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Performance testing of an innovative integrated zenithal daylight guide with solar water heater under real-weather conditions 在实际气候条件下对带有太阳能热水器的创新型集成天顶式日光引导系统进行性能测试
Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100165
Mahmoud Eid El-saggan, Ahmed Rekaby, Walid Aniss Aissa, Ahmed M. Reda

Zenithal Daylight Guides (ZDG) and Solar Water Heaters (SWH) are individual energy-saving solutions utilized across diverse building types. This study proposes an innovative integrated power-saving system, uniting ZDG and SWH into a single model. The integration concept is rooted in leveraging the available space surrounding the daylighting device's pipe to incorporate a solar heater via a serpentine collector. The primary aim of this amalgamation is to optimize solar energy savings, minimize spatial demands, and alleviate manufacturing expenses. Moreover, the impetus behind this study stems from the recent emergence of daytime power outages in Egypt, attributed to heightened consumption surpassing production capacities. The ZDG is still not well known in Egypt. This is the only study until the year 2022/2023 in Aswan, Egypt, that analyzes the performance of this device under extreme sunlight conditions (with maximum global illumination reaching approximately 118 Klux). Across various seasons, the lighting and thermal efficacy of the current model underwent experimental testing and analysis to assess its practical utility. The integrated system effectively elevated the water temperature and achieved adequate light transmission, as indicated by the obtained results. The average transmitted indoor illumination on the work surface reached approximately 2470 lux. The reliance on electrical lighting could be mitigated for up to 5 hours. On the other hand, the highest water temperature and maximum instantaneous efficiency reached are about 70 °C and 37%, respectively. Throughout the experiments, the proposed solar heater achieved a maximum daily thermal efficiency of 31.5%. The findings are deemed satisfactory and promising.

天顶式日光引导系统(ZDG)和太阳能热水器(SWH)是适用于各种建筑类型的独立节能解决方案。本研究提出了一种创新的集成节电系统,将 ZDG 和 SWH 整合为一个模型。集成概念的根本在于利用日光照明设备管道周围的可用空间,通过蛇形集热器将太阳能加热器整合在一起。这种合并的主要目的是优化太阳能节约,最大限度地减少空间需求,并降低制造成本。此外,这项研究背后的推动力源于埃及最近出现的白天停电现象,其原因是消耗量超过了生产能力。ZDG 在埃及还不为人所知。这是 2022/2023 年之前在埃及阿斯旺进行的唯一一项研究,该研究分析了该设备在极端日照条件下(全球最大照度达到约 118 Klux)的性能。在不同季节,对当前模型的照明和热效率进行了实验测试和分析,以评估其实际效用。结果表明,集成系统有效地提高了水温,并实现了充分的透光性。工作面上的平均室内透射照度达到约 2470 勒克斯。对电气照明的依赖可以减少长达 5 个小时。另一方面,达到的最高水温和最大瞬时效率分别约为 70 °C 和 37%。在整个实验过程中,拟议的太阳能热水器的最高日热效率达到 31.5%。实验结果令人满意,前景光明。
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引用次数: 0
A thermal-expansion offset to cobalt-based cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells 用于固体氧化物燃料电池的钴基阴极材料的热膨胀偏移量
Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100168
Qingjun Zhou , Xinyue Zhang , Yajie Wang , Yichu Ma , Hengqiang Yang

The mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) between cobalt-containing perovskite cathodes and commonly used electrolytes is a significant challenge to the development of durable solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In this investigation, we propose to introduce low thermal expansion (LTE) cathode (Y0.5Ca0.5)0.8In0.2BaCo3ZnO7 + δ (YCIBCZ) to high thermal expansion (HTE) cathode LaBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5 + δ (LBSC) to prepare YCIBCZ–LBSC composite cathodes. The addition of YCIBCZ oxide to LBSC oxide results in good thermal matching between the cathode and electrolyte, effectively improving the electrochemical performance of SOFCs. The TEC is significantly reduced from 27.2 × 10−6 K−1 for LBSC to 12.9 × 10−6 K−1 for YCIBCZ70–LBSC30. For all the cathode compositions studied, YCIBCZ50–LBSC50 exhibits a relatively low area-specific resistance value (0.011 Ω cm2 at 800 °C) and a high power density (571 mW cm−2 at 800 °C). These results should be associated with the balance of the TEC values of cathode/electrolyte interfaces, the magnitude of the total conductivity, and the electrocatalaytic activity of composite cathodes. In all, it provides a novel idea to develop fully thermal expansion compatible and highly active cobalt-based cathodes for SOFCs.

含钴的包晶阴极与常用电解质之间的热膨胀系数(TECs)不匹配是开发持久性固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFCs)的一大挑战。在这项研究中,我们建议在高热膨胀(HTE)阴极 LaBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5 + δ(LBSC)中引入低热膨胀(LTE)阴极 (Y0.5Ca0.5)0.8In0.2BaCo3ZnO7 + δ (YCIBCZ),以制备 YCIBCZ-LBSC复合阴极。在 LBSC 氧化物中加入 YCIBCZ 氧化物后,阴极和电解液之间的热匹配良好,从而有效改善了 SOFC 的电化学性能。TEC 从 LBSC 的 27.2 × 10-6 K-1 显著降低到 YCIBCZ70-LBSC30 的 12.9 × 10-6 K-1。在所研究的所有阴极成分中,YCIBCZ50-LBSC50 显示出相对较低的特定区域电阻值(800 °C 时为 0.011 Ω cm2)和较高的功率密度(800 °C 时为 571 mW cm-2)。这些结果应与阴极/电解质界面的 TEC 值、总电导率的大小以及复合阴极的电催化活性之间的平衡有关。总之,它为开发用于 SOFC 的完全热膨胀兼容的高活性钴基阴极提供了一个新思路。
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引用次数: 0
A review of recent progress in the design and integration of domestic heat pumps 家用热泵设计和集成最新进展回顾
Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100163
Andreas V. Olympios , Paul Sapin , Matthias Mersch , Abdullah M. Maghrabi , Christos N. Markides

Electric (mechanical vapour-compression) heat pumps are acknowledged as a key technology for heat decarbonisation, their role being evidently more significant than thermally driven heat pumps and hydrogen boilers. The International Energy Agency estimates that, assuming governments meet their commitments, the global capacity of electric heat pumps will nearly triple by 2030. Heat pump systems come in a variety of designs, including system configurations, component (e.g., heat exchanger, compressor, working fluid) selection, and operation strategies that have a significant effect on performance and cost. In this article, we review current progress in technology development and in the methods used for techno-economic performance assessments of domestic (i.e., residential) heat pumps in the range of a few ∼kWs. The principles upon which heat pump operation and performance depend are first stated. Then, drawing from widely used performance indicators and published data on hundreds of commercially available heat pump products and components over a wide range of operating conditions, a detailed methodology is presented for obtaining performance and cost estimates. A synopsis of potential synergies with other heating, cooling and storage technologies is presented, demonstrating that appropriate integration and operation are required to maximise cost-effectiveness and emission reduction capabilities. Furthermore, whole-energy system implications of widespread heat electrification and current policy measures supporting electric heat pumps in different countries are discussed. The models and analyses presented in this review are useful to a diverse set of stakeholders, including energy technology and system modellers, technology manufacturers, end-users, government, and policy makers.

