Nano Trends最新文献_第8页

Elucidating the role of nano boron and zinc oxide-coated silane-treated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) on the mechanical, thermal, and flammability characteristics of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) 阐明纳米硼和氧化锌包覆硅烷处理的纤维素纳米晶体（CNCs）对高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）机械、热学和可燃性特性的作用

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100103

Amirmohammad Raeisi , Ismat Ara , Greg Holt , Nicole Stark , Dilpreet S. Bajwa

The fire risk of synthetic polymers has emerged as a growing safety issue. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is one of the most used polymers in different applications. However, HDPE has some drawbacks, such as low thermal and mechanical properties. To address this challenge, silane-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), nano boron oxide (B₂O₃) and nano zinc oxide (ZnO) were incorporated into the HDPE matrix in different percentages (3 %, and 5 %) and weight ratios (1:1, and 1:2). The CNCs were surface modified through silanization process to enhance dispersion and interfacial bonding, while metal oxides were introduced to improve thermal stability and flame retardancy. The composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), horizontal burn test, and microcalorimetry tests. The results indicated that adding CNCs-ZnO resulted in a 64 % increase in mechanical properties, a 28 % decrease in weight loss, and a reduced flame spread rate of the composites. The CNCs- B₂O₃ composites showed a lower flame spread rate and a 52 % improvement in mechanical properties. Overall, adding nano metallic fillers, such as nano ZnO and B₂O₃, significantly enhanced HDPE composites' thermal stability, mechanical properties, and fire resistance. These improvements highlight the potential of nano metal oxides and CNC as functional fillers where mechanical strength and fire safety are essential.

合成聚合物的火灾风险已成为一个日益严重的安全问题。高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）是应用最广泛的聚合物之一。然而，HDPE有一些缺点，如低热和机械性能。为了解决这一挑战，将硅烷功能化的纤维素纳米晶体（cnc）、纳米氧化硼（B2O3）和纳米氧化锌（ZnO）以不同的百分比（3%和5%）和重量比（1:1和1:2）掺入HDPE基体中。通过硅烷化工艺对cnc进行表面改性，增强分散性和界面键合，同时引入金属氧化物，提高其热稳定性和阻燃性。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、动态力学分析仪（DMA）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、热重分析仪（TGA）、水平燃烧试验和微量热试验对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明，添加CNCs-ZnO后，复合材料的力学性能提高64%，重量损失降低28%，火焰蔓延速度降低。cnc - B2O3复合材料的火焰蔓延率较低，力学性能提高52%。总的来说，添加纳米金属填料，如纳米ZnO和B2O3，显著提高了HDPE复合材料的热稳定性、力学性能和耐火性能。这些改进突出了纳米金属氧化物和CNC作为功能性填料的潜力，其中机械强度和防火安全性至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Ion diffusivity and alkyl chain length-dependent triboelectric behavior of PVDF-HFP+IL composites PVDF-HFP+IL复合材料的离子扩散率和烷基链长度相关的摩擦电行为

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100104

Sujeong Gwak , Hyeonseo Joo , Bonhyeop Koo , Cheoljae Lee , Hyosik Park , Hochun Lee , Ju-Hyuck Lee

As the global demand for renewable and clean energy solutions grows, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a promising technology for harvesting mechanical energy. In this context, our study focuses on incorporating ionic liquids (ILs) into poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) to explore how the alkyl chain length of ILs influences triboelectric polarity. Imidazolium-based ILs containing bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI⁻) anions were used, with cations such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIM⁺) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMIM⁺) exhibiting tribo-positive characteristics, while those with longer alkyl chains, including 1-methyl-3-n-octylimidazolium (OMIM⁺) and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium (DoMIM⁺), displayed tribo-negative behavior. These trends were correlated with self-diffusion coefficient measurements of the ILs. The control of triboelectric behavior and the formation of an electric double layer (EDL) through IL incorporation significantly enhanced the surface charge density, thereby improving the output performance of TENGs. This work provides a novel strategy for enhancing TENG efficiency and offers material selection guidelines for sustainable energy applications.

