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Coupling geothermal energy with geological carbon storage: A holistic review of enhanced geothermal systems using CO₂ as a working fluid 地热能与地质碳储存的耦合:利用二氧化碳作为工作流体的增强型地热系统的整体综述
Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100486
Jemal Worku Fentaw, Elvin Hajiyev, Abdul Rehman Baig, Hossein Emadi
CO2-based enhanced geothermal system (CO2-EGS), also known as CO2 plume geothermal, has emerged as a promising avenue to address the growing global energy demand and mitigate global climate concerns by exploiting renewable energy from geothermal reservoirs while concurrently sequestering CO2. In this method, CO2, in a supercritical state or dissolved in brine, is used as a working fluid to harness the geothermal energy held in hot reservoir rocks, with part of the CO2 being trapped in the reservoir. Despite their rapidly growing popularity, the integration assessment of CO2-EGS studies, fragmented into various subjects such as thermodynamics, heat transfer, multiphase flow, reservoir hydraulics, geomechanics, and geochemistry, remains insufficiently explored. Thus, a critical review that consolidates conducted studies, identifies gaps, and directs future research in this coupled technology is crucial. This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of CO2-EGS, emphasizing its significance, the major challenges affecting its performance and mitigation strategies, the thermophysical properties of CO2 as a working fluid, and CO2 storage while extracting geothermal energy. The study revealed the key benefits of CO2-EGS, including reducing corrosion and scaling effects in the wellbore, maintaining reservoir pressure, storing CO2, increasing sweep efficiency of the reservoir, lowering pumping power, and addressing water scarcity for geothermal systems. Despite its significance, CO2-EGS encounters major challenges, such as cost, drilling and operating wells in harsh geological conditions, CO2 leakage, lost circulation, premature thermal breakthrough, lower specific enthalpy, and incomplete heating. Key factors influencing its performance include properties of the reservoir, natural fractures and faults, geochemical and geomechanical factors, well design, type of thermodynamic cycle used, and CO2-related factors such as injection rate, injection pressure, temperature, and impurities. Overall, this review provides insights into significant advancements achieved and highlights future research to leverage CO2-EGS for reducing CO2 emissions while extracting geothermal energy.
基于二氧化碳的增强型地热系统(CO2- egs),也被称为二氧化碳羽流地热,已经成为解决日益增长的全球能源需求和缓解全球气候问题的一种有前途的途径,它可以从地热储层中开采可再生能源,同时封存二氧化碳。在这种方法中,超临界状态或溶解在盐水中的二氧化碳被用作工作流体,以利用热储层岩石中保存的地热能,部分二氧化碳被困在储层中。尽管二氧化碳- egs研究迅速普及,但其综合评估仍未得到充分的探索,这些研究分散在热力学、传热、多相流、油藏水力学、地质力学和地球化学等不同学科中。因此,对这一耦合技术进行综合研究、识别差距和指导未来研究的批判性回顾是至关重要的。本文旨在对CO2- egs进行全面评估,强调其重要性、影响其性能和缓解策略的主要挑战、CO2作为工作流体的热物理特性以及提取地热能时CO2的储存。该研究揭示了CO2- egs的主要优势,包括减少井筒中的腐蚀和结垢效应,保持油藏压力,储存二氧化碳,提高油藏波及效率,降低泵送功率,解决地热系统缺水问题。尽管具有重要意义,但CO2- egs也面临着一些重大挑战,如成本、恶劣地质条件下的钻井和作业、二氧化碳泄漏、漏失、热突破过早、比焓降低和加热不完全等。影响其性能的关键因素包括储层性质、天然裂缝和断层、地球化学和地质力学因素、井设计、使用的热力学循环类型,以及与二氧化碳相关的因素,如注入速度、注入压力、温度和杂质。总的来说,这篇综述提供了对已取得的重大进展的见解,并强调了在提取地热能的同时利用二氧化碳- egs减少二氧化碳排放的未来研究。
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引用次数: 0
Green hydrogen production from industrial effluent electrolysis: A brief bibliometric analysis and literature review 工业废水电解绿色制氢:简要文献计量学分析与文献综述
Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100481
Pedro Henrique de Lima Gomes , Vivian Carvalho de Araujo , Carla Freitas de Andrade , Daniel Silveira Serra , Mona Lisa Moura de Oliveira
Renewable energies are gaining ground in the global energy matrix due to their potential to decarbonize the economy. Currently, water electrolysis is one of the main commercial routes used to obtain green hydrogen, and there is a growing interest in alternative water sources to avoid competition between human and animal consumption and fuel production. In this context, a brief bibliometric analysis on "Green hydrogen via effluent electrolysis" was conducted, followed by a literature review aimed at answering the following guiding questions: (i) Are there green hydrogen production systems via effluent electrolysis?; (ii) What renewable energy sources are used by existing systems, and what is their configuration and production scale?; (iii) What electrolysis technologies are used in these systems?; (iv) What are the effluent sources used by existing systems, and what methods are employed for effluent treatment?; (v) What are the applications for hydrogen, oxygen, and residual heat obtained during effluent electrolysis? The results show that: (i) various types of effluent electrolysis systems have been reported; (ii) the main renewable energy source used in these systems is photovoltaic solar energy; (iii) the most commonly used electrolysis technology is the proton exchange membrane type; (iv) the most frequent effluent source is from municipal effluent treatment plants; and (v) the applications of green hydrogen, oxygen, and residual heat can meet the same demands as those of fossil origin hydrogen. Finally, it is evident that research involving effluent electrolysis for green hydrogen production is still in its early stages, indicating a wide field yet to be explored.