电动(机械蒸汽压缩)热泵被认为是热能脱碳的关键技术,其作用显然比热力驱动热泵和氢气锅炉更为重要。据国际能源机构估计,如果各国政府履行承诺,到 2030 年,全球电热泵的产能将增加近两倍。热泵系统的设计多种多样,包括系统配置、组件(如热交换器、压缩机、工作流体)选择以及对性能和成本有重大影响的运行策略。在本文中,我们将回顾目前在技术开发方面取得的进展,以及对几千瓦范围内的家用(即住宅)热泵进行技术经济性能评估的方法。首先阐述了热泵运行和性能所依赖的原则。然后,根据广泛使用的性能指标以及数百种市售热泵产品和组件在各种运行条件下的公开数据,介绍了获得性能和成本估算的详细方法。此外,还简要介绍了热泵与其他供热、制冷和储能技术的潜在协同作用,表明要最大限度地提高成本效益和减排能力,就必须进行适当的集成和操作。此外,还讨论了广泛的热电气化对整个能源系统的影响,以及不同国家当前支持电热泵的政策措施。本综述中介绍的模型和分析对各种利益相关者都很有用,包括能源技术和系统建模人员、技术制造商、终端用户、政府和政策制定者。
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引用次数: 0
The performance of a 100 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell designed for truck applications 专为卡车应用设计的 100 千瓦质子交换膜燃料电池的性能
Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100167
Aakash Collin, Vijay Bhooshan Kumar, S. Karthikeyan, M. Gopi Sankar

Fuel cell electric vehicles offer a potential solution for achieving the objectives of the energy transition currently underway, which entails replacing combustion vehicles with vehicles that are low in environmental impact. Thus, this market is expected to grow rapidly in the future. Today, there are a plethora of fuel cell types available on the market with a wide range of applications, including transportation, and stationary, portable, and emergency backup power. Among these fuel cells, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) have the potential for use in automotive applications due to their low operating temperatures as well as high power density. Furthermore, these PEMFC power sources are also available in various power ranges and capacities for diverse vehicle applications. However, selection of optimized configurations for truck applications is a challenging task due to cost-sensitivity and competitiveness in the Indian market. Therefore, considering the above scenario, a simulation study for PEMFC performance with vehicle operating conditions is necessary to finalize the suitable fuel cell power capacity for truck applications. Based on this study, a fuel cell electric vehicle model for trucks with > 30–40 tonnage applications is developed for the simulation study in this paper. Furthermore, steady state and transient simulations are conducted using GT-Suites version 2021 software on a 100 kW PEM fuel cell system. The developed model of fuel cell was found to be capable of supplying sufficient power for two lower steady-state cycles in regions with low power demand, and slightly more power was required for the third steady-state cycle. On the other hand, during the transient cycle run, the fuel cell in consideration was able to perform adequately and meet the required power demands. This study has kept other parameters constant in addition to temperature, pressure, and humidity. On the basis of this analysis, PEMFCs may find applications in automotive applications due to their low operating temperatures and high power density.

燃料电池电动汽车为实现目前正在进行的能源转型目标提供了一个潜在的解决方案,即用对环境影响小的汽车取代内燃汽车。因此,预计未来这一市场将快速增长。目前,市场上的燃料电池种类繁多,应用范围广泛,包括交通运输、固定式、便携式和紧急备用电源。在这些燃料电池中,质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)因其低工作温度和高功率密度而具有在汽车应用中使用的潜力。此外,这些 PEMFC 动力源还具有不同的功率范围和容量,适用于各种车辆应用。然而,由于成本敏感性和在印度市场的竞争力,为卡车应用选择优化配置是一项具有挑战性的任务。因此,考虑到上述情况,有必要对 PEMFC 性能与车辆运行条件进行模拟研究,以最终确定适合卡车应用的燃料电池功率容量。在此研究基础上,本文开发了适用于 30-40 吨以上卡车的燃料电池电动汽车模型,用于模拟研究。此外,还使用 GT-Suites 2021 版软件对 100 kW PEM 燃料电池系统进行了稳态和瞬态模拟。研究发现,所开发的燃料电池模型能够在电力需求较低的地区为两个较低的稳态循环提供足够的电力,而第三个稳态循环所需的电力略高。另一方面,在瞬态循环运行期间,所考虑的燃料电池能够充分发挥性能,满足所需的功率需求。除温度、压力和湿度外,本研究还保持了其他参数不变。在此分析的基础上,PEMFC 因其低工作温度和高功率密度,可能会被应用于汽车领域。
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引用次数: 0
Accurate voltage prediction for lithium and sodium-ion full-cell development 锂离子和钠离子全电池开发的精确电压预测
Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100166
Yongxiu Chen , Yazid Lakhdar , Lin Chen , Brij Kishore , Jaehoon Choi , Ethan Williams , Dimitra Spathara , Roksana Jackowska , Emma Kendrick