随着全球对可再生能源和清洁能源需求的增长，摩擦纳米发电机（TENGs）已经成为一种很有前途的机械能收集技术。在此背景下，我们的研究重点是将离子液体（ILs）加入聚偏氟乙烯-共六氟丙烯（PVDF-HFP）中，以探索ILs的烷基链长度如何影响摩擦电极性。采用含双（三氟甲基磺酰）亚胺（TFSI⁻）阴离子的咪唑类il +，其中阳离子如1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑（EMIM +）和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑（BMIM +）表现出三正性，而烷基链较长的il +，如1-甲基-3-正辛基咪唑（OMIM +）和1-十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑（DoMIM +）则表现出三负性。这些趋势与il的自扩散系数测量值相关。通过掺入IL对摩擦电行为的控制和双电层（EDL）的形成显著提高了表面电荷密度，从而改善了teng的输出性能。这项工作为提高TENG效率提供了一种新的策略，并为可持续能源应用提供了材料选择指南。

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引用次数: 0

HfO2/SiO2 spacer oxide width optimization for enhanced terahertz performance and short-channel integrity in sub-nm silicon based junctionless dual metal gate-all-around FET architectures: A TCAD approach 亚纳米硅基无结双金属栅极全能场效应晶体管结构中增强太赫兹性能和短通道完整性的HfO2/SiO2间隔层氧化物宽度优化：TCAD方法

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100114

Shekhar Yadav, Pooja Srivastava, C.M.S. Negi

This research evaluates the suitability of silicon-based Gate-All-Around Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (GAA MOSFET) architectures with HfO₂/SiO₂ oxide stack spacers for high-frequency applications. Comprehensive analyses of all essential parameters, including transconductance (g_m), unity gain cut-off frequency (f_T), drain conductance (g_d), intrinsic gain (g_m/g_d), transconductance efficiency (g_m/I_D), Ion to Ioff ratio (I_on/I_off), gate capacitance (C_gg), and transfer characteristics, were conducted through rigorous TCAD simulations. To ensure the structure's scalability and demonstrate short-channel immunity, Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL) analysis was performed. Additionally, subthreshold swing (SS) analysis was conducted to prove the power efficiency of the device. The analyses conducted are crucial for evaluating the characteristics of devices when scaled to the nanoscale dimensions. A spacer oxide, composed of a stack of conventional material silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and the high-k material hafnium oxide (HfO₂), was incorporated to enhance device performance by improving gate control. It was established that increasing the length of the spacer oxide enhances the effectiveness of the devices in high-frequency ranges. The assessed structures are employed with the Junctionless MOSFET architectures to demonstrate the feasibility of simpler fabrication and improved performance. The results show that the best width for the spacer oxide has a big impact on how well sub-100 nm GAA MOSFETs work at high frequencies, resist short-channel effects, and can be made smaller, making them a good choice for current and future high-frequency electronic devices. These findings provide valuable insights into the development and design of GAA MOSFETs for delivering improved high-speed and low-power devices.

本研究评估了具有HfO2/SiO2氧化物堆叠间隔层的硅基栅极-全能金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管（GAA MOSFET）架构在高频应用中的适用性。通过严格的TCAD仿真，对跨导（gm）、单位增益截止频率（fT）、漏极电导（gd）、本征增益（gm/gd）、跨导效率（gm/ID）、离子/关断比（Ion/Ioff）、栅极电容（Cgg）、转移特性等关键参数进行了全面分析。为了保证结构的可扩展性和短通道抗扰性，进行了漏极诱导屏障降低（DIBL）分析。此外，还进行了阈下摆幅（SS）分析，以证明该器件的功率效率。所进行的分析对于评估器件在纳米尺度上的特性至关重要。采用传统材料二氧化硅（SiO2）和高钾材料氧化铪（HfO2）叠加而成的间隔氧化物，通过改善栅极控制来提高器件性能。结果表明，增加间隔氧化物的长度可以提高器件在高频范围内的有效性。所评估的结构与无结MOSFET架构一起使用，以证明简化制造和提高性能的可行性。结果表明，间隔氧化物的最佳宽度对亚100 nm GAA mosfet在高频下的工作性能、抗短通道效应的能力有很大影响，并且可以做得更小，使其成为当前和未来高频电子器件的良好选择。这些发现为GAA mosfet的开发和设计提供了宝贵的见解，以提供改进的高速和低功耗器件。

