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Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

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Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

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Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

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Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

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Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

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Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

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Intelligent micro- and nano-robots for next-generation photobiomodulation and adaptive photomedicine 用于下一代光生物调节和自适应光医学的智能微纳米机器人

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100177

Hossein Chamkouri

Photobiomodulation (PBM) devices have emerged as powerful non-invasive tools that utilize specific light wavelengths to modulate cellular functions, enhance tissue repair, and restore physiological homeostasis. To the best of our knowledge, most current PBM research and device development focus primarily on light emitting diode (LED) or micro-LED systems, emphasizing light delivery rather than intelligent and dynamic control at the nanoscale. Here, we propose the potential of micro- and nano-robots as transformative platforms for the next generation of photomedicine and PBM. In this review, we discuss their advanced fabrication strategies, including photolithography, self-assembly, and biohybrid integration, enabling precise motion control and targeted navigation within biological environments. We highlight how these micro/nano-robots could overcome critical physiological barriers, such as the blood–brain barrier (BBB), through active propulsion and selective permeability mechanisms. The integration of photonic systems into micro-and nanodevices enable these robots to achieve autonomous decision-making, adaptive illumination, and spatiotemporal control of light–cell interactions. This convergence represents a paradigm shift with significant potential to revolutionize the future of photomedicine, offering precise, personalized, and intelligent therapeutic interventions at cellular and subcellular levels.

光生物调节（PBM）装置已经成为一种强大的非侵入性工具，它利用特定的光波长来调节细胞功能，增强组织修复，恢复生理稳态。据我们所知，目前大多数PBM研究和设备开发主要集中在发光二极管（LED）或微型LED系统上，强调光传输而不是纳米级的智能和动态控制。在这里，我们提出了微型和纳米机器人作为下一代光医学和PBM的变革平台的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了他们的先进制造策略，包括光刻，自组装和生物混合集成，实现精确的运动控制和目标导航在生物环境中。我们强调了这些微/纳米机器人如何通过主动推进和选择性渗透机制克服关键的生理屏障，如血脑屏障（BBB）。将光子系统集成到微纳米器件中，使这些机器人能够实现自主决策、自适应照明和光电池相互作用的时空控制。这种融合代表了一种范式的转变，具有革新光医学未来的巨大潜力，在细胞和亚细胞水平上提供精确、个性化和智能的治疗干预。

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Measurement of charge carrier mobilities in thin films via the space-charge limited current (SCLC) method; A practical example 空间电荷限制电流法测量薄膜中载流子迁移率一个实际的例子

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100178

Marzieh Rabiei , Sohrab Nasiri , Juozas Padgurskas , Raimundas Rukuiza

Study of space charge limited current (SCLC) transport in charge carrier injection is presented. It is shown that the accurate and convenient calculation of carrier mobility, which has been neglected in many previous studies on transport in optical and electrical devices, is essential to obtain physically meaningful spatial carrier densities and field distributions. In this work, the SCLC technique to accurately determine the mobility of holes and electrons in organic semiconductors is investigated in detail. Recognizing the importance of balanced charge transport to the performance of optical and electronic devices, the fundamentals of SCLC, including Mott-Gurney's law, are discussed and its advantages over alternative methods are highlighted. A carbazole-based compound is used as a practical example, with single-carrier devices fabricated to selectively measure hole-only and electron-only transport. The current-voltage characteristics were analysed in the trap-free SCLC regime (slope ≈ 2 in log-log plots), and yielded mobilities of μ_e =4.02 × 10⁻⁵ cm²V^-1s^-1 and μ_h = 1.84 × 10^–3 cm²V^-1s^-1. This study not only demonstrates a clear and reproducible method for mobility extraction, but also highlights the importance of SCLC measurements under device-like conditions for material selection and performance optimization in optoelectronic applications.

研究了载流子注入过程中空间电荷限流输运问题。研究表明，准确、方便地计算载流子迁移率对于获得物理上有意义的空间载流子密度和场分布是至关重要的，而在以往许多光学和电子器件的输运研究中，载流子迁移率一直被忽视。本文详细研究了利用SCLC技术精确测定有机半导体中空穴和电子迁移率的方法。认识到平衡电荷输运对光学和电子器件性能的重要性，讨论了SCLC的基本原理，包括莫特-格尼定律，并强调了其相对于其他方法的优势。以咔唑类化合物为例，制备了单载流子器件来选择性地测量空穴和电子输运。在无陷阱的SCLC模式下（对数-对数图斜率≈2）分析了电流-电压特性，得到迁移率μe =4.02 × 10−5 cm2V-1s-1和μh = 1.84 × 10 - 3 cm2V-1s-1。该研究不仅展示了一种清晰、可重复的迁移率提取方法，而且强调了在类似器件的条件下进行SCLC测量对光电应用中材料选择和性能优化的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Alginate embedded 1-D nanocomposite for environmental remediation: AI modeling, kinetics and thermodynamics 海藻酸盐嵌入一维纳米复合材料用于环境修复：人工智能建模，动力学和热力学

