Next Energy最新文献_第4页

Optimizing charge carrier dynamics in photocatalysts for enhanced CO2 photoreduction: Fundamental principles, advanced strategies, and characterization techniques

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100222

Bangwang Li , Liteng Ren , Daochuan Jiang , Minyu Jia , Mengjie Zhang , Gengsheng Xu , Yingqiang Sun , Linrui Hou , Changzhou Yuan , Yupeng Yuan

The photocatalytic conversion of CO₂ into valuable chemicals represents a significant strategy for addressing global warming and climate change. The effectiveness and selectivity of this process depend critically on the efficient separation of electron-hole pairs within photocatalysts. This review summarizes recent advancements in optimizing photocatalyst performance through enhanced charge carrier dynamics. We first detail the fundamental principles of free carrier dynamics and exciton interactions and then evaluate strategies for improving charge carrier separation and utilization, such as cocatalyst loading, heterojunction formation, photoelectron injection, and donor-acceptor systems. The role of advanced characterization methods, including photoluminescence, Kelvin probe force microscopy, transient absorption spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, in elucidating charge carrier dynamics, is also reviewed. The review concludes by identifying current challenges and proposing future research perspectives on enhancing charge carrier dynamics to improve CO₂ reduction efficiency.

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引用次数: 0

Valorization of waste seed oil from Cupressus macrocarpa L. for biodiesel production via green-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles: A sustainable approach toward decarbonization

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100218

Rozina , Okezie Emmanuel , Mushtaq Ahmad , Ademola Duduyemi , Shabir Ahmad , Amjad Khan , Rutherford Esiaba , Christopher Elekwachi

The urgent need to combat climate change and reduce reliance on fossil fuels has accelerated the global transition toward renewable energy. Consequently, waste-to-biofuel conversion offers a promising pathway to both sustainable energy production and circular resource use. This study investigates the potential of a novel feedstock, Cupressus macrocarpa L., with a high nonedible seed oil content of 26% (w/w), for biodiesel production. Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₂O₃ NPs), synthesized using an aqueous leaf extract of Salvia moocroftiana L., were employed as a cost-effective and recyclable catalyst for the transesterification process. Under optimal conditions—methanol to oil molar ratio of 9:1, catalyst loading of 0.7 wt%, temperature of 60 °C, and a reaction time of 120 min—the process achieved a 93% conversion to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The Fe₂O₃ NPs catalyst, with an average particle size of 30 nm, effectively catalyzed the reaction and demonstrated reusability over 5 cycles. Analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance, confirmed FAME production, while gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis identified 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester as the primary biodiesel component. The final product met international fuel standards and achieved an ultra-low sulfur concentration of 0.0009%, highlighting its environmental and economic viability.

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引用次数: 0

Toward scale-up of solid-state battery via dry electrode technology

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100221

Yuan Liu , Huaiyu Shao , Junpo Guo , Han Yu , Hongli Xu , Xiaoxiong Xu , Yonghong Deng , Jun Wang , He Yan

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) with projected high safety and high-energy density have been heavily pursued as the next generation of electrochemical storage devices, while their realization still faces challenges, including scalable fabrication process, high-loading electrode, and robust thin solid electrolyte. Dry electrode technology (DET) is an emerging battery preparation method that embodies with numerous advantages, including simplified production procedures, loading-enhanced electrode, as well as elimination of solvent sensitivity. Currently, the DET is of great interest for its potential capability in upgrading the slurry-based SSB system that we are experiencing. Herein, the issues encountered in the wet process and the corresponding remedies by DET are introduced, followed by a summarization of multiple DET methodologies. The latest developments of DET are analyzed separately in terms of its application in cathode, anode, and solid electrolytes with emphasis on manufacturing method and material science. Binder selection, which has a growing influence on the quality of the dry film, is discussed as well. Based on the insights acquired, future potential attempts at DET are proposed to meet the goal of SSB commercialization.