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引用次数: 0

Polysaccharides carrier as oral colon-specific drug delivery for colon cancer treatment 多糖载体作为结肠癌治疗口服结肠特异性药物的载体

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100102

Nafisah Musa , Nagla A.M. Layas , Nur Zahirah Mohamad Zin

Colon cancer is the third highest incidence in cancer mortality in both sexes combined and a total of 639,000 deaths are reported worldwide each year. Typical chemotherapy is provided by injection route to reduce tumor growth and metastasis. In comparison to injection, oral administration of drugs in the form of a colon-specific delivery system is expected to increase drug bioavailability at target site, reduce drug dose and systemic adverse effects. Polysaccharides are suitable for use as matrix and/or coat material can protect drugs from chemical and enzymatic degradation concerning oral delivery. This present review gives an overview on application of chitosan, pectin, and alginate with respect to their use as drug carrier for oral colon cancer treatment.

结肠癌是男女癌症死亡率中发病率第三高的疾病，全世界每年报告的死亡总数为63.9万人。典型的化疗是通过注射方式来减少肿瘤的生长和转移。与注射相比，以结肠特异性给药系统的形式口服药物有望提高药物在靶点的生物利用度，减少药物剂量和全身不良反应。多糖适合用作基质和/或包被材料，可以保护药物在口服给药时免受化学和酶的降解。本文综述了壳聚糖、果胶和海藻酸盐作为药物载体在口服结肠癌治疗中的应用。

引用次数: 0

Flexible piezoelectric energy harvester made of vertically-aligned ZnO nanowires hydrothermally-grown by template-assisted synthesis in poled PVDF 垂直排列ZnO纳米线在极性PVDF中经模板辅助合成制备的柔性压电能量收集器

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100112

Marie Clémence Sigallon , Adrien Baillard , Vincent Consonni , Florian Aubrit , Natalia Potrzebowska , Romain Grasset , Mohamed Tabellout , Noelle Gogneau , Eliott Sarrey , Jean-Eric Wegrowe , Marie-Claude Clochard

The beneficial effect of the hydrothermal method on the morphology and piezoelectric performance of zinc oxide/polyvinylidene fluoride (ZnO/PVDF) composite thin membranes (10 μm-thick) is demonstrated. In this work, high aspect ratio vertically aligned ZnO nanowires were successfully grown on an Au seed layer to create a Schottky-like contact by template-assisted synthesis inside the cylindrical nanopores of a poled β-PVDF. Swift heavy ions irradiation was firstly used to create tracks of damages in this poled β-PVDF thin films. A subsequent chemical etching in alkaline medium revealed these ion-tracks to form dense and statistical arrays of cylindrical nanopores (10⁹ pores cm⁻²) along its thickness. Resulting ZnO/PVDF composites were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, reflectance spectroscopy, dielectric measurements and piezoelectric analysis. Vertically aligned ZnO nanowires grown in low-supersaturation conditions exhibited an ideal microstructure for enhancing the piezoelectric performance of β-PVDF, i.e. hexagonal wurtzite structure. From piezoelectric analysis in bending mode, the output power of ZnO/PVDF composites was plotted against 8 resistances ranging from 10⁵ to 10⁶ Ω and fitted up to 10⁸ Ω. A maximum power density of 1.90 μW cm⁻² (i.e. 380 µW cm⁻³ N⁻¹) at 2.10⁶ Ω was found to be 60 ± 10 % higher than of pristine poled β-PVDF. The performance of these ZnO/PVDF composites may be due to the combined effects of Surface Fermi Level Pinning phenomenon, Schottky-like contact and dipole alignment. It thus reveals a very promising transducer in the renewable energy application of electromechanical energy conversion.

