Nano Trends最新文献_第6页

Recent progress in multifaceted polymeric scaffolds as emerging drug carriers 多面聚合物支架作为新型药物载体的研究进展

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100164

Sandip Karmakar , Sougata Jana , Gouranga Nandi , Sreejan Manna

The recent advancements in the polymeric scaffolds exhibited remarkable progress in tissue regeneration and biomedical applications. The emerging evidence indicates that these scaffolds not only facilitates tissue regeneration but also serves as efficient platforms for targeted therapeutic delivery. The advancements in bio-absorbable polymer technology in the fabrication of scaffolds, has inspired extensive exploration into scaffold-based drug delivery systems by pharmaceutical researchers. The development of multifunctional scaffolds as a drug delivery carrier have shown prominent biomedical applicability by offering synergistic benefits by supporting the tissue repairs and ensuring a controlled drug release profile. These systems establish a regenerative microenvironment by facilitating the dynamic interactions with the extracellular matrix, cellular components, and growth factors. The 3D nanocomposite scaffolds with the interconnected microporous structures,exhibits prominent potential for efficiently encapsulating and delivering both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. The integration and advancements in various 3D printing technologies have provided customized fabrication with enhanced precision and reproducibility. Owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and superior mechanical strength, and tissue specific drug targeting potential, polymeric scaffolds have emerged as a promising drug carrier for target specific and controlled drug delivery. The adaptability of scaffolds in various medical conditions has enabled their widespread use as the versatile drug carriers for multifaceted applications. The extremely porous structure of scaffolds helps in accommodating and controlled release of therapeutic molecules at the target site. This review highlights the recent progress in fabrication strategies and drug delivery applications of the polymeric scaffolds, alongside their clinical translation potential.

近年来，聚合物支架在组织再生和生物医学应用方面取得了显著进展。新出现的证据表明，这些支架不仅可以促进组织再生，而且可以作为靶向治疗递送的有效平台。生物可吸收聚合物技术在支架制造中的进步，激发了制药研究人员对基于支架的药物传递系统的广泛探索。多功能支架作为药物递送载体的发展，通过支持组织修复和确保药物释放可控提供协同效益，显示出突出的生物医学适用性。这些系统通过促进与细胞外基质、细胞成分和生长因子的动态相互作用，建立了再生微环境。三维纳米复合材料支架具有相互连接的微孔结构，在有效封装和递送亲疏水药物方面具有突出的潜力。各种3D打印技术的集成和进步提供了具有更高精度和可重复性的定制制造。由于其生物相容性、生物可降解性、优越的机械强度和组织特异性药物靶向潜力，聚合物支架已成为一种有前景的靶向性和受控药物递送的药物载体。支架在各种医疗条件下的适应性使其作为多功能药物载体广泛应用于多方面的应用。支架的极多孔结构有助于在靶部位容纳和控制治疗分子的释放。本文综述了聚合物支架在制造策略和药物传递应用方面的最新进展，以及它们的临床转化潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Structural, elastic, ferroelectric, optical and zeta potential studies of potassium substituted magnesium ferrite nanoparticles for its applications 钾取代铁氧体镁纳米颗粒的结构、弹性、铁电性、光学和ζ电位研究及其应用

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100163

Aniket Manash , Rakesh Kumar Singh , Pammi Kumari , Singh Sonu Kumar , Nishant Kumar , Ashutosh Kr , Shachi Mishra