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引用次数: 0

Shape optimization of non-uniform parametric piezoelectric energy harvester beam

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100217

Milad Hasani , Hossein Shahverdi

This study presents an efficient electromechanical model for the analysis of piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) with varying cross-sectional widths along their length. The model, validated through finite element method (FEM) simulations and experimental data, enables rapid analysis and optimization of PEHs. The Nelder-Mead optimization algorithm was employed to enhance power generation performance across three cross-sectional configurations: rectangular, trapezoidal, and quadratic. Results indicate that optimization significantly improves the power density of conventional cantilever piezoelectric beams, achieving high power outputs without the need for complex structures. Among the configurations, the quadratic PEH demonstrated the highest normalized power (31.31 mW/g²) and safety factor (13.79) in the linear region. Although the trapezoidal PEH showed superior safety under large deformations, the quadratic design achieved the highest peak power (166.9 mW) and peak power density (43.80 mW/cm³) at the maximum base acceleration. The optimized quadratic energy harvester thus represents one of the most effective designs reported in the literature for PEHs.

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引用次数: 0

Experiments on a discretized 3D compound parabolic concentrator with a sensible heat storage 带显热蓄热的离散三维复合抛物面聚光器试验

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100224

Casiana Blasius Lwiwa, Ole Jørgen Nydal

A Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) is investigated for capturing and focusing sun rays onto an absorber, for conversion of solar radiation to heat. CPCs are cost-effective as they do not need solar tracking, only requiring tilting of the concentrator at intermediate times during a day. In this study, a 3D CPC with reflecting surfaces is strongly simplified by using only two sets of 4 flat mirrors (upper and lower mirrors) arranged in such a way that they form a quadratic funnel. A cylindrical heat absorber made of aluminum is positioned at the base of the funnel and the system is insulated to reduce the heat losses from the system. The purpose of the heat storage is to accumulate heat at sufficient temperatures for cooking. The idea is that a concentrator can be positioned over the heat storage and be replaced by an insulating cover after the heat storage has been charged. Tests with a CPC system is presented here, with test results in outdoor conditions in Trondheim, Norway during the months of May and June. The heat storage reached temperatures of about 135 °C at solar radiation conditions of 500–700 W/m², higher temperatures are to be expected with improved insulation and at sun conditions closer to equator. Previous separate cooking tests have been successfully demonstrated on a similar cylinder for initial heat storage temperatures of 220 °C. A computational model which was tuned to the 220 °C case showed that even an initial temperature of 140 °C can be sufficient for boiling water although at modest amounts of about 1 l.

研究了一种复合抛物面聚光器（CPC），用于捕获和聚焦太阳光线到吸收体上，将太阳辐射转化为热量。cpc的成本效益很高，因为它们不需要太阳能跟踪，只需要在一天中的中间时间倾斜聚光器。在本研究中，通过仅使用两组4个平面镜（上镜和下镜）以形成二次漏斗的方式排列，强烈简化了具有反射面的3D CPC。漏斗底部装有铝制的圆柱形吸热器，并对系统进行了隔热，以减少系统的热损失。蓄热的目的是在足够的温度下为烹饪积累热量。这个想法是，一个集中器可以放置在储热器上，并在储热器充电后由一个绝缘盖取代。这里介绍了CPC系统的测试，以及5月和6月在挪威特隆赫姆室外条件下的测试结果。在500-700 W/m2的太阳辐射条件下，储热温度达到135 °C左右，随着隔热性能的提高和太阳条件更接近赤道，储热温度预计会更高。以前单独的烹饪试验已经成功地在220 °C的初始储热温度的类似圆筒上进行了演示。一个调整到220 °C情况下的计算模型表明，即使初始温度为140 °C，也足以使水沸腾，尽管量不大，约为1l。

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引用次数: 0

Potential uses of perovskite-based photovoltaics for hydrogen production: A pathway to sustainable energy solutions 钙钛矿基光伏制氢的潜在用途：通往可持续能源解决方案的途径

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100215

Kehinde Temitope Alao , Syed Ihtsham ul Haq Gilani , Taiwo Onaopemipo Alao , Abiola Usman Adebanjo , Oluwaseun Ruth Alara