研究了水热法对氧化锌/聚偏氟乙烯（ZnO/PVDF）复合薄膜（10 μm厚）的形貌和压电性能的有利影响。在这项工作中，通过模板辅助合成，成功地在Au种子层上生长了高纵横比垂直排列的ZnO纳米线，并在极性β-PVDF的圆柱纳米孔内形成了肖特基式接触。首次采用快速重离子辐照技术在该极性β-PVDF薄膜上制备了损伤轨迹。随后在碱性介质中进行化学蚀刻，发现这些离子轨迹沿其厚度形成密集的圆柱形纳米孔阵列（109个孔cm - 2）。采用红外光谱、掠入射x射线衍射、扫描和透射电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、反射光谱、介电测量和压电分析对ZnO/PVDF复合材料进行了表征。在低过饱和条件下生长的垂直排列ZnO纳米线具有提高β-PVDF压电性能的理想微结构，即六方纤锌矿结构。通过弯曲模式下的压电分析，绘制了ZnO/PVDF复合材料在105 ~ 106 Ω的8个电阻下的输出功率图，并拟合到108 Ω。在2.106 Ω处的最大功率密度为1.90 μW cm−2（即380 μW cm−3 N−1），比原始极性β-PVDF高60±10%。这些ZnO/PVDF复合材料的性能可能是由于表面费米能级钉钉现象、肖特基类接触和偶极子排列的综合作用。从而揭示了一种在可再生能源机电能量转换应用中非常有前途的换能器。

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引用次数: 0

An electro-osmotic flow device featuring electroactive pyrene encapsulated different types of carbon matrices 一种电渗透流装置，其特点是电活性芘包覆不同类型的碳基质

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100118

Vidhiben Dave , Bhavana Bhatt , Sooraj Sreenath , Devendra Y. Nikumbe , Harshal Kulkarni , Govind Sethia , Rajaram K. Nagarale

Host-guest chemistry has gained significant attention in recent years due to its various applications in electrochemical devices. Carbon materials serve as excellent hosts for organic guest molecules. In this study, pyrene molecules were incorporated into five different carbon matrices using a low-temperature thermal encapsulation technique, and the resulting materials were evaluated as effective electrodes for electro-osmotic pump (EOP) application. Since pristine pyrene is electrochemically inactive, it was electrochemically oxidized prior to its use in the EOP. The five carbon materials used in this study, super carbon (SC), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Ketjen black carbon (KC), activated carbon (AC) and hard carbon (HC) underwent thorough physicochemical characterization. The encapsulation of pyrene within these carbon matrices, followed by the electrochemical oxidation of the guest pyrene molecules to obtain eSCO, eCNTO, eKCO, eACO, and eHCO, was confirmed through spectroscopic and electrochemical studies. An EOP consists of a silica frit sandwiched between two flow-through electrodes. Five EOPs were assembled with eSCO, eCNTO, eKCO, eACO, and eHCO as the active electrode materials. The water pumping performance of all the EOPs was found to be linearly dependent on the applied voltage. The electro-osmotic flux of the EOPs with eSCO, eCNTO, eKCO, eACO, and eHCO was measured at 33.81, 31.48, 31.18, 20.68, and 7.95 mL min⁻¹ V⁻¹ cm⁻², respectively. The high efficacy of the fabricated EOPs suggests that electroactive pyrene and carbon matrices form a unique host-guest composite material suitable for electrochemical device applications.