The cell balance, negative to positive (N:P) electrode ratio, and voltage limits determine the first cycle loss and reversible capacity at different rates and can influence degradation mechanisms and cycle life. This balance needs optimizing for each cell chemistry, electrode mass loading, and cell format, typically performed through empirical optimization. This work provides an accurate predictive tool for calculating full-cell voltages by decoupling the independent electrode potential under the same operating conditions. Full-cell NMC622//Graphite voltages are accurately predicted from low-rate half-cell voltage profiles (pseudo-open circuit voltages) and validated for different N:P ratios, rates, material types, and cell formats. The application of this methodology to several chemistries, including sodium-ion cell chemistry, high power (NMC622//MoNb12O33), and high energy (NMC920305//Graphite-SiOx), is also demonstrated. In addition, each electrode's key thermodynamic and kinetic parameters are extracted from the observed voltage and overpotentials for the negative and positive electrodes at different rates. Elucidating the rate-limiting electrodes and providing further cell balancing information to achieve high power, energy, and lifetime. The extracted parameters can be used in multi-scale models to optimise cell design and performance limitations further. This method promises new and quicker routes for cell optimization for different chemistries and formats.

电池平衡、负极与正极(N:P)比率和电压限制决定了不同速率下的第一周期损耗和可逆容量,并可能影响降解机制和循环寿命。这种平衡需要针对每种电池化学成分、电极质量负载和电池形式进行优化,通常通过经验优化来实现。这项工作提供了一种精确的预测工具,在相同的工作条件下,通过解耦独立电极电位来计算全电池电压。根据低速率半电池电压曲线(伪开路电压)准确预测了 NMC622//石墨全电池电压,并针对不同的 N:P 比率、速率、材料类型和电池形式进行了验证。还演示了该方法在钠离子电池化学、高功率(NMC622//MoNbO)和高能量(NMC920305//Graphite-SiO)等几种化学中的应用。此外,还从观测到的不同速率下负极和正极的电压和过电位中提取了每个电极的关键热力学和动力学参数。阐明了限制速率的电极,并提供了进一步的细胞平衡信息,以实现高功率、高能量和高寿命。提取的参数可用于多尺度模型,进一步优化电池设计和性能限制。这种方法有望为不同化学成分和形式的电池优化提供更快的新途径。
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引用次数: 0
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane for improved vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) performance 用于提高钒氧化还原液流电池(VRFB)性能的 2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸(AMPS)接枝聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)膜
Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100164
Sarthak Mishra , Jeet Sharma , Prashant Upadhyay , Vaibhav Kulshrestha

Polymer modification techniques are crucial for customizing material properties to suit specific applications, particularly in energy storage systems. This study investigates the modification of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to graft 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) onto the fluorinated backbone. The successful grafting was confirmed via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, while the membrane structure was evaluated using infrared (IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and universal testing machine (UTM) tests verified the thermal and mechanical stability of the membranes. Electrochemical analysis showed sustained performance over 300 cycles. The FluorCat-25 membrane demonstrated high coulombic efficiency (>98 %), voltage efficiency (83 %), and energy efficiency (81 %) at a current density of 100 mA cm−2. Notably, FluorCat-25 achieved a peak power density of 353 mW cm⁻², surpassing that of Nafion-117 (304 mW cm⁻²), with >85 % capacity retention, indicating its superior performance and suitability for VRFB applications. These findings position FluorCat-25 as a promising candidate for efficient and durable energy storage solutions in VRFB technology.

