物介导、微生物、酶辅助和聚合物支持的方法——面临着与批次间可变性、产量优化和规模扩大相关的挑战。这篇综述批判性地评估了用于天然生物活性递送的可生物降解纳米复合材料的现状，强调了尚未解决的翻译障碍、监管方面的考虑，以及在治疗声称得到可靠证实之前，需要进行强有力的体内和临床研究。

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引用次数: 0

Quality by design-optimized EGCG-loaded cubosomal hydrogel for controlled dermal delivery: In vitro characterization and biological evaluation against melanoma 通过设计优化的egcg负载立方体水凝胶的质量控制皮肤递送：体外表征和抗黑色素瘤的生物学评价

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2026.100187

Rahul Koli, V.S. Mannur

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a potent antioxidant and anti-melanoma polyphenol, faces clinical limitations due to poor solubility, instability, and restricted skin permeation. To overcome these barriers, a nanostructured cubosomal hydrogel was developed to enhance EGCG’s dermal delivery and therapeutic efficacy. EGCG-loaded cubosomes were prepared using glycerol monooleate, Poloxamer 407, and Tween 80, and optimized via response surface methodology. The optimized system exhibited nanoscale dimensions (113.24 ± 0.21 nm), low polydispersity (0.16 ± 0.02), high entrapment efficiency (88.7 ± 0.42 %), and a strong negative zeta potential (–34.2 ± 0.27 mV). Incorporation into a xanthan gum hydrogel yielded a smooth, stable, and patient-compliant formulation. Electron microscopy confirmed spherical cubosomes with intact bicontinuous bilayer morphology, while RP-HPLC verified EGCG’s chemical stability post-formulation. The cubosomal hydrogel demonstrated sustained in vitrorelease (78.3 ± 3.6 % at 12 h) and significantly enhanced ex vivo permeation across excised goat skin (86.2 ± 3.2 %, flux 50.36 ± 2.15 µg/cm²/h) compared with the plain hydrogel. Cytotoxic evaluation in A375 melanoma cells revealed strong dose-dependent inhibition (IC₅₀ = 23.69 ± 2.78 µg/mL), supported by enhanced cellular uptake and mitochondrial localization on confocal imaging. Additionally, the formulation exhibited notable antioxidant activity (83.78 ± 1.85 % DPPH scavenging) and excellent physicochemical stability for 60 days under refrigerated and ambient conditions. Overall, EGCG-loaded cubosomal hydrogel provides a stable, biocompatible, and effective nanoplatform for sustained dermal delivery, offering significant potential for localized melanoma therapy.

表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯（EGCG）是一种有效的抗氧化剂和抗黑色素瘤多酚，由于溶解度差、不稳定和皮肤渗透受限而面临临床限制。为了克服这些障碍，研究人员开发了一种纳米结构的立方体水凝胶来增强EGCG的真皮递送和治疗效果。用单油酸甘油、poloxam407和Tween 80制备了负载egcg的立方体体，并通过响应面法对其进行了优化。优化后的体系具有纳米尺度（113.24±0.21 nm）、低多分散性（0.16±0.02）、高包封效率（88.7±0.42%）和强负zeta电位（-34.2±0.27 mV）等特点。纳入黄原胶水凝胶产生光滑，稳定，和病人兼容的配方。电镜证实其为球形立方体，具有完整的双连续双层形态，反相高效液相色谱证实了EGCG配制后的化学稳定性。与普通水凝胶相比，该立方体水凝胶在12 h时具有持续的体外释放（78.3±3.6%），并显著提高了山羊皮肤的体外渗透（86.2±3.2%，通量50.36±2.15µg/cm²/h）。A375黑色素瘤细胞的细胞毒性评估显示出强烈的剂量依赖性抑制（IC₅₀= 23.69±2.78µg/mL），这得到了共聚焦成像上增强的细胞摄取和线粒体定位的支持。此外，该配方具有显著的抗氧化活性（DPPH清除率为83.78±1.85%），并在冷藏和环境条件下具有良好的60天理化稳定性。总的来说，负载egcg的立方体水凝胶为持续的皮肤递送提供了稳定、生物相容性和有效的纳米平台，为局部黑色素瘤治疗提供了巨大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances in plasmonic quantum dot solar cells: Engineering strategies, charge dynamics, and future prospects 等离子体量子点太阳能电池的最新进展：工程策略、电荷动力学和未来展望

