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Geraniin alleviates nitroglycerine (NTG)-induced acute migraine in Sprague Dawley rats 天竺葵素减轻硝酸甘油（NTG）诱导的大鼠急性偏头痛

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100543

Dorcas Akuorkor Teiko , Patrick Amoateng , Wonder Kofi Mensah Abotsi , Eric Boakye-Gyasi , Newman Osafo

Migraine, a common neurological disorder, is marked by severe headache with associated symptoms such as light and sound sensitivity, vomiting and cutaneous allodynia. Nitroglycerin (NTG) is widely utilized to induce migraine in rodents due to its ability to replicate central and peripheral sensitization as observed in human migraine patients. The current study investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of geraniin, a polyphenolic ellagitannin, on acute migraine induced with nitroglycerin (NTG) to assess mechanical and thermal hypersensitivities in Sprague Dawley rats. Migraine-like symptoms were induced by NTG (5 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. Behavioural assays including mechanical sensitivity (von Frey), cold hyperalgesia (acetone test) and thermal nociception (hot plate) were conducted. Geraniin was administered in both preventive and therapeutic protocols at 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg. The probable involvement of 5-HT_1B/1D receptors in geraniin’s acute anti-migraine action was studied. Geraniin significantly reversed these responses in a dose-dependent manner in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Mechanistically, geraniin’s effects were reversed by the 5-HT_1B/1D antagonist (GR127935), suggesting its action may be associated with the serotonergic pathway of migraine development. Geraniin demonstrates robust anti-nociceptive effects in an acute NTG-induced migraine model. It can therefore by further studied as a potential therapeutic candidate for migraine management.

偏头痛是一种常见的神经系统疾病，其特点是严重头痛，并伴有对光和声音敏感、呕吐和皮肤异常性痛等相关症状。硝酸甘油（NTG）被广泛用于诱导啮齿动物偏头痛，因为它能够复制中枢和外周致敏，正如在人类偏头痛患者中观察到的那样。本研究研究了天竺葵苷（一种多酚鞣花单宁）对硝酸甘油（NTG）诱导的急性偏头痛的预防和治疗作用，以评估Sprague Dawley大鼠的机械和热超敏反应。NTG（5 mg/kg, ig）诱导偏头痛样症状。行为学分析包括机械敏感性（von Frey）、冷痛觉过敏（丙酮试验）和热痛觉（热板）。在预防和治疗方案中分别给药3、10和30 mg/kg。研究了5-HT1B/1D受体参与天竺葵素急性抗偏头痛作用的可能性。在预防和治疗设置中，geranin以剂量依赖的方式显著逆转了这些反应。在机制上，天竺香素的作用被5-HT1B/1D拮抗剂（GR127935）逆转，表明其作用可能与偏头痛发展的血清素能途径有关。geranin在急性ntg诱导的偏头痛模型中显示出强大的抗伤害作用。因此，它可以作为偏头痛治疗的潜在候选药物进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Nanotechnology-enabled delivery systems to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of polyphenolic compounds 纳米技术支持的递送系统，以提高多酚类化合物的生物利用度和功效

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100532

V. Saran, A. Jeeva, G. Syamala

Polyphenols derived from Chinese herbal medicine possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and cardioprotective effects. Despite their therapeutic potential, the clinical application of polyphenols is often limited by poor aqueous solubility, low membrane permeability, rapid metabolism, and limited bioavailability. These pharmacokinetic challenges significantly hinder their systemic efficacy and therapeutic outcomes. This review explores how advanced drug delivery strategies have been employed to overcome these limitations and enhance the clinical potential of polyphenolic compounds commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We focus on seven representative polyphenols curcumin, rutin, quercetin, resveratrol, kaempferol, tannins, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)detailing their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profiles and the obstacles faced in conventional administration. Innovative delivery platforms such as phytosomes, liposomes, micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS), cyclodextrin complexes, dendrimers, nanocrystals, prodrug strategies, and transdermal systems are comprehensively reviewed. These systems have demonstrated considerable success in improving solubility, protecting polyphenols from premature degradation, enhancing permeability, enabling sustained release, and allowing for targeted delivery. Furthermore, we discuss how the integration of modern nanotechnology with traditional ethnopharmacological knowledge not only improves the pharmacokinetic properties of polyphenols but also supports their use in evidence-based and standardized therapies. This fusion represents a promising pathway to translate bioactive herbal components into effective clinical treatments. Ultimately, the review emphasizes the need for continued interdisciplinary research to fully unlock the potential of Chinese herbal polyphenols in modern therapeutic contexts