The potatium (K⁺) substituted MgFe₂O₄ nanomaterials using citrate precursor technique were prepared using chemical based sol-gel method. The XRD examination confirmed the production of the pure crystalline phase of MgFe₂O₄ with cubic spinel structure (Fd-3 m space group. The X ray density, crystallite size of Mg_1-xK_xFe₂O₄ (x = 0 and 0.1) were determined to be between 7.99–34.60 nm and 4.054–4.926 g/cm³, respectively. Electron density mapping performed by the GFourier program of Rietveld refinement with full-proof software indicate electron density, different color indicate presence of Fe, Mg and O. Bending and stretching molecular vibrations were discovered within the range 435–3440 cm⁻¹ by FTIR spectroscopy. MgFe₂O₄ formation in the spinel phase is indicated by the existence of Mg-O bonds at 570–572 cm⁻¹ and Fe–O bonds at 435–440 cm⁻¹. The results for elastic characteristics indicate that the stiffness constant has decreased that suggests that as the amount of substitution increases, the interatomic binding force continuously weakens, resulting in decreases in the shear modulus (G), bulk modulus (B), and elastic modulus Y (Young's modulus). The optical properties using UV-Spectroscopy give the direct band gap in the range of 2.66 eV. The P-E loop constraints like coercivity, remenant polarization and saturation polarization are found in the range of 0.894–2.692 KV/cm, 3.777–32.817 µC/cm² and 9.996–15.093 µC/cm² at 3 KV. The region with a high PE loop displayed the lossy conductive nature of prepared sample. Pure magnesium ferrite has the lowest zeta potential absolute values-6.12 mV, while highest value -24.91 mV with Potassium substituted. The prepared materials exhibit semiconductor-like energy band gaps, pronounced ferroelectric behavior, and tunable elastic constants, alongside increased zeta potential, collectively enhancing interfacial stability and thereby supporting reliable functional performance for industrial applications.

采用柠檬酸盐前驱体技术，采用化学基溶胶-凝胶法制备了钾离子取代MgFe2O4纳米材料。XRD检测证实制备出具有立方尖晶石结构（Fd-3 m空间群）的MgFe2O4纯晶相。测定了Mg1-xKxFe2O4 （X = 0和0.1）的X射线密度和晶粒尺寸分别在7.99 ~ 34.60 nm和4.054 ~ 4.926 g/cm3之间。利用Rietveld精化的GFourier程序和全证明软件进行电子密度映射，不同的颜色表示Fe、Mg和o的存在。在435 ~ 3440 cm−1范围内发现了弯曲和拉伸的分子振动。尖晶石相中存在Mg-O键（570 ~ 572 cm−1）和Fe-O键（435 ~ 440 cm−1），表明MgFe2O4的形成。弹性特性结果表明，随着取代量的增加，原子间结合力不断减弱，导致剪切模量(G)、体积模量(B)和弹性模量Y（杨氏模量）降低。紫外光谱的光学性质表明，其直接带隙在2.66 eV范围内。在3 KV时，P-E环的约束范围为0.894 ~ 2.692 KV/cm、3.777 ~ 32.817µC/cm2和9.996 ~ 15.093µC/cm2。具有高PE环的区域显示了所制备样品的有损导电性质。纯铁氧体镁的zeta电位绝对值最低，为6.12 mV，钾取代后zeta电位绝对值最高，为24.91 mV。制备的材料具有类似半导体的能带隙、明显的铁电行为和可调的弹性常数，以及增加的zeta电位，共同增强了界面稳定性，从而支持工业应用的可靠功能性能。

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引用次数: 0

Waste-derived nanocomposites powering the future: Biochar@Fe2O3 anodes in microbial fuel cells 废物衍生的纳米复合材料为未来提供动力：Biochar@Fe2O3微生物燃料电池的阳极

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100161

Soumya Pandit , Pramod Kumar , Soumyajit Chandra , Elvis Fosso -Kankeu , Richa Tomar

This research presents the combination of chir pine-derived biochar and petunia-derived ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) as nanocomposites acting as catalysts for the anode, enhancing the functionality of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Improved microbial activity and electron transport were the aim of this combination. The nanocomposite was examined using a variety of techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The synthesised nanocomposites were used as a catalyst on the anode electrode. The anode with nanocomposite showed an improved performance compared to the unmodified or bare anode and the anode with only biochar. The charge-discharge study, polarisation study, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Coulombic efficiency, and other techniques were used to accomplish the electrochemical investigation. The testing results showed significant improvements in power density of up to 13.32 W/m³, highlighting the composite’s potential to boost MFC efficiency. The improved biofilm formation was observed using increasing concentrations of biochar@Fe₂O₃ nanocomposites. The energy recovered as bioelectricity was around 16.34%. Owing to the abundance of Chir Pine biomass and iron-rich Petunia plants, this green-synthesized nanocomposite offers a low-cost and scalable approach for simultaneous wastewater treatment and clean energy generation, aligning with circular economy and sustainability goals.