可再生能源由于具有使经济脱碳的潜力,正在全球能源矩阵中占据一席之地。目前,水电解是获得绿色氢的主要商业途径之一,人们对替代水源的兴趣日益浓厚,以避免人类和动物消费与燃料生产之间的竞争。在此背景下,对“通过废水电解生产绿色氢”进行了简短的文献计量学分析,然后进行了文献综述,旨在回答以下指导性问题:(i)是否存在通过废水电解生产绿色氢的系统?现有系统使用哪些可再生能源,其结构和生产规模如何?这些系统采用何种电解技术?(iv)现有系统使用的污水来源是什么,污水处理采用什么方法?(v)废水电解过程中获得的氢、氧和余热的用途是什么?结果表明:(1)已报道了各种类型的废水电解系统;(ii)在这些系统中使用的主要可再生能源是光伏太阳能;(三)最常用的电解技术是质子交换膜式;(iv)最常见的污水来源是市政污水处理厂;(5)绿色氢、氧和余热的应用可以满足与化石源氢相同的需求。最后,很明显,涉及废水电解绿色制氢的研究仍处于早期阶段,表明一个广阔的领域有待探索。
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引用次数: 0
Simulation, optimization, and machine learning strategies for CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ perovskite solar cells CH₃NH₃PbBr₃钙钛矿太阳能电池的模拟、优化和机器学习策略
Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100491
Safikur Rahman Fahim , Md. Shamim Sarker , Mahzabin Islam Piya , Jubaer Ahamed Bhuiyan , Hayati Mamur , Mohammad Ruhul Amin Bhuiyan
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) combine outstanding optoelectronic properties with low fabrication cost, with methylammonium lead bromide (CH₃NH₃PbBr₃) offering superior thermal stability, a 2.2 eV band gap, and a high absorption coefficient (10⁵–10⁶ cm⁻¹). This study employs SCAPS-1D simulations under AM1.5 G illumination to analyze an FTO/BaTiO₃/CH₃NH₃PbBr₃/Cu₂O/Ni device, achieving a 17.00% power conversion efficiency (PCE), 1.8515 V open-circuit voltage (VOC), 9.923 mA cm⁻² short-circuit current density (JSC), and 92.51% fill factor (FF), enabled by optimal band alignment and reduced recombination. Quantum efficiency (QE) reached ∼100% in the visible range, confirming strong light-harvesting. Parametric optimization identified optimal operation at 300 K with a shunt resistance of 10⁵ Ω·cm². Machine learning (ML) models; artificial neural networks (ANN) and k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) were applied to assess the influence of material properties on device performance. The results offer guidelines for fabricating cost-effective, high-performance Pb–based PSCs and reinforce CH₃NH₃PbBr₃’s role as a benchmark absorber for device optimization.
钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)结合了出色的光电性能和低制造成本,甲基溴化铅(CH₃NH₃PbBr₃)具有优越的热稳定性,2.2 eV带隙和高吸收系数(10 5 -10⁶cm⁻¹)。本研究采用scps - 1d模拟在AM1.5 G照明下对FTO/BaTiO₃/CH₃NH₃PbBr₃/Cu₂O/Ni器件进行了分析,通过优化带对和减少复合,实现了17.00%的功率转换效率(PCE)、1.8515 V开路电压(VOC)、9.923 mA cm⁻²短路电流密度(JSC)和92.51%的填充因子(FF)。在可见光范围内,量子效率(QE)达到了~ 100%,证实了强光捕获。参数优化确定了300 K下的最佳操作,分流电阻为10 5 Ω·cm²。机器学习(ML)模型;采用人工神经网络(ANN)和k近邻(k-NN)来评估材料性能对器件性能的影响。研究结果为制造具有成本效益的高性能pb基PSCs提供了指导,并加强了CH₃NH₃PbBr₃作为设备优化的基准吸收剂的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Oxidative cracking of phenanthrene as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon model in supercritical water: Reaction pathways at low oxidant concentration 菲作为多环芳烃在超临界水中的氧化裂解模型:低氧化剂浓度下的反应途径
Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100480
Pedro Arcelus-Arrillaga , Ahmad Rafizan Mohamad Daud , Klaus Hellgardt , Marcos Millan
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are present in several industrially relevant streams, including light cycle oil, coal- and bio-derived oils, high-temperature gasification tars, and asphaltenic oils, posing processing challenges due to coke formation and low conversion to valuable products with conventional technologies. This study focuses on oxidative cracking of model compound phenanthrene in supercritical water (SCW) at low oxidant concentration as a route to produce chemicals of industrial interest from PAHs. While some studies have dealt with PAH SCW oxidation, these were carried out in large oxygen excess, aiming to eliminate PAHs through complete oxidation. This work shows that phenanthrene underwent fast oxidation promoted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) from H2O2 decomposition, but its conversion leveled off once ROS were consumed. However, the oxygenated species formed continued reacting in SCW over longer timescales. A reaction pathway is proposed based on the evolution of the main intermediate compounds with time and temperature. Anthraquinone was the main product at early reaction stages, with 0 min selectivity above 65% at all temperatures. It further reacted to form xanthone and fluorenone as main intermediates, reaching selectivity of up to 35% and 32% respectively. At later reaction stages, higher selectivity of up to 31% and 34% towards dibenzofuran or fluorene, respectively, indicates in-situ deoxygenation of intermediate products. This pathway showed differences with those measured under large oxygen excess, as oxidation starts in central positions and further reactions lead to a range of products with progressively less oxygen as well as a hydrogen-rich gas, while coke yields remain low.
多芳烃(PAH)存在于几种工业相关的流体中,包括轻循环油、煤和生物衍生油、高温气化焦油和沥青质油,由于焦炭的形成和传统技术对有价值产品的低转化率,给加工带来了挑战。本研究重点研究了模型化合物菲在低氧化剂浓度的超临界水中的氧化裂解,作为从多环芳烃中生产工业化学品的途径。虽然一些研究涉及多环芳烃SCW氧化,但这些研究都是在大量氧气过剩的情况下进行的,旨在通过完全氧化消除多环芳烃。这项研究表明,由H2O2分解产生的活性氧(ROS)促进了菲的快速氧化,但一旦ROS被消耗,其转化就趋于平稳。然而,在较长的时间尺度上,在SCW中形成的含氧物质继续发生反应。根据主要中间化合物随时间和温度的变化,提出了一种反应途径。蒽醌是反应初期的主要产物,在所有温度下选择性均在65%以上。进一步反应生成山酮和芴酮为主要中间体,选择性分别高达35%和32%。在反应后期,对二苯并呋喃和芴的选择性分别高达31%和34%,表明中间产物进行了原位脱氧。这一途径与在大量氧气过剩情况下的测量结果有所不同,因为氧化从中心位置开始,进一步的反应导致一系列氧气逐渐减少的产物以及富氢气体,而焦炭的产量仍然很低。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrogen storage model for decarbonization of constant industrial processes 恒定工业过程脱碳的储氢模型
Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100484
Simo Pekkinen , Mikko Muoniovaara , Eira Seppälä , Pekka Pirhonen , Mikael Rinne , Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio
The decarbonization of industrial processes will require large quantities of green hydrogen produced with renewable energy. The use of variable renewable energy for hydrogen production will, in turn, necessitate large-scale hydrogen storage to ensure the constant availability of hydrogen. In existing energy models, hydrogen storage is typically included as a ‘black box’ unit that simplifies the behavior of hydrogen during the operation of a storage cycle. In this study, a high-fidelity hydrogen gas storage model is developed. The model considers the behavior of hydrogen as a real gas during storage operations, a defining advancement compared to previous studies, and utilizes hourly data sets of renewable energy production. The model is first demonstrated on a baseline case located in Finland, where 121 MW of wind power capacity supplies an annual hydrogen demand of 6000 tonnes, mandating a hydrogen storage capacity of 575 tonnes. Next, a sensitivity analysis reveals that increasing wind power capacity or adding solar power to the energy mix decreases the storage requirement significantly. On the other hand, increasing the minimum storage pressure or reducing the electrolyzer capacity both increase the required storage capacity. Finally, the baseline case was used to compare storage technologies available in the Finnish context, and lined rock caverns were found to be the most cost-efficient option with a reasonable storage volume. Overall, the study concludes that significant storage capacities and thus investments are required for the industrial utilization of green hydrogen. Therefore, it is essential that the behavior of hydrogen as a real gas is considered when sizing storage systems.