从中草药中提取的多酚具有广泛的药理活性，包括抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤和心脏保护作用。尽管多酚具有治疗潜力，但其临床应用往往受到水溶性差、膜渗透性低、代谢快和生物利用度有限的限制。这些药代动力学挑战显著阻碍了它们的全身疗效和治疗结果。这篇综述探讨了先进的给药策略是如何克服这些限制，提高多酚类化合物在中药中的临床应用潜力的。我们重点介绍了7种具有代表性的多酚，姜黄素、芦丁、槲皮素、白藜芦醇、山奈酚、单宁和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG），详细介绍了它们的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄（ADME）特征以及在传统给药中面临的障碍。创新的递送平台，如磷脂体、脂质体、胶束、固体脂质纳米颗粒、纳米乳液、自微乳化药物递送系统（SMEDDS）、环糊精配合物、树状大分子、纳米晶体、前药策略和透皮系统进行了全面的综述。这些系统在改善溶解度、防止多酚过早降解、增强渗透性、实现持续释放和靶向递送方面取得了相当大的成功。此外，我们还讨论了现代纳米技术与传统民族药理学知识的结合如何不仅提高了多酚的药代动力学特性，而且还支持了多酚在循证和标准化治疗中的应用。这种融合代表了一条有希望的途径，将生物活性草药成分转化为有效的临床治疗。最后，该综述强调需要继续进行跨学科研究，以充分释放中草药多酚在现代治疗环境中的潜力

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引用次数: 0

Impact of combining Hibiscus sabdariffa and Citrus paradisi extracts on glucose-induced cataracts and glomerulopathy 芙蓉和天竺葵提取物联合应用对葡萄糖性白内障和肾小球病变的影响

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100539

Daniel Hassan Mhya , Asiya Muhammad Kabir , Evelyn Bulus Nkarina , Fatima Muhammad Dambam , Theophilus Tagun Dawus

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate extract mixture of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Citrus paradisi on glucose-induced cataract and glomerulopathy.

Methodology

Hibiscus sabdariffa (HPE) and Citrus paradisi (CPE) samples were collected from local farmers in Bauchi and Plateau States. The samples were air-dried and aqueous-extracted. The extracts obtained were screened for antioxidant molecules (phenolic, carotenoids, vitamin A, C and E) before re-extracted for anthocyanins from HPE and naringin from CPE, and tested for anti-cataractogenic and anti-glomerulopathic activities alone and in combination on rats' lens and glomeruli exposed to high glucose solution. Malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzymes were assayed spectrophotometrically while the morphology of the lens was analyzed microscopically.

Results

The results revealed that extracts of HPE and CPE are high in antioxidants such as phenolics, carotenoids, and vitamins A, C, and E. Lens exposed to high glucose developed cataracts, and treatment with extracts of HPE and CPE alleviated cataracts by reducing oxidative stress and preventing lens opacity. Treatment of glomeruli exposed to high glucose with the mixed extracts (HPE and CPE) enhanced its glucose absorption at 6.07 ± 1.31 mM compared to 1.87 ± 0.62 mM (negative control), antioxidant enzyme activities: CAT (µmol H₂O₂/min) 8.65 ± 0.43 against negative control (3.67 ± 0.32), SOD (U/mL) 14.75 ± 0.84 against negative control (6.12 ± 0.54), Peroxidase (μM tetraguaiacol/min) 11.89 ± 0.60 against negative control; 5.28 ± 0.48 and lower malondialdehyde (µM/L) at 3.97 ± 0.24 against negative control; 9.73 ± 0.65.

Conclusion

The study concluded that the efficacy of HPE and CPE extracts in preventing cataracts and glomerulopathy may be augmented through their combination.

