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Environmentally significant non-agricultural biomass for sustainable bioenergy: Sources, conversion, and environmental benefits 用于可持续生物能源的具有环境意义的非农业生物质：来源、转化和环境效益

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100501

Gerald Enos Shija

The escalating challenges of non-agricultural accumulation and global energy demands underscore the need for innovative waste-to-energy solutions that mitigate environmental impacts and address food-fuel conflicts. This review advances the field by exploring non-agricultural biomass- municipal solid waste, forestry residues, industrial organic waste, algal biomass, textile waste, and invasive plant species as sustainable feedstocks for bioenergy production, supporting waste management, energy security, and circular bioeconomies. Their physicochemical properties, conversion technologies (pyrolysis, gasification, anaerobic digestion, and hydrothermal liquefaction), and challenges, like feedstock heterogeneity and high moisture content, are evaluated. Advanced pretreatments enhance conversion efficiencies, while technologies yield significant environmental benefits, including methane emission reductions and carbon sequestration. Socio-economic advantages include job creation, reduced fossil fuel dependency, and alignment with sustainable development goals for clean energy and sustainable cities. To address scalability gaps, this review introduces three novel contributions: (1) an AI-integrated urban biorefinery framework leveraging plasma gasification and AI-driven sorting to optimize heterogeneous feedstocks; (2) valorization strategies for understudied feedstocks like invasive species, enhancing bioenergy outputs through hybrid systems; and (3) scalable pathways tailored to urban and rural waste systems. Policy incentives, such as carbon taxes, are critical for economic viability, enabling these strategies to support global net-zero emissions goals by 2050 through sustainable waste-to-energy systems.

随着非农业积累和全球能源需求的挑战不断升级，需要创新的废物转化为能源的解决方案，以减轻对环境的影响并解决粮食-燃料冲突。本文综述了非农业生物质——城市固体废弃物、林业废弃物、工业有机废弃物、藻类生物质、纺织废弃物和入侵植物物种——作为生物能源生产的可持续原料，为废物管理、能源安全和循环生物经济提供支持。评估了它们的物理化学性质、转化技术（热解、气化、厌氧消化和水热液化）以及挑战，如原料异质性和高水分含量。先进的预处理提高了转化效率，而技术产生了显著的环境效益，包括减少甲烷排放和碳固存。社会经济优势包括创造就业机会，减少对化石燃料的依赖，并与清洁能源和可持续城市的可持续发展目标保持一致。为了解决可扩展性的差距，本文介绍了三个新的贡献：(1)利用等离子气化和人工智能驱动的分选来优化异质原料的人工智能集成的城市生物炼制框架；(2)对入侵物种等未充分研究的原料的增值策略，通过杂交系统提高生物能源产量；(3)针对城市和农村垃圾处理系统量身定制的可扩展路径。碳税等政策激励措施对经济可行性至关重要，使这些战略能够通过可持续的废物转化为能源系统，支持到2050年实现全球净零排放目标。

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引用次数: 0

Alkali-promoted calcium-based heat carriers for solar-driven thermochemical energy storage 用于太阳能热化学储能的碱促进钙基热载体

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100508

Yuan Wei , Jianchen Yi , Ruicheng Fu, Yingchao Hu

Calcium looping (CaL) process can convert solar energy into chemical energy in a concentrating solar power system, which will be further converted to heat energy to generate electricity. The calcium-based heat carrier in the CaL is considered to be a highly prospective future medium for thermochemical energy storage (TCES) because of its excellent energy storage performance, low input cost, and high cycle operating temperature. However, sintering occurs when the heat carriers are cycled at elevated temperatures, leading to a substantial reduction in their energy storage capacity and hindering their practical applications. In this work, the sintering problem was highly mitigated, and the TCES capacity of calcium-based heat carriers was obviously promoted by doping with alkali meal salts, which are usually considered adverse for the carbonation and calcination reaction of the heat carriers. Based on the modification experiments, it can be reasonably inferred that during the high-temperature operation process, part of the alkali metal salts sublimates and escapes to provide abundant porosity for calcium-based heat carriers. Simultaneously, the other part covers the surface of the calcium particles in a molten state to maintain the stability of the pore skeleton, which greatly enhances the energy storage performance of the heat carriers. As a result, "0.5 K₂CO₃/CaO" showed the best energy storage performance improvement. During high-temperature cycling, the performance of the heat carrier initially increased gradually, followed by an extremely slow decline. Even after 20 cycles, the energy storage capacity still remained at a high level of 1977.23 kJ/kg. This final energy storage capacity was 2.85 times higher than that of unmodified CaO. The microstructural characterizations showed that the "0.5 K₂CO₃/CaO" obtained richer small particles and pore structure after cycles, benefiting from the doping of K₂CO₃ and providing good pore channels for carbonation to inhibit sintering. Therefore, CaO-based heat carriers promoted by alkali metal salts hold significant potential for advancing the application of the TCES system in concentrated solar power plants.

