Next Energy最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with novel emulsions of cattle dung bio-oil in diesel stabilized by biodiesel","authors":"Lovepreet Kaur ,&nbsp;Jayant Singh ,&nbsp;Alaknanda Ashok ,&nbsp;Harveer Singh Pali ,&nbsp;Sachin Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alternative renewable fuels are the need of the hour due to limited petroleum fuel sources and environmental degradation caused by emissions. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing cattle dung bio-oil (CDBO) microemulsions as an alternative fuel in compression ignition engines by investigating their production, stability, performance, combustion, and emission characteristics. CDBO was produced through fast pyrolysis under optimized conditions and blended with high-speed diesel (HSD) using castor oil methyl ester as an additive to prepare stable microemulsions containing 5–20% bio-oil by volume. The experimental objectives included characterization of the bio-oil, development of microemulsions, and assessment of their influence on engine performance, combustion parameters, and emission profiles. The engine testing was conducted on a single-cylinder, 4-stroke, water-cooled, direct-injection diesel engine (Kirloskar AVI, 5 hp/3.73 kW) coupled with an eddy current dynamometer. The setup was equipped with sensors and transducers to measure all required parameters. The findings indicated that the microemulsions having 20% bio-oil exhibited higher brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) (16.4%) and lower brake thermal efficiency (13.2%) than that of diesel, while the brake power remained almost the same at full loads. The microemulsion fuels produced significantly lower carbon monoxide (27%) and hydrocarbon emissions (41.5%), and the temperature of exhaust gas was higher (10.4%). At high loads, the microemulsions generated 23.5% lower smoke emissions than HSD. The ignition delay was the same as for diesel operation at higher loads, while the cylinder peak pressure was 6.4% higher than that of diesel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing passive cooling of photovoltaic modules using bio-based eutectic phase change materials and barium sulphate radiative cooling paint","authors":"Zhen Wei Ko ,&nbsp;Annas Wiguno ,&nbsp;Jerry Joynson ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Ashfold ,&nbsp;Ianatul Khoiroh","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global shift toward renewable energy has intensified the need to improve photovoltaic (PV) efficiency, particularly in tropical climates where elevated temperatures degrade performance. This study evaluates 2 passive cooling methods, bio-based phase change materials (PCMs) and barium sulphate (BaSO₄) radiative cooling paint to mitigate PV overheating. Two eutectic PCM mixtures, lauric acid/oleic acid (LA/OA) and lauric acid/capric acid (LA/CA), were characterized via differential scanning calorimetry, revealing latent heats of 120.1 J/g and 172.1 J/g, respectively. Under simulated solar irradiance of 800 W/m², PCM-integrated panels demonstrated significant thermal regulation, with the LA/CA system reducing peak temperatures by 18.3 °C vs. the reference panel and improving power output by 26.0%. In contrast, radiative cooling paint applied to panel frames or side-mounted heat sinks lowered temperatures by up to 6.1 °C but unexpectedly reduced power generation due to power dissipation, highlighting a trade-off between thermal and electrical performance. The LA/CA PCM emerged as the superior solution for tropical climates, offering sustained cooling and enhanced efficiency, while paint formulations require further optimization to avoid compromising light absorption. This study provides critical insights into passive cooling strategies, emphasizing the importance of holistic performance evaluation for real-world PV applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review on bio-based insulation in Morocco: Research progress and policy challenges","authors":"Omar Iken ,&nbsp;Oussama Rahmoun ,&nbsp;Oumaima Imghoure ,&nbsp;Mohamed Touil ,&nbsp;Salma Ouhaibi ,&nbsp;Miloud Rahmoune ,&nbsp;Naoual Belouaggadia ,&nbsp;Rachid Saadani","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper evaluates the initiatives undertaken by research and policy institutions in Morocco regarding energy efficiency in buildings. It explores the potential of thermal insulation materials derived from bio-based composites and textile waste, as circularly, sustainable, economical and high-performance solutions. To meet this objective, a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology has been used with over 133 studies and 10 projects to analyse quantitatively and qualitatively the efforts made to integrate recycled and bio-based materials for more energy efficient buildings. The quantitative side has shown that over 30 different types of eco-friendly materials were experimentally and numerically characterised in