主客体化学由于其在电化学器件中的各种应用，近年来受到了广泛的关注。碳材料是有机客体分子的优良宿主。在本研究中，利用低温热封装技术将芘分子结合到五种不同的碳基质中，并对所得材料作为电渗透泵（EOP）应用的有效电极进行了评估。由于原始芘在电化学上不活跃，在EOP中使用之前，它被电化学氧化。本研究中使用的五种碳材料：超级碳（SC）、多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）、Ketjen黑碳（KC）、活性炭（AC）和硬碳（HC）进行了全面的物理化学表征。通过光谱和电化学研究证实，芘被包裹在这些碳基质中，然后对客体芘分子进行电化学氧化，得到eSCO、eCNTO、eKCO、eACO和eHCO。EOP由夹在两个流过电极之间的硅块组成。以eSCO、eCNTO、eKCO、eACO和eHCO为活性电极材料组装了5种EOPs。发现所有eop的抽水性能与外加电压呈线性关系。eSCO、eCNTO、eKCO、eACO和eHCO的电渗透通量分别为33.81、31.48、31.18、20.68和7.95 mL min（⁻¹V⁻¹cm⁻²）。制备的EOPs的高效率表明，具有电活性的芘和碳基体形成了一种独特的主客体复合材料，适合于电化学器件的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of charge compensators (Na+, Mg2+, Bi3+) on the photoluminescence properties of ZnAl2O4:Sm3+orange-red light emitting nanophosphor 电荷补偿剂（Na+, Mg2+, Bi3+）对ZnAl2O4:Sm3+橙红色发光纳米荧光粉光致发光性能的影响

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100115

A. Kempaiah , B.S. Palakshamurthy , Shivalingaswamy T

This research work presents the synthesis of ZnAl₂O_4, samarium doped ZnAl₂O₄: x%Sm³⁺ (x = 1–11mol%) and co-doped ZnAl₂O₄: x%Sm³⁺, Aⁿ⁺ (x = 5mol%, Aⁿ⁺ = Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Bi³⁺) nano phosphors. All prepared samples are calcinated at an optimized temperature of 900^⁰C. Powder XRD studies reveal that all synthesized samples are crystallized in cubic phase, with Fd-3 m space group, matches with JCPDS # 05–0669. The ZnAl₂O₄: Sm³⁺ exhibits major excitation peaks at 274, 306, 346, 377, 404, 418, 442 and 466 nm. Inquiringly, we perform photoluminescence studies under the excitation of 274 nm and 404 nm. With 404 nm excitation, the emission peak intensity of ZnAl₂O₄: x% Sm³⁺ (x = 1–11 mol%) achieves its maximum when the doping concentration is 5 mol%. Charge compensators effect of different valance cation co-dopants (Aⁿ⁺ = Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Bi³⁺) on the PL emission intensity is further optimized at the concentration of 2 mol% for 274 nm excitation. CIE1931 color coordinates for ZnAl₂O₄:5mol% Sm³⁺:2mol%Mg²⁺ phosphor, (0.656, 0.343), closely approximate those of an ideal orange-red light emitting phosphor (0.670, 0.333). Measurements reveal that the average decay time for ZnAl₂O₄:5mol% Sm³⁺ and ZnAl₂O₄:5mol% Sm³⁺: Mg²⁺2mol% is 0.98 ms and 0.057 ms, respectively. This paper also summarizes the typical behavior of ZnAl₂O₄ and its Cr³⁺ association when excited by 404 nm light, for researchers interested in zinc aluminates.

本文研究了ZnAl2O4、钐掺杂ZnAl2O4: x%Sm3+ (x = 1-11mol %)和共掺杂ZnAl2O4: x%Sm3+、An+ (x = 5mol%, An+ = Na+, Mg2+, Bi3+)纳米荧光粉的合成。所有制备的样品在900⁰C的优化温度下煅烧。粉末XRD研究表明，所有合成样品均为立方相结晶，具有Fd-3 m空间基团，符合JCPDS # 05-0669。ZnAl2O4: Sm3+在274、306、346、377、404、418、442和466 nm处表现出主要的激发峰。我们在274nm和404 nm激发下进行了光致发光研究。在404 nm激发下，掺杂浓度为5 mol%时，ZnAl2O4: x% Sm3+ (x = 1 ~ 11 mol%)的发射峰强度达到最大值。在274nm激发浓度为2 mol%时，进一步优化了不同价离子共掺杂（An+ = Na+, Mg2+, Bi3+）对PL发射强度的电荷补偿效应。ZnAl2O4:5mol% Sm3+:2mol%Mg2+荧光粉的CIE1931色坐标（0.656,0.343）与理想的橙红色发光荧光粉的色坐标（0.670,0.333）非常接近。测量结果表明，ZnAl2O4:5mol% Sm3+和ZnAl2O4:5mol% Sm3+: Mg2+2mol%的平均衰减时间分别为0.98 ms和0.057 ms。本文还总结了ZnAl2O4在404 nm光激发下的典型行为及其Cr3+缔合，供对铝酸锌感兴趣的研究人员参考。