本研究将松木衍生的生物炭和矮牵牛花衍生的氧化铁（Fe2O3）作为纳米复合材料作为阳极催化剂，增强了微生物燃料电池（MFC）的功能。这种组合的目的是提高微生物活性和电子传递。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和x射线衍射（XRD）等多种技术对纳米复合材料进行了检测。合成的纳米复合材料用作阳极电极上的催化剂。采用纳米复合材料制备的阳极与未改性阳极、裸阳极和仅添加生物炭的阳极相比，性能得到了显著提高。利用充放电研究、极化研究、循环伏安法、电化学阻抗谱、库仑效率等技术完成了电化学研究。测试结果显示，功率密度显著提高，最高可达13.32 W/m3，突出了复合材料提高MFC效率的潜力。通过增加biochar@Fe2O3纳米复合材料的浓度，可以观察到生物膜形成的改善。以生物电形式回收的能量约为16.34%。由于丰富的赤松生物量和富含铁的矮牵牛花植物，这种绿色合成的纳米复合材料为同时处理废水和清洁能源提供了一种低成本和可扩展的方法，符合循环经济和可持续发展的目标。

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引用次数: 0

Recent approaches of toxicity-related attributes of NMs: A systematic review NMs毒性相关属性的最新研究方法：系统综述

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100160

Nilesh Chaudhari, Sayali Shinde, Ujwal Havelikar, Sharav Desai, Vipul Patel

NMs are becoming a valuable tool for many applications in biomedicine, cosmetics, and agriculture. Because of their compatibility with the nanoscale nature of biological systems, NMs are essential to nanobiotechnology, improving applications including targeted drug delivery, biomedical implants, prosthetics, and diagnostic equipment. NMs enhance medicinal formulations by improving stability and delivery, and strengthen crop resilience in agriculture. While NM offer great benefits, there is growing concerns regarding the potential toxicity due to physicochemical properties such as small size, large surface area, high reactivity. For instance, silver nanoparticles exhibit IC₅₀ values of 14.6 µg/mL (24 h) and 8.3 µg/mL (48 h) in THP-1 cells, whereas ionic Ag⁺ shows greater cytotoxicity (5.3 µg/mL and 2.9 µg/mL, respectively). Shape-dependent effects are also evident, where exposure to differently shaped gold nanoparticles resulted in elevated oxidative stress markers (AST 168 %, SOD 184 %, CAT 137 %), confirming geometry-related toxicity variations. Moreover, advanced lipid-based nanocarriers, such as methotrexate (Methotrexate)-loaded lactoferrin-solid lipid nanoparticles, demonstrated a 70 % reduction in angiogenesis and IC₅₀ = 0.51 µM, highlighting safer-by-design approaches. Different types of NPs show toxicity by the mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, genotoxicity, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and membrane damage. Current systematic review provides extensive analysis of toxicity-related attributes of NMs, factor influencing toxicity, and advanced mechanisms of nanotoxicity. Great emphasis is placed on emerging approaches such as omics-based technology, high-throughput screening, organ-on-chip, and in silico modelling of ADMET properties. Regulatory guidelines, standardization efforts, and the challenges inherent to current nanotoxicity assessments are critically reviewed.

纳米粒子在生物医药、化妆品、农业等领域的应用日益广泛。由于它们与生物系统的纳米级特性的兼容性，纳米纳米材料对纳米生物技术至关重要，改善了包括靶向药物输送、生物医学植入物、修复术和诊断设备在内的应用。NMs通过改善稳定性和交付来改善药物配方，并增强农业作物的抵御能力。虽然纳米材料有很大的好处，但由于其体积小、表面积大、反应活性高等物理化学特性，其潜在的毒性也越来越受到关注。例如，银纳米颗粒在THP-1细胞中表现出14.6 μ g/mL （24 h）和8.3 μ g/mL （48 h）的IC₅₀值，而离子Ag⁺显示出更大的细胞毒性（分别为5.3 μ g/mL和2.9 μ g/mL）。形状依赖性效应也很明显，暴露于不同形状的金纳米颗粒导致氧化应激标志物升高（AST 168%, SOD 184%, CAT 137%），证实了几何相关的毒性变化。此外，先进的基于脂质的纳米载体，如甲氨蝶呤（甲氨蝶呤）负载乳铁蛋白固体脂质纳米颗粒，显示血管生成减少70%，IC₅0 = 0.51µM，突出了更安全的设计方法。不同类型的NPs通过氧化应激、炎症反应、遗传毒性、细胞凋亡、线粒体功能障碍和膜损伤等机制表现出毒性。目前的系统综述对纳米毒性相关属性、影响毒性的因素和纳米毒性的先进机制进行了广泛的分析。重点放在新兴方法上，如基于组学的技术、高通量筛选、器官芯片和ADMET特性的计算机建模。监管指导方针，标准化的努力，和挑战固有的当前纳米毒性评估进行了严格审查。