在聚光太阳能发电系统中，钙环（CaL）过程将太阳能转化为化学能，化学能再转化为热能发电。钙基热载体由于其优异的储能性能、低投入成本和高循环工作温度，被认为是一种极具发展前景的热化学储能（TCES）介质。然而，当热载体在高温下循环时，会发生烧结，导致其能量储存能力大幅降低，阻碍了其实际应用。在本研究中，钙基热载体的烧结问题得到了很大的缓解，碱粕盐的掺入明显提高了钙基热载体的TCES容量，而碱粕盐通常被认为不利于热载体的碳化和煅烧反应。通过改性实验可以合理推断，在高温操作过程中，部分碱金属盐升华逸出，为钙基热载体提供了丰富的孔隙。同时，另一部分覆盖在处于熔融状态的钙颗粒表面，保持孔隙骨架的稳定性，大大增强了热载体的储能性能。结果表明，“0.5 K2CO3/CaO”的储能性能改善效果最好。在高温循环过程中，热载体的性能在开始时逐渐提高，随后下降极为缓慢。即使经过20次循环，储能容量仍保持在1977.23 kJ/kg的高水平。最终储能容量是未改性CaO的2.85倍。微观结构表征表明，循环后“0.5 K2CO3/CaO”获得了更丰富的小颗粒和孔隙结构，这得益于K2CO3的掺杂，为碳化提供了良好的孔隙通道，从而抑制烧结。因此，碱金属盐促进的cao基热载体对推进TCES系统在聚光太阳能电站中的应用具有重要的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Interface engineering via Mott-Schottky analysis in photovoltaics: A review 基于Mott-Schottky分析的界面工程：综述

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100504

K.J. Rajimon, Rajiv Gandhi Gopalsamy

Perovskite, oxide, organic, and dye-sensitised solar cells are studied from 2015 to 2025, and their current standing and future Mott-Schottky (MS) analysis in photovoltaic (PV) research are highlighted in this review. The incorporation of MS characterisation methodology with solar cell capacitance simulator one dimension (SCAPS-1D) simulations, ab-initio calculations, impedance spectroscopy, and nascent data-driven models is addressed. The MS approach will always be at the forefront in the extraction of the flat band potential, doping concentration, depletion region width, and built-in potential. This is the link between the energetics of the semiconductors and the charge transport of the solar cells and other PV. With MS-validated doping profile optimisation, interface engineering achieves (37.66%) power conversion efficiencies, 1.52 V (open-circuit voltages) and fill factors above (87%). Unfortunately, there are limitations of the frequency-dependent capacitance, parasitic elements, trap states, and non-ideal depletion layer of some architectures, like organic and hybrid ones. The MS and simulations to be used together, and machine learning adoption and analytical models to improve the electronic characterisation, have the potential to resolve the problems. This study offers a critical evaluation of current methods and inherent constraints in MS analysis, offering a strategic framework for the systematic design of efficient, durable, and sustainable solar technologies.

本文综述了钙钛矿、氧化物、有机和染料敏化太阳能电池在2015年至2025年的研究，并重点介绍了它们在光伏（PV）研究中的现状和未来的莫特-肖特基（Mott-Schottky）分析。将质谱表征方法与太阳能电池电容模拟器一维（SCAPS-1D）模拟、从头计算、阻抗谱和新生数据驱动模型相结合。质谱法在提取平带电位、掺杂浓度、耗尽区宽度和内置电位方面始终处于领先地位。这是半导体的能量学与太阳能电池和其他PV的电荷输运之间的联系。通过ms验证的掺杂谱优化，界面工程实现了（37.66%）的功率转换效率，1.52 V（开路电压）和（87%）以上的填充因子。不幸的是，在某些结构（如有机和混合结构）中，存在频率相关电容、寄生元件、陷阱状态和非理想耗尽层的局限性。将质谱和模拟结合使用，采用机器学习和分析模型来改进电子表征，有可能解决这些问题。本研究对质谱分析中的现有方法和固有限制进行了批判性评估，为高效、耐用和可持续太阳能技术的系统设计提供了战略框架。