工业过程的脱碳将需要大量用可再生能源生产的绿色氢。使用可变的可再生能源生产氢气,反过来,需要大规模的氢气储存,以确保氢气的持续可用性。在现有的能源模型中,氢储存通常作为一个“黑盒子”单元,简化了氢在储存循环过程中的行为。在本研究中,建立了一个高保真的储氢模型。该模型考虑了氢气在储存过程中作为真实气体的行为,与之前的研究相比,这是一个决定性的进步,并利用了可再生能源生产的每小时数据集。该模型首先在芬兰的一个基线案例中进行了演示,在芬兰,121 兆瓦的风力发电能力提供了每年6000吨的氢气需求,要求氢储存能力为575吨。其次,敏感性分析表明,增加风能发电容量或在能源结构中增加太阳能发电可显著降低储能需求。另一方面,提高最低存储压力或降低电解槽容量都增加了所需的存储容量。最后,基线案例用于比较芬兰现有的存储技术,发现内衬岩洞是具有合理存储容量的最具成本效益的选择。总的来说,该研究得出结论,绿色氢的工业利用需要大量的储存能力和投资。因此,在确定存储系统的尺寸时,必须考虑氢气作为真实气体的行为。
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引用次数: 0
Bioinspired electrodes and microbiome synergy: Driving next-generation green energy in benthic plant microbial fuel cells – A comprehensive review 生物电极和微生物组的协同作用:推动底栖植物微生物燃料电池的下一代绿色能源-综合综述
Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100485
Aparajita Roy , Sonu Kumar , Amit Kumar , Akio Ebihara , Chin Tsan Wang , Vimal Katiyar
Benthic plant microbial fuel cells (BPMFCs) represent an innovative, sustainable technology that effectively integrates plant photosynthesis with microbial electroactivity, facilitating the generation of renewable electricity alongside the remediation of organic waste. This study offers a critical analysis of the latest developments in BPMFC technology, focussing on 4 essential aspects: (1) novel bio-based electrode materials including functionalised conductive polymer composites, nanomaterial hybrids that enhance electron transfer (ET) efficiency; (2) advanced metagenomic and transcriptomic studies elucidating the electroactive microbial consortia and their unique extracellular ET mechanisms in both rhizosphere and BPMFC configurations; (3) the application of genetically modified plants with enhanced root exudation profiles, increasing power output; (4) innovative remote monitoring systems for BPMFCs employing IoT-enabled wireless sensor networks and long range wide area network technology ensuring reliable voltage measurement transmission from distant locations with minimal signal loss. The review rigorously analyses life cycle assessment studies that substantiate the environmental advantages of PMFCs, especially their carbon-negative potential when combined with wastewater treatment. Even with these advancements, there are still considerable obstacles to overcome in scaling BPMFC technology, such as concerns regarding system durability and questions about economic feasibility. A comprehensive roadmap is provided that integrates artificial intelligence-optimized material design, synthetic microbial community engineering, improved monitoring systems, and circular economy concepts to facilitate the transition from laboratory-scale prototypes to real-world applications. This analysis highlights the promise of BPMFCs as distributed renewable energy systems, particularly in agricultural and aquatic environments, while delineating critical research avenues to tackle existing commercialization obstacles.