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引用次数: 0

Formulation and evaluation of apolipoprotein B peptide-targeted siRNA liposomes against herpes simplex virus type 1: Delivery potential and limitations 载脂蛋白B肽靶向siRNA脂质体抗1型单纯疱疹病毒的配方和评价：递送潜力和局限性

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100162

Doaa Jbara-Agbaria , Majd Agbaria , Gershon Golomb

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) establishes lifelong latency in the trigeminal ganglia, and current antiviral treatments are unable to eliminate the latent virus or prevent reactivation. siRNA against HSV1 (siRNA@HSV1) silences HSV1 ICP0 gene, an immediate-early viral gene essential for HSV1 replication and reactivation. This study aimed to formulate siRNA@HSV1 loaded Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) peptide-targeted liposomes, leveraging ApoB’s affinity for proteoglycans (PGs) and low-density lipoprotein receptors.

Liposomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration technique following covalent binding of the ApoB peptide to DSPE-PEG lipid for targeting. The formulations were evaluated for physicochemical properties and stability using DLS, siRNA encapsulation by NanoDrop, cytotoxicity by MTT assay, extracellular matrix (ECM) binding by competition assay using Matrigel, and in vivo biodistribution in mice following retro-orbital and intraperitoneal (IP) administrations.

The liposomes exhibited nanoscale size, narrow size distribution, neutral surface charge, efficient siRNA loading, and a uniform spherical morphology. ApoB peptide-targeted liposomes showed enhanced binding to the ECM in vitro, while biodistribution studies in mice showed preferential accumulation in the trigeminal ganglia following systemic IP administration. However, ApoB peptide-targeted liposomes encapsulating siRNA@HSV1 were poorly stable. Liposomes aggregated after 1 month of storage at 4^°C, and membrane labeling with various fluorescent probes resulted in rapid quenching. Consequently, antiviral studies were not performed.

These findings suggest an incompatibility between siRNA@HSV1 and ApoB peptide. Overall, this study highlights the potential of ApoB peptide-targeted liposomes for trigeminal ganglia delivery but underscores the need for improved stability and/or alternative targeting strategies to advance siRNA-based therapies against latent HSV1.

单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV1）在三叉神经节中建立终身潜伏期，目前的抗病毒治疗无法消除潜伏病毒或防止再激活。抗HSV1的siRNA （siRNA@HSV1）沉默了HSV1 ICP0基因，这是HSV1复制和再激活所必需的即时早期病毒基因。本研究旨在利用载脂蛋白B （ApoB）对蛋白聚糖（pg）和低密度脂蛋白受体的亲和力，制备siRNA@HSV1负载载脂蛋白B （ApoB）肽靶向脂质体。ApoB肽与DSPE-PEG脂质共价结合后，采用薄膜水合技术制备脂质体。采用DLS法、NanoDrop法、MTT法、Matrigel法竞争法、细胞外基质（ECM）结合法，以及眼眶后和腹腔内给药后小鼠体内生物分布等方法，对制剂的理化性质和稳定性进行了评价。脂质体具有纳米级尺寸、窄尺寸分布、中性表面电荷、高效的siRNA负载和均匀的球形形态。体外实验显示，载脂蛋白肽靶向脂质体与ECM的结合增强，而小鼠体内的生物分布研究显示，全身给药后，三叉神经节优先积累。然而，载脂蛋白肽靶向脂质体包裹siRNA@HSV1稳定性差。脂质体在4°C下储存1个月后聚集，用各种荧光探针标记膜导致快速猝灭。因此，没有进行抗病毒研究。这些发现表明siRNA@HSV1和载脂蛋白ob肽之间不相容。总的来说，这项研究强调了载脂蛋白肽靶向脂质体在三叉神经节递送中的潜力，但也强调了提高稳定性和/或替代靶向策略的必要性，以推进基于sirna的针对潜伏性HSV1的治疗。