目的探讨木槿、天竺葵提取物对葡萄糖性白内障和肾小球病变的影响。方法采集包奇州和高原州当地农民种植的木槿（HPE）和柑橘（CPE）样品。样品经风干和水萃取处理。筛选得到的提取物的抗氧化分子（酚类、类胡萝卜素、维生素A、C和E），再提取HPE中的花青素和CPE中的柚皮苷，并对暴露于高糖溶液的大鼠晶状体和肾小球进行单独和联合抗白内障和抗肾小球的活性测试。分光光度法测定丙二醛和抗氧化酶，显微镜下分析晶状体形态。结果HPE和CPE提取物富含酚类物质、类胡萝卜素和维生素A、C、e等抗氧化剂，高糖暴露的晶状体可发生白内障，HPE和CPE提取物可通过降低氧化应激和防止晶状体混浊来缓解白内障。治疗肾小球暴露于高葡萄糖与混合提取物(HPE和CPE)增强其葡萄糖吸收6.07 ±1.31  毫米相比1.87 ±0.62  毫米(负控制),抗氧化酶活动:猫(µ摩尔H₂O₂/分钟)8.65 ±0.43 负控制(3.67 ±0.32 ),SOD (U /毫升)14.75 ±0.84 负控制(6.12 ±0.54 ),过氧化物酶(11.89μM tetraguaiacol /分钟) ±0.60 负控制;丙二醛（µM/L）为3.97 ± 0.24，低于阴性对照（ ± 0.48）； 9.73±0.65 。结论HPE和CPE提取物联合使用可增强其预防白内障和肾小球病变的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Potential benefits of Maytenus emarginata (Willd.) Ding Hou against inflammation via suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines 麻豆的潜在益处（野生）丁侯通过抑制促炎细胞因子抗炎

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100542

Supriya Sharma , Divya Sharma , Chetan Paul Singh , Yogesh P. Bharitkar , Mahaveer Dhobi

Background

This investigation is driven by the traditional use of Maytenus emarginata in ancient medicinal practices for its alleged anti-inflammatory properties, which have yet to be thoroughly validated through scientific research.

Purpose

The study aims to identify the phytochemical profiling of Maytenus emarginata crude extract and investigate its anti-inflammatory activity through in vitro and in vivo approaches.

Methods

The methanol extract (ME) and its bioactive n-hexane fraction (HME) from Maytenus emarginata were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory action through ELISA and flow cytometric analysis. Bioassay-guided fractionation followed by column chromatography was used to isolate bioactive compounds. Furthermore, in vivo studies used the rat paw edema model, which induces inflammation with carrageenan, to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of Maytenus emarginata.

Results

ME and its bioactive fraction (HME) demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity in both models. Among all tested fractions, HME effectively inhibits the release of TNF-α and IL-6, primarily by decreasing the levels of NF-κB in LPS-stimulated macrophages. This inhibitory effect was further supported by flow cytometric analysis. Subsequent phytochemical analysis of HME resulted in the characterization of three compounds: lupeol, stigmasterol, and β-amyrin. The in vivo model further confirmed the anti-inflammatory activity of HME, with 50 mg/kg showing the greatest edema reduction in the rat model.

Conclusion

Maytenus emarginata (Willd.) Ding Hou demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory effects, reflected by decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and changes associated with NF-κB signalling.

这项调查是由马尾藤在古代医学实践中的传统使用所驱动的，因为它具有所谓的抗炎特性，但尚未通过科学研究得到彻底验证。目的通过体外和体内两种方法，研究马尾藤粗提物的植物化学特征，探讨其抗炎活性。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）和流式细胞术（流式细胞术）对麻头藤甲醇提取物（ME）及其生物活性正己烷组分（HME）的抗炎作用进行评价。采用生物测定引导分馏-柱层析分离生物活性化合物。此外，利用卡拉胶诱导炎症的大鼠足跖水肿模型，在体内研究了马尾菜的抗炎作用。结果me及其生物活性组分（HME）在两种模型中均表现出明显的抗炎活性。在所有测试部分中，HME有效抑制TNF-α和IL-6的释放，主要是通过降低lps刺激的巨噬细胞中NF-κB的水平。流式细胞分析进一步证实了这种抑制作用。随后对HME进行植物化学分析，鉴定出三种化合物：鹿皮醇、豆甾醇和β-amyrin。体内模型进一步证实了HME的抗炎作用，50 mg/kg的HME在大鼠模型中表现出最大的水肿减轻作用。结论：野麻藤属植物；丁厚具有显著的抗炎作用，表现在促炎细胞因子水平降低和NF-κB信号传导相关的变化。

