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This work describes the batch adsorption of Eriochrome black-T (EBT) an anionic dye onto the DF-120 commercial anion exchange membrane (AEM) from wastewater at 25 °C. The effect membrane dosage, temperature, ionic strength, contact time, pH and initail concentration on EBT adsorption was illustrated. Adsorption capacity (q_e) was enhanced from 7.32 to 12.71, 1.77 to 12.71, 6.71 to 12.71, and 16.16 to 17.39 mg/g with membrane dosage (mass), initial concentration, contact time, and ionic strength respectively while decreased from 12.71 to 3.77 and 12.71 to 3.65 mg/g with temperature and pH of medium respectively. Adsorption of EBT was subjected to various adsorption isotherms including Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models. It was noticed that EBT adsorption obeyed Freundlich isotherm because the value of correlation coefficient (R² = 0.991) was close to unity. Several kinetics models were utilized to demonstrate EBT adsorption. Results showed that EBT adsorption fitted to pseudo-second order (PSO) model because the value of correlation coefficient (R² = 0.997) was close to unity. Adsorption thermodynamics study represented that EBT adsorption onto the DF-120 commercial AEM was an exothermic process (ΔH°= −79.78 KJ/mol). In addition, the regeneration of DF-120 commercial AEM was also studied.

Passive daytime radiative cooling has emerged as a promising sustainable technique for meeting ever-growing demand for cooling across multiple sectors. Although a number of review articles have reported fundamental mechanisms and materials developments of daytime radiative cooling, reviews on its current and potential applications have been limited to specific scenarios such as building energy saving. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, here we summarize and discuss a comprehensive list of most current and potential applications of passive daytime radiative cooling to broaden horizons in this technology. First, from a materials perspective, we briefly summarize approaches to creating high solar reflectance and high emissivity in the atmospheric window of 8–13 µm. We then present applications in five major categories, each with several sub-categories, and discus each application with selective articles. Based on the availability of real-world demonstrations and developments in commercialization, we qualitatively assess the technology readiness levels of these applications, highlighting future directions that need more attention. This review offers one-stop access to a comprehensive summary of passive radiative cooling applications along with recent progress and future opportunities.

The major goal of this research is to adopt analytical hierarchy process (AHP) based geospatial technique to select suitable zone for the solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants. Nine thematic layers altogether—slope, global horizontal irradiation (GHI), relative humidity, direct normal irradiation (DNI), elevation, distance from major roads, distance from protected areas, rainfall, and land use/land cover (LULC)—are combined through overlay analysis in ArcGIS to create the final map of suitability for the placement of solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants in Bangladesh. This map has been classified into five categories namely, restricted zone, less suitable zone, moderate suitable zone, good suitable zone, and excellent suitable zone. These categories are covered by 7.28%, 16.61%, 28.51%, 27.77%, 21.83% land of total area in Bangladesh respectively. The findings of this research have been presented that ‘the excellent suitable’ and ‘good suitable’ areas for the construction of solar power plants are in the western and northwestern part (Rajshahi, Pabna, Sirajganj, Natore, Naogaon, Chapainawabganj, Bogura, Faridpur, Jessore, Jehenaidha, Magura, Kushtia, Choudanga, Meherpur) of the study area which contain a high value of global horizontal irradiation, direct normal irradiation, elevation and low value of slope, rainfall, temperature, relative humidity. Besides the restricted and less suitable zone for installing solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants indicates a high value of rainfall, slope, temperature, relative humidity and low value of global horizontal irradiation, direct normal irradiation, and elevation. Bangladesh's currently operational solar plants were taken into consideration for this study's validation purposes. The proposed framework may potentially be used in different locales on a national and worldwide scale. This study offers a consistent GIS process for the accurate, inexpensive implementation of a solar energy plan to achieve environmentally friendly goals.

Accurately forecasting the infrared radiation properties of multilayer systems exhibiting phase transition behavior presents a formidable challenge. In this study, we propose a physically-inspired Phase Transition Adaptation Model (PTAM) that leverages a deep neural network with a branching architecture, coupled with an analytical optical solver. Given the inherent difficulty in accurately measuring film thickness and the inability to test optical constants in situ, we employ a semi-self-supervised learning strategy and train the model exclusively using experimental twin spectral data generated by VO₂-based smart radiation devices (SRDs) during the thermal phase transition process. Our proposed model exhibits remarkable proficiency in capturing spatial distribution information pertaining to material characteristics in multilayer systems possessing thermochromic phenomena. Additionally, it demonstrates exceptional accuracy in predicting the radiation regulation performance of such systems. These advances have significant implications for the cost-effective and efficient development of SRDs. In line with the pressing need to combat climate change and promote sustainable energy practices, this research makes a vital contribution to the quest for a more sustainable future.