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引用次数: 0

Policy impacts on bioenergy development: Cross-country evidence based on analysis 政策对生物能源发展的影响：基于分析的跨国证据

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100494

D. Rajanikant, M. Premalatha, Prabhat Bhuddha Dev S, N. Anantharaman

The bioenergy sector is rapidly evolving, driven by sustainable policies. The study presents a comparative evaluation of bioenergy development across 6 countries: Brazil, Sweden, the United States, Japan, Canada, and Colombia, spanning the period from 2013 to 2022. It highlights key milestones and policy frameworks that have shaped national trajectories. Brazil has established itself as a global leader in biofuel production by capitalizing on its favorable climate, vast agricultural resources, and advanced ethanol and biodiesel technologies. Sweden focuses on long-term energy security through waste-to-energy projects, second-generation biofuels, and carbon-neutral initiatives. The U.S. expands bioenergy through R&D and diverse biofuel feedstocks. Japan has significantly advanced its bioenergy capabilities by implementing cutting-edge waste-to-energy solutions, developing algae-based biofuels, and promoting public-private partnerships to address feedstock limitations. Canada has made notable progress in utilizing biomass and agricultural residues despite geographical challenges, with British Columbia showing great potential for further expansion. Meanwhile, Colombia, still in the early stages of bioenergy growth, is gradually strengthening its industry by focusing on biogas and bioethanol production from sugarcane. Collectively, these countries demonstrate how strategic policy frameworks and effective implementation of sustainable practices have shaped the development of bioenergy. The observed trends highlight the sector’s potential to contribute to climate change mitigation, energy security, and sustainable economic growth.

在可持续政策的推动下，生物能源行业正在迅速发展。该研究对6个国家（巴西、瑞典、美国、日本、加拿大和哥伦比亚）2013年至2022年的生物能源发展进行了比较评估。报告强调了影响国家发展轨迹的重要里程碑和政策框架。巴西凭借其有利的气候、丰富的农业资源以及先进的乙醇和生物柴油技术，已成为生物燃料生产的全球领导者。瑞典通过废物转化能源项目、第二代生物燃料和碳中和倡议关注长期能源安全。美国通过研发和多种生物燃料原料扩大生物能源。通过实施先进的废物转化为能源的解决方案，开发藻类生物燃料，以及促进公私伙伴关系以解决原料限制，日本显著提高了其生物能源能力。尽管面临地理挑战，加拿大在利用生物质和农业残留物方面取得了显著进展，不列颠哥伦比亚省显示出进一步扩大的巨大潜力。与此同时，哥伦比亚仍处于生物能源增长的早期阶段，正在通过专注于从甘蔗中生产沼气和生物乙醇来逐步加强其工业。这些国家共同展示了战略政策框架和可持续实践的有效实施如何影响了生物能源的发展。观察到的趋势突出了该部门在减缓气候变化、能源安全和可持续经济增长方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Flexible hosting capacity: Integrating electric vehicles, photovoltaics, and battery energy storage into distribution grid planning in New England 灵活的托管能力：将电动汽车、光伏和电池储能整合到新英格兰的配电网规划中

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100495

Sergio Freeman, Ertan Agar

Transportation electrification and the rapid deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs), including photovoltaics and battery energy storage systems, are transforming distribution grid operations. Traditional static hosting capacity assessments often fail to capture the dynamic, stochastic behavior of high DER penetrations, particularly when electric vehicles are integrated. This study applies a dynamic hosting capacity framework to a representative New England feeder using time-series simulations across five DER scenarios: baseline, unmanaged, time-of-use pricing, DER management systems (DERMS), and DERMS + vehicle-to-grid (V2G). Results reveal that unmanaged DERs more than double the factor of accelerated aging (FAA) in 18% of transformers and cause feeder voltage violations in 6.7% of operating hours. In contrast, DERMS coordination reduces voltage violations by 93% and FAA by over 50%. Hosting capacity increases from 25% under unmanaged conditions to 60% with DERMS + V2G. Dynamic hosting margin analysis indicates operational headroom rising from 18% (unmanaged) to over 40% (DERMS + V2G), with voltage regulator tap changes falling by 38% and reverse power flow events falling by 67%. These findings demonstrate that active coordination and V2G integration can substantially expand DER hosting capacity and enhance grid resilience without immediate infrastructure upgrades.