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引用次数: 0

Harnessing cancer chemotherapy with dietary phytochemicals by nanotechnology 利用纳米技术利用膳食植物化学物质进行癌症化疗

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100541

Sanjib Bhattacharya

The nanotechnology-based combined novel delivery of extant cancer chemotherapeutic agents with dietary phytochemicals has been found to be remarkably more efficacious and viable than monotherapy or combinations thereof in conventional pharmaceutical dosage forms to counteract cancer. The present review attempts to furnish an evidence-based account on relevant pre-clinical studies corroborating the fact of improved compliance through such combinatorial interventions, overcoming the admitted limitations against cancer. Nanoemulsion, nanosponge, nanosuspension, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes (CWT), nanoliposomes, hybrid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were such novel nanocarriers. Breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, brain cancer, colon cancer, and prostate cancer were thus counteracted as cell lines in vitro or in vivo in experimental animals. Curcumin was shown to be the most prevalent dietary phytochemical used effectively followed by resveratrol, quercetin, berberine and others. Lipid-based nanocarriers, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes and micelles were found to be the most used nanoplatforms. However, there are a number of gaps that need to be addressed in pre-clinical and clinical stages, including optimization of drug combination, scalable manufacturing, physiological barriers, complexity of interactions, understanding tumor and multi-drug antitumor mechanisms, long-term stability of novel combinatorial nanoformulations, safety concerns and food/drug regulatory matters. Future investigations with the promising candidates in this direction may open a new window in cancer chemotherapy to achieve optimal effects in humans.

研究发现，以纳米技术为基础，将现有的癌症化疗药物与膳食植物化学物质结合起来，比单一疗法或传统药物剂型的联合疗法更有效、更可行，以对抗癌症。本综述试图对相关的临床前研究提供一个基于证据的说明，证实通过这种组合干预提高依从性的事实，克服了公认的抗癌局限性。纳米乳液、纳米海绵、纳米悬浮液、固体脂质纳米粒子（SLN）、聚合物纳米粒子、金属纳米粒子、碳纳米管（CWT）、纳米脂质体、杂化纳米粒子和纳米结构脂质载体（NLC）就是这样的新型纳米载体。因此，乳腺癌、胃癌、肺癌、肝癌、卵巢癌、宫颈癌、脑癌、结肠癌、前列腺癌等在实验动物体内或体外作为细胞系被抵消。姜黄素被证明是最普遍使用的膳食植物化学物质，其次是白藜芦醇、槲皮素、小檗碱等。脂基纳米载体、聚合物纳米粒子、脂质体和胶束是最常用的纳米平台。然而，在临床前和临床阶段仍有许多空白需要解决，包括药物组合的优化、可扩展制造、生理障碍、相互作用的复杂性、对肿瘤和多药抗肿瘤机制的理解、新型组合纳米制剂的长期稳定性、安全性问题和食品/药物监管问题。未来对这一方向有希望的候选药物的研究可能为癌症化疗在人类中获得最佳效果打开一扇新的窗口。

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引用次数: 0

GC-MS profiling, anticancer activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. hydroalcoholic fruit extract against colorectal cancer cells, and In Silico targeting of BRAF in the serrated pathway 辣木抗肿瘤活性的GC-MS分析。水酒精水果提取物对结直肠癌细胞的抑制作用，以及在硅中靶向BRAF的锯齿状通路

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100524

Mahalakshmi Devaraji , Punniyakoti Veeraveedu Thanikachalam , H. Mohamed Ishaq , D. Vidhya Varshini , Karthika Ramesh , Kannan R. Ramaswamy

Objective

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anticancer effects of Moringa oleifera fruit extracts and their bioactive polyphenols, specifically quercetin and kaempferol, against colorectal cancer cell lines, and to validate their molecular interactions with relevant target proteins through in silico and in vitro approaches.