底栖植物微生物燃料电池(bpmfc)是一种创新的、可持续的技术,它有效地将植物光合作用与微生物电活性结合起来,促进可再生电力的产生,同时修复有机废物。本研究对BPMFC技术的最新发展进行了批判性分析,重点关注四个基本方面:(1)新型生物基电极材料,包括功能化导电聚合物复合材料,提高电子转移(ET)效率的纳米杂化材料;(2)先进的宏基因组学和转录组学研究阐明了根际和BPMFC配置中的电活性微生物群落及其独特的细胞外ET机制;(3)应用具有增强根系渗出剖面的转基因植物,提高功率输出;(4)创新的bpmfc远程监测系统,采用支持物联网的无线传感器网络和远程广域网技术,确保可靠的电压测量传输,并将信号损失降到最低。这篇综述严格分析了生命周期评估研究,这些研究证实了pmfc的环境优势,特别是与废水处理相结合时的碳负潜力。即使有了这些进步,在扩展BPMFC技术方面仍有相当大的障碍需要克服,例如对系统耐久性和经济可行性的担忧。提供了一个全面的路线图,集成了人工智能优化的材料设计,合成微生物群落工程,改进的监测系统和循环经济概念,以促进从实验室规模的原型到现实世界应用的过渡。该分析强调了bpmfc作为分布式可再生能源系统的前景,特别是在农业和水生环境中,同时描绘了解决现有商业化障碍的关键研究途径。
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引用次数: 0
Prediction-assessment-optimization of water influx in underground coal gasification: A systematic method 煤地下气化水侵量预测-评价-优化:一种系统方法
Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100483
Tianduoyi Wang , Juntai Shi , Zhenbin Xu , Beichen Zhao , Keliu Wu
Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a crucial innovation for clean coal development and large-scale hydrogen production. Water influx affects gasification and gas quality, but managing it remains challenging due to the complex interactions of various processes. This paper presents a UCG water influx management framework that integrates water influx prediction, gasification safety assessment, and optimal water injection design. A prediction model combining convolutional neural networks (CNN), bidirectional long short-term memory networks (BiLSTM), the attention mechanism, and support vector machines (SVM) is proposed for water influx prediction. New safety assessment criteria for gasification site selection and an optimization model for water injection volume are established, considering the dynamic water influx effect. The results show that the CNN-BiLSTM-Attention-SVM model achieves the highest prediction accuracy compared with CNN-BiLSTM-Attention, CNN-BiLSTM-SVM, CNN-SVM, and SVM models. Taking the X experimental area in Xinjiang's Santanghu Basin, China, as an example, the dynamic water influx during gasification is below the upper limit, indicating its suitability for gasification. When the gasification water demand is 0.8 m³ per ton of coal, the optimal strategy is no injection in the initial stage and 121.68 m³/d in the steady stage. Hydrodynamics indicates that a gradual and slow pressure-drop scheme could benefit the hydrogen production in the initial stage of gasification. This study provides theoretical support for the selection of UCG sites and the optimization of injection schemes.