{"title":"Formulation and evaluation of apolipoprotein B peptide-targeted siRNA liposomes against herpes simplex virus type 1: Delivery potential and limitations","authors":"Doaa Jbara-Agbaria , Majd Agbaria , Gershon Golomb","doi":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) establishes lifelong latency in the trigeminal ganglia, and current antiviral treatments are unable to eliminate the latent virus or prevent reactivation. siRNA against HSV1 (siRNA@HSV1) silences HSV1 ICP0 gene, an immediate-early viral gene essential for HSV1 replication and reactivation. This study aimed to formulate siRNA@HSV1 loaded Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) peptide-targeted liposomes, leveraging ApoB’s affinity for proteoglycans (PGs) and low-density lipoprotein receptors.</div><div>Liposomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration technique following covalent binding of the ApoB peptide to DSPE-PEG lipid for targeting. The formulations were evaluated for physicochemical properties and stability using DLS, siRNA encapsulation by NanoDrop, cytotoxicity by MTT assay, extracellular matrix (ECM) binding by competition assay using Matrigel, and in vivo biodistribution in mice following retro-orbital and intraperitoneal (IP) administrations.</div><div>The liposomes exhibited nanoscale size, narrow size distribution, neutral surface charge, efficient siRNA loading, and a uniform spherical morphology. ApoB peptide-targeted liposomes showed enhanced binding to the ECM in vitro, while biodistribution studies in mice showed preferential accumulation in the trigeminal ganglia following systemic IP administration. However, ApoB peptide-targeted liposomes encapsulating siRNA@HSV1 were poorly stable. Liposomes aggregated after 1 month of storage at 4<sup>°</sup>C, and membrane labeling with various fluorescent probes resulted in rapid quenching. Consequently, antiviral studies were not performed.</div><div>These findings suggest an incompatibility between siRNA@HSV1 and ApoB peptide. Overall, this study highlights the potential of ApoB peptide-targeted liposomes for trigeminal ganglia delivery but underscores the need for improved stability and/or alternative targeting strategies to advance siRNA-based therapies against latent HSV1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100942,"journal":{"name":"Nano Trends","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cold-sintered hybrid nanostructures for biomedical drug delivery: A nanomanufacturing pathway toward clinical translation 用于生物医学药物传递的冷烧结杂化纳米结构：迈向临床转化的纳米制造途径

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100159

Kaveh Rahimi Mamaghani , Nader Parvin , Mostafa Rajabzadeh

Hybrid nanostructures have emerged as highly versatile platforms for biomedical drug delivery due to their ability to integrate inorganic and organic phases into multifunctional architectures. These systems offer advantages such as tunable drug release profiles, structural stability, and the potential for targeted therapeutic action. Despite these benefits, conventional fabrication methods often rely on high-temperature processes that limit scalability, energy efficiency, and compatibility with delicate bioactive agents. The Cold Sintering Process (CSP), a novel low-temperature densification technique, has recently gained attention as a sustainable alternative capable of addressing these limitations. By operating at ultralow temperatures under modest pressure, CSP preserves organic functionality, enhances structural integrity, and enables the production of hybrid nanostructures with retained biological activity. This review consolidates recent advances in hybrid nanostructures for drug delivery, emphasizing bone-related and load-bearing systems as key examples, while maintaining relevance to broader biomedical drug-delivery contexts. The discussion highlights structure-property relationships, processing-function correlations, and the role of CSP in designing next-generation biomaterials with enhanced biocompatibility, tunability, and clinical relevance. While bone and load-bearing systems are used as representative platforms, the CSP approach introduced here provides a generalizable framework for fabricating multifunctional drug-delivery devices across diverse biomedical environments. Challenges related to reproducibility, scale-up, and regulatory translation are critically assessed. Finally, future research directions are proposed to integrate CSP into nanomanufacturing pipelines for biomedical applications. By bridging nanomanufacturing, biomaterials, and drug delivery, this work positions CSP as a transformative processing strategy for enabling multifunctional hybrid systems in healthcare.