Materials and methods

Preliminary phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis were conducted to identify the phytochemical composition of Moringa oleifera. Anticancer activity was evaluated using MTT assay against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells, microscopy, and AO/EtBr staining. Additionally, molecular docking, ADMET analysis, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to assess the binding affinity and stability of major phytoconstituents against BRAF V600E—a mutation in the BRAF gene implicated in colorectal cancer.

Results

The hydroalcoholic fruit extract confirmed the presence of key secondary metabolites. GC-MS identified 26 bioactive compounds, with (E)-9-Octadecenoic acid ethyl ester and cis-Vaccenic acid in high quantities. The extract showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in MTT assays against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells, with an IC₅₀ of 13.076 ± 3.288 µg/ml. Apoptotic effects were evident through AO/EtBr staining and phase-contrast microscopy, with outcomes comparable to Paclitaxel. In silico, 10 major phytoconstituents were docked with BRAF V600E kinase (PDB ID: 6XFP), an oncogenic target in colorectal cancer. Quercetin and Kaempferol showed stronger binding affinities (-11.1685 and −10.4259 kcal/mol) than Encorafenib (-10.0141 kcal/mol). MD simulations confirmed the stability of the Quercetin–BRAF complex, while Kaempferol showed lower stability.

Conclusions

This is the first report on the anticancer effects of Moringa oleifera fruit extract against colorectal cancer via BRAF targeting. Quercetin emerged as a promising natural BRAF inhibitor, meriting further in vivo validation.

目的研究辣木果实提取物及其生物活性多酚（槲皮素和山奈酚）对结直肠癌细胞的抗癌作用，并通过体外实验验证其与相关靶蛋白的分子相互作用。材料与方法对辣木的植物化学成分进行初步筛选和GC-MS分析。采用MTT法、显微镜和AO/EtBr染色对HCT-116结直肠癌细胞进行抗癌活性评估。此外，还进行了分子对接、ADMET分析和分子动力学（MD）模拟，以评估主要植物成分对BRAF v600e -一种与结直肠癌相关的BRAF基因突变的结合亲和力和稳定性。结果水醇果提取物中存在关键的次生代谢产物。GC-MS鉴定出26种活性化合物，其中(E)-9-十八烯酸乙酯和顺式异戊酸含量较高。该提取物在MTT试验中对HCT-116结直肠癌细胞显示出浓度依赖性的细胞毒性，IC₅₀为13.076 ± 3.288 µg/ml。通过AO/EtBr染色和相衬显微镜观察，凋亡效应明显，其结果与紫杉醇相当。在硅中，10种主要植物成分与BRAF V600E激酶（PDB ID: 6XFP）对接，BRAF V600E激酶是结直肠癌的致癌靶点。槲皮素和山奈酚的结合亲和力（-11.1685和- 10.4259 kcal/mol）高于Encorafenib（-10.0141 kcal/mol）。MD模拟证实了槲皮素- braf复合物的稳定性，而山奈酚的稳定性较低。结论辣木果实提取物通过BRAF靶向作用抑制结直肠癌的研究尚属首次报道。槲皮素是一种很有前景的天然BRAF抑制剂，值得进一步的体内验证。

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引用次数: 0

Neurotherapeutic effects of Erythrina velutina Willd. extracts: A systematic review 白赤藓的神经治疗作用。摘要：系统综述

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100537

Cláudia Bernadete de Souza Lira, Janaína Vital de Albuquerque, Thâmarah de Albuquerque Lima, Leydianne Leite de Siqueira Patriota, Thiago Henrique Napoleão