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100175

Monika Dubey , Ashish Kumar Singh , Vandana Saxena

Manganese oxide (α-MnO₂) molecular sieves exhibiting promising oxidative capabilities have been embedded into novel alginate (AG) beads. AG (a biopolymer matrix) is known for its effective and practical support adsorber. α-MnO₂ nanorods embedded AG beads (100 mg/g) demonstrated complete catalytic removal of 2,4 dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) within 30 min at ambient temperature. Further, α-MnO₂ was thoroughly characterized via SEM and XRD. α-MnO₂ has one-dimensional nanorod structure of 200±30 nm (length) x 20±10 nm (diameter) with a high surface-to-volume ratio suitable for catalytic applications. The point-of-zero-charge of the α-MnO₂ embedded alginate beads was determined as pH_pzc ≈ 6.8, indicating near-neutral surface charge and explaining the observed optimum removal at pH ≈ 7. The adsorption kinetics were investigated using Pseudo first order and well fitted Runge-Kutta mathematical modeling (for R²=0.99). The thermodynamic behavior has been studied via Arrhenius plot based on different temperature experiments. The activation energy (E_a) calculated from the Arrhenius plot was 34.7 kJ mol⁻¹, confirming the endothermic nature of the degradation process. Additionally, machine learning (ML) assisted Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interference System (ANFIS) logics were applied to a dataset of 380 experimental points to predict adsorption process accurately along with effects of pH, concentration, catalyst amount, reaction time and effect of temperature. Overall, this study opens a pathway of effective artificial intelligence (AI) and mathematical modeling collaboration to scale up environmental remediation.

氧化锰（α-MnO2）分子筛具有良好的氧化性能，被嵌入到新型海藻酸盐（AG）微球中。AG（一种生物聚合物基质）以其有效和实用的载体吸附剂而闻名。α-MnO2纳米棒包埋银珠（100 mg/g），在室温下30 min内完全催化去除2,4-二氯苯酚（2,4- dcp）。通过SEM和XRD对α-MnO2进行了表征。α-MnO2具有200±30 nm（长）× 20±10 nm（直径）的一维纳米棒结构，具有较高的表面体积比，适合于催化应用。α-MnO2包埋藻酸珠的零电荷点为pHpzc≈6.8，表明其表面电荷接近中性，并解释了pH≈7时所观察到的最佳去除效果。采用拟一阶拟合的龙格-库塔数学模型（R2=0.99）研究了吸附动力学。利用阿伦尼乌斯图研究了不同温度下的热力学行为。根据阿伦尼乌斯图计算出的活化能（Ea）为34.7 kJ mol（⁻¹），证实了降解过程的吸热性质。利用机器学习（ML）辅助的自适应神经模糊干扰系统（ANFIS）逻辑对380个实验点的数据集进行预测，准确预测了pH、浓度、催化剂用量、反应时间和温度对吸附过程的影响。总的来说，本研究开辟了一条有效的人工智能（AI）和数学建模协同扩大环境修复的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis of montmorillonite/Cu-Cd-Al layered triple oxide (MMT/Cu-Cd-Al-LTO) nanocomposite for a highly efficient removal of organic pollutant from aqueous solution for wastewater treatment 蒙脱土/Cu-Cd-Al层状三氧化物（MMT/Cu-Cd-Al- lto）纳米复合材料的合成及其在废水处理中的应用

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100176

Angita Sarkar , Deba Raj Basumatary , Bipul Das , Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum , Sanjay Basumatary

Industrial activities release large volumes of wastewater containing various dye compounds, posing a major environmental hazard that threatens ecosystems and human health. To address this issue, the current work seeks to boost the adsorption efficiency of Montmorillonite (MMT) through its modification by integrating Cu-Cd-Al-layered triple oxide (Cu-Cd-Al-LTO) in the clay matrix for the purpose of eliminating Malachite Green (MG) dye. The modified materials were examined using methods viz. HRTEM, FT-IR, FESEM, and PXRD. This study thoroughly investigates the influence of various parameters of adsorption. The study produced the best results when the adsorbent dose (0.4 g/L), initial dye concentration (180 mg/L), agitation time (180 min), temperature (40 °C), and dye's natural pH were all optimized. The findings indicate that newly synthesised MMT/Cu-Cd-Al-LTO nanocomposite is effective in removing MG dye from wastewater, achieving an impressive maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 1174 mg/g. The Langmuir model of isotherm and kinetic model of PSO provided optimal fit for the adsorption studies. The negative ΔG^o value indicates a spontaneous adsorption process as per thermodynamics study. Additionally, reusability of the nanocomposite up to 4^th cycle with 66.3 ± 0.27 % capacity retention, makes it a cost-effective choice in the field of adsorption.

工业活动释放大量含有各种染料化合物的废水，构成威胁生态系统和人类健康的重大环境危害。为了解决这一问题，目前的工作旨在通过将cu - cd - al层状三氧化物（Cu-Cd-Al-LTO）整合到粘土基体中来提高蒙脱土（MMT）的吸附效率，以去除孔雀石绿（MG）染料。采用HRTEM、FT-IR、FESEM和PXRD等方法对改性后的材料进行了表征。本研究深入探讨了各种吸附参数对吸附性能的影响。当吸附剂用量（0.4 g/L）、染料初始浓度（180 mg/L）、搅拌时间（180 min）、温度（40℃）、染料自然pH值均为最佳。结果表明，新合成的MMT/Cu-Cd-Al-LTO纳米复合材料可有效去除废水中的MG染料，其最大单层吸附容量为1174 MG /g。等温线Langmuir模型和PSO的动力学模型最适合于吸附研究。负ΔGo值表示根据热力学研究自发吸附过程。此外，纳米复合材料的可重复使用性高达4次循环，容量保留率为66.3±0.27%，使其成为吸附领域的经济高效选择。

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