This review examines the potential of perovskite photovoltaic (PV) cells for clean hydrogen production, a vital component of the global shift toward sustainable energy. Utilizing a systematic review of literature from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, this study provides recent advancements and identifies persistent challenges in the application of perovskite PVs for hydrogen generation. Despite their market dominance, traditional silicon PV cells have limitations that perovskite PVs may overcome. While silicon PV cells achieve efficiencies between 23.3% and 26.7%, lababoratory-scale tandem perovskite PV devices have surpassed this, with efficiencies exceeding 29.8% and a greater potential for future improvement. This efficiency leap positions them as promising candidates for hydrogen production via electrolysis. However, the scalability, stability, and environmental impacts of perovskite PVs necessitate further research in materials science. The review highlights the critical need for advancements in material properties and system integration, as well as supportive policies to foster the adoption of perovskite PVs. Ultimately, the review proposes a strategic framework for optimizing hydrogen production with perovskite-based PV technology, making a significant contribution to the discourse on sustainable hydrogen solutions.

本文综述了钙钛矿光伏（PV）电池用于清洁氢生产的潜力，这是全球向可持续能源转变的重要组成部分。通过对Scopus和Web of Science数据库的文献进行系统回顾，本研究提供了钙钛矿pv用于制氢的最新进展，并确定了持续存在的挑战。尽管占据市场主导地位，但传统的硅光伏电池有钙钛矿光伏电池可能克服的局限性。虽然硅光伏电池的效率在23.3%到26.7%之间，但实验室规模的串联钙钛矿光伏设备的效率已经超过了这一点，效率超过了29.8%，并且未来有更大的改进潜力。这种效率的飞跃使它们成为电解制氢的有希望的候选者。然而，钙钛矿pv的可扩展性、稳定性和环境影响需要在材料科学中进一步研究。该综述强调了在材料性能和系统集成方面取得进展的迫切需要，以及促进钙钛矿pv采用的支持性政策。最后，本文提出了一个利用钙钛矿光伏技术优化制氢的战略框架，为可持续氢解决方案的讨论做出了重大贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced electrochemical performance of polycrystalline NCM811 cathode at high voltage through Te-doped LiNbO3 coating for lithium-ion batteries 通过掺te的LiNbO3涂层提高锂离子电池多晶NCM811阴极的高压电化学性能

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100216

Mohamed M. Abdelaal, Mohammad Alkhedher

Ni-rich oxides with layered structures are considered promising cathode materials for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries due to their high capacity and wide potential window. However, they suffer from volume expansion and contraction, as well as Ni reactivity with electrolyte components, leading to structural degradation and continuous lithium consumption during cycling. In this study, a highly electrically and ionically layer of Te-doped LiNbO₃ is coated onto the surface of LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ (NCM811) to protect the crystal structure from cracks and side reactions with the electrolyte at high voltages (4.3 V vs. Li/Li⁺). Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), are employed to analyze the structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the coated materials. Results show that the delivered capacity at 0.1 C increases from 192.9 to 210.8 mAh g⁻¹ and the capacity retention at 0.2 C increases from 79.7 to 89.2% after 100 cycles. Moreover, the diffusion coefficient of the coated NCM is 4.6 × 10⁻¹³ cm² s⁻¹, while that of bare NCM is only 1.5 × 10⁻¹³ cm² s⁻¹ due to the reactivity of the coating layer with lithium. These findings provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of cathode materials for next-generation energy storage systems, contributing to the advancement of sustainable and efficient energy technologies.

具有层状结构的富镍氧化物因其高容量和宽电位窗而被认为是高压锂离子电池极具前景的正极材料。然而，它们受到体积膨胀和收缩的影响，以及Ni与电解质成分的反应性，导致结构退化和循环过程中持续的锂消耗。在本研究中，在LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 （NCM811）表面涂覆了一层高电性和高离子性的te掺杂LiNbO3层，以保护晶体结构在高压（4.3 V vs. Li/Li+）下不发生裂纹和与电解质的副反应。利用x射线衍射（XRD）、动态光散射（DLS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）等表征技术对涂层材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行了分析。结果表明，经过100次循环，0.1 C下的输出容量从192.9 mAh g−1增加到210.8 mAh g−1,0.2 C下的容量保持率从79.7%增加到89.2%。此外，由于涂层与锂的反应性，涂层NCM的扩散系数为4.6 × 10−13 cm2 s−1，而裸NCM的扩散系数仅为1.5 × 10−13 cm2 s−1。这些发现为下一代储能系统正极材料的设计和优化提供了有价值的见解，有助于推动可持续和高效能源技术的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of phenol-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde resins on the gasification of high-pressure laminate waste materials 苯酚-甲醛和三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂对高压层压板废料气化的影响