聚合物改性技术对于定制材料特性以适应特定应用(尤其是储能系统)至关重要。本研究通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)将 2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸(AMPS)接枝到氟化骨架上,对聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)膜进行改性。通过核磁共振(NMR)光谱证实了接枝的成功,同时使用红外(IR)和 X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)对膜结构进行了评估。热重分析(TGA)和万能试验机(UTM)测试验证了膜的热稳定性和机械稳定性。电化学分析表明,膜在 300 个循环周期内具有持续的性能。在 100 mA cm 的电流密度下,FluorCat-25 膜表现出很高的库仑效率(>98%)、电压效率(83%)和能量效率(81%)。值得注意的是,FluorCat-25 的峰值功率密度达到了 353 mW cm-²,超过了 Nafion-117(304 mW cm-²),容量保持率大于 85%,这表明其性能优越,适用于 VRFB 应用。这些研究结果使 FluorCat-25 成为 VRFB 技术中高效耐用储能解决方案的理想候选材料。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainable green energy transition in Saudi Arabia: Characterizing policy framework, interrelations and future research directions 沙特阿拉伯的可持续绿色能源转型:政策框架特点、相互关系和未来研究方向
Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100161
Md Tasbirul Islam, Amjad Ali

By 2060, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) aims to achieve net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, targeting 50% renewable energy and reducing 278 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent annually by 2030 under Vision 2030. This ambitious roadmap focuses on economic diversification, global engagement, and enhanced quality of life. The electricity sector, with a 90 GW installed capacity as of 2020, is central to decarbonization, aiming for a 55% reduction in emissions by 2030. Saudi Energy Efficiency Centre’s Energy Efficiency Action Plan aims to reduce power intensity by 30% by 2030, while the NEOM project showcases a 4 GW green hydrogen facility, reflecting the country’s commitments to sustainability and technological innovation. Despite being the largest oil producer and user, Saudi Arabia must align with international CO2 emission reduction targets. Currently, there is no state-of-the-art energy policy framework to guide a sustainable energy transition. In the academic literature, there is also lack of effort in developing comprehensive energy policy framework. This study provides a thorough and comprehensive analysis of the entire energy industry, spanning from the stage of production to consumption, incorporating sustainability factors into the wider discussion on energy policy. It establishes a conceptual framework for the energy policy of Saudi Arabia that corresponds with Vision 2030. A total of hundred documents (e.g., 25 original articles and 75 industry reports) were retrieved from Google Scholar, Web of Science Core Collection Database, and Google Search and then analyzed. Results showed that for advancing the green energy transition, areas such as strategies for regional and cross-sectoral collaboration, adoption of international models, human capital development and public engagement, technological innovation, and research; and resource conservation, environmental protection, and climate change should move forward exclusively from an energy policy perspective. This article's main contribution is developing a comprehensive and conceptual policy framework for Saudi Arabia's sustainable green energy transition aligned with Vision 2030. The framework integrates social, economic, and environmental criteria and provides critical policy implications and research directions for advancing energy policy and sustainable practices in the country.