Morocco during the last 25 years. The qualitative side was conducted through a U-value and thickness based evaluation and a classification by thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity to specify the most suitable materials. A critical analysis of the research methodology and the national policy strategy towards building energy efficiency has been carried out. The findings have highlighted the main challenges facing the integration of these insulation materials in the construction sector, particularly in terms of regulations, awareness and market access. Finally, recommendations were proposed to encourage the adoption of these innovative materials and strengthen public policies in favour of the energy transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic simulation of a PEM fuel cell: Insights into efficiency, thermal, and fluid management","authors":"Theodore Azemtsop Manfo","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are emerging as critical technology for clean and efficient energy conversion, providing a path to worldwide decarbonization and renewable power generation. Their successful integration into renewable and hybrid systems necessitates a thorough understanding of the interconnected electrochemical, thermal, and fluid processes that regulate performance. However, many existing models oversimplify these dynamic interactions, resulting in an inadequate understanding of system-level behavior and control optimization. This study fills that gap by creating a dynamic MATLAB/Simulink-based model of a PEM fuel cell to investigate how integrated thermal and fluid management affect efficiency, gas usage, and operational stability under changing loads. The model includes several critical subsystems, including the membrane electrode assembly, gas flow routes, heat regulation, and purge control. Simulation findings show a peak electrical output of 95 kW with a power density of 1.116 W cm⁻². This highlights the need for active cooling and purging strategies in reducing hydrogen loss and preserving stack performance. The findings aid sustainable PEM fuel cell design and real-time control development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling geothermal energy with geological carbon storage: A holistic review of enhanced geothermal systems using CO₂ as a working fluid","authors":"Jemal Worku Fentaw,&nbsp;Elvin Hajiyev,&nbsp;Abdul Rehman Baig,&nbsp;Hossein Emadi","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CO₂-based enhanced geothermal system (CO₂-EGS), also known as CO₂ plume geothermal, has emerged as a promising avenue to address the growing global energy demand and mitigate global climate concerns by exploiting renewable energy from geothermal reservoirs while concurrently sequestering CO₂. In this method, CO₂, in a supercritical state or dissolved in brine, is used as a working fluid to harness the geothermal energy held in hot reservoir rocks, with part of the CO₂ being trapped in the reservoir. Despite their rapidly growing popularity, the integration assessment of CO₂-EGS studies, fragmented into various subjects such as thermodynamics, heat transfer, multiphase flow, reservoir hydraulics, geomechanics, and geochemistry, remains insufficiently explored. Thus, a critical review that consolidates conducted studies, identifies gaps, and directs future research in this coupled technology is crucial. This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of CO₂-EGS, emphasizing its significance, the major challenges affecting its performance and mitigation strategies, the thermophysical properties of CO₂ as a working fluid, and CO₂ storage while extracting geothermal energy. The study revealed the key benefits of CO₂-EGS, including reducing corrosion and scaling effects in the wellbore, maintaining reservoir pressure, storing CO₂, increasing sweep efficiency of the reservoir, lowering pumping power, and addressing water scarcity for geothermal systems. Despite its significance, CO₂-EGS encounters major challenges, such as cost, drilling and operating wells in harsh geological conditions, CO₂ leakage, lost circulation, premature thermal breakthrough, lower specific enthalpy, and incomplete heating. Key factors influencing its performance include properties of the reservoir, natural fractures and faults, geochemical and geomechanical factors, well design, type of thermodynamic cycle used, and CO₂-related factors such as injection rate, injection pressure, temperature, and impurities. Overall, this review provides insights into significant advancements achieved and highlights future research to leverage CO₂-EGS for reducing CO₂ emissions while extracting geothermal energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green hydrogen production from industrial effluent electrolysis: A brief bibliometric analysis and literature review","authors":"Pedro Henrique de Lima Gomes ,&nbsp;Vivian Carvalho de Araujo ,&nbsp;Carla Freitas de Andrade ,&nbsp;Daniel