This study focuses on investigating the performance change of a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFCs) stack at different operation modes. A HT-PEMFC stack consisting of 30 single cells was tested both at constant load (0.4 A cm⁻²) and dynamic load (0.05–0.4 A cm⁻²) conditions at a temperature of 160 ℃ and hydrogen as anode fuel. Besides, the effect of impurities on the stack was also investigated by feeding a methanol reformate mixture to the stack anode as fuel for both constant and dynamic operation. The results reveal that the stack performance was stable after 120 h of both constant and dynamic operation with hydrogen, while the stack performance decreased greatly when the stack was fed with dry reformate on the anode. Significant degradation rates of 94.4 µV h⁻¹ for constant operation, while the degradation was 200 times higher in dynamic operation with reformate gas.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) often encounter performance decline issues in cold conditions when temperature significantly drops, despite being widely regarded as a leading battery technology. Functioning as a typical rocking-chair battery, lithium ions shuttle through the “blood” (the electrolyte) of LIBs between the graphite anode (the commonly-used negative electrode) and the intercalation compound cathode (positive electrode), where ion movement tends to slow down with decreasing temperature. Considering the relative maturity of electrode materials, researchers generally pay attention to the electrolyte and corresponding electrode/electrolyte interphase in order to accelerate ion transport. In light of significant advancements, we herein try to delineate and categorize the electrolyte engineering to depict what next can be done to build better batteries suitable for cooler temperatures in the near future. Specifically, advances in electrolyte engineering are summarized with the goal of improving ionic conductivity in bulk electrolyte, facilitating desolvation dynamics at the electrode/electrolyte interface, and accelerating ion movement across the interfacial film. Furthermore, viable strategies are outlined to understand the design principles of low-temperature electrolyte and inspire more endeavors to overcome the critical challenges faced by LIBs in extreme conditions.

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is considered to be the holy grail of artificial photosynthesis. Here, we report a novel bifunctional Cobalt bis-(terpyridine) complex on dual role in photocatalytic and electrocatalytic hydrogen generations. The integrated Co-complex as photosensitizer attached to TiO₂ shows an impressive hydrogen evolution reaction rate of 715 µmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ with a high turnover number of 5718 and apparent quantum yield of 5.34%. The co-functionalized electrode shows significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity through proton-coupled electron transfer path in CH₃CN/trifluoroacetic acid at 0.63 V with a turn-over frequency of 18.64 s⁻¹ at an optimal acid to catalyst ratio of 8:1. The electron-rich 4′-(5-(4-diphenylamino)phenylthiophen-2-yl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine π-conjugation synergistically enhances the catalytic performances and effectively transmits electronic charge to the terpyridine core via the thienyl spacer and supports mechanistic insight of the Co-center in the catalytic cycle. The simple design strategy of molecular catalysts with structural integrity is expected to offer an economically viable approach for practical energy conversion applications.

The combination of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is expected to solve the problems of energy conversion and storage. However, the insufficient catalytic capacity and poor durability of the oxygen electrodes in solid oxide cells (SOCs) at intermediate temperatures pose a huge challenge for SOCs applications. In this work, A-site deficient La_0.77Sr_0.2Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3-δ nanorod materials coated with Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_1.9 (GDC) are prepared to suppress cation surface segregation and enhance charge transfer kinetics by reducing internal elastic force of perovskite and meanwhile applying external compressive stress with an oxygen-ion conductor. As a result, the composite cathode with a GDC to La_0.77Sr_0.2Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3-δ weight ratio of 0.59 (La_0.77Sr_0.2Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3-δ@GDC0.59) exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and long-term stability when operating in both SOFCs and SOECs modes. XPS results show that the La_0.77Sr_0.2Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3-δ@GDC0.59 oxygen electrode exhibits no significant Sr/Fe surface segregation after operating in SOFCs and SOECs modes for 200 h. Density functional theory calculation and physiochemical characterization confirm that Sr segregation phenomenon is well inhibited through the novel A-site deficient structural design of perovskite materials, which eliminates the major residual internal elastic force of La_0.8Sr_0.2Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3-δ crystal, and GDC coating further relieves the lattice transformation of La_0.77Sr_0.2Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3-δ upon the additional introduction of A-site deficiency and oxygen vacancy. This well-orchestrated composite cathode design provides a new perspective in stabilizing perovskite crystalline structure toward high-performance SOCs with extended operating life.

The present investigation will focus on the catalytic effect of hydronium ion during liquid-water/ dilute sulfuric acid/ferric chloride pretreatment (LWP/ SAP/ FCP) on the hydrolysate and pretreated rice straw. The overall pretreatment process has been represented as a sequential catalytic reactions. The temperature range of pretreatment is varied in the range of 140–180 °C and the concentration of dilute sulfuric acid and ferric chloride is 0.1 M. The first order rate constants of xylan and glucan degradation have been determined for LWP/ SAP/ FCP. The maximum xylan and glucan conversion of 96.8% w/wand 31.4%w/w respectively are achieved for FCP at 180 °C. Xylose, glucose, furfural, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, acetic acid and formic acid appear as the main products for all pretreatments. Only in case of FCP levulinic acid also appears as a hydrolysis product. The thermal characteristics, functional groups, crystallinity, surface morphology of untreated and pretreated rice straw have been evaluated. Among all pretreatment processes under study, the highest values of glucose yield of 78.96% (w/w) using enzymatic hydrolysis and 83.79% of theoretical yield of ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been achieved for ferric chloride pretreatment.