根据 "2030 愿景",沙特阿拉伯王国(KSA)的目标是到 2060 年实现温室气体(GHG)净零排放,到 2030 年可再生能源占比达到 50%,每年减少 2.78 亿吨二氧化碳当量。这一雄心勃勃的路线图侧重于经济多样化、全球参与和提高生活质量。截至 2020 年,电力部门的装机容量为 90 千兆瓦,是去碳化的核心,目标是到 2030 年减排 55%。沙特能源效率中心的能源效率行动计划旨在到 2030 年将电力强度降低 30%,而 NEOM 项目则展示了一个 4 千兆瓦的绿色氢气设施,体现了沙特对可持续发展和技术创新的承诺。尽管沙特阿拉伯是最大的石油生产国和使用国,但它必须与国际二氧化碳减排目标保持一致。目前,还没有最先进的能源政策框架来指导可持续能源转型。在学术文献中,也缺乏制定全面能源政策框架的努力。本研究对从生产到消费的整个能源行业进行了深入全面的分析,将可持续发展因素纳入能源政策的广泛讨论中。它为沙特阿拉伯的能源政策建立了一个与《2030 年远景规划》相对应的概念框架。我们从谷歌学术、Web of Science 核心数据库和谷歌搜索中检索了 100 篇文献(如 25 篇原创文章和 75 篇行业报告),然后进行了分析。结果表明,要推进绿色能源转型,应完全从能源政策的角度出发,在区域和跨部门合作战略、采用国际模式、人力资本开发和公众参与、技术创新和研究,以及资源节约、环境保护和气候变化等领域取得进展。本文的主要贡献在于为沙特阿拉伯的可持续绿色能源转型制定了一个与《2030 愿景》相一致的全面的概念性政策框架。该框架整合了社会、经济和环境标准,为推进该国的能源政策和可持续实践提供了重要的政策影响和研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Modelling and experimental investigation of cooling of field-operating PV panels using thermoelectric devices for enhanced power generation by industrial solar plants 利用热电设备冷却现场运行的光伏电池板以提高工业太阳能发电厂发电量的建模和实验研究
Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100162
Rahul Chandel, Shyam Singh Chandel , Atul Khosla

The performance of commercial solar power plants degrades due to an increase in module temperatures for which standard PV-T air or water-cooling techniques are mostly used. In this study, a thermoelectric cooling system is studied for improving photovoltaic cell power efficiency and hence solar power generation. The cooling optimization requires solar cell temperature prediction of field operating PV modules, for which analysis of six models, is presented. The experimentation results show that TEC cooling maintains PV cell at 25 °C whereas PV cell without TEC operates at 55–63 °C, a higher temperature range, showing the effectiveness of the thermoelectric cooling system in precisely controlling PV cell temperature to operate at or near STC conditions in the field creating a temperature difference of 30–38 °C. The NOCT and Faiman model results are found close to the experimental values in comparison to other models. The potential for cooling and a corresponding increase in solar plant energy production is assessed using PV Syst modeling and simulation for three practical PV installation scenarios for 31 different climatic zone locations worldwide showing 6–27 % power loss due to elevated temperatures, which is not studied in previous studies adding novelty to the analysis. The results show that PV-TECS is an effective system to control the temperature of field operating PV modules, which can be used in future photovoltaic power plants. Field results and analysis of PV temperature models is crucial for the optimization and future development of PV-thermoelectric systems deployed under actual outdoor conditions as well as the expected cooling gains in different climatic locations. These aspects are collectively studied in the current work adding to the novelty of the study.

商业太阳能发电厂的性能会因模块温度的升高而降低,而标准的 PV-T 空气或水冷却技术大多用于此目的。本研究对热电冷却系统进行了研究,以提高光伏电池的发电效率,进而提高太阳能发电量。冷却优化需要对现场运行的光伏组件的太阳能电池温度进行预测,为此,本研究对六个模型进行了分析。实验结果表明,TEC 冷却可将光伏电池维持在 25 °C,而不使用 TEC 的光伏电池则在 55-63 °C(更高的温度范围)下运行,这表明热电冷却系统可有效精确地控制光伏电池温度,使其在现场运行时达到或接近 STC 条件,从而产生 30-38 °C的温差。与其他模型相比,NOCT 和 Faiman 模型的结果接近实验值。利用光伏 Syst 建模和仿真,对全球 31 个不同气候带的三种实际光伏安装方案进行了评估,结果显示,由于温度升高导致的功率损失为 6-27%,这在以往的研究中是没有的,为分析增添了新意。结果表明,PV-TECS 是控制现场运行光伏组件温度的有效系统,可用于未来的光伏电站。光伏温度模型的现场结果和分析对于在实际室外条件下部署的光伏热电系统的优化和未来发展以及不同气候条件下的预期冷却增益至关重要。本研究对这些方面进行了综合研究,增加了研究的新颖性。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis and characterization of residual salts from lithium carbonate industry: Their potential uses for thermal storage systems 碳酸锂工业残余盐的分析和表征:它们在蓄热系统中的潜在用途
Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100160
Pablo R. Dellicompagni , Judith Franco , Julia Santapaola , Victoria Flexer , Silvana Flores Larsen