Silveira Serra ,&nbsp;Mona Lisa Moura de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable energies are gaining ground in the global energy matrix due to their potential to decarbonize the economy. Currently, water electrolysis is one of the main commercial routes used to obtain green hydrogen, and there is a growing interest in alternative water sources to avoid competition between human and animal consumption and fuel production. In this context, a brief bibliometric analysis on \"Green hydrogen via effluent electrolysis\" was conducted, followed by a literature review aimed at answering the following guiding questions: (i) Are there green hydrogen production systems via effluent electrolysis?; (ii) What renewable energy sources are used by existing systems, and what is their configuration and production scale?; (iii) What electrolysis technologies are used in these systems?; (iv) What are the effluent sources used by existing systems, and what methods are employed for effluent treatment?; (v) What are the applications for hydrogen, oxygen, and residual heat obtained during effluent electrolysis? The results show that: (i) various types of effluent electrolysis systems have been reported; (ii) the main renewable energy source used in these systems is photovoltaic solar energy; (iii) the most commonly used electrolysis technology is the proton exchange membrane type; (iv) the most frequent effluent source is from municipal effluent treatment plants; and (v) the applications of green hydrogen, oxygen, and residual heat can meet the same demands as those of fossil origin hydrogen. Finally, it is evident that research involving effluent electrolysis for green hydrogen production is still in its early stages, indicating a wide field yet to be explored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation, optimization, and machine learning strategies for CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ perovskite solar cells","authors":"Safikur Rahman Fahim ,&nbsp;Md. Shamim Sarker ,&nbsp;Mahzabin Islam Piya ,&nbsp;Jubaer Ahamed Bhuiyan ,&nbsp;Hayati Mamur ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ruhul Amin Bhuiyan","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) combine outstanding optoelectronic properties with low fabrication cost, with methylammonium lead bromide (CH₃NH₃PbBr₃) offering superior thermal stability, a 2.2 eV band gap, and a high absorption coefficient (10⁵–10⁶ cm⁻¹). This study employs SCAPS-1D simulations under AM1.5 G illumination to analyze an FTO/BaTiO₃/CH₃NH₃PbBr₃/Cu₂O/Ni device, achieving a 17.00% power conversion efficiency (PCE), 1.8515 V open-circuit voltage (V_OC), 9.923 mA cm⁻² short-circuit current density (J_SC), and 92.51% fill factor (FF), enabled by optimal band alignment and reduced recombination. Quantum efficiency (QE) reached ∼100% in the visible range, confirming strong light-harvesting. Parametric optimization identified optimal operation at 300 K with a shunt resistance of 10⁵ Ω·cm². Machine learning (ML) models; artificial neural networks (ANN) and k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) were applied to assess the influence of material properties on device performance. The results offer guidelines for fabricating cost-effective, high-performance Pb–based PSCs and reinforce CH₃NH₃PbBr₃’s role as a benchmark absorber for device optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative cracking of phenanthrene as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon model in supercritical water: Reaction pathways at low oxidant concentration","authors":"Pedro Arcelus-Arrillaga ,&nbsp;Ahmad Rafizan Mohamad Daud ,&nbsp;Klaus Hellgardt ,&nbsp;Marcos Millan","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are present in several industrially relevant streams, including light cycle oil, coal- and bio-derived oils, high-temperature gasification tars, and asphaltenic oils, posing processing challenges due to coke formation and low conversion to valuable products with conventional technologies. This study focuses on oxidative cracking of model compound phenanthrene in supercritical water (SCW) at low oxidant concentration as a route to produce chemicals of industrial interest from PAHs. While some studies have dealt with PAH SCW oxidation, these were carried out in large oxygen excess, aiming to eliminate PAHs through complete oxidation. This work shows that phenanthrene underwent fast oxidation promoted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) from H₂O₂ decomposition, but its conversion leveled off once ROS were consumed. However, the oxygenated species formed continued reacting in SCW over longer timescales. A reaction pathway is proposed based on the evolution of the main intermediate compounds with time and temperature. Anthraquinone was the main product at early reaction stages, with 0 min selectivity above 65% at all temperatures. It further reacted to form xanthone and fluorenone as main intermediates, reaching selectivity of up to 35% and 32% respectively. At later reaction stages, higher selectivity of up to 31% and 34% towards dibenzofuran or fluorene, respectively, indicates in-situ deoxygenation of intermediate products. This pathway showed differences with those measured under large oxygen excess, as oxidation starts in central positions and further reactions lead to a range of products with progressively less oxygen as well as a hydrogen-rich gas, while coke yields remain low.