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引用次数: 0

A resistive electron irradiation microsensor made from conductive electrospun polycaprolactone fibers loaded with carbon nanotubes and fullerene C60 以导电静电纺聚己内酯纤维负载碳纳米管和富勒烯C60制成的电阻式电子辐照微传感器

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100116

Fabricio N. Molinari , Maria A. Mancuso , Emanuel Bilbao , Gustavo Giménez , Leandro N. Monsalve

In this work electron radiation microdevices were fabricated and characterized. The microdevices consisted of aligned conductive electrospun fibers made of polycaprolactone loaded with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and C60 deposited onto gold interdigitated microelectrodes. They were capable of permanently increasing their conductivity upon exposure to electron beam irradiation from 0.02 pC μm^-2 accelerated at 10 and 20 keV. This phenomenon could be explained due to the ability of C60 to trap and stabilize negative charges and thus contribute to the conductivity of the polymer composite. The microdevices achieved their maximum conductivity after an irradiation between 0.22 and 0.27 pC μm^-2 and this maximum was dependent of the electron acceleration. Montecarlo simulations were performed to explain dependence as function of electron penetration in the polymer composite. Moreover, the microdevices irradiated at 20 keV maintained their final conductivity and the microdevices irradiated at 10 keV increased their final conductivity after 6 days from irradiation. C60 proved to act as highly efficient electron scavengers within the polymer composite and contribute to its conductivity, and the microdevices have potential application as beta radiation sensors.

本文制作了电子辐射微器件并对其进行了表征。该微器件由聚己内酯制成的定向导电静电纺丝纤维组成，负载多壁碳纳米管和沉积在金互指微电极上的C60。在10和20 keV加速的0.02 pC μm-2的电子束照射下，它们的电导率能够永久提高。这种现象可以解释为C60捕获和稳定负电荷的能力，从而有助于聚合物复合材料的导电性。辐照后器件的电导率在0.22 ~ 0.27 pC μm-2之间达到最大值，该最大值与电子加速度有关。蒙特卡罗模拟解释了聚合物复合材料中电子渗透的函数依赖性。此外，在20 keV下辐照的微器件在辐照6天后仍保持其最终电导率，而在10 keV下辐照的微器件的最终电导率有所增加。C60被证明是聚合物复合材料中高效的电子清除剂，并有助于其导电性，微器件具有潜在的β辐射传感器应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

X-ray crystallographic structural Profiling of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) caped Nickel Oxide Nanoparticle 聚乙烯醇（PVA）包覆氧化镍纳米颗粒的x射线晶体结构分析

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100106

Mahfuzul Islam , Md. Tarikul Islam , Md. Khalid Hossain Shishir , Md. Ashikur Rahaman , Shanawaz Ahmed , Sumaiya Islam Sadia , Md. Ashraful Alam

A unique simple co-precipitation method was developed for synthesizing highly crystalline nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) where poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) solution as capping agent. Rietveld refinement analysis explored whole powder pattern fitting (WPPF) method confirmed resulting nanoparticles (NPs) consist of 87 % pure NiO phase. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a distinct hexagonal NiO crystalline phase, with lattice parameters a=b= 2.955 Å, c= 7.2434 Å, and angles α=β= 90 ° and γ=120 ° The predominant (0 1 2) plane, associated with the strongest diffraction at 2θ= 43.228 °, underscored the crystallinity of the material. Key crystallographic parameters include an average dislocation density of 0.00206 nm⁻², lattice strain of 0.27 %, a unit cell volume of 54.776 Å³, a specific surface area of 41.435 m²/g, micro-strain of 0.00288, crystallinity index of 2.174 and an atomic packing factor (APF) of 64.9 %. Remarkably, 47.21 % of the synthesized NiO NPs demonstrated a crystallinity closely aligned with ICDD standard. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging showing a uniform distribution of NPs throughout the inner core structure spherical in shape and an average particle size of 48 nm in interface. Without nickel and oxygen signal, no signals were found that conform the purity of NiO NPs where nickel and oxygen were 67 % and 33 %. This study offers a detailed analysis of the enhanced crystallinity through comprehensive approaches.