交通电气化和分布式能源（DERs）的快速部署，包括光伏和电池储能系统，正在改变配电网的运营。传统的静态承载能力评估往往无法捕捉高DER渗透的动态、随机行为，尤其是在集成电动汽车的情况下。本研究将动态托管容量框架应用于具有代表性的新英格兰馈线，使用时间序列模拟五种DER方案：基线，非管理，使用时间定价，DER管理系统（DERMS）和DERMS +车辆到电网（V2G）。结果表明，在18%的变压器中，未管理的der使加速老化（FAA）因素增加了一倍以上，并在6.7%的运行时间内导致馈线电压违规。相比之下，DERMS协调减少了93%的电压违规，减少了50%以上的FAA。托管容量从非托管条件下的25%增加到DERMS + V2G的60%。动态托管余量分析表明，运行净空从18%（非管理）上升到40%以上（DERMS + V2G），电压调节器分接变化下降38%，反向潮流事件下降67%。这些研究结果表明，主动协调和V2G集成可以在无需立即升级基础设施的情况下大幅扩展DER托管容量并增强电网弹性。

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引用次数: 0

Physical property recommendations for computational modeling of water electrolysis 电解水计算模型的物理特性建议

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100488

Joseph Bloxham , Raj Venuturumilli

Green hydrogen is necessary for the production of many low-carbon fuels. Water electrolysis is the most developed technology for green hydrogen. Process simulations and multiphysics models are widely used in industry. With an accurate model, scientists and engineers can direct research efforts or give recommendations for investing in technologies or companies. For models to give meaningful results, it is essential that the thermophysical properties of the materials in the system be represented correctly. Without correct property data, models will be inaccurate even if the underlying physics is precisely captured. However, increasing accuracy in physical properties can increase the computational cost of modeling. This report reviews the available literature for fluids present in most modern electrolyzers at industrially important conditions: water, hydrogen, oxygen, aqueous potassium hydroxide, and their mixtures. The report then reviews the current best data and practices for estimating density, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, surface tension, electrical conductivity, solubility, and electrical conductivity while balancing accuracy and computing speed. These properties are reviewed for pure components and mixtures in both liquid and vapor phases. Additional experimental data for these properties is necessary as the energy industry adopts green hydrogen production, but the recommendations made here are the best available at the time of the report.

绿色氢是生产许多低碳燃料所必需的。水电解是目前最发达的绿色制氢技术。过程仿真和多物理场模型在工业中得到了广泛的应用。有了一个准确的模型，科学家和工程师可以指导研究工作，或者为投资技术或公司提供建议。为了使模型给出有意义的结果，系统中材料的热物理性质必须得到正确的表示。如果没有正确的属性数据，即使精确地捕获了底层物理，模型也会不准确。然而，提高物理性质的准确性会增加建模的计算成本。本报告回顾了大多数现代电解槽在工业重要条件下存在的流体的现有文献：水、氢、氧、氢氧化钾及其混合物。然后，该报告回顾了目前估计密度、热容量、导热系数、表面张力、导电性、溶解度和导电性的最佳数据和实践，同时平衡了准确性和计算速度。本文综述了纯组分和液相、气相混合物的这些性质。随着能源行业采用绿色氢气生产，这些特性的额外实验数据是必要的，但这里提出的建议是在报告发布时最好的。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with novel emulsions of cattle dung bio-oil in diesel stabilized by biodiesel 以新型牛粪生物油乳剂为燃料的柴油发动机的性能、燃烧和排放特性的评估

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100492

Lovepreet Kaur , Jayant Singh , Alaknanda Ashok , Harveer Singh Pali , Sachin Kumar

Alternative renewable fuels are the need of the hour due to limited petroleum fuel sources and environmental degradation caused by emissions. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing cattle dung bio-oil (CDBO) microemulsions as an alternative fuel in compression ignition engines by investigating their production, stability, performance, combustion, and emission characteristics. CDBO was produced through fast pyrolysis under optimized conditions and blended with high-speed diesel (HSD) using castor oil methyl ester as an additive to prepare stable microemulsions containing 5–20% bio-oil by volume. The experimental objectives included characterization of the bio-oil, development of microemulsions, and assessment of their influence on engine performance, combustion parameters, and emission profiles. The engine testing was conducted on a single-cylinder, 4-stroke, water-cooled, direct-injection diesel engine (Kirloskar AVI, 5 hp/3.73 kW) coupled with an eddy current dynamometer. The setup was equipped with sensors and transducers to measure all required parameters. The findings indicated that the microemulsions having 20% bio-oil exhibited higher brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) (16.4%) and lower brake thermal efficiency (13.2%) than that of diesel, while the brake power remained almost the same at full loads. The microemulsion fuels produced significantly lower carbon monoxide (27%) and hydrocarbon emissions (41.5%), and the temperature of exhaust gas was higher (10.4%). At high loads, the microemulsions generated 23.5% lower smoke emissions than HSD. The ignition delay was the same as for diesel operation at higher loads, while the cylinder peak pressure was 6.4% higher than that of diesel.

