Nano Trends最新文献

The world is looking for the production of smart and green energy from fossils and renewable energy resources. In this regard the production and storage are the key factor for marinating the balance in energy production and consumption. Batteries are considered to be one of the most important components in these energy resources. Presently many electronics and electric vehicles are powered by batteries. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have currently faced a few limitations deterring the development in battery technologies. Lithium metals emerge recently, but highly corrosive, the catastrophic dendrites, the pressure induced in order to maintain the contact between cathode and anode etc. Though there are many new composite materials reported recently to address many of the mention issues. Recently carbon and its derivative has been found to be the best anode materials for LIBs. An attempt has been made to enhance the functionality and durability of LIBs, because their pervasiveness is expected to rise. In this review we consider transition metal oxides with graphene as anode material and discussed various development towards the fabrication of LIBs. Researchers have demonstrated that a particular graphene composite can be added to the anode of LIBs to dramatically improve its operational stability, allowing for the development of significantly more potent, long-lasting LIBs.

The cutting-edge therapeutic approach recently has seen a large increase in the clinical application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of cancer microenvironment. PDT works by using oxygen, photosensitizers, and laser light. Poor water solubility of possible photosensitizers and a tumor-suppressive microenvironment have reduced PDT's effectiveness. The advantages of nano-based photodynamic treatment are helping to overcome the relevant challenges. Using a dual or triple combination method, such as photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, the effectiveness of PDT can be increased. The proposed review in this section focuses on an overview of photodynamic treatment, photosensitizers, and PDT's applications in medicine. Additionally, a perspective on PDT-based cancer therapy is discussed.

RNAi is a remarkable treatment strategy to knock down gene overexpression in a variety of disorders, including cancers. RNAi processes allow siRNAs to detect and degrade a homologous mRNA sequence in the cell. However, the limited potential of siRNA delivery to target cells, poor cellular uptake, off-target effect, and their breakdown by serum nucleases in systemic circulation are limiting factors for their therapeutic applications. Over the past few years, siRNA drugs are undergoing a period of clinical translation. Therefore, this review mainly highlights the state-of-the-art of nanocarriers for delivering siRNA cargos and their coadministration with anticancer drugs, along with their applications in cancer treatment. Besides, molecular manifestations, challenges in the delivery of siRNA, design, and development of siRNA-based delivery systems, merits, and demerits of different nanocarriers have been discussed. The endosomal trapping of siRNA is a major difficulty for most delivery strategies, influencing the therapeutic effect. To address this issue various approaches for siRNA release including pH-responsive release, membrane fusion, proton sponge effect, and photochemical disruption have been discussed. Finally, the current status of siRNA therapeutics in clinical trials is explored, providing a systematic and comprehensive overview of siRNA-based therapeutics for effective cancer treatment.

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is one of the most infiltrative, heterogenous types of brain malignancies and is mainly associated with poor prognosis. Despite various advances in treatment regimens, conventional therapies fall short of enhancing the average life expectancy of patients. This may be mainly subjected to insufficiency of chemotherapeutics reaching the target site because of various biological barriers including the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). Furthermore, to overcome such barriers nanocarriers have assisted proven to be advantageous as they enhance the bioavailability of drugs by improving blood retention time, reducing toxicity, and site-specific targeting. Internalization of nanocarriers in cells occurs via various mechanisms and aids in crossing biological barriers. Irrespective of the type of nanocarrier route of administration also has a vital role which mainly aims at providing higher bioavailability and patient compliance. Hence this review deals with various aspects relating to the transport of nanocarriers to the brain and their routes of administration for the treatment of GBM.