由于混合纳米结构能够将无机和有机相集成到多功能结构中，因此它们已成为生物医学药物输送的高度通用平台。这些系统具有可调的药物释放谱、结构稳定性和靶向治疗作用的潜力等优点。尽管有这些优点，传统的制造方法通常依赖于高温工艺，这限制了可扩展性、能源效率和与精细生物活性剂的兼容性。冷烧结工艺（CSP）是一种新型的低温致密化技术，最近作为一种能够解决这些限制的可持续替代技术而受到关注。通过在适度压力下的超低温下操作，CSP保留了有机功能，增强了结构完整性，并使生产具有保留生物活性的混合纳米结构成为可能。这篇综述总结了混合纳米结构在药物传递方面的最新进展，强调骨相关和承重系统是关键的例子，同时保持了与更广泛的生物医学药物传递背景的相关性。讨论重点是结构-性质关系，加工-功能相关性，以及CSP在设计具有增强生物相容性，可调节性和临床相关性的下一代生物材料中的作用。虽然骨和承重系统被用作代表性平台，但这里介绍的CSP方法为在不同生物医学环境中制造多功能药物输送装置提供了一个可推广的框架。与可重复性、规模扩大和监管翻译相关的挑战被严格评估。最后，提出了将CSP集成到生物医学纳米制造管道中的未来研究方向。通过连接纳米制造、生物材料和药物输送，这项工作将CSP定位为一种变革性的处理策略，用于实现医疗保健中的多功能混合系统。

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引用次数: 0

Nanoplatform-based theranostics in glioblastoma: A promising frontier for precision oncology 基于纳米平台的胶质母细胞瘤治疗：精准肿瘤学的一个有前途的前沿

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100158

Kesavarajan Govindarajan Karthikeyan , Balamurali Venkatesan , Natarajan Vaghesan , Pavithra Selvan , Sakthinarenderan Saikumar

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain neoplasm, characterized by a poor prognosis and resistance to standard treatments. The tumor's infiltrative characteristics and the tight blood-brain barrier (BBB) impede effective therapy. Recent advancements in nanoplatform-based theranostics provide a novel approach by combining targeted drug delivery with real-time diagnostic imaging. Multifunctional nanoparticles, including liposomal, dendrimers, polymeric, and inorganic systems, may be designed to traverse the blood-brain barrier, specifically target glioblastoma cells, provide controlled drug release, and offer molecular imaging using MRI, PET, or fluorescence techniques. Surface modification using ligands or antibodies, such as transferrin or EGFR-targeting agents, improves tumor selectivity and reduces systemic toxicity. Furthermore, stimuli-responsive designs provide site-specific medication activation inside the tumor microenvironment, enhancing therapeutic precision. Preclinical investigations have shown substantial improvements in medication bioavailability, imaging precision, and survival outcomes in GBM models. Despite these breakthroughs, translational obstacles endure, including large-scale synthesis, repeatability, and regulatory approval. Mitigating these hurdles by GMP-scale manufacturing, economical formulations, and multidisciplinary cooperation may expedite clinical acceptance. Nanotheranostic technologies signify a potential advancement in precision oncology, providing concurrent diagnosis, tailored treatment, and real-time monitoring—facilitating personalized and successful management of GBM.

胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是最具侵袭性的原发性脑肿瘤，其特点是预后差，对标准治疗有耐药性。肿瘤的浸润性特点和致密的血脑屏障（BBB）阻碍了有效的治疗。基于纳米平台的治疗学的最新进展提供了一种结合靶向药物递送和实时诊断成像的新方法。多功能纳米颗粒，包括脂质体、树状大分子、聚合物和无机系统，可以设计用于穿越血脑屏障，专门针对胶质母细胞瘤细胞，提供受控的药物释放，并使用MRI、PET或荧光技术提供分子成像。使用配体或抗体（如转铁蛋白或egfr靶向药物）进行表面修饰，可提高肿瘤选择性并降低全身毒性。此外，刺激响应设计在肿瘤微环境内提供特定部位的药物激活，提高治疗精度。临床前研究显示，GBM模型在药物生物利用度、成像精度和生存结果方面有了实质性的改善。尽管取得了这些突破，但转化障碍仍然存在，包括大规模合成、可重复性和监管批准。通过gmp规模生产、经济配方和多学科合作来减轻这些障碍可能会加快临床接受。纳米治疗技术预示着精准肿瘤学的潜在进步，提供同步诊断、定制治疗和实时监测——促进GBM的个性化和成功管理。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances in additive manufacturing of composite-based acoustic metamaterials for marine cloaking: Challenges and opportunities 海洋隐身复合声学材料增材制造的最新进展：挑战与机遇