This review analyzed and synthesized current evidence on the therapeutic effects of Erythrina velutina Willd. extracts, with a particular focus on their application in the treatment of nervous system diseases and disorders. The objective was to identify the biological activities of these extracts and their relevance in managing conditions such as anxiety, depression, and other neurological pathologies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Scopus databases, with no temporal restrictions. After applying relevant search terms and exclusion criteria, 12 studies were selected: 11 were conducted in vivo (two of which included complementary in vitro analysis and one also incorporating ex vivo experiments), and 1 was performed exclusively in vitro. Notably, E. velutina extracts demonstrated anxiolytic and neuroprotective properties, along with beneficial effects on sleep regulation, memory, and motor function. Several studies also explored their potential roles in pain modulation and in experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, as well as psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. Despite methodological differences across studies, the findings consistently support the therapeutic potential of E. velutina, particularly in relation to central nervous system depression, cognitive enhancement, and antioxidant activity. However, a significant gap remains in the chemical characterization of the extracts. In conclusion, E. velutina emerges as a promising candidate for further research and development of safer, more effective therapeutic agents, while also contributing to the validation of its traditional medicinal uses.

本文分析和综合了目前国内外关于绒赤藓的治疗作用。提取物，特别关注其在治疗神经系统疾病和失调中的应用。目的是确定这些提取物的生物活性及其在治疗诸如焦虑、抑郁和其他神经系统疾病方面的相关性。在PubMed、Web of Science、ScienceDirect和Scopus数据库中进行了全面的文献检索，没有时间限制。应用相关检索词和排除标准后，共筛选出12项研究，其中11项为体内实验（其中2项为体外互补实验，1项为体外实验），1项为纯体外实验。值得注意的是，白芦巴提取物显示出抗焦虑和神经保护特性，以及对睡眠调节、记忆和运动功能的有益作用。一些研究还探索了它们在疼痛调节和神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病）以及精神疾病（包括精神分裂症）的实验模型中的潜在作用。尽管不同研究的方法存在差异，但研究结果一致支持绒皮草的治疗潜力，特别是在中枢神经系统抑郁、认知增强和抗氧化活性方面。然而，在提取物的化学表征方面仍有很大的差距。综上所述，胡芦巴为进一步研究和开发更安全、更有效的治疗药物提供了一个有希望的候选药物，同时也有助于验证其传统药用价值。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring Flemingia: A comprehensive review of botanical, phytochemical, and therapeutic insights 探索弗勒明属植物：植物学、植物化学和治疗见解的综合综述

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100535

N.M. Sindhikar , S.K. Gavade , M.M. Lekhak , U.B. Jagtap , V.A. Bapat

The genus Flemingia Roxb. ex W.T. Aiton (Leguminosae) comprises approximately 48 species and two varieties, widely distributed across tropical and subtropical regions. Various Flemingia species hold significant ethnopharmacological relevance, particularly in Asia and Africa, where different plant parts are traditionally used to treat inflammatory disorders, rheumatism, gastrointestinal ailments, reproductive health issues, and infectious diseases. Beyond medicinal applications, Flemingia species contribute to agroforestry and natural dye production, with compounds like flemingin used in silk dyeing. Phytochemical investigations reveal a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids such as genistein and auriculasin, chalcones, terpenoids, and anthraquinones, which contribute to their pharmacological activities. Scientific studies have demonstrated their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. Certain species, such as F. vestita, F. macrophylla, and F. philippinensis exhibit potent anthelmintic, estrogenic, and anti-photoaging effects, while inhibitory activities against key enzymes like tyrosinase, neuraminidase, and xanthine oxidase suggest potential applications in metabolic disorders, dermatology, and infectious diseases. Despite the promising pharmacological potential, the toxicological profile of most Flemingia species remains largely unexplored, and clinical validation is limited. Further studies focusing on bioassay-guided isolation, mechanistic pathways, pharmacokinetics, and comprehensive safety evaluations are essential to advance their therapeutic applications and ensure their sustainable utilization. This review consolidates existing knowledge on the botanical, ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological aspects of Flemingia species, highlighting research gaps and future directions in drug discovery.