The increasing demand for clean energy and the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have led to a growing awareness of the importance of thermal energy storage systems in the diversification of the electric matrix. Sensible heat and latent heat storage are the two main techniques, and the choice of storage system depends on the melting point of the substances and the thermal energy required for the processes. This study focused on waste salts obtained from the production process of lithium carbonate. The thermophysical properties of these salts, including specific heat, density, and thermal stability, were examined through various characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results revealed promising thermal properties, chemical stability, and physical availability of the waste salts. Additionally, the study explored the potential benefits of reutilizing these waste salts, such as reducing environmental impact, promoting circular economy principles, and creating new market opportunities for commercial products. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the thermophysical properties of waste salts from lithium carbonate production. The main results are heat capacity in the solid phase (0.767–3.143 J/g °C) and storable thermal energy (114–1153 TWht). These findings contribute to the design and optimization of thermal energy storage systems, highlighting the potential for sustainable and efficient energy storage solutions in the context of global clean energy transitions.

对清洁能源日益增长的需求和减少温室气体排放的迫切需要,使人们日益认识到热能储存系统在电力矩阵多样化中的重要性。显热和潜热储存是两种主要技术,储存系统的选择取决于物质的熔点和工艺所需的热能。这项研究的重点是碳酸锂生产过程中产生的废盐。通过各种表征技术,如 X 射线衍射、化学分析、扫描电子显微镜、热重仪和差示扫描量热仪,对这些盐的热物理性质,包括比热、密度和热稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,废盐具有良好的热性能、化学稳定性和物理可用性。此外,该研究还探讨了重新利用这些废盐的潜在益处,如减少对环境的影响、促进循环经济原则以及为商业产品创造新的市场机会。总之,这项研究为碳酸锂生产过程中产生的废盐的热物理性质提供了宝贵的见解。主要结果是固相热容量(0.767-3.143 J/g °C)和可储存热能(114-1153 TWht)。这些发现有助于热能存储系统的设计和优化,突出了在全球清洁能源转型背景下可持续和高效能源存储解决方案的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of wind turbines with low rotor power density on power fluctuations 转子功率密度低的风力涡轮机对功率波动的影响
Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100156
Markus Drapalik, Viktor Vavrik, Wolfgang Liebert

Increasing penetration of variable renewable energy, particularly wind power, necessitates improved grid integration strategies. One option that has received little attention to date is to adapt the design of the turbines in the direction of lower rotor power density. By simulating various turbine models with different specifications at selected locations, the effects on several performance indicators are investigated. Since no single suitable performance indicator exists, a comparison of widely used indicators is made, whereby the introduction of new parameters proves to be useful. Results show that lowering rotor power density through reduced generator output significantly mitigates power fluctuations in the 10-minute range. Considering an entire wind farm instead of an individual turbine, total annual production is slightly decreased, while the required connected load to the grid is substantially reduced.

可变可再生能源,尤其是风能的渗透率不断提高,因此有必要改进并网策略。其中一个迄今为止很少受到关注的方案是调整涡轮机的设计,以降低转子功率密度。通过在选定地点模拟不同规格的涡轮机模型,研究了其对多个性能指标的影响。由于没有一个合适的性能指标,因此对广泛使用的指标进行了比较,结果证明引入新参数是有用的。结果表明,通过降低发电机输出功率来降低转子功率密度,可显著缓解 10 分钟范围内的功率波动。考虑到整个风电场而不是单个涡轮机,年总产量会略有下降,而所需的并网负荷则会大幅降低。
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引用次数: 0
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Next Energy
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