由于石油燃料来源有限和排放造成的环境退化，替代可再生燃料是当前的需要。本研究旨在通过对牛粪生物油（CDBO）微乳液的制备、稳定性、性能、燃烧和排放特性的研究，评估牛粪生物油（CDBO）微乳液作为压缩点火发动机替代燃料的可行性。在优化条件下通过快速热解制备CDBO，并以蓖麻油甲酯为添加剂与高速柴油（HSD）共混，制备出体积分数为5-20%的稳定微乳。实验目的包括表征生物油，开发微乳液，评估其对发动机性能、燃烧参数和排放曲线的影响。发动机测试是在一台单缸、4冲程、水冷直喷柴油发动机（Kirloskar AVI, 5 hp/3.73 kW）和涡流测功仪上进行的。该装置配备了传感器和传感器来测量所有所需的参数。结果表明，与柴油微乳相比，生物油含量为20%的微乳具有更高的制动比能耗（BSEC）（16.4%）和更低的制动热效率（13.2%），而在满载时制动功率基本保持不变。微乳化燃料产生的一氧化碳（27%）和碳氢化合物排放量（41.5%）显著降低，废气温度较高（10.4%）。在高负荷下，微乳液产生的烟雾排放量比HSD低23.5%。点火延迟与柴油机在高负荷下运行时相同，而气缸峰值压力比柴油机高6.4%。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing passive cooling of photovoltaic modules using bio-based eutectic phase change materials and barium sulphate radiative cooling paint 利用生物基共晶相变材料和硫酸钡辐射冷却涂料增强光伏组件的被动冷却

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100490

Zhen Wei Ko , Annas Wiguno , Jerry Joynson , Matthew J. Ashfold , Ianatul Khoiroh

The global shift toward renewable energy has intensified the need to improve photovoltaic (PV) efficiency, particularly in tropical climates where elevated temperatures degrade performance. This study evaluates 2 passive cooling methods, bio-based phase change materials (PCMs) and barium sulphate (BaSO₄) radiative cooling paint to mitigate PV overheating. Two eutectic PCM mixtures, lauric acid/oleic acid (LA/OA) and lauric acid/capric acid (LA/CA), were characterized via differential scanning calorimetry, revealing latent heats of 120.1 J/g and 172.1 J/g, respectively. Under simulated solar irradiance of 800 W/m², PCM-integrated panels demonstrated significant thermal regulation, with the LA/CA system reducing peak temperatures by 18.3 °C vs. the reference panel and improving power output by 26.0%. In contrast, radiative cooling paint applied to panel frames or side-mounted heat sinks lowered temperatures by up to 6.1 °C but unexpectedly reduced power generation due to power dissipation, highlighting a trade-off between thermal and electrical performance. The LA/CA PCM emerged as the superior solution for tropical climates, offering sustained cooling and enhanced efficiency, while paint formulations require further optimization to avoid compromising light absorption. This study provides critical insights into passive cooling strategies, emphasizing the importance of holistic performance evaluation for real-world PV applications.

全球向可再生能源的转变加剧了提高光伏（PV）效率的需要，特别是在热带气候中，高温会降低性能。本研究评估了两种被动冷却方法，即生物基相变材料（PCMs）和硫酸钡（BaSO₄）辐射冷却涂料，以减轻PV过热。采用差示扫描量热法对两种共晶PCM混合物月桂酸/油酸（LA/OA）和月桂酸/癸酸（LA/CA）进行了表征，潜热分别为120.1 J/g和172.1 J/g。在800 W/m²的模拟太阳辐照度下，集成pcm的面板显示出显著的热调节，与参考面板相比，LA/CA系统将峰值温度降低了18.3 °C，并将功率输出提高了26.0%。相比之下，应用于面板框架或侧面安装的散热器的辐射冷却涂料可将温度降低6.1 °C，但由于功率耗散，意外地减少了发电量，突出了热和电气性能之间的权衡。LA/CA PCM成为热带气候的卓越解决方案，提供持续的冷却和提高效率，而涂料配方需要进一步优化，以避免影响光吸收。这项研究为被动冷却策略提供了重要的见解，强调了对实际光伏应用进行整体性能评估的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Systematic review on bio-based insulation in Morocco: Research progress and policy challenges 摩洛哥生物基绝热材料的系统综述：研究进展与政策挑战