Flemingia Roxb属。豆科植物（leguminoaceae）包括约48种和2个变种，广泛分布于热带和亚热带地区。佛莱明属的各种物种具有重要的民族药理学意义，特别是在亚洲和非洲，在那里，不同的植物部分传统上用于治疗炎症性疾病、风湿病、胃肠道疾病、生殖健康问题和传染病。除药用外，Flemingia还用于农林业和天然染料生产，flemingin等化合物用于丝绸染色。植物化学研究揭示了多种生物活性化合物，包括黄酮类化合物，如染料木素和木耳素，查尔酮，萜类和蒽醌，这些化合物有助于它们的药理活性。科学研究已经证明了它们的抗氧化、抗菌、抗糖尿病、保护肝脏、保护神经、免疫调节和抗炎特性。某些物种，如vestita、F. macrophylla和F. philippinensis表现出强大的驱虫药、雌激素和抗光老化作用，而对酪氨酸酶、神经氨酸酶和黄嘌呤氧化酶等关键酶的抑制活性表明其在代谢紊乱、皮肤病和传染病方面的潜在应用。尽管具有良好的药理潜力，但大多数Flemingia物种的毒理学特征仍未被探索，临床验证有限。进一步研究以生物测定为导向的分离、机制途径、药代动力学和综合安全性评价是推进其治疗应用和确保其可持续利用的必要条件。本文综述了Flemingia属植物的植物学、民族药理学、植物化学、药理学和毒理学方面的现有知识，重点介绍了Flemingia属植物在药物发现方面的研究空白和未来发展方向。

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引用次数: 0

An integrated binary classification and machine learning approach to decode curcumin's mitigation of cypermethrin-induced hepatorenal injury: Experimental and computational analysis 综合二进制分类和机器学习方法解码姜黄素减轻氯氰菊酯诱导的肝肾损伤：实验和计算分析

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100538

Hamid Rehman , Nida Gul , Khurshid Ahmad , Mazhar Iqbal , Aqib Hassan Ali Khan , Rehan Naeem

This study investigated the protective role of Curcuma longa L. extract (curcumin, CMN) against cypermethrin (CYP)-induced hepatic and renal injury in male albino rabbits. Animals were divided into four groups: control, CYP (25 mg kg⁻¹), CMN (50 mg kg⁻¹), and combined CYP + CMN, treated orally for 45 days. CYP administration markedly reduced hepatic and renal antioxidant enzymes, including SOD (47 %), CAT (39 %), and GPx (42 %), while elevating lipid peroxidation (61 %) and serum markers of liver (ALT 2.6-fold, AST 2.3-fold, ALP 2.1-fold) and kidney dysfunction was also increased (urea 58 %, creatinine 52 %). Co-treatment with CMN significantly restored antioxidant enzyme activities toward control levels (p < 0.01), normalized lipid profile indices, and improved histopathological architecture of hepatic and renal tissues. To complement experimental results, a computational regression model was trained on data to identify major predictors of CYP-induced oxidative stress. Binary classification model was developed to distinguish CYP-exposed (toxic) from CMN-protected (non-toxic) conditions using the same biochemical and enzymatic feature set. The classifier achieved outstanding performance, with overall accuracy of 100 %, area under the ROC curve (AUC = 1.0), precision (0.96), and recall (0.94), confirming a clear separation between the two physiological states. The Random forest model showed high predictive accuracy (R² = 0.98, RMSE = 29.20, MAPE = 1.1 %) The most discriminative predictors included SOD, GPX, and VLDL, of liver which consistently ranked among the top features in both regression and classification analyses. These results reinforce the experimental observations that hepatic antioxidant enzymes and lipid-associated parameters serve as reliable biomarkers for distinguishing oxidative injury from curcumin-mediated protection.

研究了姜黄素对氯氰菊酯（CYP）致雄性白化兔肝、肾损伤的保护作用。动物被分为四组：对照组，CYP（25 mg kg⁻¹），CMN（50 mg kg⁻¹）和CYP + CMN联合治疗，口服45天。CYP显著降低肝脏和肾脏抗氧化酶，包括SOD（47 %）、CAT（39 %）和GPx(42 %)，同时升高脂质过氧化（61 %）、肝脏血清标志物（ALT 2.6倍、AST 2.3倍、ALP 2.1倍）和肾功能障碍（尿素58 %、肌酐52 %）。与CMN共同治疗可显著恢复抗氧化酶活性至控制水平（p <； 0.01），使血脂指数正常化，并改善肝和肾组织的组织病理结构。为了补充实验结果，对数据进行了计算回归模型的训练，以确定cypp诱导的氧化应激的主要预测因素。使用相同的生化和酶学特征集，建立了二元分类模型来区分cyp暴露（有毒）和cmn保护（无毒）条件。该分类器表现出色，总体准确率为100 %，ROC曲线下面积（AUC = 1.0），精密度（0.96），召回率（0.94），证实了两种生理状态的明显分离。随机森林模型具有较高的预测准确率（R²= 0.98,RMSE = 29.20, MAPE = 1.1 %），最具判别性的预测因子为肝脏SOD、GPX和VLDL，在回归分析和分类分析中均名列前茅。这些结果加强了实验观察，肝脏抗氧化酶和脂质相关参数可作为区分氧化损伤和姜黄素介导的保护的可靠生物标志物。