煤地下气化(UCG)是清洁煤开发和大规模制氢的关键创新。水流入影响气化和气体质量,但由于各种过程的复杂相互作用,管理水流入仍然具有挑战性。本文提出了一个集水侵流预测、气化安全评估和最佳注水设计于一体的UCG水侵流管理框架。提出了一种结合卷积神经网络(CNN)、双向长短期记忆网络(BiLSTM)、注意机制和支持向量机(SVM)的水侵预测模型。考虑动态水侵效应,建立了新的气化选址安全评价准则和注水量优化模型。结果表明,与CNN-BiLSTM-Attention、CNN-BiLSTM-SVM、CNN-SVM和SVM模型相比,CNN-BiLSTM-Attention-SVM模型的预测精度最高。以新疆三塘湖盆地X试验区为例,气化过程中动态水侵量低于上限,说明该试验区适合气化。当气化用水需求为0.8 m³/ t煤时,初始阶段为不注入,稳定阶段为121.68 m³/d。流体力学研究表明,在气化初始阶段采用缓慢渐进的压降方案有利于制氢。该研究为UCG位点的选择和注射方案的优化提供了理论支持。
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引用次数: 0
A key review of geothermal heat pumps: Exergoeconomic and environmental aspects with prospects for further development 地源热泵的主要综述:工作、经济和环境方面以及进一步发展的前景
Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100482
Asli Tiktas , Arif Hepbasli
A comprehensive analysis of geothermal heat pumps (GHPs) was conducted, emphasizing their technoeconomic, exergoeconomic, and environmental aspects apart from previous literature studies. A thorough, extended literature review was performed to identify the latest trends, challenges, and innovations in GHP technology. This study's novelty is in its multifaceted evaluation of GHP systems, integrating exergoeconomic analysis with a broader environmental impact assessment, an area largely underexplored in previous research. Significant improvements in system performance were observed through incorporating additional heat sources like wind turbines, solar thermal panels, and organic Rankine cycle systems. These integrations resulted in notable enhancements in performance efficiency (COP), heating load production, and overall seasonal efficiency, with COP increases of up to 56.92% and heating load improvements of up to 77.8%. Moreover, the environmental impact of hybrid systems was reduced, with substantial decreases in CO2 emissions and other pollutants. A novel modified bibliometric analysis was also developed, revealing gaps in the literature, particularly in the need for advanced exergy analysis and the optimization of hybrid GHP systems for various geographic regions. Interest in GHP research has significantly increased over the past decade. Despite these advances, challenges remain in addressing installation costs, system complexity, and efficiency variations across different climates. This study introduces unique recommendations for optimizing hybrid configurations, reducing installation costs, improving energy storage, and developing adaptive control systems—all of which represent significant contributions to the field.
对地源热泵(GHPs)进行了全面的分析,除了先前的文献研究外,还强调了其技术经济、工作经济和环境方面的因素。进行了全面的、扩展的文献综述,以确定GHP技术的最新趋势、挑战和创新。这项研究的新颖之处在于其对GHP系统的多方面评估,将运动经济分析与更广泛的环境影响评估结合起来,这是以前研究中未充分探索的领域。通过加入额外的热源,如风力涡轮机、太阳能热板和有机朗肯循环系统,系统性能得到了显著改善。这些集成显著提高了性能效率(COP)、热负荷生产和整体季节效率,COP提高了56.92%,热负荷提高了77.8%。此外,混合动力系统对环境的影响也有所降低,二氧化碳和其他污染物的排放量大幅减少。还开发了一种新的改进文献计量分析,揭示了文献中的空白,特别是在需要先进的火用分析和不同地理区域的混合GHP系统优化方面。在过去的十年中,人们对GHP研究的兴趣显著增加。尽管取得了这些进步,但在解决安装成本、系统复杂性和不同气候条件下的效率变化方面仍然存在挑战。本研究介绍了优化混合配置、降低安装成本、改进能量存储和开发自适应控制系统的独特建议,所有这些都代表了对该领域的重大贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Sodium ion batteries: A sustainable alternative to lithium-ion batteries with an overview of market trends, recycling, and battery chemistry 钠离子电池:锂离子电池的可持续替代品,概述市场趋势、回收利用和电池化学
Pub Date : 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100478
Mohammad Muhtasim Mashfy , Tamzeed Ahmed Alvy , Nazmul Hossain , Md Azazul Haque , Fatima Tasneem Mohsin , Tasnuva Sharmin , Mohammad Nasim
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are being actively investigated as a potentially viable and more sustainable alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), driven by concerns over lithium resource scarcity, high production costs, and environmentally challenging extraction methods. While LIBs dominate applications in consumer electronics and electric vehicles due to their superior energy density and maturity, SIBs offer notable advantages, such as using earth-abundant and low-cost elements like sodium and aluminum. Despite current limitations in energy density and cycle life, ongoing research in electrode materials and cell design has yielded encouraging progress in enhancing the electrochemical performance and safety profile of SIBs. In particular, their improved thermal stability offers potential benefits for stationary energy storage applications where safety is critical. The development of SIBs aligns with global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action), by promoting safer and potentially lower-cost energy storage technologies. Continued advancements in material innovation, system integration, and end-of-life recycling will be key to the commercial competitiveness of SIBs. This review emphasizes the potential of SIBs as a viable alternative to LIBs by integrating electrochemical, economic, and environmental perspectives amid growing concerns over lithium supply and cost. For sustainable energy solutions and provides valuable insights into the current state of SIB research, offering a roadmap for future developments in this field.