以聚乙烯醇（PVA）溶液为封盖剂，建立了一种独特的共沉淀法合成高结晶氧化镍纳米颗粒（NiO NPs）。Rietveld细化分析探索了全粉末模式拟合（WPPF）方法，证实所得纳米颗粒（NPs）由纯度为87%的NiO相组成。x射线衍射（XRD）分析表明，该材料具有明显的六方NiO晶相，晶格参数为a=b= 2.955 Å， c= 7.2434 Å，角为α=β= 90°和γ=120°。在2θ= 43.228°处衍射最强，主要为0 12面。主要晶体学参数包括平均位错密度为0.00206 nm⁻²，晶格应变为0.27%，单位胞体积为54.776 Å³，比表面积为41.435 m²/g，微应变为0.00288，结晶度指数为2.174，原子堆积系数（APF）为64.9%。值得注意的是，47.21%的合成NiO NPs的结晶度与ICDD标准密切相关。透射电子显微镜（TEM）成像显示，纳米粒子均匀分布在整个内核结构中，形状为球形，界面平均粒径为48 nm。没有镍和氧信号，没有发现符合NiO NPs纯度的信号，镍和氧分别为67%和33%。本研究通过综合的方法对结晶度的增强进行了详细的分析。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing topical drug delivery: NLC innovations in dermatological therepeutics 推进局部给药：皮肤病学研究中的NLC创新

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100108

Balaji, Prakash Goudanavar

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are promising drug delivery systems with broad therapeutic applications. This review covers recent advancements, challenges, and future prospects in NLC-based drug delivery. It introduces the rationale and benefits of NLC use, discussing formulation strategies like high-pressure homogenization, solvent emulsification-evaporation, and micro emulsion techniques. Unique properties, such as enhanced drug loading, controlled release, and improved stability, are highlighted. The application of NLCs in targeted drug delivery is explored, addressing challenges like low solubility, poor bioavailability, and systemic toxicity. Development challenges, including scalability, characterization, and regulatory approval, are discussed, along with potential solutions. Recent advancements like surface modification, co-delivery systems, and engineered NLCs for targeted therapy are elucidated. NLCs in topical drug delivery, particularly in dermatology, are examined for treating skin conditions with minimal systemic effects. Future directions and trends, including personalized medicine and theranostic integration, are discussed, emphasizing NLCs' potential across diverse medical applications. This review provides insights into NLC-based drug delivery's current state, emphasizing their role in advancing therapeutic outcomes.

纳米结构脂质载体（nlc）是一种具有广泛治疗应用前景的给药系统。本文综述了基于nlc的给药技术的最新进展、挑战和未来前景。它介绍了NLC使用的基本原理和好处，讨论了高压均质、溶剂乳化蒸发和微乳液技术等配方策略。独特的性质，如增强药物负载，控制释放，并提高稳定性，强调。探讨了NLCs在靶向药物递送中的应用，解决了溶解度低、生物利用度差和全身毒性等挑战。讨论了开发挑战，包括可伸缩性、特性和监管批准，以及潜在的解决方案。最近的进展，如表面改性，共递送系统和工程NLCs靶向治疗的阐明。局部给药的NLCs，特别是在皮肤病学中，被检查以最小的全身效应治疗皮肤病。讨论了未来的发展方向和趋势，包括个性化医疗和治疗整合，强调了NLCs在各种医疗应用中的潜力。这篇综述提供了基于nlc的药物递送的现状，强调了它们在促进治疗结果中的作用。

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