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引用次数: 0

Neuroprotective effect of abietic acid against sodium valproate induced autism in male and female rat pups 枞酸对丙戊酸钠诱导的雌雄大鼠幼鼠自闭症的神经保护作用

Pharmacological Research - Natural Products

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100536

Prity Lather, Dinesh Dhingra

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Two FDA approved drugs such as risperidone and aripiprazole have been reported to treat some symptoms of ASD in children and adolescents. But both these drugs have side effects. Therefore, it is worthwhile to explore safer alternatives such as medicinal plants and bioactive compounds for management of autism. Abietic acid, a resin present in various species of Pinus. It exhibits anti-depressant, memory improving, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, suggesting its potential to ameliorate autism–like symptoms. The current study investigated the effect of abietic acid on sodium valproate- induced autism in male and female rat pups to assess sex- specific responses. For inducing autism, 400 mg/kg of sodium valproate was injected subcutaneously to pregnant female rats on 12th day of gestation. Abietic acid (7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg, p.o.) and standard drugs (diazepam, fluoxetine, and donepezil, i.p.) were given to separate groups of autistic pups from 26th to 40th postnatal days. Behavioural assessments revealed that autistic pups were depressed; showed repetitive and anxious behaviours; showed impairment of learning and memory; and impairment of social interaction; and increased locomotion. Biochemical analysis showed increased brain oxidative stress parameters, acetylcholinesterase activity, neuro-inflammation and apoptosis along with decreased mitochondrial complexes activities. Abietic acid (15, 30 mg/kg) remarkably reversed these behavioural deficits and restored biochemical parameters towards normal in both male and female autistic pups. These findings indicated that abietic acid produced significant neuro-protective effects in autistic pups, possibly through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity, amelioration of neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Overall, this study highlights the potential of abietic acid as a natural intervention for management of autism-like behaviours.

自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种神经发育障碍。据报道，FDA批准的两种药物利培酮和阿立哌唑可以治疗儿童和青少年的ASD症状。但是这两种药都有副作用。因此，值得探索更安全的替代品，如药用植物和生物活性化合物来治疗自闭症。松木酸，一种存在于不同种类松木中的树脂。它具有抗抑郁、改善记忆、抗炎和抗氧化活性，表明它有可能改善自闭症样症状。本研究探讨了枞酸对丙戊酸钠诱导的雄性和雌性大鼠幼鼠自闭症的影响，以评估性别特异性反应。为了诱导自闭症，在妊娠第12天给妊娠雌性大鼠皮下注射400 mg/kg丙戊酸钠。从出生后第26 ~ 40天开始，分别给予Abietic酸（7.5、15、30 mg/kg, p.o.）和标准药物（地西泮、氟西汀和多奈哌齐，i.p）。行为评估显示，患有自闭症的幼崽情绪低落；表现出重复和焦虑行为；表现出学习和记忆障碍；社会互动障碍；增加运动。生化分析显示，脑氧化应激参数、乙酰胆碱酯酶活性、神经炎症和细胞凋亡增加，线粒体复合物活性降低。Abietic酸（15,30 mg/kg）显著逆转了雄性和雌性自闭症幼犬的这些行为缺陷，并使生化参数恢复正常。这些发现表明，枞酸对自闭症幼犬具有显著的神经保护作用，可能是通过抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性、改善神经炎症、氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍和细胞凋亡。总的来说，这项研究强调了松木酸作为一种自然干预治疗自闭症样行为的潜力。

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引用次数: 0