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen storage model for decarbonization of constant industrial processes","authors":"Simo Pekkinen ,&nbsp;Mikko Muoniovaara ,&nbsp;Eira Seppälä ,&nbsp;Pekka Pirhonen ,&nbsp;Mikael Rinne ,&nbsp;Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The decarbonization of industrial processes will require large quantities of green hydrogen produced with renewable energy. The use of variable renewable energy for hydrogen production will, in turn, necessitate large-scale hydrogen storage to ensure the constant availability of hydrogen. In existing energy models, hydrogen storage is typically included as a ‘black box’ unit that simplifies the behavior of hydrogen during the operation of a storage cycle. In this study, a high-fidelity hydrogen gas storage model is developed. The model considers the behavior of hydrogen as a real gas during storage operations, a defining advancement compared to previous studies, and utilizes hourly data sets of renewable energy production. The model is first demonstrated on a baseline case located in Finland, where 121 MW of wind power capacity supplies an annual hydrogen demand of 6000 tonnes, mandating a hydrogen storage capacity of 575 tonnes. Next, a sensitivity analysis reveals that increasing wind power capacity or adding solar power to the energy mix decreases the storage requirement significantly. On the other hand, increasing the minimum storage pressure or reducing the electrolyzer capacity both increase the required storage capacity. Finally, the baseline case was used to compare storage technologies available in the Finnish context, and lined rock caverns were found to be the most cost-efficient option with a reasonable storage volume. Overall, the study concludes that significant storage capacities and thus investments are required for the industrial utilization of green hydrogen. Therefore, it is essential that the behavior of hydrogen as a real gas is considered when sizing storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinspired electrodes and microbiome synergy: Driving next-generation green energy in benthic plant microbial fuel cells – A comprehensive review","authors":"Aparajita Roy ,&nbsp;Sonu Kumar ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar ,&nbsp;Akio Ebihara ,&nbsp;Chin Tsan Wang ,&nbsp;Vimal Katiyar","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benthic plant microbial fuel cells (BPMFCs) represent an innovative, sustainable technology that effectively integrates plant photosynthesis with microbial electroactivity, facilitating the generation of renewable electricity alongside the remediation of organic waste. This study offers a critical analysis of the latest developments in BPMFC technology, focussing on 4 essential aspects: (1) novel bio-based electrode materials including functionalised conductive polymer composites, nanomaterial hybrids that enhance electron transfer (ET) efficiency; (2) advanced metagenomic and transcriptomic studies elucidating the electroactive microbial consortia and their unique extracellular ET mechanisms in both rhizosphere and BPMFC configurations; (3) the application of genetically modified plants with enhanced root exudation profiles, increasing power output; (4) innovative remote monitoring systems for BPMFCs employing IoT-enabled wireless sensor networks and long range wide area network technology ensuring reliable voltage measurement transmission from distant locations with minimal signal loss. The review rigorously analyses life cycle assessment studies that substantiate the environmental advantages of PMFCs, especially their carbon-negative potential when combined with wastewater treatment. Even with these advancements, there are still considerable obstacles to overcome in scaling BPMFC technology, such as concerns regarding system durability and questions about economic feasibility. A comprehensive roadmap is provided that integrates artificial intelligence-optimized material design, synthetic microbial community engineering, improved monitoring systems, and circular economy concepts to facilitate the transition from laboratory-scale prototypes to real-world applications. This analysis highlights the promise of BPMFCs as distributed renewable energy systems, particularly in agricultural and aquatic environments, while delineating critical research avenues to tackle existing commercialization obstacles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}