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2026.100185

Tobi Samson Ogundeji , Gabriel Ayinde Alamu , Victoria Mofoluke Odebunmi , Mayowa James Johnson , Olumide Olufemi Akinnawo , Ismaila Taiwo Bello , Mojoyinola Kofoworola Awodele , Oluwaseun Adedokun

The worldwide research efforts on photovoltaic technologies are advancing towards achieving sustainable energy beyond conventional silicon-based architecture. Within the framework of third-generation devices, plasmonic quantum dot solar cells (PQDSCs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their tunable bandgaps, low-cost fabrication and potential to exceed classical efficiency limits. This review highlights the recent progress in PQDSCs. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) through metal nanoparticles enhances light absorption, promotes hot-electron injection and strengthens charge separation. Parallel developments in ligand chemistry, core–shell passivation, and hybrid perovskite quantum dots (QDs) composites have improved carrier mobility and device stability. The concept multiple exciton generation (MEG) and Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET), the challenges in large-scale manufacturing, economic feasibility, and environmental sustainability are also discussed. This review paper provides fundamental engineering principles driving PQDSC performance and points out future directions for scalable and high-efficiency solar technologies. PQDSCs stand as a promising route toward affordable and sustainable next-generation photovoltaics capable of contributing meaningfully to the global clean energy transition.

世界范围内对光伏技术的研究正朝着实现超越传统硅基建筑的可持续能源的方向发展。在第三代器件的框架内，等离子体量子点太阳能电池（pqdsc）由于其可调谐的带隙、低成本的制造和超越传统效率限制的潜力而引起了相当大的关注。本文综述了pqdsc的最新进展。金属纳米粒子的局部表面等离子体共振（LSPR）增强了光吸收，促进了热电子注入，加强了电荷分离。配体化学、核壳钝化和混合钙钛矿量子点（QDs）复合材料的平行发展提高了载流子迁移率和器件稳定性。讨论了多激子产生（MEG）和福斯特共振能量转移（FRET）的概念、大规模制造的挑战、经济可行性和环境可持续性。本文提供了驱动PQDSC性能的基本工程原理，并指出了可扩展和高效太阳能技术的未来方向。pqdsc是一条通往可负担和可持续的下一代光伏发电的有前途的道路，能够为全球清洁能源转型做出有意义的贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of two cationic dyes adsorption on Algerian MK-KOH Metakaolin: Kinetic, thermodynamic, and computational modeling via DFT approach 阿尔及利亚MK-KOH偏高岭土对两种阳离子染料的吸附研究：动力学、热力学和基于DFT方法的计算模型

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2026.100186

Hayoune Asma , Ali Raza Ayub , Akkari Hocine , Houicha Haroun

This work investigates the adsorption performance of KOH-activated metakaolin (MK-KOH) on the removal of two cationic dyes, methyl violet (MV) and methylene blue (MB), using both experimental and density functional theory (DFT) approaches. MK-KOH was prepared by thermal activation of kaolin followed by KOH alkaline activation. The MK-KOH material was thoroughly characterized to assess its physicochemical properties, and BET measurements revealed a specific surface area of 58.17 m²/g. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out under varying conditions, including contact time (5–120 min), initial dye concentration (10–70 mg·L⁻¹), and temperature (20–60 °C) to evaluate the adsorption performance. MK-KOH had strong absorption capabilities for both dyes, removing MB and MV at maximal levels of 55.01 and 63.99 mg/g, respectively.

The MK-KOH adsorption of two dyes is an endothermic process as indicated by the respective positive ΔH° and ΔS° values (74.95 kJ·mol⁻¹ and 39.57 kJ·mol⁻¹) and (54.39 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ and 195.08 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹) for MB and MV.

DFT computations were used to better examine the adsorption mechanism. The findings demonstrated that the map of electrostatic potential, electronic structure, and frontier molecular orbital distribution indicated that the adsorption of dye molecules on the aluminosilicate surface was driven by electrostatic interaction and π–π stacking. The experimental data was supported by the theoretical findings. According to the results, MK-KOH is affordable and effective adsorbent for eliminating organic dyes from aqueous solutions.