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100213

Francisco Wendell Bezerra Lopes , Fábio Gonçalves Macêdo de Medeiros , Eduardo Lins de Barros Neto , Jean-Michel Lavoie , Bruna Rego de Vasconcelos

The repurposing of industrial solid wastes for sustainable energy production figures as a convenient alternative to decrease the carbon footprint of industrial processes by increasing circularity and reducing the utilization of fossil-based energy vectors. The furniture industry generates significant amounts of carbon-based waste materials, including high-pressure laminates (HPL) that comprise cellulose-based materials treated with thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde resins. There are currently no energy recovery studies for this type of waste, especially concerning thermochemical conversion. In this work, we proposed to evaluate the potential of HPL wastes for the generation of energy relevant gaseous products (syngas) by gasification, using air and steam as gasifying agents in a downdraft gasifier. The influence of temperature (600–900 °C), equivalence ratio (ER, 0.20–0.30) and the presence of the thermosetting formaldehyde-based resins were evaluated in the composition (H₂ content, H₂/CO ratio) and lower heating value (LHV) of the obtained syngas. The increase in temperature positively influenced the H₂ content in the final gas product, contrarily to the increase in ER. High temperature (900 °C) and low ER (0.20) were found to favor H₂ production (43.8%vol), increase syngas fraction (58.0%vol) and LHV (7.4 MJ/Nm³) of the gas products. The presence of the thermosetting resins contributed to the production of a larger syngas fraction with high H₂ content (62.3%vol, H₂/CO = 2.4). Overall, gasification of HPL wastes was shown to be a promising alternative to the production of hydrogen-rich syngas with potential industrial applications.

将工业固体废物重新用于可持续能源生产，是通过提高循环性和减少使用化石能源载体来减少工业流程碳足迹的一种便捷替代方法。家具行业会产生大量的碳基废料，包括高压层压板（HPL），它由经过热固性苯酚-甲醛和三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂处理的纤维素基材料组成。目前还没有针对这类废物的能源回收研究，尤其是热化学转化方面的研究。在这项工作中，我们建议评估 HPL 废弃物通过气化产生与能源相关的气体产品（合成气）的潜力，在下气流气化器中使用空气和蒸汽作为气化剂。评估了温度（600-900 °C）、等效比（ER，0.20-0.30）和热固性甲醛基树脂的存在对所获合成气的成分（H2 含量、H2/CO 比）和较低热值（LHV）的影响。温度的升高对最终气体产品中的 H2 含量有积极影响，与 ER 的升高相反。高温（900 °C）和低萃取率（0.20）有利于产生 H2（43.8%vol），增加合成气组分（58.0%vol）和气体产品的 LHV（7.4 MJ/Nm3）。热固性树脂的存在有助于产生更多的合成气，其中 H2 含量高（62.3%vol，H2/CO = 2.4）。总之，HPL 废物气化被证明是生产富氢合成气的一种有前途的替代方法，具有潜在的工业应用价值。

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引用次数: 0

Lithium-ion batteries operating at ultrawide temperature range from −90 to +90 °C 锂离子电池可在 -90 至 +90 °C 超宽温度范围内工作

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100214

Jianli Gai , Jirong Yang , Xinghui Wang , Zhicheng Wang , Lingya Qiu , Peng Chen , Hong Li

Enabling the power operating in a wide temperature range is of great significance for next-generation removable devices, and none of the existing batteries met the temperature requirement from ultralow to ultrahigh. Herein, lithium-ion batteries operating in an ultrawide temperature range of −90 to +90 °C were fabricated using a cost-effective method. Electrolytes with weak solvent/Li⁺ interaction, high electrochemical stability, and ultrawide liquid temperature range are key factors for excellent performance. The activation energy can be lower than 0.4 eV at ultralow temperatures. The introduction of butyronitrile in the electrolyte reduces the interaction between solvents and lithium salts on the one hand and broadens the electrochemical window up to more than 5 V. The liquid temperature range of the electrolyte is from nearly −150 °C to more than 100 °C. Surprisingly, the discharging capacity of the batteries at −90 °C can be more than 60% of that at room temperature (RT). The charging capacity at −70 °C can be up to 62% of that at RT. Moreover, the batteries can also operate at +90 °C, and the capacity retention can be more than 85% after 40 cycles. These results reveal a cost-effective method to develop ultrawide temperature range batteries.