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100156

Tanjim Zahin Shuchi, Md Tanzim Rafat, Shahida Begum

Additive manufacturing (AM) has become a powerful tool for fabricating composite-based acoustic metamaterials with unprecedented structural control, scalability, and design flexibility. This review critically examines recent advances in AM techniques for developing high-performance metamaterials aimed at marine acoustic cloaking. We discuss how AM enables tunable anisotropy, density, and bulk modulus, which are essential for redirecting acoustic waves, reducing scattering, and achieving broadband, omnidirectional cloaking under harsh marine conditions. Key developments in hierarchical architectures, multi-material integration, and lightweight lattice designs are analyzed alongside performance gains in sound absorption, hydrostatic pressure resistance, and stealth functionality. Despite this progress, significant challenges remain, including manufacturing precision, energy losses, and environmental durability issues such as biofouling and material degradation. The review highlights opportunities to integrate advanced computational modeling, bio-inspired design concepts, and eco-friendly feedstocks to address these limitations. By focusing on additive manufacturing, this article provides a critical perspective on the current state, challenges, and future directions of composite-based acoustic metamaterials, outlining a path toward practical, scalable solutions for underwater exploration, communication, and defense applications.

增材制造（AM）已成为制造基于复合材料的声学超材料的强大工具，具有前所未有的结构控制、可扩展性和设计灵活性。这篇综述严格审查了最近在AM技术开发高性能超材料的进展，旨在海洋声隐身。我们讨论了AM如何实现可调的各向异性、密度和体积模量，这对于在恶劣的海洋条件下重定向声波、减少散射和实现宽带、全向隐身至关重要。分析了分层结构、多材料集成和轻量化晶格设计方面的关键发展，以及吸声、抗静水压力和隐身功能方面的性能提升。尽管取得了这些进展，但仍然存在重大挑战，包括制造精度、能量损失和环境耐久性问题，如生物污垢和材料降解。该综述强调了整合先进的计算建模、生物启发设计概念和环保原料来解决这些限制的机会。通过关注增材制造，本文对复合声学超材料的现状、挑战和未来方向提供了一个关键的视角，概述了一条通往水下勘探、通信和国防应用的实用、可扩展解决方案的道路。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced photovoltaic performance of dye sensitized solar cells using synergistically Co-doped FeCu@MoS2 counter electrodes 利用协同共掺杂FeCu@MoS2对电极增强染料敏化太阳能电池的光伏性能

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100157

S. Sangeethavanathi , P. Gowthaman , S. Vigneswaran

The development of cost-effective and electrocatalytically active counter electrodes (CEs) is crucial for advancing dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). While molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is a promising alternative to scarce platinum, its performance is limited by low conductivity and insufficient active sites. This work introduces a novel bimetallic doping strategy to engineer a high-performance CE for DSSCs. We successfully synthesized an iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) co-doped MoS₂ nanocomposite (FeCu@MoS₂) via a facile hydrothermal method. The material was comprehensively characterized to understand its structural, optical, and morphological properties and evaluated as a CE through detailed electrochemical analysis. The Fe-Cu co-doping induces significant lattice strain, reduces the crystallite size to 3.3 nm, and narrows the bandgap to 1.40 eV. The resulting material exhibits a highly porous 2D hierarchical morphology with a substantially increased surface area (137 m²/g) and demonstrates superior electrocatalytic activity for the I₃⁻/I⁻ redox reaction, evidenced by a low charge transfer resistance (60 Ω). When deployed in a DSSC, the FeCu@MoS₂ CE achieves remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.86 %, significantly outperforming devices with pristine MoS₂ (5.39 %), Fe@MoS₂ (8.12 %), and Cu@MoS₂ (9.43 %) CEs. It also shows exceptional operational stability, retaining over 90 % of its initial PCE after 20 days. This study underscores the profound synergistic effect of Fe-Cu co-doping in enhancing the catalytic and electronic properties of MoS₂, establishing FeCu@MoS₂ as a highly efficient, durable, and cost-effective platinum-free CE for next-generation photovoltaic devices.