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100487

Omar Iken , Oussama Rahmoun , Oumaima Imghoure , Mohamed Touil , Salma Ouhaibi , Miloud Rahmoune , Naoual Belouaggadia , Rachid Saadani

This paper evaluates the initiatives undertaken by research and policy institutions in Morocco regarding energy efficiency in buildings. It explores the potential of thermal insulation materials derived from bio-based composites and textile waste, as circularly, sustainable, economical and high-performance solutions. To meet this objective, a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology has been used with over 133 studies and 10 projects to analyse quantitatively and qualitatively the efforts made to integrate recycled and bio-based materials for more energy efficient buildings. The quantitative side has shown that over 30 different types of eco-friendly materials were experimentally and numerically characterised in Morocco during the last 25 years. The qualitative side was conducted through a U-value and thickness based evaluation and a classification by thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity to specify the most suitable materials. A critical analysis of the research methodology and the national policy strategy towards building energy efficiency has been carried out. The findings have highlighted the main challenges facing the integration of these insulation materials in the construction sector, particularly in terms of regulations, awareness and market access. Finally, recommendations were proposed to encourage the adoption of these innovative materials and strengthen public policies in favour of the energy transition.

本文评估了摩洛哥研究和政策机构在建筑能效方面所采取的举措。它探索了从生物基复合材料和纺织废料中提取的保温材料的潜力，作为循环、可持续、经济和高性能的解决方案。为了实现这一目标，我们采用了系统评估和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）方法，对133项研究和10个项目进行了定量和定性分析，以综合利用再生材料和生物基材料，以实现更节能的建筑。定量方面表明，在过去的25年里，超过30种不同类型的环保材料在摩洛哥进行了实验和数值表征。定性方面是通过基于u值和厚度的评估以及导热性和体积热容的分类来指定最合适的材料。对研究方法和国家建筑节能政策战略进行了批判性分析。研究结果强调了这些绝缘材料在建筑行业整合所面临的主要挑战，特别是在法规、意识和市场准入方面。最后，提出了鼓励采用这些创新材料和加强有利于能源转型的公共政策的建议。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic simulation of a PEM fuel cell: Insights into efficiency, thermal, and fluid management PEM燃料电池的动态模拟：对效率、热和流体管理的见解

Next Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100489

Theodore Azemtsop Manfo

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are emerging as critical technology for clean and efficient energy conversion, providing a path to worldwide decarbonization and renewable power generation. Their successful integration into renewable and hybrid systems necessitates a thorough understanding of the interconnected electrochemical, thermal, and fluid processes that regulate performance. However, many existing models oversimplify these dynamic interactions, resulting in an inadequate understanding of system-level behavior and control optimization. This study fills that gap by creating a dynamic MATLAB/Simulink-based model of a PEM fuel cell to investigate how integrated thermal and fluid management affect efficiency, gas usage, and operational stability under changing loads. The model includes several critical subsystems, including the membrane electrode assembly, gas flow routes, heat regulation, and purge control. Simulation findings show a peak electrical output of 95 kW with a power density of 1.116 W cm⁻². This highlights the need for active cooling and purging strategies in reducing hydrogen loss and preserving stack performance. The findings aid sustainable PEM fuel cell design and real-time control development.

质子交换膜（PEM）燃料电池正在成为清洁、高效能源转换的关键技术，为全球脱碳和可再生能源发电提供了一条途径。将其成功集成到可再生能源和混合动力系统中，需要对调节性能的相互关联的电化学、热和流体过程有透彻的了解。然而，许多现有的模型过度简化了这些动态交互，导致对系统级行为和控制优化的理解不足。本研究通过创建基于MATLAB/ simulink的PEM燃料电池动态模型来填补这一空白，以研究集成的热和流体管理如何影响效率、气体使用和变化负载下的运行稳定性。该模型包括几个关键子系统，包括膜电极组件，气体流动路线，热量调节和吹扫控制。模拟结果显示，峰值电输出为95 kW，功率密度为1.116 W cm⁻²。这突出了主动冷却和净化策略在减少氢损失和保持堆性能方面的必要性。这些发现有助于PEM燃料电池的可持续设计和实时控制的发展。

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