本文采用实验方法和密度泛函理论（DFT）研究了koh活化偏高岭土（MK-KOH）对甲基紫（MV）和亚甲基蓝（MB）两种阳离子染料的吸附性能。采用高岭土热活化、KOH碱活化法制备MK-KOH。对MK-KOH材料进行了全面表征，以评估其物理化学性质，BET测量显示其比表面积为58.17 m²/g。在接触时间（5-120 min）、初始染料浓度（10-70 mg·L⁻¹）、温度（20-60℃）等条件下进行批量吸附实验，以评价吸附性能。MK-KOH对两种染料均有较强的吸附能力，对MB和MV的最大吸附量分别为55.01和63.99 mg/g。两种染料对MK-KOH的吸附是一个吸热过程，其值分别为ΔH°和ΔS°（74.95 kJ·mol⁻¹和39.57 kJ·mol⁻¹）和（54.39 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹和195.08 J·mol⁻¹）。DFT计算可以更好地考察吸附机理。结果表明，静电势图、电子结构和前沿分子轨道分布表明，染料分子在硅酸铝表面的吸附是由静电相互作用和π -π堆积驱动的。实验数据得到了理论结果的支持。结果表明，MK-KOH是一种经济、有效的去除水中有机染料的吸附剂。

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引用次数: 0

Zinc oxide nanoparticles: A plant-mediated synthesis, characterizations and their functional applications 氧化锌纳米颗粒：植物介导的合成、表征及其功能应用

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2026.100184

Mohee Shukla , Satya Narain , Ashwani Kumar , Anupam Dikshit

Plant-mediated nanoparticle synthesis is gaining importance in various fields nowadays. The unique properties of nanoparticles (NPs) make nanotechnology extremely valuable in multiple industries. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have garnered considerable attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and diverse applications. ZnO NPs play a vital role in various fields due to their optical and chemical properties. Traditional methods often involve hazardous chemicals that can harm the environment. Plant-mediated ZnO NPs production is the safest, cheapest, and least toxic method. This article focuses on the synthesis and latest advancements of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) derived from plant parts, like leaves, bark, stems, roots, seeds, and flowers. Additionally, it clarifies the medical uses of ZnO NPs, including their antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties, as well as their photocatalytic activity in agricultural, environmental, and cosmetic domains, serving as a UV protector. This review provides an in-depth examination of the detailed application of ZnO NPs. After addressing limitations such as toxicity, aggregation, and stability, ZnO NPs can be used as multifunctional tools in various fields. After addressing limitations such as toxicity, aggregation, and stability, ZnO NPs can be used as multifunctional tools in various fields.

目前，植物介导的纳米颗粒合成在各个领域越来越受到重视。纳米粒子（NPs）的独特性质使得纳米技术在多个行业中极具价值。氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO NPs）由于其独特的物理化学性质和广泛的应用而引起了人们的广泛关注。ZnO纳米粒子由于其光学和化学性质在许多领域发挥着重要作用。传统的方法通常涉及可能危害环境的危险化学品。植物介导的ZnO NPs生产是最安全、最便宜、毒性最小的方法。本文主要介绍了从植物的叶、皮、茎、根、种子和花中提取氧化锌纳米粒子的合成及最新进展。此外，它阐明了ZnO NPs的医学用途，包括它们的抗菌、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗癌、抗炎和伤口愈合特性，以及它们在农业、环境和化妆品领域的光催化活性，作为紫外线保护剂。本文综述了氧化锌纳米粒子的具体应用。在解决了毒性、聚集性和稳定性等方面的限制后，ZnO NPs可以作为多功能工具应用于各个领域。在解决了毒性、聚集性和稳定性等方面的限制后，ZnO NPs可以作为多功能工具应用于各个领域。

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引用次数: 0

Targeted nanotechnology in bone cancer: Integrating stimuli responsive drug delivery and artificial intelligence for personalized therapy 靶向纳米技术在骨癌中的应用：整合刺激、反应性药物传递和个性化治疗的人工智能

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2026.100182

Pooja Dave , Brahmdutta Raval , Dhaval Mori , Kiran Dudhat

Bone cancer, including the combination of primary bone tumors and bone metastases, remains a difficult condition to treat because of its intricate structural elements and resistance to standard treatment methods of chemotherapy and radiotherapy and surgical interventions. Nanotechnology-based strategies have appeared as an exciting new option because they help target drugs to specific areas while boosting treatment outcomes and minimizing side effects. This review delves into bone metastasis mechanisms while exploring bone microenvironment functions during tumor progression together with current developments in nanoplatform-based therapeutic strategies. Researchers have developed five main types of nanocarriers which include polymeric micelles, liposomes, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles and mesoporous silica nanoparticles to improve drug solubility, bioavailability and tumor selectivity. Present-day research focuses on bone-targeted delivery systems that employ bisphosphonates together with antibodies as well as bone areas. In stimuli responsive bone cancer therapy benefits from artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning progress that enhances diagnostic accuracy and customizes treatment strategy and surgical execution. The field faces key limitations which include manufacturing large amounts of nanoparticles along with procurement of regulatory clearance and translation into medical practice. Future investigations need to address existing research barriers for creating advanced nanomedicine therapies which can suit individual patient needs in bone cancer treatment.