开发具有成本效益和电催化活性的对电极（CEs）是推进染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs）发展的关键。虽然二硫化钼（MoS 2）是稀有铂的有前途的替代品，但其性能受到低电导率和活性位点不足的限制。本文介绍了一种新的双金属掺杂策略来设计DSSCs的高性能CE。我们成功地通过水热法合成了铁（Fe）和铜（Cu）共掺杂的MoS₂纳米复合材料（FeCu@MoS₂）。对材料进行了全面表征，以了解其结构，光学和形态特性，并通过详细的电化学分析评估为CE。Fe-Cu共掺杂引起了显著的晶格应变，使晶体尺寸减小到3.3 nm，带隙缩小到1.40 eV。所得材料具有高度多孔的二维层次结构，其表面积大大增加（137 m²/g），并且对I₃⁻/I⁻还原反应具有优异的电催化活性，其低电荷转移阻力（60 Ω）证明了这一点。当部署在DSSC中时，FeCu@MoS₂CE的功率转换效率（PCE）达到12.86%，显著优于原始MoS₂（5.39%）、Fe@MoS₂（8.12%）和Cu@MoS₂（9.43%）CE。它还显示出卓越的运行稳定性，在20天后保持了90%以上的初始PCE。该研究强调了Fe-Cu共掺杂在提高MoS₂的催化和电子性能方面的深刻协同效应，确立了FeCu@MoS₂作为下一代光伏器件的高效，耐用和经济的无铂CE。

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引用次数: 0

Nanotechnology-Driven cardiac tissue engineering and 3D bioprinting: Mechanistic insights into myocardial repair and regeneration 纳米技术驱动的心脏组织工程和3D生物打印：心肌修复和再生的机制见解

Nano Trends

Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2025.100155

Sasmita Samal , Sanam Priya Sahoo , Biswajeet Acharya

Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, largely due to the limited regenerative capacity of the myocardium after infarction. Conventional treatments alleviate symptoms but cannot restore functional cardiac tissue. Recent advances in nanotechnology and 3D bioprinting offer transformative strategies for cardiac regeneration. Nanostructured biomaterials, oxygen-generating nanoparticles, and nanoformulated growth factors enhance angiogenesis, paracrine signaling, and cell survival, while bioprinting provides patient-specific constructs with precise cellular and matrix organization. This review highlights how nanoengineered hydrogels, exosome-loaded scaffolds, and conductive composites improve vascularization, alignment, and contractility. We emphasize the novelty of integrating nanotechnology with 3D bioprinting to replicate native myocardial microarchitecture and function, a critical step toward clinically relevant cardiac constructs. Despite encouraging preclinical results, barriers remain, including vascularization, immune compatibility, and mechanical integration. Addressing these challenges will be key to translating biofabricated therapies into practice.

缺血性心脏病是世界范围内死亡的主要原因，主要是由于梗死后心肌再生能力有限。常规治疗可以缓解症状，但不能恢复心脏组织的功能。纳米技术和3D生物打印技术的最新进展为心脏再生提供了变革性的策略。纳米结构的生物材料、产氧纳米粒子和纳米配方的生长因子增强血管生成、旁分泌信号和细胞存活，而生物打印提供了精确的细胞和基质组织的患者特异性结构。这篇综述强调了纳米工程水凝胶、外泌体负载支架和导电复合材料如何改善血管化、排列和收缩性。我们强调将纳米技术与3D生物打印相结合的新颖性，以复制天然心肌的微结构和功能，这是临床相关心脏结构的关键一步。尽管临床前结果令人鼓舞，但仍存在障碍，包括血管化、免疫相容性和机械整合。解决这些挑战将是将生物制造疗法转化为实践的关键。

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引用次数: 0