对于下一代可移动设备而言，实现在宽温度范围内工作的电源具有重要意义，而现有电池均无法满足从超低温到超高温的温度要求。在此，我们采用一种经济有效的方法制造出了可在 -90 至 +90 °C 超宽温度范围内工作的锂离子电池。具有弱溶剂/Li+相互作用、高电化学稳定性和超宽液体温度范围的电解质是实现优异性能的关键因素。在超低温下，活化能可低于 0.4 eV。在电解液中引入丁腈，一方面可以减少溶剂与锂盐之间的相互作用，另一方面可以将电化学窗口扩大到 5 V 以上。电解液的液态温度范围从近 -150 °C 到超过 100 °C。令人惊讶的是，电池在-90 °C时的放电容量可以达到室温（RT）时的60%以上。零下 70 °C时的充电容量可达室温（RT）时的62%。此外，电池还能在 +90 °C 下工作，循环 40 次后容量保持率可达 85% 以上。这些结果揭示了一种开发超宽温度范围电池的经济有效的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing the diffusion of lithium ions to propel sulfur redox for lithium-sulfur batteries 加强锂离子扩散，推动锂硫电池的硫氧化还原作用

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100212

Tingting Hu , Yunyi Chen , Haijian Liu , Lingli Liu , Chunai Dai , Yongsheng Han

Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered one of the most promising energy carriers due to their ultra-high theoretical energy density and low manufacturing cost. However, the limited diffusion of lithium ions at the electrode interface and the slow redox kinetics of the sulfur cathode easily led to frequent shuttle effects, affecting the electrochemical performance of the battery. In this paper, sulfur electrode materials with different structures of one-dimensional carbon as the carrier and MoS₂ as the catalytic active material are designed by exploring the lithium ions diffusion and electrode reaction behaviors on the cathode surface. Among them, it is found that compared with carbon nanofibers and large-diameter carbon nanotubes, small-diameter carbon nanotubes (SD-CNT) have uniform hollow tubular morphology, abundant micropores, mesopores, and specific surface area, which is not only conducive to containing more active substances but also help the lithium ions diffusion inside the electrode material. Better electrochemical performance is obtained by constructing an interface environment that matches the ionic reaction and diffusion processes. It shows that the first discharge capacity of the obtained SD-CNT@MoS₂-S cathode is as high as 1144 mAh g⁻¹. The capacity retention rate reached more than 92.9% after 100 cycles at 0.5 C rate, further proving that SD-CNT@MoS₂-S can promote the diffusion of lithium ions and the redox kinetics of sulfur. This study provides a new strategy for developing lithium-sulfur batteries with high electrochemical performance.

锂硫电池具有超高的理论能量密度和较低的制造成本，被认为是最有前途的能源载体之一。然而，由于锂离子在电极界面的扩散受限以及硫阴极氧化还原动力学缓慢，容易导致频繁的穿梭效应，影响电池的电化学性能。本文通过探索锂离子在阴极表面的扩散和电极反应行为，设计了以一维碳为载体、MoS2为催化活性材料的不同结构的硫电极材料。研究发现，与碳纳米管和大直径碳纳米管相比，小直径碳纳米管（SD-CNT）具有均匀的空心管状形态，丰富的微孔、中孔和比表面积，不仅有利于含有更多的活性物质，而且有利于锂离子在电极材料内部的扩散。通过构建与离子反应和扩散过程相匹配的界面环境，可以获得更好的电化学性能。研究表明，获得的 SD-CNT@MoS2-S 阴极的首次放电容量高达 1144 mAh g-1。在 0.5 C 的速率下循环 100 次后，容量保持率达到 92.9% 以上，进一步证明了 SD-CNT@MoS2-S 能够促进锂离子的扩散和硫的氧化还原动力学。这项研究为开发具有高电化学性能的锂硫电池提供了一种新策略。

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引用次数: 0