骨癌，包括原发性骨肿瘤和骨转移的结合，由于其复杂的结构因素和对化疗、放疗和手术干预等标准治疗方法的耐药性，仍然是一种难以治疗的疾病。基于纳米技术的策略已经成为一种令人兴奋的新选择，因为它们有助于将药物靶向特定区域，同时提高治疗效果并最小化副作用。本文将深入探讨骨转移机制，同时探讨肿瘤进展过程中的骨微环境功能以及基于纳米平台的治疗策略的最新进展。研究人员开发了五种主要类型的纳米载体，包括聚合物胶束、脂质体、树状大分子、金属纳米颗粒和介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒，以提高药物的溶解度、生物利用度和肿瘤选择性。目前的研究主要集中在骨靶向递送系统，采用双膦酸盐与抗体以及骨区域。在刺激反应性骨癌治疗受益于人工智能（AI）和机器学习的进步，提高诊断准确性和定制治疗策略和手术执行。该领域面临着主要的限制，包括制造大量的纳米颗粒以及获得监管许可和转化为医疗实践。未来的研究需要解决现有的研究障碍，以创造先进的纳米药物疗法，以适应骨癌治疗中个体患者的需求。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing drug solubility and precision delivery with next-generation nanocarriers: Recent innovations, opportunities, and challenges 推进药物溶解度和精确递送与下一代纳米载体：最近的创新，机遇和挑战

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2026.100183

Madhur Babu Singh , Sapna Raghav , Vishwajit Chavda , Prashant Singh , Sunil Kumar Yadav , Woong Kim , Pallavi Jain

Drug solubility remains one of the most persistent bottlenecks in modern pharmacotherapy, directly shaping oral absorption, systemic exposure, and ultimately clinical success. A significant proportion of newly developed drug candidates exhibit hydrophobicity, resulting in suboptimal dissolution, dose escalation, and heightened toxicity risks. Recent advances in nanotechnology have introduced transformative strategies to address these limitations, offering precise control over particle architecture, surface chemistry, and drug carrier interactions. This review provides a comprehensive and forward-looking examination of emerging nanotechnological platforms, including nanocrystals, lipid-based carriers, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and hybrid nanostructures, that are redefining solubility enhancement and bioavailability optimization. Key mechanistic principles such as nanoscale size engineering, interface modification, and encapsulation-driven solubilization are critically discussed to illuminate how these systems improve physicochemical and biological performance. Special emphasis is placed on the expanding applications of nanocarriers in oral, transdermal, pulmonary, and tumour-targeted drug delivery, underscoring their adaptability across therapeutic modalities. Despite remarkable progress, challenges in large-scale manufacturing, long-term safety assessment, and regulatory harmonization persist. By synthesizing current advances and unresolved barriers. This review provides a comprehensive and detailed examination of emerging nanotechnological platforms such as nanocrystals, lipid-based carriers, polymeric NPs, and hybrid nanostructures that are redefining solubility enhancement and bioavailability optimization. Key mechanism principles such as nanoscale size engineering, interface modification, and encapsulation govern solubilization and are discussed to show how these systems improve physicochemical and biological performance.

药物溶解度仍然是现代药物治疗中最持久的瓶颈之一，直接影响口服吸收、全身暴露和最终的临床成功。很大一部分新开发的候选药物表现出疏水性，导致次优溶出，剂量增加和毒性风险增加。纳米技术的最新进展引入了革命性的策略来解决这些限制，提供了对粒子结构、表面化学和药物载体相互作用的精确控制。这篇综述对新兴的纳米技术平台进行了全面和前瞻性的研究，包括纳米晶体、脂基载体、聚合物纳米粒子（NPs）和混合纳米结构，这些纳米技术正在重新定义溶解度增强和生物利用度优化。关键的机理原理，如纳米尺度工程，界面修改，和封装驱动的增溶作用进行了批判性的讨论，以阐明这些系统如何提高物理化学和生物性能。特别强调纳米载体在口服、透皮、肺和肿瘤靶向药物递送中的扩展应用，强调它们在治疗模式中的适应性。尽管取得了显著进展，但大规模生产、长期安全评估和监管协调方面的挑战仍然存在。通过综合当前的进展和尚未解决的障碍。这篇综述对新兴的纳米技术平台，如纳米晶体、脂基载体、聚合物NPs和混合纳米结构进行了全面和详细的研究，这些纳米技术正在重新定义溶解度增强和生物利用度优化。关键的机理原理，如纳米尺度工程、界面修饰和包封控制增溶作用，并讨论了这些系统如何提高物理化学和生物性能。