由于对锂资源稀缺、生产成本高、提取方法对环境不利等问题的担忧,钠离子电池(sib)作为锂离子电池(lib)的潜在可行且更具可持续性的替代品正在积极研究。由于其优越的能量密度和成熟度,锂离子电池在消费电子和电动汽车领域占据主导地位,而sib具有显著的优势,例如使用地球上丰富且低成本的元素,如钠和铝。尽管目前在能量密度和循环寿命方面存在限制,但正在进行的电极材料和电池设计研究在提高sib的电化学性能和安全性方面取得了令人鼓舞的进展。特别是,它们改进的热稳定性为安全至关重要的固定储能应用提供了潜在的好处。sib的发展符合全球可持续发展目标(SDG),特别是可持续发展目标7(负担得起的清洁能源)和可持续发展目标13(气候行动),通过促进更安全和潜在成本更低的储能技术。材料创新、系统集成和报废回收的持续进步将是sib商业竞争力的关键。这篇综述强调了sib作为锂离子电池的可行替代品的潜力,从电化学、经济和环境的角度来综合考虑锂的供应和成本。为可持续能源解决方案提供了有价值的见解,对SIB研究的现状,为该领域的未来发展提供了路线图。
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引用次数: 0
Strawberry agrivoltaics in Canada: Comparing uniform thin film and non-uniform crystalline silicon semi-transparent solar photovoltaic modules in controlled environment agriculture 加拿大草莓农业光伏:在可控环境农业中均匀薄膜和非均匀晶体硅半透明太阳能光伏组件的比较
Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100474
Uzair Jamil , Joshua M. Pearce
While colocation of solar photovoltaic (PV) and strawberry cultivation has shown promise, the impact of different types of illumination on plant growth remains uncertain. To provide information to strawberry agrivoltaic system designers, this study performs a comparative analysis of strawberry cultivation under 1) uniform illumination provided by thin-film cadmium telluride (Cd-Te) with 30%, 40% and 70% transparent PV modules and 2) non-uniform semitransparent crystalline silicon (c-Si) with 25% (red - using a red dye for spectral changes), 44% (clear) and 69% (clear) transparent bifacial PV modules, which include rows of solar cells and transparent glass elements. All systems were assessed in a controlled biome that simulated the outdoor conditions of London, ON, using regulated temperatures. The strawberry fresh weight, plant height, leaf count, and flower count were quantified under each agrivoltaic system, and economics were analyzed. The results show that higher strawberry yields were consistently observed under non-uniform shading of c-Si semi-transparent PV compared to uniform thin-film PV. Specifically, while 70% uniformly transparent Cd-Te PV module resulted in 140.6% of the average control fresh weight, non-uniformly 69% transparent c-Si PV achieved a maximum fresh weight of 201.4%, more than the average control. Coupled to the economic value of the PV generation, the Canadian strawberry agrivoltaics sector could generate more than twice the revenue from traditional strawberry farming alone. These results underscore the dual benefits of agrivoltaics to both enhance agricultural productivity while achieving substantial clean energy production.
虽然太阳能光伏(PV)与草莓种植的搭配已经显示出前景,但不同类型的照明对植物生长的影响仍不确定。为了给草莓农业光伏系统设计者提供信息,本研究对草莓栽培进行了对比分析:1)薄膜碲化镉(Cd-Te)提供30%、40%和70%透明光伏组件的均匀照明,2)非均匀半透明晶体硅(c-Si)提供25%(红色-使用红色染料进行光谱变化)、44%(透明)和69%(透明)透明双面光伏组件。其中包括一排排太阳能电池和透明玻璃元件。所有系统都在一个受控的生物群落中进行评估,该生物群落模拟了伦敦的室外条件,使用调节的温度。对各光伏系统下草莓鲜重、株高、叶数和花数进行量化,并进行经济分析。结果表明,与均匀薄膜PV相比,非均匀遮光c-Si半透明PV下草莓产量始终较高。具体而言,70%均匀透明的Cd-Te光伏组件的鲜重为对照平均鲜重的140.6%,而非均匀透明的69% c-Si光伏组件的最大鲜重为201.4%,高于对照平均鲜重。再加上光伏发电的经济价值,加拿大草莓农业发电部门的收入可能是传统草莓种植的两倍多。这些结果强调了农业发电的双重好处,既提高了农业生产力,又实现了大量的清洁能源生产。
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