Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100497
Oyinbonogha Fred Agonga , Norazila Othman , Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin
This study introduces a hybrid Computational Fluid Dynamics–Neural Network (CFD–NN) framework for real-time prediction of longitudinal thermo-acoustic instabilities in hydrogen-fueled gas turbine combustors—critical for future clean energy systems. A high-fidelity two-dimensional CFD model simulated hydrogen combustion and provided time-resolved pressure and heat release data. The Local Rayleigh Index (LRI) identified probe X2 as a strong instability zone (LRI ≈ 10⁷ Pa·W), while X1, X4, and X6 showed stable behavior. A feedforward neural network trained on early-stage data from probe X3 achieved high prediction accuracy (R² = 0.9998, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE = 924)) and delivered predictions ∼676× faster than CFD (∼334 predictions/s). By combining physics-based modeling with machine learning, this hybrid method enables real-time, physics-informed diagnostics, supporting smart combustor design and closed-loop control in next-gen hydrogen turbines.
{"title":"A hybrid CFD-neural network framework for the early prediction of longitudinal thermo-acoustic instabilities in hydrogen-fueled gas turbine combustors","authors":"Oyinbonogha Fred Agonga , Norazila Othman , Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a hybrid Computational Fluid Dynamics–Neural Network (CFD–NN) framework for real-time prediction of longitudinal thermo-acoustic instabilities in hydrogen-fueled gas turbine combustors—critical for future clean energy systems. A high-fidelity two-dimensional CFD model simulated hydrogen combustion and provided time-resolved pressure and heat release data. The Local Rayleigh Index (LRI) identified probe X<sub>2</sub> as a strong instability zone (LRI ≈ 10⁷ Pa·W), while X<sub>1</sub>, X<sub>4</sub>, and X<sub>6</sub> showed stable behavior. A feedforward neural network trained on early-stage data from probe X3 achieved high prediction accuracy (R² = 0.9998, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE = 924)) and delivered predictions ∼676× faster than CFD (∼334 predictions/s). By combining physics-based modeling with machine learning, this hybrid method enables real-time, physics-informed diagnostics, supporting smart combustor design and closed-loop control in next-gen hydrogen turbines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100497"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100499
Yanqiu Zhang
The escalating energy crisis and climate change necessitate a rapid transition to renewable energy, with solar photovoltaic (PV) technology emerging as a pivotal solution. This paper highlights the dual role of solar PV in reducing carbon emissions and enhancing energy security. It outlines the rapid, policy-driven expansion of solar PV in China, where installed capacity increased significantly from 43 GW in 2015 to 887 GW in 2024. A comparative analysis of PV deployment patterns and trends in the United States, India, and Brazil is also provided. The study further points out several challenges pertaining to geopolitical risks within critical mineral supply chains, the sustainable recycling of end-of-life PV modules, land-use conflicts, grid management, and durability that may impede the sustainability of solar PV. Furthermore, corresponding policy incentives, technological innovation, diversifying solar PV supply chains, multilateral cooperation, and circular principles are discussed to overcome these challenges; strategic integration of desert deployment, floating PV systems, and agrivoltaics exemplifies a spatially diversified approach to resolving land-energy conflicts. The paper further proposes a comprehensive sustainability framework for solar PV, emphasizing that factors such as maintaining policy stability and adaptive regulatory frameworks, assessments of lifecycle environmental impacts, and ensuring justice and equity in the energy transition are pivotal to achieving long-term sustainability. By aligning technological advancements with adaptive policies, solar PV can transition from exponential growth to sustainability, offering a viable pathway toward global carbon neutrality and resilient energy systems.
{"title":"Solar PV in the 21st century: Aligning technological growth with sustainability","authors":"Yanqiu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating energy crisis and climate change necessitate a rapid transition to renewable energy, with solar photovoltaic (PV) technology emerging as a pivotal solution. This paper highlights the dual role of solar PV in reducing carbon emissions and enhancing energy security. It outlines the rapid, policy-driven expansion of solar PV in China, where installed capacity increased significantly from 43 GW in 2015 to 887 GW in 2024. A comparative analysis of PV deployment patterns and trends in the United States, India, and Brazil is also provided. The study further points out several challenges pertaining to geopolitical risks within critical mineral supply chains, the sustainable recycling of end-of-life PV modules, land-use conflicts, grid management, and durability that may impede the sustainability of solar PV. Furthermore, corresponding policy incentives, technological innovation, diversifying solar PV supply chains, multilateral cooperation, and circular principles are discussed to overcome these challenges; strategic integration of desert deployment, floating PV systems, and agrivoltaics exemplifies a spatially diversified approach to resolving land-energy conflicts. The paper further proposes a comprehensive sustainability framework for solar PV, emphasizing that factors such as maintaining policy stability and adaptive regulatory frameworks, assessments of lifecycle environmental impacts, and ensuring justice and equity in the energy transition are pivotal to achieving long-term sustainability. By aligning technological advancements with adaptive policies, solar PV can transition from exponential growth to sustainability, offering a viable pathway toward global carbon neutrality and resilient energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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