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引用次数: 0

Valorization of agriculture residues into novel mesoporous surface engineered (ZnO@RHBC) nanocomposites for sustainable sequestration of hexavalent chromium from electroplating industrial wastewater 农业残留物转化为新型介孔表面工程纳米复合材料（ZnO@RHBC）用于电镀工业废水中六价铬的可持续隔离

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2026.100181

Anu Kumari , Rishi Mittal , Meenu Yadav , Amita Khatri , Rachna Bhateria

Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] is highly toxic in nature and poses serious threats to ecology and human health. In this study, cost-effective and sustainable ZnO@RHBC Nanocomposites were synthesized via a facile impregnation approach for the effective adsorption of Cr (VI) from wastewater. Characterization techniques, including UV–visible spectra, FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM with EDX, TEM, BET, TGA, pHzc, XPS, Raman spectra, Zeta potential, and particle size, were used to characterize the nanocomposites. Results confirmed the crystalline nature, mesosporous structure, abundant functional groups, high surface area (105.74 m²/g), and good thermal stability of the synthesized nanocomposites. The batch adsorption finding revealed that optimum adsorption was achieved at pH 3, adsorbent dose 0.1 g, initial Cr (VI) ion concentration 40 mg/l, contact time 90 mins, and temperature 35 °C with excellent adsorption capacity 207.03 mg/g and adsorption efficiency 92.42% Adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm (R² = 0.9873) and Pseudo-second order kinetics (R² = 0.996), favouring monolayer chemisorption. Thermodynamic analysis showed a spontaneous, random, and exothermic nature of adsorption process. Electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, coordinate binding reduction, and π–π interaction were the main mechanisms for Cr (VI) adsorption. The regeneration study of nanocomposites revealed that adsorption decreased by 91.22% to 62.33% over five successive cycles, primarily due to pore blockage. Furthermore, nanocomposites could adsorb 87.47% of Cr (VI) from electroplating wastewater. The cost-benefit analysis at the lab scale was also examined, which is crucial for the large-scale application of adsorbents. This research supports SDGs goals 6, 9, and 12 by improving water quality, promoting agricultural waste recycling, and advancing sustainable nano-adsorbents in environmental applications.

六价铬[Cr (VI)]在自然界中具有剧毒，对生态和人类健康构成严重威胁。在本研究中，通过易浸渍法合成了具有成本效益和可持续性的ZnO@RHBC纳米复合材料，以有效吸附废水中的Cr （VI）。利用紫外可见光谱、FTIR、XRD、FE-SEM （EDX）、TEM、BET、TGA、pHzc、XPS、拉曼光谱、Zeta电位和粒径等表征技术对纳米复合材料进行了表征。结果表明，所合成的纳米复合材料具有结晶性、介孢子结构、丰富的官能团、高的比表面积（105.74 m2/g）和良好的热稳定性。批吸附结果表明，在pH为3、吸附剂剂量为0.1 g、初始Cr （VI）离子浓度为40 mg/l、接触时间为90 min、温度为35℃的条件下，吸附量为207.03 mg/g，吸附效率为92.42%，吸附符合Langmuir等温线（R²= 0.9873）和准二级动力学（R²= 0.996），有利于单层化学吸附。热力学分析表明，吸附过程具有自发、随机和放热的性质。静电相互作用、氢键、配位键还原和π -π相互作用是吸附Cr （VI）的主要机理。再生研究表明，连续5次循环后，纳米复合材料的吸附性能下降了91.22%至62.33%，主要原因是孔隙堵塞。纳米复合材料可吸附电镀废水中87.47%的Cr （VI）。在实验室规模的成本效益分析也进行了检查，这是吸附剂的大规模应用至关重要。本研究通过改善水质、促进农业废弃物循环利用和推进可持续纳米吸附剂在环境中的应用来支持可持续发展目标6、9和12。

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